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Upper Cretaceous Belemnites from the Vomb Trough in Scania, Sweden

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Upper Cretaceous Belemnites from the Vomb Trough in Scania, Sweden WALTER KEGEL CHRISTENSEN UPPER CRETACEOUS BELEMNITES FROM THE VOMB TROUGH IN SCANIA, SWEDEN UPPSALA 1986 SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSÖKNING SER. Ca AVHANDLINGAR OCH UPPSA TSER I A4 NR 57 WALTER KEGEL CHRISTENSEN UPPER CRETACEOUS BELEMNITES FROM THE VOMB TROUGH IN SCANIA, SWEDEN UPPSALA 1986 ISBN 91-7158-353-X ISSN 0348-1352 In memory of the outstanding Swedish palaeontologist and biostratigrapher Johan Christian Moberg (1854-1915) who monographed the Upper Cretaceous belemnites of Sweden a century ago in 1885. Moberg used the belemnites biostrati­ graphically and propose d a partly new subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous. The publication of the monograph was the culmi­ nation of Moberg's first field of activity: the Cretaceous of Sweden. Later, he mainly focussed on the Cambro-Silurian of Scania. Seen in a European context, Moberg's study was only the third monograph dealing with Upper Cretaceous belem­ nites, following monographs on the English belemnites by Sharpe (1853) and German belemnites by Schliiter (1876). A contribution to IU S PROJECf TORNQUIST UNES O (IGCP Accession Number 86) Textkartorna är från sekretessynpunkt godkända för spridning. Lantmäteriverket 1986-03-26 Address: Walter Kegel Christensen GeologicaJ Museum 0ster Voldgade 5-7 DK-1350 Capenhagen Fotosats: ORD & FORM AB Tryck: Offsetcenter AB, Uppsala 1986 UPPER CRETACEOUS BELEMNITES FROM THE VOMB TRO UGH CONTENTS Abstract .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 ActinocamaxMiller .............. ................ ...... .. ... ......... .. .... 23 Introduction . 4 A. verusMiller .... ................. ... .. ...... ........ .. .. .. ....... ...... 23 Material ................................. .... ... .. ............................... 5 Gonioteuthis Bayle . 24 General geologic framework . 5 G. westfalica (Schliiter) .. ...... .. .... .. ........ .. .......... .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 The Vom b Trough . 6 G. westfalicagranulata (Stolley) .... .. .... ....................... .... 25 Description of Iocalities . 7 G. granulataquadrata (Stolley) .... .. .... .. ........... ........... .... 26 Eriksdal ............ .. ..... ...... ..... ... ... .... .......................... 7 G. quadratascaniensis?Christense n .... .. .. .. .. ... ....... .......... 27 Gonioteuthisspp.... ... ..... .. ... .... .. .. .. .... ... ............. 27 ~~~~~~:ga . ::::::::::::::::: ::::: ::: : ::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: :: :::: ~ Belemnellocamax Naidin . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 27 Kullemölla-Lyckås ... ............. ......... .. ...... .. .............. ... 10 B. exgr.grossouvrei(Janet) ....... .... ...................... ......... 28 Kullemölla l boring .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 B. m. mammillatus(Ni!sson) .................... .... ........ .......... 29 Rödmölla- Tosterup . 11 B. balsvikensis (Brotzen) .. .. .... .. .. ... .. ........ ...... .. .. ........ ... 29 Summarizing remarks .. ..... .. ......................................... 13 Belemnitella d'Orbigny. ......................... .. .. ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 Stratigraphy . 13 B.propinquagroup .... .... .......... ........ ........................... 30 Generaloutline . 13 'Actinocamax' cf.lundgreni Stolley.. ..... ........ ......... .. .. ... 30 The subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous ofSweden ............... 14 B. p. propinqua(Moberg) ........................... .............. .... 30 Stratigraphic conclusions . 15 B. praecursor group.................................. ....... .. .. ........ 31 Depositional history of the Vomb Trough during the Upper B. alphaNaidin ... .. .. ..... ..... ..................... ...... .... .......... 32 Cretaceous . 18 B. ex gr. alp ha NaidinlpraecursorStolley .. .. .. ...... .. ............ 34 Systematic part . 19 Belemnitella taxa from the highest Lower Campanian- Morphologyofthe guard and terminology ............... .. ......... 19 Lower Maastrichtian . 34 Measurements and abbreviations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 B. mucronata (Schlotheim) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 Biometric methods . 20 B. aff.langeiJe!etzky ... .. ................... .......................... 36 Classification ofBelemnitellidae . 20 Summary .......................... .. ... ....... .. ............................. ... 38 The species concept in belemnites . 20 Acknowledgments . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 Family Belemnitellidae . 22 References . 39 ABSTRACT Christensen, W.K., 1986: Upper Cretaceous belemnites from the taxa from the uppermost Lower Campanian-Lower Maastrich­ Vomb Trough in Scania, Sweden. Sveriges geologiska undersökning. tian are discussed and the concept of the majority of these taxa Ser. Ca, No. 57, pp. 1-57. Pis. 1-7. Uppsala 1986. is shown to be in a state of chaos. Manuscript delivered in January 1985 . The localities in the Vomb Trough are described and placed Upper Cretaceous belerunites from classic outcrops and one in an international stratigraphic fraruework on the basis of the boring in the Vomb Trough in Scania , Sweden, are described, belerunites faunas, which are compared to faunas from western including univariate and bivariate biometric analyses. Europe and the Russian Platform. The Vomb Trough is a narrow, elongated, asymmetrical The 'Westfalicus conglomerate' at Rödmölla-Tosterup graben initiated in early Mesozoic times. The maximum thick­ yielded Belemnitella propinqua and Gonioteuthis westfalica and ness of the Upper Cretaceous strata is a little less than 800 m, is from the Lower-Middle Santonian. The mar! at Eriksdal is and the dominant sediments are glauconitic, calcareous, clayey referred to the Upper Middle Santonian on the basis of Belem­ siltstones deposited in a fairly shallow-water marine environ­ nitella propinqua and Gonioteuthis westfalicagranulata. Lower ment. Several conglomerates with extra-basinal clasts and non­ Middle Santonian strata with Gonioteuthis westfalica are possi­ sequences occur in the Santonian and Campania n, at !east close bly also present at Eriksdal. The outcrops at Kullemölla-Lyckås to the margin of the trough. contain Belemnitella alpha, Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata, Thirteen belemnite taxa from the Santonian-Campanian are Actinocamax verus, and Belemnellocamax ex gr. grossouvrei, recognized representing the following genera: Actinocamax and are assigned to the basal Lower Campanian. The loose Miller, Gonioteuthis Bayle, Belemnellocamax Naidin, and blocks at Kåseberga contai ning Belemnitella ex gr. alphal Belemnitella d'Orbigny. The nominate subspecies and two praecursor and Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata or Gonioteuthis other subspecies of Actinocamax verus are discussed; the sub­ quadrata are from the Lower Campanian, possibly the basal species dnestrensis is placed in synonymy of the nomina te sub­ Lower Campanian. The 'Verus conglomerate' at Rödmölla• species, and i t is suggested that the subspecies fragilis ma y be a Tosterup is sandwiehed between beds from the basal Santonian geographic subspecies. Actinocamax (Paractinocamax) is dis­ and the uppermost Lower Campanian, and ma y therefore be of cussed and placed in synonymy of Belemnellocamax. Two taxa middle to late Santonian and/or early Early Campanian age. of Belemnitella, B. alphaand B. praecursor, from the lower and The calcareous sandstones and conglomerates (Tosterup con­ middle Lower Campanian are tentatively recognized and fully gloruerate) at Rödmölla-Tosterup span the Lower-Upper Cam­ discussed. Measurements of critical interna! characters of the panian boundary. The beds with Belemnellocamax holotype of Belemnitella praecursor are reported. Belemnitella mammillatus, Belemnitella mucronata, and Gonioteuthis quad- 3 WALTER KEGEL CHRISTENSEN rata scaniensis? are from the uppermost Lower Campanian, propinqua, and Belemnitella ex gr. alpha/praecursor. The previ­ whilst the beds with Belemnellocamax balsvikensis are from the ous biostratigraphical dating of the upper part of the boring lower Upper Campanian. The lower part of the Köpinge using foraminifera is supportedon belemnite evidence. Maas­ sandstone is referred to the uppermost Lower Campanian on trichtian belerunites have not been met with, although Maas­ the basis of Belemnellocamax mammillatus and Belemnitella trichtian ammonites and foraminifera are known from the mucronata, whereas the upper part is assigned to the middle trough. Earlier records of stratigraphically important fossils, Upper Campanian on the basis of Belemnitella mucronata and including ammonites and echinoderms, are reviewed. Belemnitella aff. langei. The following belemnite species from The present belemnite study has thus demonstrated the pre­ the Santonian-basal Lower Campanian are recorded from the sence of Upper Cretaceous strata from the Lower-Middle San­ Kullemölla boring: Actinocamax verus, 'Actinocamax' lund­ tonian, basal Lower Campanian, uppermost Lower Campa­ greni, Gonioteuthis westfalica, Gonioteuthis spp., Belemnitella nian-lower Upper Campanian, and middle Upper Campanian. Introduction Upper Cretaceous belerunites from Sweden were studied (1910), Lundegren (1930 to 1936), Brotzen (1936 to already in the first half of the 19th century by Wahlenberg 1966), and Christensen (1970 to 1982). Other strati­ (1818), Nilsson (1826, 1827), Blainville (1825-1827, graphically important fossil groups such as ammonites 1827), and d'Orbigny (1840); these authors, however, and inoceramid bivalves have been recorded from
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