4430 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 ADJOURNMENT TO 10 A.M. come before the Senate, I move, in ac­ The motion was agreed to; and the Senate ary 20, 1970, that the Senate stand in adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres­ adjournment until 10 o'clock tomorrow February 24, 1970, at 10 a.m. ident, if there be no further business to morning.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ANTI-AMERICAN YOUTH pletely cont rol the Student Mobilization neighborhoods. A group of Black Panthers, ORGANIZATIONS Committee to End the War in Vietnam, an armed with a variety of pistols, rifles and organization which has fully supported the shotguns invaded the California Stat e As­ projects of the New Mobilization Committee sembly while it was in session on May 2 , 1967, HON. PAUL J. FANNIN to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE). YSA to protest pending firearm legislation. Mem­ OF ARIZONA is well represented on MOBE's Steering Com­ bers of the BPP are armed with an assort­ mittee which is composed of a high concen­ ment of weapons and many have criminal IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tration of Communists and pro-Communists. records. For example, while stopped by law Monday, February 23, 1970 A considerable portion of YSA anti-war ac­ enforcement officers for a traffic violation in tivities is devoted to undermining the morale October 1967, Minister of Defense Huey P. Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, it has of the United Sta.tes Armed Forces through Newton killed one policeman and wounded come to my attention, through requests subversion and propaganda. At its most re­ another. Leroy Eldridge Cleaver, who as BPP to my office for information, that certain cent national convention held in Minne­ Minister of Information brought consider­ so-called youth organizations in the apolis, Minnesota, December 27-30, 1969, YSA able growth to the organization, became a United States, while prominent in the discussed plans to take over the leadership Federal fugitive as a result of criminal of the left-wing student movement and to charges involving violation of parole and news, have so little information published fill the vacuum created as a result of the participation in a gun battle with Oakland, about them or about their genesis. recent decline of SDS and the splintering of California police. David Hilliard, BPP Chief I am indebted to members of the that group into various factions. of Staff, was recently arrested for threaten­ American Research Foundation for sup­ ing the life of the President of the United plying me with carefully researched con­ STUDENT MOBILIZATION COMMITTEE To END States. Approximately 350 members of the cise information about several of these THE WAR IN VIETNAM Party were arrested on criminal charges in groups whlch I believe should be more The Student Mobilization Committee to 1969 alone. Violence against law enforcement End the War in Vietnam (SMC) is a na­ officers, whom the Panthers term "pigs" and widely disseminated. consider prime targets for destruction, has Mr. President I ask unanimous con­ tional organization composed of college and high school students united in an "uncom­ been a notorious part of BPP activities. Gun sent that the information be printed in promising struggle" against U .S. military battles between police and the BPP have oc­ the RECORD. involvement in Vietnam. The SMC was curred in Oakland, Los Angeles, Chicago, and There being no objection, the material founded as an outgrowth of a conference held other cities. Some clashes with police have actually involved BPP-instigated sniping and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in Chicago, December 28-30, 1966, undPr the sponsorship of the Communist Party, U.S.A. ambushes. Police raids on the BPP in various as follows: cities have resulted in confiscation of large YOUNG SOCIALIST ALLIANCE (CPUSA) and the Trotskyist-Communist group, Socialist Workers Party (SWP). The caches of guns and ammunition. The BPP The Young Socialist Alliance (YSA) is the purpose of this conference was to consider ideology is based partly on the writings of youth and training section of the Socialist a proposal of Bettina Aptheker to call a Communist China's Mao Tse-tung and em­ phasizeEs the slogan "Serve the people." To Workers Party (SWP), a militant revolution­ nationwide student strike as a protest against win support among poor blacks, as well as ary communist party based upon the theories the war in Vietnam. Bettina Aptheker, whose of Marx, Engels and Lenin as interpreted by middle-class liberals, the Panthers have or­ proposal failed to receive the support of ganized "Free Breakfast for Children" pro­ Leon Trotsky. Numerically, the SWP is the the majority solely because the delegates largest Trotskyist-Communist organization grams in poor areas in many cities. These felt that such a project was incapable of programs are supported in part by the BPP operating in the United States. Like the being successfully organized, was subse­ SWP, YSA opposes Soviet and Red Chinese intimidation of local merchants to contribute quently elected to the National Committee food and supplies. Another source of funds "bureaucracy"; however, it fully endorses of the CPUSA. The CPUSA and SWP con­ their economic systems. It also lends whole­ for the Party is the sale of its weekly tabloid trolling factions within the SMC were in a newspaper "The Black Panther," a publica­ hearted support to the Cuban revolution as state of almost constant disagreement from well as other revolutions of Communist ori­ tion devoted to disseminating BPP's doctrine the beginning. This dissension reached a of revolution and hate. The BPP seeks revo­ gin. Founded in 1960, YSA openly claims that climax in June 1968 when the CPUSA with­ it is a "nationwide communist revolutionary lutionary allies among certain minority drew from the organization, thereby leaving groups and white radicals. It is noteworthy youth organization" composed of both stu­ the SWP in complete control over the SMC. dents and young working people. It has a that the BPP has recently received consider­ The SMC has sponsored several national anti­ able support from the Communist Party, current membership of over a thousand and war demonstrations and has cooperated in maintains 40 local chapters. YSA's national U.S.A. Certain officials of the BBP have various protest actions of the New Mobiliza­ traveled abroad to various countries includ­ office is located in New York City, where it tion Committee to End the War in Vietnam publishes a monthly journal, the "Young ing Communist ones, for the purpose of de­ and its predecessors. It has also actively Socialist." YSA views the war in Vietnam veloping international contacts and gaining promoted agitational activities among mem­ from a broad international perspective. It support. In view of its violent and revolu­ bers of the U.S. Armed Forces through dem­ advoowtes the formation of an international tionary nature, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover onstrations and other forms of protest. The united front under the banner of Che Gue­ has declared that the BPP "represents the vara's revolutionary call for the creation of national office of SMC is currently located greatest threat to the internal security of "two, three, :many Vietnams." YSA has pub­ at 1029 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Washington, the country." licly repudiated outright terrorist actions by D.C. Significantly, every prominent officer of certain small groups in the United States the SMC on both the local and national levels YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF THE COMMUNIST but has fully supported the concept of "self is a member of the SWP and its youth sec­ PARTY, U.S.A. defense." While praising the Black Panther tion, Young Socialist Alliance. The W. E. B. DuBois Clubs of America Party, YSA condemns the Students for a (DCA) served as the youth group of the Democratic Society ( SDS) , particularly its BLACK PANTHER PARTY Communist Party, U .S.A. (CPUSA) for nearly Weatherman faction. According to YSA's own The Black Panther Party (BPP) is a Negro the last six years. Named in honor of a de­ pronouncements, it advocates "the concept extremist group which seeks a violent social ceased member of the CPUSA, the DCA is of turning the campus into an organizing revolution in the United States. Its members the lineal descendant of a number of Party center for the anti-war, black power, and receive instruction in guerrilla warfare youth organizations including the Young revolutionary socialist movements." Certain tactics, including the preparation and use of Communist League, American Youth for YSA members have been instrumental in Molotov cocktails. Founded in Oakland, Cali­ Democracy, Labor Youth League, and the fomenting disruptions on various college fornia in 1966, the BPP has a current mem­ Progressive Youth Organizing Committee. campuses. Following the pattern of the SWP, bership of about 1,200 and maintains chap­ Since its founding convention held in San YSA maintains fraternal relations with cer­ ters in 30 cities, including New York, Phila­ Francisco, California, June 19-21, 1964, the tain international Communist elements. delphia, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco DCA has been substantially directed and con­ Prominent members of YSA have made re­ and Oakland. The BPP initially gained na­ trolled by the CPUSA and was operated for cent visits to Communist Cuba. During the tionwide attention when its members began the sole purpose of 'rendering support to the past several years, YSA has been exceedingly openly to carry firearms on Oakland streets Party itself. At various times, DCA has main­ active in both anti-war and anti-draft ac­ during what they called "defense patrols" to tained a national office in San Francisco, tivities. Both YSA and SWP members com- prevent alleged police brutality in black Chicago and New York, its final location. A February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4431 considerable number of indiViduals having has become increasingly stronger with each istic syst em. By 1965, when SDS became more CPUSA leadership backgrounds were active succeeding protest. MOBE sponsored the Oc­ and more militant and revolutionary, the in managing the DCA. The organization held tober 21-22, 1967 demonstration in Washing­ League for Industrial Democracy severed all several national conventions and ib> last one ton, D.C., during which time repeated at­ connections with it, and thereafter, SDS named JarVis Tyner as DCA National Chair­ tempts were made to close down the Penta­ functioned as an independent group. The man. Tyner had become a CPUSA National gon. It also jointly planned and executed the youthful idealism of "participat ory democ­ Committeeman months before his election disruption of the 1968 Democratic Party Na­ racy" was subsequently replaced by Marxist to the DCA top post. In addition to Tyner, tional Convention held in Chicago, and dogma a.s SDS became ent renched with com­ other principal DCA leaders appointed to the sponsored the demonstrations in the Na­ munists, particularly at t he nat ional leader­ National Committee of the CPUSA at the tion's capital on January 18-20, 1969 in pro­ ship level. Members of the Communist Party, Party's 18th National Convention held in test over the inauguration of President USA (CPUSA) have been quite act ive in SDS 1966 were Bettina Aptheker, Carl Bloice, Nixon. MOBE was the chief architect of an and SDS has rather consistently operated in Robert Duggan, Michael Eisenscher, Peggy anti-war project called the "Fall Offensive" fu~hering the objectives of the Party. SDS Goldman, Matthew Hallinan, Donald Ham­ which included the staging of demonstra­ claimed at its 1968 National Convention that merquist and Robert Heisler. Actually, DCA tions in Washington, D.C. on November 13- it had a membership of 30,000 functioning in never became a very effective youth group 15, 1969. Notwithstanding the fact that 300 chapters. Certain of its top national of the CPUSA, mainly because it functioned MOBE's so-called "Washington Action" was officers at this convention publicly identified as a disciplined Communist organization and billed as a pacifist demonstration, consider­ themselves as "revolutionary communists," it.B program failed to win the support of able injury to persons and damage to prop­ meaning a non-CPUSA type of Marxist­ thousands of radical and revolutionary erty occurred. The MOBE Steering Com­ Leninist. During the period between its 1968 youths who turned to the New Left and mittee, its leadership hierarchy, contains a convention and the one held in June 1969, groups like the Students for a Democratic large percentage of individuals who are or various factions within SDS fought for con­ Society. In 1967, DCA's membership was have been members of the Communist trol of the organization. The bitter dissen­ down to abOut 300, scattered in 25-30 chap­ Party, U.S.A., Socialist Workers Party and sion and factionalism at the 1969 convention ters throughout the country. DCA member­ other Communist groups, including their left SDS badly splintered and seriously ship dwindled to such a point in the late youth branches. MOBE leadership has co­ weakened. It was at this last SDS convention 1960's that it became obvious to the CPUSA ordinated its anti-war agitational activities that a faction called Revolutionary Youth that DCA influence among American youth With the international Communist move­ Movement (RYM) I, commonly known as was quite negligible. In a concerted effort ment. This can be best illustrated by the Weatherman, joined forces with RYM II, for to revitalize its whole youth program, the fact that during the MOBE demonstrations the purpose of expelling from SDS a third CPUSA recently established a Temporary of November 15, 1969, there were anti-Ameri­ faction, Worker-Student Alliance (WSA). Organizing Committee for a Marxist-Leninist can protests throughout the world on exactly The WSA, a pro-Peking clique within SDS Youth Organization for the purpose of the same day. During the height of the 1969 which had long sought to take over the entire scrapping the decadent DCA and forming an fall demonstrations, there were exchanges of SDS organization, is an affiliate of the Pro­ entirely new group representing "Commu­ support, encouragement and good will be­ gressive Labor Party (PLP), a communist nist, DuBois Club and Independent Youth." tween various international Communist party founded in 1962 by former members Under the direction of the CPUSA, the Tem­ sources and MOBE. One such greeting to of the CPUSA. As a result of convention porary Organizing Committee scheduled a MOBE emanated from North Vietnamese action in which the extremely violent founding convention for the Party's new Prime Minister Pham Van Dong, who wished Weatherman faction won complete control of Marxist-Leninist youth organization to be ''brilliant success" for MOBE's Fall Offensive. the SDS national structure, including the held in Chicago, Illinois, February 6-8, 1970. MOBE held a Steering Committee meeting national office in Chicago, WSA formed its Among the directives and other publications on December 13-14, 1969 for the purpose of own SDS organization in Boston which issued by this Committee was a secret report assessing its future role. MOBE leadership claimed to be the true SDS. After the ex­ entitled "A Plan to Win." This document, decided to concentrate in 1970 on local ac­ pulsion of PLP-WSA, RYM II became bitterly using appropriate quotations from V. I. tivities involving many war-related issues as opposed to the SDS Weatherman leadership Lenin, set forth the need for a new CPUSA opposed to staging further massive demon­ because of its violent, street fighting-type youth organization and discussed the neces­ strations. tactics and policies. During SDS's "Bring the sity for a revolutionary solution to all War Home" action in Chicago, October 8- social problems in the United States. STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY 11, 1969, approximately 400 Weathermen went The Students for a Democratic Society on a rampage, attacked police and engaged (SDS), together with its many factions and in indiscriminate destruction of property. NEW MOBILIZATION COMMITTEE TO END The teuoristic tactics of the Weathermen THE WAR IN VIETNAM splinter groups, is composed of revolutionary communists who form the core of the New were also seen when they attempted to as­ The New Mobilization Committee to End Left. These communists have been respon­ sault both the Embassy of South Vietnam the War in Vietnam, commonly known as sible for much of the disruption, destruction and the Department of Justice building in MOBE, is a Communist-oriented organiza­ and unrest in high schools and on college Washington, D.C. during the November 1969 tion which has functioned as a coalition for campuses in recent years, mainly involving "Fall Offensive" sponsored by the Commu­ numerous anti-war groups operating anti-war related protests. Many acts of nist-oriented New Mobilization Committee throughout the country. MOBE has a three­ violence have been directly attributed to SDS to End the War in Vietnam. Among the year history involving violence and civil dis­ members, including assaults on private indi­ other factions which have been active in obedience. It originated at a conference in viduals, destruction of property, seizure of SDS have been the Labor Committee, Inde­ pendent Socialists, Mad Dogs and Running September 1966 organized by the late A. J. buildings, and in some cases, a~tual sabotage. Muste, a radical pacifist and Communist SDS doctrine is based solely upon Marxism­ Dogs. Continued factionalism has brought sympathizer. In addition to Muste, others Leninism, and its program is dedicated to the about another SDS splinter group. On No­ involved in the formation of this organiza­ violent overthrow of the United States Gov­ vember 27-30, 1969, ahout 300 members of tion were Fred Halstead and Gus Horowitz, ernment. It was originally formed as a suc­ RYM II met in Atlanta, Georgia, and formed functionaries of the Trotskyist-Communist cessor to the Student League for Industrial a new "anti-imperialist" youth organization Socialist Workers Party; Stokely Carmichael, Democracy (SLID), a Socialist-oriented called Revolutionary Youth Movement. Re­ a former revolutionary leader of the Student group which was established in the early gardless of the internal differences among Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; Sidney 1930's as the youth affiliate of the League for SDS factions and splinter groups, they all M. Peck, a former State Committeeman, Wis­ Industrial Democracy. The SLID was a rela­ share the same goal, the complete destruc­ consin Communist Party; and certain other tively insignificant group until 1959, when tion of the United States by force and individuals having similar backgrounds. Ac­ it changed its name to the Students for a violence based upon the Marxist-Leninist tive in the organization from its early opera­ Democratic Society. However, the real mili­ concept of revolution. tions to the present have been David T. Del­ tant and revolutionary nature of SDS first linger, who has publicly declared that he is began to appear at a SDS national convention a "Communist but not the Soviet type," and held in Port Huron, Michigan, in 1962. At this MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ Arnold Johnson, Public Relations Director of convention, in which the present-day SDS HOW LONG? the Communist Party, U.S.A. MOBE has been was born, the organization endorsed a lengthy known under a variety of names. First or­ statement prepared by Thomas E. Hayden ganized as the November 8 Mobilization which advocated militancy in connection Committee for Peace in Vietnam, it subse­ with such concerns as civil rights, peace and HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE quently changed its name to the Spring Mo­ poverty. Hayden's document, known as the OF IOWA bilization Committee to End the War in "Port Huron Statement," referred to "par­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam, and still later to the National Mo­ ticipatory democracy" as an ideal form of bilization Committee. At a National Anti­ society. In actuality, "participatory democ­ Monday, February 23, 1970 War Conference held in Cleveland, Ohio, July racy" meant nothing but a political pro­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child 4-5, 1969, MOBE became known as the New gram bordering on anarchy which vehement­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: Mobilization Committee to End the War in ly distrusts "the establishment,'' "authority,'' Vietnam, Its present desi!!nation. MOBE has and "the system." The objective of SDS since "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my been involved in almost every major anti-war its 1962 convention has been one of ever husband alive or dead?" demonstration since its founding, and it ap­ increasing opposition to the United States Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ pears that MOBE's violence-prone element Government and the free enterprise capital- tically practicing spiritual and mental 4432 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 genocide on over 1,400 American pris­ tually, but the pity of it all is the great and her husband stopped drinking, too, they oners of war and their families. needless damage which is being wrought in could send their children to Phillips Exeter. How long? the meanwhile. Darlingtonians at this time instead of be­ The extreme to which "minority" crusaders ing divisive and quarrelling among them­ aided by liberal legislators and unthinking selves must show the supreme respect for JUSTICE-DARKLY SEEN and unconcerned Americans have carried this their neighbor's actions and reactions. This business is absurd; it makes a mockery of is no time for boycotts . . . no time for "are Democracy. you with me?" ... no time for vindictive­ HON. JOHN L. McMILLAN Listen to this 1952 statement: "The only ness and anger and hate. UnChristian words thing that we ask for is that the state-im­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA and actions can leave scars which will not posed racial segregation be taken off, and to heal in our lifetime. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leave the county school board, the county Monday, February 23, 1970 people, the district people, to work out their own solution of the problem to assign chil­ UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE SPIRIT Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I insert dren on any reasonable basis they want to STILL BURNS BRIGHTLY in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article assign them on". That, including the poor written by Mr. Morrell L. Thomas Jr., grammar, from Thurgood Marshall arguing publisher of the Darlington News & Press, before the Supreme Court (the bench he now graces) the Clarendon County school case, HON. PAUL J. FANNIN Darlington, S.C., and the Lake City News, which lit the fuse of the bomb which drops OF ARIZONA Lake City, S.C. I consider Mr. Thomas on Darlington County this week. How dia­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES one of the outstanding editors and jour­ metrically opposed to his present day phi­ Monday, February 23, 1970 nalists not only of South Carolina but losophy, subscribed to by a majority of his of the Southern States, and in his edi­ fellow "justices". Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, January torial he has properly explained the ex­ And if you doubt the scales wm be bal­ 22 marked the 52d annive:':'sary of the treme damage to the Darlington County anced eventually, take heart from this pro­ Proclamation of Independence of the public school system caused by a recent nouncement: "Massive school integration is Ukraine after they had been enslaved not going to be attained in this country very court order. soon, in good part because no one is certain for over 260 years. I cannot understand why it is neces­ that it is worth the cost. It creates as many It is usually my custom to call atten­ sary to compel schoolchildren, and espe­ problems as it purports to solve and no one tion to this milestone each year, because cially high school seniors, to change can be sure it would yield to any educational I think it important that we continue schools in the middle of a school term return. There must be a better way to em­ to remember the millions of enslaved when integration was progressing satis­ ploy the material and political resources of people who still live under the iron heel factorily. This one act will prevent a the federal government." This from, not a of Communist dictatorship. number of students, both black and rednecked Southern Senator, but from Pro­ In my State of Arizona, we have some white, from receiving their high school fessor of Law at Yale University, Dr. Alexan­ der Bickel, writing in the very liberal New wonderful citizens of Ukrainian descent. diplomas in June. They had already or­ Republican magazine. Unfortunately, this year I was not able dered their high school rings and their Turn now to the immediate problem fac­ to call attention to the continued en­ high school annuals were in the process ing Darlington County. Like snowflakes, no slavement of their homeland on Janu­ of being printed. No one can criticize two people among the 60,000 of us have ex­ uary 22 as I would have liked to. the people of Darlington County of both actly the same feeling; and all 60,000 are Idosonow. races, for being disturbed over this un­ saying exactly what they think. Thank God We are in continual need to be re­ necessary action on the part of the we still have that much freedom left! minded that the Red flag of commu­ courts. The reaction can be categorized roughly, however, into: 1) those who feel we should nism still has as its never-repudiated Darlington County has always enjoyed integrate calmly and make the best of a goal, the conquest of all other political excellent race relations between black sorry situation, 2) those who demand that and religious ideologies. w . ~ need to rec­ and white people and I have not heard their children be in the school of their ognize and remember the plight of those of any trouble previously. The integra­ choice, court order or no court order, and thousands who would be free of the tion of these schools was an orderly 3) those who will enter their children in a heavy yoke of their totalitarian op­ process. private school. pressors. As a gesture of that remem­ I hope every Member of Congress will We respect the feelings of these groups; brance, I ask unanimous consent to have take time to read this article which pre­ we can appreciate the turmoil of emotions printed in the RECORD a letter from Mr. sents the absolute true facts surround­ at conflict within us all. The only action we cannot condone is open violation of the law, Alexander Bunka, of Tucson, Ariz., ing the Darlington school case. The arti­ stupid and unfair though it be. which details the history of this brave cle follows: It is sad to sit by, seemingly helpless, and people. JUSTICE-DARKLy SEEN see lowered the standards of Darlington's There being no objection, the letter When Thomas Paine wrote "These are the public school system-for many years held was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, times that try men's souls", he could well up as an example to the state. No knowledge­ as follows: have had in mind Darlington County, South able person can deny this will happen. And TuCSON, ARIZ, Carolina in February, one hundred and because of the ill-timing of the court edict January 2, 1970. ninety-four years later. 15,000 inquiring young minds for all prac­ Senator PAUL FANNIN, The unfair edict of the United States Su­ tical purposes will lose a semester of the u.s. Senate, preme Court to integrate Darlington's public guidance and stimulus they need. Our Washington, D.C. schools at this time and in the specified man­ school administrators--and teachers, with DEAR Sm: January 22nd 1970 will mark the ner puts to the supreme test the patriotism few exceptions-are able, dedicated men and fifty second anniversary of the Proclamation of a people who in the past have defended women who will see that the quality of edu­ of Independence of Ukraine, after 260 years America with much fervor. No heinous plot cation is raised as quickly as is humanly of enslavement. It was on this day 52 years of the Kremlin could have more effectively possible. In recent days they have shown the ago that Ukrainians regained independence. rendered asunder the close-knit bond of fel­ stuff of which they are made; they have had The new Republic enjoyed this freedom for lowship which has for years existed between and will continue to have our unqualified a very short time because Russia, Imperial or the homogenous people of this community. support. Communist could not accept the independ­ We have no doubt that Americans through­ We can particularly relate to the come­ ence of the Ukraine which is the breadbasket out the land will rise up and demand an lately supporters of private academies, since of Europe and the gateway to the east and end to this ridiculous forced integration of our children already are attending one. Russia needed both. schools. The nation will use its voice and the There will no doubt be one or two new pri­ The Red army with great force, well ballot box. It will not allow six misguided vate schools in the area by September. This equipped engaged the defenders of the new old men sitting on the Supreme Court to is good . . . good for those who will be able republic in a deadly struggle for survival. force on the country something which no to attend them and good for the public The dedicated and courageous defenders of one-a handful of radicals and misfits to the schools whose lightened burden with the the new republic faced the superior com­ contrary-really wants. We have every con­ same tax dollars rolling in will allow them munist forces, decimated by an epidemic of fidence that within a few years a just Free­ to improve more rapidly than otherwise. typhoid were defeated and forced into exile. dom of Choice plan will be operative in Those who feel they cannot "afford" pri­ Ukrainians today are not asking any nation America's great public school system. What vate schooling for their children should re­ for help to liberate their country, being aware could be fairer than the privilege of sending assess their values. One mother who was be­ that under the present conditions this is not your child to the school of your choice, re­ moaning her lack of financial means ad­ possible, but we do plead for understanding gardless of color or creed; and what could be mitted that if she "stopped smoking" she of the plight of these unfortunate people be­ fairer than allowing a teacher to determine could pay the year's tuition with this sav­ hind the Iron Curtain. where she is to teach? This will develop even- ings. And we didn't tell her, but if she and Ukrainians living in the free world are February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4433 grateful to Congress and the President of the But the tendency to attack the seniority tom of the committee's list with respect to United States for recognizing the rights of principle has not been confined to members the chairmanship, because he was last named the enslaved people to freedom, by enacting of Congress, nor, indeed, to politicians. Stu­ to it. The Committee thought otherwise the Captive Nation Resolution 89-90 which dents of political science regularly excoriate claiming him as its chairman. In resolving enumerates Ukraine as one of the enslaved the rule for theoretical imperfections which the resulting impasse, the House framed a nations dominated by Communist Russia. no method of selection designed by human rule specifying that the first-named mem­ We Ukrainians living in the State of Ari­ beings could conceivably eliminate. Even ber of a committee should be its chairman zona respectfully request you to join us in members of the working press-practical men and that order of appointment should govern commemoration of Ukrainian Independence and women who know their way around succession, "unless the committee, by a Day, that records might be preserved in the Capitol Hill-fall in with this approach. The majority of their number, elect a chair­ Congressional archives and our museums for seniority bugaboo is always good for a couple man." Although the Committee on Claims, posterity. of sticks on a dull Monday; or for a feature availing itself of the last word which the Yours truly, in the Sunday Supplement, predicting what closing clause of the rule gave it, elected ALEXANDER BUNKA. the Hill "leadership" will or will not "per­ Dana chairman, from the time the usage in mit," with the clear implication that the the House, as among American law-making congressional power is too narrowly held bodies generally, has been that the first­ THE SENIORITY RULE IN and dictatorially exercised. named member of a standing committee shall CONGRESS From the tone of some of its critics, one serve as its chairman. would suppose that the seniority principle Appointment of House committee mem­ is firmly entrenched and sanctified by law, bers by the Speaker was under sporadic at­ HON. JACK BROOKS and that little short of a constitutional tack from 1806, when James Sloan of New amendment could dislodge it. Properly Jersey unsuccessfully proposed that com­ OF TEXAS speaking, however, it is not a rule at all, but mittees should be elected by the House, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is rather a custom or convention. Although their chairmen by the committees, until Monday, February 23, 1970 operative in both the Senate and the House 1911, when the House "rebelled" against the for many years, it is embodied in no formal rule of Speaker "Uncle Joe" Cannon, strip­ Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, we again rule of either chamber. And, far from be­ ping him and his successors of the power of are hearing considerable discussion of ing sacrosanct, seniority has been overridden committee appointments. His autocratic pow­ the seniority system in Congress. Un­ by both parties, when circumstances appear er of appointment and the evils attending fortunately, these discussions provide to require. Instances of this include the thereupon should be sufficient reason for ouster of Stephen A. Douglas from the chair­ never reinstating such power in the Speak­ more emotion and rhetoric than enlight­ manship of the Senate Committee on Ter­ er of the House. The House rules have since enment. ritories in 1859, and the removal of Charles provided that initial appointments and per­ This, of course, is not always the case Sun.lner from the chairmanship of the Com­ manent vacancies both in the membership and I commend to my colleagues and mittee on Foreign Relations in 1871. It was and the chairmanship of standing commit­ other interested individuals an article a Democratic caucus that ousted Douglas, a tees shall be made by the House itself. which appeared in the Western Political Republican caucus that removed Sumner. This rule, however, inadequately reflects Quarterly almost a decade ago on March Moreover, the rigor of the seniority rule has the actual pra~tice, for though the House has been modified in the current practice of reserved the prerogative of making appoint­ 1, 1961. The offering, "The Seniority Rule Senate Democrats to allow no senator a sec­ ments, the formal process of election in Congress," is a scholarly assessment ond committee choice until each freshman amounts to little more than the assignment of the seniority system as it affects the shall have received at least one major com­ of newly elected members to committees Congress of the United States. mittee assignment. and the occasional transfer of members from Although it was written some time ago, Recurrent criticisms also create the im­ one committee to another. Even in this, the it is supported by the authority of a man pression that the seniority criterion has two parties tacitly accept each other's des­ who was then a very senior Member and wrested control of legislation from the mem­ ignations of majority and minority members. is now the most senior Member of the bers of Congress and concentrated it in the Actually, the Democrats' new assignments of hands of autocratic committee chairmen, for members to fill vacancies on committees are House of Representatives-the highly the gratification of their personal whims. made by majority vote of the Democratic respected chairman of the Judiciary Yet despite these repeated assertions, no members of the Ways and Means Committee. Committee, EMANUEL CELLER. steps are even taken to change the basic A Republican Committee on Committees, ap­ In order that this timely article by an operation of the system. Like the weather, pointed by the Republican leadership more experienced and highly respected Mem­ much is said, but nothing done about it. or less on a geographical basis, assigns the ber can be read by my colleagues, the Just what role does seniority actually play Republican members to fill vacancies on text follows: in the operation of Congress, and why, if it the House Committees. The House itself then is as unsatisfactory as its critics assert, has confirms all new appointments to fill vacan­ THE SENIORITY RULE IN CONGRESS it not long been abandoned? cies. Beyond this, a member who has stlrved (By Representative EMANUEL CELLER) My thirty-eight years of continuous serv­ on a committee is regarded as entitled to It is a rare session of Congress that does ice in the House of Representatives spent continue to serve on it as long as he keeps not produce its share of proposals to abolish first in acquiring the experience and under­ his seat, and the seniority ladder determines thalt perennial red herring-the so-called standing of legislative work which are im­ the succession to the chairmanship. "seniority rule." This long-standing congres­ plicit in "seniority," and more recently in the In the Senate, standing committees have sional tradition, under which the House and exercise of the responsibilities that go with been appointed in various ways at different the Senate organize their working com­ a committee cha:rmanship, have given me a times: by ballot, by the President of the mittees, has become as popular a target as sin better than average opportunity to observe Senate, by the President pro teu:pore, or by itself. It is intermitte;ntly bombarded by the working of the system. I believe that the the adoption of a full list of names submitted Democrats and by Republicans, by liberals seniority principle, though far from perfect, by the party leaders. and by conservatives, depending largely up­ performs an indispensable function in the During the first thirty-four years (1789- on whose ox is being gored. organization of the Congress, and that the 1823) all Senate committees were appointed I do not entirely understand why this alternatives that have been offered as a cure by ballot, and a plurality of votes determined should be so. True, it is sometimes expedient for its deficiencies would aggravate, rather the choice. According to John Quincy Adams, to explain the defeat of a locally popular than relieve them. it was the prevailing practice of the Senate measure in terrns of the tyranny of a com­ The significance and operation of the rule during this period that "the member having mittee chairman. Also, able and energetic are best appraised against its history which, the greatest number of votes is first named, young men and women who come to Con­ in turn, involves the history of the manner and as such is chairman." gress and find the best seats occupied will of selection of the members of standing From December 9, 1823, until April 15, understandably chafe at the tardiness with committees. The first House of Representa­ 1826, the Presiding Officer appointed the which their talents are recognized and re­ tives operated under a rule which placed the committees. Appointment by ballot was the warded by assignments to coveted posts. appointment of committees of three or less rule from April 15, 1826, to December 24, Thus, a distinguished United States Sena­ in the Speaker, larger committees being 1828. The President pro tempore appointed tor, after two years of service, called the elected by the House. This proved unsatisfac­ the committees of the Senate from December seniority rule a "straitjacket," described it tory, and, at the opening of the second Con­ 24, 1828, to December 9, 1833, at which time as "rigid, inflexible, and unyielding," and gress it was specified that "The Speaker shall the practice of appointment by ballot was urged its discontinuance as "the sole deter­ appoint committees until the House shall resumed. From 1839 to 1845 the President minant of Congressional sovereignty and otherwise determine." By usage, the member pro tempore made the appointments. It was influence" in committee chairmanships and first named to a committee served as its not until the 29th Congress (1845--46) that assignments. An example of the intermittent chairman. the Senate began to approve of lists of com­ assaults upon congressional seniority is the Late in 1804, a vacancy in the House Com­ mittees drawn up by party leaders. Since joint resolution, H.J. Res. 253, of the 86th mittee on Claims was occasioned by the 1846 it has been the traditional practice Congress, which would have rendered sen­ withdrawal from the com.mittee of its chair­ (with occasional exceptions) for the Republi­ ators and representatives who have served man. Samuel W. Dana, of Connecticut, who can and Democratic committees on commit­ twelve years ineligible for re-election for a was appointed "in his stead," maintained tees to draw up slates of committee assign­ two-year period. that this appointment placed him at the bot- ments at the opening ot each new Congress. 4434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970

The procedure of the Senate in the ap­ Appraisal of the American system against criticisms. The first 1s addressed to its al­ pointment of committees is prescribed in a this background must take into account the leged effect upon the functioning of the long-standing rule (Rule XXIV) which reads realities of the legislative process. Neither committees. Here it is contended that the in part as follows: house of Congress could conceivably give de­ capacity to achieve re-election has no nec­ " 1. In the appointment of the standing tailed attention to all the facets of its legis­ essary relation to the qualities ideally em­ committees, the Senate, unless otherwise or­ lative program in regular session. Prelimi­ bodied in a chairman; that under a senior­ dered, shall proceed by ballot to appoint nary consideration of legislative proposals is ity rule the potential contribution of an ex­ severally the chairman of each committee, therefore delegated to standing committees, ceptionally able young legislator is sacrificed and then, by one ballot, the other members which, with the aid of specialized subcom­ to the entrenchment of an aging incumbent necessary to complete the same. A majority mittees, study the bills, conduct investiga­ whose energies may be waning; and that the of the whole number of votes given shall be tions, hear and attempt to reconcile diver­ relative inviolability of the custom operates necessary to the choice of a chairman of a gent needs and views, and finally report a to immunize chairmen against retribution, standing committee, but a plurality of votes measure to he full body. Thereafter the com­ no matter how arbitrary and dictatorial their shall elect the other members thereof. All mittee members perform their individual re­ conduct of office. other committees shall be appointed by bal­ sponsibilities in the ensuing debate. In ad­ Each of these claims has surface plausi­ lot unless otherwise ordered, and a plurality dition, each committee ha,s the task of keep­ bility--and each has been overstated. Al­ of ~otes shall r.ppoint." ing itself informed as to the effectiveness though seniority, alone, does not guarantee For upwards of a century, however, the with which existing laws within its jurisdic­ superior ability, success in effectively serving significant phrase--"unless otherwise or­ tion are being enforced. the state or district remains an indispensable dered"-has usually been invoked; and What is more, legislation destined for ulti­ attribute of the perennially successful can­ unanimous consent has been given to enable mate enactment frequently fails of passage didate for election. The most backward elec­ the majority party to determine the chair­ in the Congress in which it is initially intro­ torate will not indefinitely return a con­ manships of the standing committees. duced. Indeed, it is not unusual for legisla­ gressman who wholly fails to serve its needs. Seniority of committee service has long been tive history of a measure to extend over more Such a man is retired, if not in an elec­ the principal guide in making up the list than two biennia. In such cases, although tion, then in a primary contest. By and of committee chairmanships. Writing in 1938, new bills must be introduced in each new large, the so-called "safe" state or district George H. Hayn::!s, histori'\n of the Senate, re­ Congress, the committee has a virtually con­ is one that has been getting the kind of marked "In the shifting of chairmanships tinuing responsibility for managing, or proc­ representation it wants. And inevitably, the in the past half-century there probably has essing, the legislative issue. affirmative qualities that keep a man in office not been one instance in fifty where the Against this backgrounc!, the rationale of do contribute to his effectiveness as a oom­ caucus Warwicks have failed to place the the seniority principle becomes evident. Over mittee chairman. crown upon this universally recognized the years, manifestly, the effectiveness of a Each of us must some day lay down his 'heir apparent.' So assured is such an un­ committee will bear a direct relationship to burdens, but nature has not uniformly de­ challenged succession that voters are often the stability of its personnel. If the legisla­ creed when this must be. Some men remain exhorted to consider it as a main reason for tive committees were to be reshuffi.ed after vigorous and effective in their eighties; others re-electing a Senator of great expectations." each election-beyond what is necessitated may fail at fifty. As stated by Gross in The The salient and long-established features by the retirement of members and the arrival Legislative Struggle: of the committee system in the American of new ones-all issues pending unresolved "The seniority system has often been mis­ Congress are thus seen to include length of in the House, and to a lesser degree those takenly attacked on the ground that it puts uninterrupted tenure as the traditional de­ pending in the Senate would require consid­ too much power in the hands of old men eration de novo. The time and effort neces­ terminant of choice in committee assign­ This argument misses the real implicatio~ ment, length of uninterrupted committee sarily expended by committee members in of the seniority system. Age alone does not service as the rule of succession to a chair­ familiarizing themselves with the nature of cause diminution of menta.! vigor alertness the committee's work, the intricacies of its manship, and minority party representation and leadership ability. Nor does it 'mean that problems, and the identity anc character of on committees roughly proportional to mi­ a man becomes more conservative. Some of nority strength in the chamber. It may be interested parties would indeed be lost. What the outstanding liberals in Congress have noted that the bipartisan character of the has been said of the members applies with peculiar force to the committee's chairman. been. old men who have fought valiantly committees was challenged by President Wil­ desp1te the other handicaps of age." son as weakening party responsibility-a po­ Upon the chairman rests the administrative responsibility for the committee's program I am reminded of Longfellow in "Morituri sition reminiscent of Jefferson's asserted be­ Salutamus": lief that only members in favor of a measure and for the functioning of the subcommit­ shoud be assigned to work on the commit­ tees. He supervises the professiond.l staff. "But why, you ask me, should this tale be tee charged with responsibility for ·its prog­ Continued availability Of the chairman's ac­ told ress. cumulated expertness, experience, and pres­ To men grown old, or who are growing old? With respect to the designation of mem­ tige is a central factor in a committee's ef­ It is too late! Ah, nothing is too late bers to committees, moreover, John Quincy fectiveness. Interruption of his tenure, other Till the tired heart shall cease to palpitate. Adams believed that this should be by lot, than is necessitated when the control of the Cato learned Greek at eighty; Sophocles a method which has not found favor in the Chamber passes from one political party to Wrote his grand Oedipus, and Simonides United States or in Commonwealth coun­ the other, would needlessly impair the ef­ Bore off the prize of verse from his compeers, tries but which is operative today in anum­ ficiency of the committee's vperations. When each had numbered more than four- ber of Western European parliaments, no­ Fundamentally, the seniority system avoids score years, tably those of France, Belgium, the Nether­ the waste implicit in instability of commit­ And Theophrastus, at fourscore and ten, lands, and Italy. tee composition and management. It invokes Had but begun his "Characters of Men." As concerns the method of designating the presumption that, other things beng Chaucer, at Woodstock with the nightin- chaifmen of standing committees, foreign equal, the man or woman with the greatest gales, countries today fall into two principal cate­ experience in a particular job is best fitted At sixty wrote the Canterbury Tales; gories. The parliamentary organization and to participate and to lead in its performance. Goethe at Weimer, toiling to the last, practice of the seventeen countries that To quote Luce, in his work on legislative pro­ Completed Faust when eighty years were compose the British Commonwealth are cedure, "Whatever the activity, we all know past." modeled on that of the Mother of Parlia­ that experience counts for more than any­ thing else, and promotion by seniority is Public servants with long tenure should ments-the English House of Commons, be able to retire with a measure of security, where the practice appears to be for the nothing but the recognition Of this.'' Since a senior congressman is more experienced than and recent amendments of the retirement Speaker to appoint the chairmen of stand­ system make this increasingly possible for ing committees. his junior, and since all congressmen aspire to posts of influence, choice of committee members of Congress. But most men know Elsewhere among the fifty-seven parlia­ when they have had enough and I fear that ment s that are members of the Interparlia­ assignments may safely be left to seniority. Within a committee, similarly, since effec­ by imposing compulsory retirement of com­ mentary Union, the general practice is for mittee chairmen upon the attainment of any t he chairmen of committees to be elected tiveness is presumptively related to length of uninterrupted service, the seniority lad­ particular age we would as often lose as gain by the committees themselves. A curious de­ in terms of the vigor and capacity of the parture is found in the Bundestag where der properly defines the succession to the chairmanship. successor. With respect, also, to the criticism chairmen of committees are allotted propor­ that able young legislators with special skills tionally among the parties. The number of The seniority criterion for selecting com­ must today go too long without appropriate chairmen of committees allotted to a par­ mittee chairmen ha~ the added virtue of outlet for their talents, it is noteworthy that being objective. It automatically eliminates liamentary party corresponds to the num­ 1L~reas1ng use of subcommittees, as well as ber of members of the different parliamen­ the intrigues, deals, and compromises that select committees, are enabling greater utili­ tary parties. Chairmen of different commit­ characterize election campaigns. By the same zation of such members in chairmanships. tees are nominated by parliamentary parties token, committees are able to get down to By far the most serious of this group of on the basis of agreement between the par­ work immediately, without having first to criticisms is that which implies arbitrary, ties. The chairman is then formally elected bind the wounds of disappointed aspirants one-man rule of committees. It is true that in committee. Up to the present, the chair­ to leadership. the prerogative of calling meetings and the men proposed by the parliamentary parties To counter these salient advantages, op­ control of agendas gives some chairmen wide have always been elected. ponents of the system offer two principal powers, sometimes amounting to the prac- February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4435 tical equivalent of a veto. But it would be a academic, however, unless some satisfactory parents to serve as social leavening; to mistake to attribute this to the seniority substitute for the existing rule can be found. transport human beings from one end of system. Seniority does no more than desig­ It is my conviction that the reason why nate the chairman; it does not write the the seniority principle has not long been the county to another to provide others committee's rules of procedures, nor does it abandoned lies not only in its demonstrable with academic fellowship; to yoke to­ prescribe despotism in the conduct of the advantages but also in the difficulties that gether those of unequal learning readi­ committee'c; affairs. Recent years have seen beset alternative proposals. I know of no ness, ability, and cultural background in an increasing incidence of well-developed substitute for the present system whose dis­ the faint hope of benefiting one at the rules of procedure for the governance of advantages would not outweigh it s benefits. almost certain expense of the other; to committee business. It is always possible for Proposals to require chairmen to step down punish some to pamper others; to set the t he members of a committee to outvote its at a specified age, or after a specified period stage for disorder and educational chaos chairman. That this happens from time to o~ service, and to rotate chairmanships t ime is wholesome. That it does not happen among committee members having a speci­ as an atonement for past real or faniced more often is as reasonably attributable to fied period of service would destroy con­ wrongs; to use educational institutions t he respect and confidence wit h which the tinuity wit hout necessarily producing more as factories for social experiment and members regard their chairman as to any capable leadership. Proposals to elect chair­ reform; to deny the rights of many to sinister implication of dictatorship. I believe men in party caucuses would additionally grants a license to a few; is measureless that the charge of dictatorship is often an give rise to campaigning with its at tendant folly. attempt to saddle the chairman with sole evils-again without any real assurance of responsibility for the committee majority's the election of the best fitted candidate. Re­ unwillingness to act. sort to secret ballot would slightly, but not As Luce puts it: "Somebody must lead. wholly obviate this objection. The practice "SIMPLIFIED" INCOME TAX FORM If it is not the strong, it will be the weak. of foreign parliaments in which chairmen If it is not the experienced, it will be the are predominantly elected by commit tee inexperienced. Otherwise, chaos." Under any members may be appropriate in sit u ations in HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD method of selection, the chairman will re­ which the members are themselves select ed OF MISSOURI main the committee's most powerful mem­ by lot. Such a system, however, makes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ber. The cure for despotism, where it may knowledge or interest on the part of t he still exist, is not to deprive the committee of committee members improbable. In systems Monday, February 23, 1970 the services of its most seasoned member, but like our own in which a premium h as al­ Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, a few days to insist on democratic procedures. In this ways been placed on continuit y, election by way, the committee itself can guarantee that commit tee members would be subject to all ago, I received a masterpiece of a letter the chairman will act as a guide and leader, the infirmities of election by ca ucus. Ap­ from Dr. Edward J. Griffith of 800 North responsive to the will of the majority, and pointment by the Speaker would generate Lindbergh Boulevard in St. Louis, Mo. not as a dictator. inordinate pressures upon him from wit hin With Dr. Griffith's permission I have The other major objection that has been and without Congress and would inordi­ shared that letter of February 8, 1970, leveled at the seniority system is that it nately enlarge his power over legislat ion. I with my colleagues. concentrates the power implicit in chairman­ doubt whether the present Speaker would In this time of tribulation when mil­ ships in congressmen from so-called one­ want such power. None .of these alternatives lions of Americans are attempting to party states and districts, at the expense of would go to the real heart of the problem­ areas whose political complexion is mixed. the evolution of committee procedures t hat comply with their civic duty to file their It is further asserted that t he prestige and will guarantee democratic functioning. income tax reports on earnings for the influence of a high-seniority congressman I suspect that we shall continue to follow past year, I must compliment a citizen becomes a political nsset in warding off as­ the custom of respecting seniority in t he who retains his sense of humor even un­ saults upon his tenure, thus further en­ selection of congressional committee chair­ der duress and then has the ability to trenching him in office. Here, again, some men, not because it is perfect, but because let that inimitable humor shine through truth and some exaggeration are encoun­ it is better than any other method that has even in a letter of protest. tered. yet been proposed. And we could do much Let me say, I agree with Dr. Griffith In a Democratic Congress, like the present worse, for, to paraphrase Speaker Rayburn, one, the argument is usually illustrat ed by the rules of both Houses of Congress are 100 percent, and it is in fullest apprecia­ pointing to the preponderance of southern­ such that a determined majority can always tion of his wit and sympathy with his ers, traditionally more conservative than work its will. views that I share his puckish wit: northern and western Democrats, at the FEBRUARY 8, 1970. helms of the committees. It is true that of Hon. RICHARD H. !cHORD, 36 standing committees in the House and TO DENY THE RIGHTS OF MANY TO House Office Building, the Senate, 21 are headed by men from the Washington, D .C . South. On the other hand, many important GRANT A LICENSE TO A FEW IS DEAR MR. !cHORD: Help! Help! Help! Help! chairmanships are in the hands of northern­ MEASURELESS FOLLY Help! Help! It is a hard time of year Mr. ers and westerners. Indeed, the dean at this !chord. The winter has been cold. The chil­ writing among Senate Democrats, in his dren have colds. The wife has cabin fever. eighties, is the exceptionally able Senator HON. JACK BRINKLEY The dog is in heat. The car won't run well. Carl Hayden, chairman of the Committee OF GEORGIA The heat bill is excessive. My boss doesn't on Appropriations, who speaks for Arizona. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES feel well. The house payment just came due. So, too, the states of Nevada, Washington, I have a headache and the Congress of the New Mexico, and Missouri, none of them Monday, February 23, 1970 United States has "simplified" the income classed as southern, are represented among Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, a poign­ t ax forms. I consider myself to be a con­ Senate committee chairmanships. servative but this morning I feel like join­ In the House, likewise, the important Com­ ant petition has been sent to me by the ing the Youth Rebellion. No wonder they mittees on Appropriations, Banking and Gordon, Ga., Jaycees, together with an are rebelling. If these t ax forms get any Currency, Education and Labor, Foreign Af­ inch-thick compilation of copies signed more "simple", God Himself will be un­ fairs, Government Operations, Interior and by other concerned citizens. able to understand them. This assumes of Insular Affairs, Judiciary, Public Works, and The communication reads as follows: course that He is not already in trouble On-American Activities, are chaired by men Because I believe that every man who lives with the IRS. from non-southern states, including New Now let me make myself complet ely clear York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Ken­ under the flag of the United States of Amer­ ica is entitled by the Constitution of this to you. I do not object to pa ying taxes. I tucky, and Colorado. And four of the six consider the moneys paid in taxes the great ­ House committee chairmen having the great­ land to live according to the laws and free­ doms contained therein, I cannot condone est single bargain I get each year. I can est length of uninterrupted service are from see the beautiful highways, the wonder­ n on-southern states. Numerous northerners the recent court action depriving me of my freedom of choice to send my children to t he ful schools, the fire and police protection are also chairmen of powerful subcommit­ and on and on. No, I do not object to tees. school in my county or community that I so paying taxes. No, I do not feel that the desire. Therefore, I urge you as a representa­ Withal, it cannot be denied that the se­ t ax rate is unjust. I pay a reasonable tax niority system produces some disproportion tive of the people to initiate legislation t hat load. And oh yes, no one has ever caused in the distribution of committee chairman­ will restore freedom of choice in our public school systems. me trouble about my tax forms. I am an ships. Whether this justifies abandonment honest man and I file as honest a tax form of the rule raises the question whether the I am amending the address to specifi­ as I am capable of filing. In fact in order one-party districts can properly be penalized, cally include the Congress of the United to be sure that I do not have to waste simply for being able to make up their time with long audits and trips to the tax minds, by being deprived of the fruits that States and file herewith the same with office I usually calculate my taxes slightly normally accrue from the acquisition of ex­ the Clerk of the House of Representa­ to the government's credit. perience and expertness by their representa­ tives. Mr. !chord I am not an uneducated man. tives. Such considerations tend to become To draft other children from unwilling My title at Monsanto is Advanced Scientist. 4436 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 I have earned the B.S., the M.S. and the marks an article from the Washington "By the time he finishes his rounds of Ph.D. degrees. I am the editor of many books Post of February 5 which outlines there­ government offices, banks, and technical as­ dealing with the chemistry of phosphorus. sistance companies, the enthusiasm he had I am currently editing a book dealing with sults of the Mayor's study. The article follows: for the business has dwindled. Thus, if he pollution. I understand Thermodynamics. I finally gets the money ... it is doubtful that understand Chemical Kinetics. I understand SURVEY SHOWS 1 IN 7 PLAN RELOCATION: he will ultimately succeed." Quantum Mechanics. I can use an IBM com­ DISTRICT FmMS DISCOURAGED puter. I understand mathematics and I have (By Robert J. Samuelson) a speaking knowledge of many other sci­ FEDERAL JUDGE HENRY N. GRAVEN ences. But Mr. !chord I cannot understand Washington businessmen are so discour­ that damned tax form. How any group of aged about the future that many--one out men could expect the average person in the of seven-plan to close down and relocate in HON. H. R. GROSS United States to understand that tax form the suburbs. Almost none envision expand­ is beyond me. There just must be a more ing their operations in the city. OF IOWA equitable method of collecting taxes. That is the principal finding of a new sur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vey of local businessmen by the Mayor's Eco­ Today we are not only taxing a man's prop­ Monday, February 23, 1970 erty we are taxing his head. It cannot be nomic Development Committee. For the sur­ just to tax a man in a manner in which vey MEDCO selected 100 businessmen at Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, death has he cannot understand. I am given no credit random from each of the city's quadrants. eliminated from the courts of this coun­ for the time and effort which goes into The respondents, about 70 per cent of whom are white, complained that the rising try Federal Judge Henry N. Graven, of filling out those forms. I resent the fact Greene, Iowa, one of the great judges that vast enterprises as H and R Block exist crime rate and their inability to find ade­ because congress has over taxed the heads quate insurance protection threaten the sur­ of all time. of our people. Our country was founded on vival of their stores. Judge Graven served for nearly 20 the cry, "Taxation without Representation". POOR INSURANCE years as the U.S. District Judge for the Today the cry is becoming, "Taxation with­ Sixty-one per cent reported that they had Northern District of Iowa. Retiring in out Comprehension". either "poor" insurance coverage or none at 1961, he served thereafter as a senior Mr. !chord, I have agreed with most of all. And some owners with policies are appar­ Federal judge on roving assignment the ideas you have proposed since you have ently afraid to report losses. throughout the Nation. It was in that represented us. I split a ticket to vote for "If you file a claim for anything, they (the capacity that he was presiding in a Fed­ you. I have great respect for you. Let's get insurance companies) drop you, so you can't eral court case in San Antonio, Tex., something started to remove the unjust load afford to file a claim," one man is quoted as of these crazy tax forms from our people. saying. when he was suddenly stricken and died. Let's change it even if we must completely A majority of the businessmen (64 per Judge Graven had the unchallenged do away with the old laws and start over. cent) felt that police protection was "fair"­ reputation of being one of the hardest There is a growing rebellion, Mr. !chord. none thought it was "good"-but the re­ working members of the Federal ju­ Most of the people I know are as bitter as mainder classified public security for their diciary, and it was often said those who I am. I repeat: stores as "poor" (12 per cent) or "nonexist­ observed closely the workings of the Help! Help! Help! Help! help! help!. . . . ent" (24 per cent). Sincerely, Federal courts that there would be no Facing these problems, most businessmen if EDWARD J. GRIFFITH. predicted a "bleak" future. backlog of cases there were more ju­ "We found little desire to expand. In fact rists of the energy and drive of this man. one out of seven businessmen we contacted He was also a "no-nonsense judge,'' and INSURANCE PRACTICES THREATEN wanted to close down, relocate or simply stop there has been speculation in recent FUTURE OF WASHINGTON BUSI­ doing business in the city," the study said. months as to what would have trans­ NESSMEN Most local businessmen surveyed felt that pired had he been assigned to preside at prosperity has bypassed them, and that most the trial of certain of the hippies and increases in sales volume occur in the sub­ yippies. HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO urbs. Available statistics cooroborate this impression: in November, for example, the Mr. Speaker, the following editorial OF ll.LINOIS downtown D.C. department stores suffered from the February 10 is use of the Mason IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sales declines of 10 per cent over the same City, Iowa, Globe-Gazette is an excel­ month in 1968, but the surburban depart­ lent and well deserved tribute to this Monday, February 23, 1970 ment stores held even. great jurist: Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, a recent Even in black neighborhoods, the study A GREAT JUDGE Is GONE said, most buyers can afford to shop selec­ survey by the Mayor's Economic Develop­ Death has taken unexpectedly one of North ment Committee of 100 random busi- · tively-and do, by going to the suburbs. Shoppers are becoming more sophisticated, Iowa's finest minds and hardest workers. nessmen in Washington, D.C., showed credit availabllity is expanding, and Negro Henry N. Graven spent practically all of that many businessmen are worried families are increasingly mobile, the survey his adult working life in public service, about the inability to obtain insurance said. first as counsel to the Iowa State Highway Commission, then as judge for the 12th ju­ or the high rates for this insurance and MINORITY MARKET dicial district, next as judge of the U.S. Dis­ that unless the problem is solved, these "Suburban competitors keenly sense the trict for Northern Iowa and finally as a senior businessmen may close their doors in sophistication of the District's essentially federal judge on assignment throughout the the District of Columbia. minority market and meet its needs in the country. The survey further shows that one of suburbs," according to the study. No lawyer who participated in a trial be­ seven businessmen is planning relocation, As a result, the report suggested that new fore Judge Graven will ever forget him. His many to the suburbs where they feel will black businessmen should consider suburban diligence in pursuing the study of law be free of the problems that face them locations as well as inner city sites for their throughout life was a source of wonder to stores. "The view of blacks selllng to blacks many. in the city. is absurd and the whole concept of a sepa­ Seven of Iowa's foremost attorneys con­ Mr. Speaker, Washington, D.C., as well rate market is invalid," the reports said. ceded in open court after a seven-month as the other cities of the United States The study was motivated, in part, to deter­ trial of a multimillion dollar lawsuit that cannot afford to lose businessmen. Some­ mine whether the expansion plans of District the judge was in better command of the law thing must be done to make certain that business firms were being frustrated in their involved than any of them. they do not flee to the suburbs. One of expansion plans by a lack of capital. (The During the trial, which involved hundreds the answers is to provide for Government conclusion: they weren't.) of financial exhibits and also hundreds of Another reason was to prepare for one or pages of depositions, attorneys of the two insurance of crime losses in instances two Washington "leased department sides frequently disagreed heatedly over pre­ where private business will not accept the stores"-large shopping centers which ceding testimony. Their arguments invari­ risk. MEDCO :plans to sponsor. MEDCO would ably were interrupted by Judge Graven's I introduced, during the first session, lease various businesses within the center to quiet: two measures to accomplish such a pur­ individual owners in an effort (a) to provide "Gentlemen, gentlemen! You will find that pose and these measures have been co­ shopping variety to compete with the sub­ on Page 203 of the second Denver deposi­ sponsored by some 10 Members of this urbs and (b) to offer a central source of fi­ tion," or a like remark, after he had thumbed nancial and management help to the indi­ through his private card file. body. It is my hope that this legislation vidual owners, many of whom would be The judge enjoyed visiting in chambers can be enacted before the end of the black. with his many friends, but his courtroom 9lst Congress to provide some relief for Any new businessman today, the report was a model of decorum. He tolerated no inner-city businessmen. said, faces an exasperating time in starting a horseplay or diversion by attorneys and was Mr. Speaker, I am including in my re- new firm: jealous of the time of his jurors. If a trial February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4437 could be finished by holding an evening ses­ SOLVING CRIME PROBLEM IS NOT ghetto, and the whole question of relations sion, the court worked. GOING TO BE EASY between the bla~k and white communities­ It was more than just a joke when, as the of welfare, education and employment and story goes, a lawyer was told that court housing-must be explored. would convene at 7 o'clock and he asked: HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER A bitter, divided society isn't likely to be a "A.M. or P.M.?" It could have been either. law-abiding one. Upgrading the police is an Despite his diligence in the study of law, OF KANSAS immediate step that should be taken, but it he found time also for community and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES won't erase crime. church activities, particularly the latter. Monday, February 23, 1970 There are no easy ways to solve the crime No lawyer will laugh at the suggestion that problem, and it a disservice to the people Judge Graven could have graced the U.S. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, under to pretend that there are. Supreme Court. He was a great judge and a leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ It will take a great deal of patience, money fine man. ORD, I include the following editorial from and leadership to make this country safe the Wichita, Kans., Eagle and Beacon again. which realistically discusses the crime A PROPHETIC STATESMAN problen:. across the Nation and the ac­ tions necessary to resolve the problem. NONCONFRONTATION, THE Many of us certainly agree with the con­ NEWEST DREAM HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT clusion that it will take patience, money, OF VIRGINIA and leadership to make our country safe HON. JOHN R. RARICK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES again, and it is to be hoped that the Con­ OF LOUISIANA Monday, February 23, 1970 gress will exert some of that leadership IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by moving ahead on the administration's Mr. SCOTT. Mr. Speaker, inasmuch as anticrime proposals. The editorial fol­ Monday, February 23, 1970 the House is meeting today for the pur­ lows: pose of hearing the Farewell Address Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ of our first President, it seems appro­ SOLVING CRIME PROBLEM ISN'T GOING To BE dent has outlined to us what he himself EASY terms an unprecedented blueprint for a priate to insert in the RECORD an edi­ Crime in the streets has become a universal foreign policy for the 1970's. He says the torial entitled "A Prophetic Statesman" American problem. basis of this policy is negotiation, not which appeared last week in the Tide­ Strong measures are being taken to curb confrontation. There is only one thing water Weeklies, a group of newspapers crime in the nation's capital, and for good wrong with this; the Soviet rulers have serving the arfta where Washington was reason. Reported crime in Washington jumped 26 per cent over a year earlier, com­ not got the word. born and lived as a young man. They are confronting us with rockets, The editorial is set forth in full below pared with an average national increase of for the information of my colleagues. 11 per cent. tanks, howitzers, aircraft, and even per­ Kansas has not escaped, nor has Wichita. sonnel described as advisers, in Vietnam. A PROPHETIC STATESMAN A recent rash of home burglaries was the They are confronting us so hard there George Washington not only provided worst in years here, and two assaults in two that they are killing Americans daily. superb leadership to make our embryonic days near Wichita State University have They are confronting us in Cuba, re­ republic work, but guidelines which are still brought about a beefing up of police security timely and sound. This is particularly true in the area. cently visited by the Chief of Staff of the of his Farewell Address which he used to give Why the increase in crime in this affiuent Red army. They are confronting us off advice for the future. This future still has not society? There are many theories. Some think the east and west coasts of the United been fully realized and many of his words it is part of a general breakdown in respect States, off Alaska, and off Hawaii, with can serve as a challenge today. for authority. their subma-rines, trawlers, and elec­ For example, in administering the affairs For example, a group of students at Topeka tronic intelligence vessels. of the new government of the United States High School is so concerned that a complaint They are confronting us in the Middle he urged "efficient management" with "as has been filed with members of the Shawnee East with major units of the Soviet much vigor as is consistent with the perfect County legislative delegation. Two girls who security of liberty." He said, "Liberty itself attend the school told the legislators they Navy, including surface vessels as well as will find in such a government, with powers sometimes are afraid to walk the halls at undersea vessels, and they have recently properly distributed and adjusted, its surest the school. rushed additional military weapons by guardian." Most of Washington is afraid of crime, and plane to Egypt and to Syria. They have He valued religion highly, saying, "It is the Wall Street Journal recently reported not rejected, but have simply ignored substantially true that virtue or morality is that fear has changed the way of llfe of resi­ the pleas of the President and of his a necessary spring of popular government." dents of the nation's capital and its en­ Secretary of State for cooperation in Our first President also emphasized the need virons, atfecting everyone from cab drivers settling the Middle East problem. They for education when he said that, "In propor­ to senators. tion as the structure of a government gives The premise of the Nixon adminstration prefer confrontation. force to public opinion, it is essential that and a majority of the Congress is that "un­ They are confronting us with Nigeria, public opinion should be enlightened." shackling" the police and prosecutors will which preferred the Russian Commu­ He also saw the need for government econ­ alleviate the appalling crime problem. That nists to us, after our weird hijinks in omy, expressing his opinion that public credit is the justification for cutting into the es­ Biafra. should be cherished as an important source tablished rights of defendants. They are confronting us with air of strength and security. "One method of pre­ There is talk of undoing many of the Su­ power poised on their airfields in Siberia serving it," he said, "is to use it as sparingly preme Court decisions which police and many as possible, avoiding occasions of expense by prosecutors believe have shackled the law across the Bering Straits from Alaska. cultivating peace, but remembering also that enforcers. Restraints on confessions, for ex­ They are confronting us across the North timely disbursements to prepare for danger ample, are bitterly attacked. Pole with missiles. frequently prevent much greater disburse­ But as Prof. James Vorenberg of the Har­ Even more than this, they are con­ ments to repeal it." vard Law School and director of the Presi­ fronting us with the United States on When he talked about the need for patri­ dent's Crime Commission, points out, only a the streets, in the courts, and in their otism he showed both eloquence and wisdom: tenth to a third of all crimes committed are attempts to destroy the moral fiber of "Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common actually reported to police. country, that country has a right to concen­ There are arrests in only a fourth of those our citizens through dissemination of trate your affections. The name of American, reported, and confessions are essential to Chinese and Cuban dope, pornography, which belongs to you in your national ca­ resolution of only a tiny pohion of those. and salacious literature intended to de­ pacity, must always exalt the just pride of Other attacks on indiVidual rights in the base our youth. patriotism more than any appellation de­ name of law and order include wire tapping The President, himself, made clear in rived from local discrimination. With slight and reducing the protection of the Fifth his state of the world message this week shades of difference, you have the same re­ Amendment. to the Congress, that the United States ligion, manners, habits, and political prin­ Real progress goes deeper. The root causes can no longer dictate what happens in ciples. You have in a common cause fought of crime must be found. the world. I have one simple question: and triumphed together; the independence This will take a penal system with some and liberty you possess are the work of joint hope Of rehabilitating prisoners. Criminal "What makes President Nixon think he counsels, and joint efforts of common da.n­ cases must be tried swiftly and appeals taken can end the Soviet policy of confronta­ gers, sutferings, and successes." care of rapidly so that conviction is a present tion by his unilateral fiat?" Truly his words retain their validity as we threat. I fear that we can safely call his for­ seek answers to the problems of our day. Police must regain the confidence of the eign policy for the 1970's a dream policy. CXVI--279-Part 4 4438 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb1·uary 23, 1970 We must awaken. We must deal with Whereas, his long years of civic service to Mississippi State Advisory Committee on the true state of the world, with the Jackson Qounty and the State of Mississippi :Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Selec­ cold, hard facts as they are-not as we will be greatly missed in the years to come. tive Service System Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Board National Association for Professional En­ wish them to be. of Supervisors of Jackson County, Missis­ gineers. As it is with men, so it is with nations; sippi, that this Board does hereby commend Society of American Military Engineering the loss of contact with reality is one of Mr. Earl Hammett for his many years of (Mr. Guerard having served as a Marine the sure signs of insanity. service given to the people of Jackson County Corps officer in World War II in the Pacific and the State of Mississippi, during the Theater). thirty (30) years in which he was associated and, with The Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation, Whereas, in December 1969, Mr. Guerard EARL R. HAMMETT AND ALBERT S. a Division of Litton Industries. was honored by a dinner sponsored by the GUERARD, JR., HONORED Be it further resolved that this Board wish Pascagoula-Moss Point Chamber of Com­ Mr. Earl Hammett well during his retirement merce; and, for many years to come. Whereas, his civic service to Jackson HON. WILLIAM M. COLMER The adoption of the above Resolution was County and the State of Mississippi will be motioned, seconded and unanimously greatly missed in the years to come since OF MISSISSIPPI adopted by the Board of Supervisors of Jack­ Mr. Guerard will be leaving this area and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son County, Mississippi, on this the 6th day traveling before going to his new home in of January, A.D., 1970. Monday, February 23, 1970 Pebble Beach, California. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Board Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, Pasca­ JACKSON CouNTY, Miss., of Supervisors of Jackson County, Missis­ goula, Miss., as well as the whole State EDWARD A. KHAYAT, sippi, that this Board does hereby commend of Mississippi is a better place to live and President. Mr. AlbertS. Guerard, Jr., for his many serv­ work today because of the contributions OLIN H. DAVIS, ices given to the people of Jackson County Vice P1·esident. and the State of Mississippi during the time of two outstanding citizens, who retired LUM R. CUMBEST. of his living in Pascagoula and being mana­ recently. Mr. Earl R. Hammett, senior J. C. MAY. ger of the Standard Oil Refinery. vice president of Ingalls Shipbuilding W. ·r. ROBERTS. Be it further resolved that this Board Corp., a division of Litton Industries, and Attest: wishes Mr Guerard well during his retire­ Mr. Albert S. Guerard, Jr., manager of WILBUR G. DEES, ment for many years to come. the Standard Oil Co.'s refinery at Pasca­ Clerk. The adoption of the above resolution was goula, Miss., have made outstanding con­ motioned, seconded and unanimously tributions to the community and State as RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS adopted by the Board of Supervisors of Jack­ OF JACKSON COUNTY, MISS., COMMENDING son County, Mississippi, on this the 6th day business and civic leaders. MR. ALBERT S. GUERARD, JR., FOR SERVICES of January, 1970. Because of their contributions and RENDERED TO JACKSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF JACKSON splendid service to our country and our COUNTY, MISS. Whereas, in 1962 Mr. Albert S. Guerard, State, I am inserting in the RECORD the Jr., came to Pascagoula, Mississippi, as Refin­ EDWARD A. KHAYAT, President. OLIN H. DAVIs, Vice President. following resolutions adopted by the ery Manager for the Standard Oil Company, Jackson County, Miss. Board of Super­ LUM CUMBEST. Pascagoula Refinery, which was a new oil re­ J. C MAY. visors commending them: finery located in the Bayou Casette indus­ W. T. ROBERTS. RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF trial area in Jackson County, Mississippi; Attest: WILBUR G. DEES, Clerk. JACKSON COUNTY, MISS., COMMENDING MR. and, EARL R. HAMMETT FOR SERVICES RENDERED Where as, Mr. Guerard, who was educated TO JACKSON COUNTY in Asheville, North Carolina, and who re­ BILL O'MALLEY: A MAN OF FAITH Whereas, -in 1939, Mr. Earl R. Hammett ceived his BS in Mechanical Engineering came to Pascagoula, Mississippi, to assist in from the University of California, announced the organization of The Ingalls Shipbuilding his retirement from Standard Oil Company HON. WM. J. RANDALL Corporation and continued as Assistant to as of December 31, 1969; and, the President until 1942, during which pe­ Whereas, during the short time he was in OF MISSOURI riod of time he was responsible for Indus­ Mississippi, he was an outstanding civic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leader, having held and served in the follow­ trial and Cost Engineering, Material Control, Monday, Februa1·y 23, 1970 Estimating, Production Control and Yard Ac­ ing positions, to-wit: counting; and 1. The first Chairman of the Mississippi Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, when a Whereas, since 1942 through 1969, he held Air and Water Pollution Control Commis­ prominent constituent who has been an positions of Controller, Assistant Vice-Pres­ sion. outstanding leader in his field passes on ident and Production Manager, and Vice­ 2. Former Chairman of the Engineering to his reward, his Member of Congress President, and in 1968 was elected Senior Advisory Committee of Mississippi State Uni­ Vice-President, in which position he was versity. must try to evaluate whether the responsible to the President for the overall 3. Past President of Pine Burr Area Coun­ memory of the departed should be per­ organization and management of shipyard cil, Boy Scouts of America in which work petuated by recognition in the CoNGRES­ operations, and he is now a member of In­ Mr. Guerard received in 1966 the coveted Sil­ sioNAL RECORD. Many times in the past galls Senior Policy and Review Board and is ver Beaver award which is the highest award I have reached a decision against such also engaged in company forward planning a local Council can bestow upon an adult recognition. In a recent instance, how­ and expansion and public affairs; and scouter and which is awarded for note­ ever, I am justified to share with my Whereas, Mr. Hammett who was born in worthy service to boyhood, and in which colleagues and all the readers of the Laurel, Mississippi, and who received his B.S. work, in 1969, he received in behalf of the Degree from Samford University in Birming­ National Court of Honor the "Distinguished RECORD an editorial prepared by Meyer L. ham, Alabama in 1928, announced his retire­ Eagle Award", that is authorized by the Na­ Goldman, publisher of the Kansas City ment from The Ingalls Shipbuilding Corpo­ tional Council based upon a person being an Labor Beacon, in which he so aptly de­ ration, a Division of Litton Industries as of Eagle Scout as a boy and having distin­ scribes William T. O'Malley of Kansas December 31, 1969; and guished himself for 25 years or more in City, Mo., as a man of faith. Whereas, during the thirty {30) years from outstanding service in his profession of serv­ In these days when emphasis is placed 1939 through 1969, while living in Pasca­ ice to his country. upon the poverty program as a Federal goula, Mississippi, he was an outstanding 4. Former Vice President of the Mississippi leader in civic affairs, having held business Manufacturers Association. project to help the poor, we all too fre­ and professional membership in the follow­ 5. Past President of the United Fund of quently orn.it and neglect to· recognize ing: Society of Naval Architects and Marine Jackson County, Mississippi. and commend those who on their own Engineers; Navy League; American Welding 6. Former Director and Member of the without any desire for praise or applause Society; National Security Industrial Asso­ Executive Committee of the Mississippi Eco­ proceeded with unpublished efforts in ciation; National Association of Manufac­ nomic Council. behalf of the unfortunate and the needy turers; President: Mississippi Manufacturers 7. Past President of the Pascagoula-Moss in his midst. As the editorial so appro­ Association; Director: Merchants and Marine Point Chamber of Commerce. ·priately points out, all during Bill O'Mal­ Bank, Pascagoula, Mississippi; and Mississippi 8. Past Treasurer of Gulf Pines Council, Research and Development Council (Execu­ Girl Scouts of America. ley's life, his heart was open to any tive Committee); and 9. Director of Gulf Coast Symphony Or- person who needed help. Because he Whereas, in December, 1969, Mr. Hammett chestra. Association. worked on, in spite of rebuffs and set­ was honored by a dinner, sponsored by the 10. Member of the following organizations: backs, to better the condition of the Pascagoula-Moss Point Chamber of Com­ Mississippi State Council on Arts. poor-he was truly a man of faith. merce; and Mississippi Newcomen Society. The editorial follows: February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4439

BILL O'MALLEY: MAN OF FAITH Even some confused folks on Social Secu­ INSURANCE COMPANY APATHY REA­ William T. O'Malley lived his faith for rity have been scared and upset that some­ SON FOR FEDERAL REGULATION more than four score years. And his life was thing is going to happen to it! (It is no way filled with faith-faith in his family, in his involved, even.) Such confusion and distress union, in his fellow-man. His passing this has come directly and intimately to our at­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO week removes a stalwart worker from the tention. It is very moving. OF ILLINOIS This is, certainly, pain and distress that ranks of Labor. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For more than 25 years he was an active we don't need. It is fear and distress which leader in International Association of Ma­ arises not from any fact basis but from polit­ Monday, February 23, 1970 ical infighting, and it is a high human cost chinists Kansas City Lodge 92. For almost as Mr. long, he was active in lAM District 71, serv­ to pay directly for political gutter tactics. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Speaker, on a ing more than 15 years as secretary-treasurer. One hates to see human beings caused to number of occasions, I have stood in this And he found time to devote eight years to suffer needlessly in this way. well to discuss the horrendous treatment the Kansa.s State Council of Machinists, also No person is better informed in deta-il on that insurance companies are giving to as secretary-treasurer. what these issues and funds are than the inner city residents and businessmen. But Bill O'Malley was more than a union congressman from this district, as it happens. Those in the inner city who are able officer. Many of his accomplishments were Rep. Robert Michel is a ranking member of to obtain insurance are being charged beyond the call of official duty. He was a the Health, Education and Welfare commit­ astronomical premiums but, for the most champion of the Machinists Non-Partisan tee and of the Appropriations committee. Political League. In organizations, and as These are two of the most important com­ part, little insurance can be purchased an individual he devoted his time to the up­ mittees in the House, and Michel is a vet­ at any price. lifting of the unfortunate a.nd the needy. eran and influential member of both. They The tactics of the insurance industry His heart was open to any person who needed are also the two committees most closely in the inner city does not mean that help. And he never retired from his humani­ involved with this issue. those living outside of the inner city are tarian efforts. Here are some of the things Michel said receiving any better treatment and a When he retired from his post with the on the floor of the House where he was a number of situations recently have Kansa.s Council, he was presented with a major speaker on the issue, due to his par­ resolution from the delegates. "We extend our ticularly knowledgeable position. brought this sharply into focus. highest respects and admiration for his past "Let us get the record straight,'' said Mi­ Typical of the insurance companies leadership and dedication to this Council", chel. "The veto of this bill does not mean apathy toward its policyholders whether the resolution read. that we are summarily cutting off Federal they be inner city residents or sub­ "His resignation will create the absence of aid to schools, hospitals, medical research, urbanites, is a case which came to his wisdom, guidance, leadership, and the etc. my attention a few days ago. It involves glowing light of his personality for all "The President did not veto this bill be­ a suburbanite whose home and automo­ members." cause he is opposed to air pollution control; bile were insured by Liberty Mutual In­ All those who worked with Bill O'Malley, his budget called for an increase of $7.1 mil· and those who benefited from his services, lion over the 1969 level of spending. surance Co. of Washington, D.C. The wlll join his family in the feeling of this "He is not opposed to rubella vaccinations. individual was involved in a single car loss. His budget provided for an increase from a accident and his attempts to have his 9.6 million figure in 1969 to $16 million in insurance claim paid by Liberty Mutual 1970. makes the television series "Mission 1m­ PAINFUL POLmCS-USING FEARS "He is not opposed to the Food and Drug possible" seem like child's play. His OF THE POOR administration. budget provided for an NO CLAIMS AGENT AVAILABLE increase from $68.9 million to $72 million. "He is not opposed to health tnanpower Following the accident, the Liberty HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER training for his budget carried an increase Mutual policyholder called the company OF ILLINOIS from $182.4 million to $228.9 million. to determine what steps he should take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "He is not opposed to health educational to have the car repaired. He was told research and library facilities, for his budget that the person who handled claims for Monday, February 23, 1970 reflected an increase from the 1969 level of policyholders whose names began with Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I sub­ $93.2 million to $127.1 m1llion. the letter "P" was out to lunch and no "In the field of education, the President's one else in the office could handle the mit herewith an editorial by C. L. Dancey budget actually provided for increases in bi­ of the Peoria Journal Star of February lingual education, in education for the han­ claim. While waiting for the claims rep­ 14, 1970, regarding the President's recent dicapped, in vocational education, and over resentative to return from lunch, the veto. This editorial will point out that $100 million increase in Title I of the Ele­ policyholder took his car to a garage to the President had, in fact, proposed the mentary and Secondary Education act ••." obtain an estimate but was told by the largest budget for the Department of And so it goes. garage that there was interior body Health, Education, and Welfare in his­ The President has, in fact, proposed the damage involved and that until the in­ tory-larger than any proposed under largest budget for Health, Education, and surance company gave the garage an au­ the Kennedy or Johnson administra­ Welfare in history, by a country mile ... and thorization the garage could not even the first time in a generation that federal · make an estimate. Following this, the tions. spending for "humane" purposes has ex­ What happened was opponents trying ceeded defense spending in the proportions policyholder once again called Liberty to get an issue proposed still bigger in­ of the national budget. Mutual, the claims representative was creases in order to pressure the Presi­ It is not a cut back, but the most signifi­ still out to lunch but the policyholder dent into the veto. This is an extremely cant advance yet. was informed that he should take his well-written editorial and I think all of What happened was that his opponents, car to a Liberty Mutual appraisal service my colleagues would be considerably en­ seeking an issue, proposed stlll MORE in­ in Virginia. After searching for the ap­ lightened by its reading.· creases in order to pressure a veto against praisal service for more than an hour, The article follows: nice sounding labels-or put the President the policyholder found the appraisers in the position of (1) another inflationary [From the Peoria Journal Star, Feb. 14, 1970] located in the rear of a building with budget, or (2) very seriously compromising in USING FEARS OF THE POOR the U.S. defense position. no sign front to indicate the location Serious human tragedies result from the It was a "back door" sneak attack on the of the appraiser anC. only a small sign irresponsible bitterness of the political bat­ military, and on the administration's efforts in the rear of the building on what ap­ tle arising from President Nixon's recent to curb runaway inflation, with the price of peared to be a service entrance identi­ veto of the Health, Education and Wel!are responsibility to be an emotional political fying the appraiser. The appraisal serv­ spending b111. issue. ice, after looking at the body damage, The people most affected by federal health They didn't hesitate to USE the emotions refused to ride in or drive the car to and welfare progratns are those, very often, of poor and needy people, to inspire fear and ascertain the mechanical difficulties who least understand what has happened. distress among those who already have more stating that "we are not allowed to make As a result of the violent language of op­ than enough distress, for the sake of such a mechanical appraisals." ponents of the President, speaking in tertns maneuver. of the "great human suffering" they say The fact remains that this government is The insured was not given a copy of will result from the veto, too many of these doing MORE not LESS in the key program the estimate nor was he even informed persons have been made frightened and fear­ affected by new HEW budgets, and impres­ as to what damage the appraiser had ful that they are going to lose vital services sions given to the country aTe simply false, surveyed. they depend on today! unfair, and unscrupulous. The following day, the insured once 4440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 again called Liberty and after waiting policy terms, the claims manager ex­ PROBLEMS OF CROSS-BUSING half an hour for the person supposedly plained that if the policyholder had not handling his claim because she was ''talk­ been satisfied with the appraiser, Liberty ing on the line," the operator finally in­ Mutual would have given him the name HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER formed the policyholder that the line was of another appraiser to look at the car. OF KANSAS clear and she could ring the number The claims manager also demanded to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now. When the phone was answered, the see a copy of the policyholder's appraisal. Monday, February 23, 1970 policyholder was informed that the The policyholder explained that the ap­ claims representative was not in the of­ praisal was at the repair shop and that Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, in recent fice. When he protested that he had Liberty Mutual should have its appraiser weeks and days the President, Vice been waiting on the line for half an hour go to the shop, check the appraisal, and President, and other top Government while she was talking on the phone, he if he felt there was any discrepancy in leaders have taken issue with busing as was once again informed that the people the prices, to inspect the car. Liberty a method of desegregating school sys­ in the office had no idea where the claims Mutual declined to do this. tems. The President has stated that de­ agent had gone. segregation plans for school systems CLAIMS MANAGER HANGS UP ON POLICYHOLDER should involve minimum possible dis­ APPRAISER MAKES FALSE REPRESENTATION The policyholder then asked the ruptions-busing or otherwise--of the The following morning, the policy­ claims manager for a copy of the Liberty educational routine of children. I am in holder received a telephone call from a Mutual appraisal which had been made agreement with these views, and sup­ person identifying himself as a Liberty 5 days earlier. The insurance company ported amendments to the Health, Mutual appraiser and asking if he could stated that it did not have the appraisal. Education, and Welfare appropriation view the car. When the insured told the The policyholder then complained that bill considered by the House on February appraiser that the car was parked in an Liberty Mutual was making a large 19, 1970. Those amendments were aimed office building garage in Washington, the number of demands without even know­ at preserving the neighborhood school appraiser quickly said that Washington ing what damage had been done to the system and freedom of choice to all was out of his territory and he could only car. The claims manager then told the students. appraise cars in Virginia. At that point, policyholder that "We're doing every­ We must get on with the job of inte­ the appraiser stated that he was really thing we can for you." The policyholder gration in accordance with the laws and not working for Liberty Mutual but was replied, "You're not doing a damn thing the Constitution, but the methods used an independent appraiser used by the for me." The claims manager then hung should not damage the quality of educa­ company. up the phone. tion. The next day, the insured once again Mr. Speaker, the individual involved The Wichita, Kans., Board of Educa­ called Liberty Mutual and after being in this case had been a policyholder of tion presently is working to develop a transferred from one claims representa­ Liberty Mutual since 1948. During that plan to desegregate certain elementary tive to another was finally informed that period, he has submitted only one other schools. The board of education already the appraiser had valued the damage to small claim on his automobile policy has implemented plans to satisfactorily his car at $265.85. The insurance com­ and a week prior to his accident, he integrate high schools, junior high pany, however, did not know what dam­ called the company and increased the schools, and the teaching staffs of the age the appraisal covered nor whether it insurance on his home by $235 a year. Wichita public schools. included any mecha.nical work. The It should be pointed out that this indi­ Many citizens and parents are con­ policyholder was told it would be several vidual has never missed a premium pay­ cerned that a desegregation plan for the days before the company would have ment. elementary schools might involve cross­ that information. Since the policyholder There is something else about this sit­ busing which would disrupt the educa­ had been told by the appraiser that he uation that disturbs me, Mr. Speaker. In tional routine of their children. could not check for any mechanical dam­ the course of the discussion with the in­ A heavy volume of mail has reached age, he asked Liberty Mutual if he could surance company, the individual discov­ me in Washington on this problem of obtain estimates on any mechanical re­ ered that his insurance file contained in­ cross-busing. My constituents have re­ pairs. He was told that he could obtain formation that was totally untrue; quested that I bring their views and con­ estimates but to make certain that he namely about the individuals place of cerns to the attention of officials in the only got them from garages who charged employment. The individual was listed Department of Health, Education, and no more than $7 an hour since that was as being employed by a company for Welfare, and this I have done. the maximwn that Liberty Mutual would which he did not work and this informa­ Under leave to extend my remarks pay for repairs. Liberty Mutual also gave tion was contained in the insurance com­ in the RECORD, I include a sample of the the insured a list of garages approved by pany's file without the knowledge and, many letters I have received from con­ the insurance company. The insured of course, without the permission of the cerned parents and other citizens re­ called a number of the garages and not policyholder. garding this important matter: one of them indicated that it would make Mr. Speaker, this type of situation goes Congressman GARNER SHRIVER, the mechanical repairs at any rate ap­ on every day in our country. Policyhold­ Cannon House Office Building, proaching $7 an hour. The hourly rates ers of a large number of insurance com­ Washington, D.C. ranged from $8 to $9.50. panies are being treated with total indif­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER: We are writ­ ONLY LIBERTY-APPROVED COMPANIES ALLOWED ference by insurance companies. This ap­ ing as tax-paying citizens; and also con­ cerned parents. At this point, the insured took his plies whether or not the policyholder lives We are against oompulsory cross-busing automobile to an independent garage in the ghetto, a subdivision, or a large of our children to school as a means of in­ and asked for an estimate. He received estate. tegration in this city. an estimate of $342.68 which included The time has come when we can no We believe that our chilcJ.ren should be straightening the frame of the auto­ longer depend upon State agencies to allowed to attend their own neighborhood mobile. When he reported the appraisal control the misdeeds of insurance com­ school, and that this decision should be left to Liberty Mutual, the company pro­ panies. We must have a Federal agency up to our own Board of Education, with no alternatives or intervention from the Fed­ tested vigorously that the appraisal was to make certain that insurance companies eral Government or HEW. too much and that it was not one of the provide policyholders with the services We regard this as a freedom; a freedom garages approved by the company. When for which they have paid. This is one we do not wish to give up. the insured explained that it was a fact that the insurance industry seems The solution may lie in voluntary cross­ highly reputable garage which in the to ignore. Policyholders are not free­ busing or fair housing, but not compulsory past had performed repair work at a loaders asking for a handout. They have cross-busing. rate much lower than other garages, paid for a service to which they are en­ Sincerely, . including those recommended by Liberty titled. If insurance companies such as Mr. & Mrs. RoGER JoHANSEN. Mutual, the Liberty Mutual claims man­ Liberty Mutual are not willing to honor FEBRUARY 1,1970. ager became indignant and asked why their contractual obligations, then the Representative GARNER E. SHRIVER, the policyholder had sought another ap­ policyholder must have an agency to House of Representatives, praisal. When the policyholder explained which he can turn and that will give him Washington, D.O. that he felt it was his right under the more than lipservice. DEAR CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER; I am writing February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4441 to protest the idea of mandatory cross busing serve to educate our children and produce We urge you to use your in:fluence where­ and to state my belief in the "neighborhood leaders of tomorrow for this grea.t country ever possible to see that our children are school concept". of ours, but it seems that we are gradually treated fairly and allowed to stay in their The small children of this generation a.re becoming subservient to minority rule rather own schools and are not forced into this bus­ being asked to pay the price for the wrongs than majority rule as has been the great ing situation. that have been allowed to develop for the Democrwtic way of life in these United States Respectfully, past 100 years. for many years. Mr. and Mrs. JAMES F. LAY. The people of this city have mostly agreed Busing of children creates a severe hard­ that housing integ.ration is both necessary ship on the people it affects, economically as JANUARY 30, 1970. and desirable. However, a recent poll here well as physically, and we favor the neighbor­ Mr. GARNER SHRIVER, has shown that 80 to 90 percent of the people hood school concept so we can have an a.c­ House of Representati ves, are against cross busing except on a volun­ tive part in the school-parent relationship Washington, D.C. tary basis. which is vital for maximum school achieve­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER: This is to I wish to take this opportunity to request ment, and to have better control over our inform you of my opinion on cross-busing that you contact the neecssary Administra­ children's environment and activities. With students of the elementary schools in the tion ofiicials to assist in a solution to our the growing availability of drugs at all of our Wichita Public Schools; as well as schools current controversy over the busing of elem­ schools it is necessary to have as close a sur­ across this Nation. entary students in order to satisfy HEW veillance of our children as possible. I am not opposed to a combination of black We, through taxation, finance the educa­ and white children in public schools. I am not ofiicia.ls. tional system which is already expensive We need more time to work this out with­ opposed to black and white community liv­ enough, and the proposed alternatives will ing. I am opposed to cross busing. Why in­ out causing hatefulness on both sides by either be more expensive or some of the pro­ forcing anyone to do something they are so crease the burden on our children-the grams which are in effect to help the under­ neighborhood school concept is a wonderful opposed to. privileged be cancelled because of the HAROLD A. SMITH. wm way of living. Parents can attend PTA and withdrawal of Federal funds. other conferences and meetings. Children We respectfully request that you contact JANUARY 30, 1970. take part in extra-curricular activities such the necessa.ry Administration ofiicials to as­ as scouts, campfire girls, etc. This is part Mr. GARNER SHRIVER, sist in a solution to our current controversy, .Rayburn House Office Building, of our American heritage. Bus children for and we prefer to maintain the neighborhood miles and make them miss the joy of child­ Washington, D.C. school system. DEAR MR. SHRIVER: As parents & home hood and participation is unfair and un­ Very truly yours, satisfactory. owners, we woulcA. like to voice our opinion DONALD C. GISICK. on the cross-busing plan proposed for the Our taxes at the present time are of such city of Wichita for our grade school age magnitude that keeping our standard of liv­ children. JANUARY 30, 1970. ing where we enjoy it and prefer it is very They have not found a plan for cross-bus­ Representative GARNER SHRIVER, difiicult now. How about the older people ing acceptable as yet, but it seems to us Rayburn House Office Building, who are semi-retired or retired? Should they that we are going to be forced to send our Washington, D.C. be forced out of their homes they own be­ children to the school that the government DEAR REPRESENTATIVE SHRIVER: We're sure cause the taxes are raised again? With cross­ wants them to go to rather than the neigh­ you must be aware of the crisis facing the busing someone has to pay and it will be borhood school. Wichita School System over the issue of bus­ costly I This is true in every city in the It doesn't seem like a democracy that tells ing and cross-busing to achieve a racial bal­ Nation. The taxpayer (regardless of having you that you have no choice & tha;t the ance in the schools. school-age children or not) will ultimately voice of the people doesn •t count. We are not against integration. We at­ foot the bill for cross-busing. We are very much against being forced tended integrated schools ourselves and are My solution-Please demand the repeal of to send our children to any other school. trying to raise our children w-ithout prej­ Section VI of the Civil Rights Bill and pre­ We are in Minnelo Grade School, Coleman udice. However, we feel that integration serve our American Heritage Of neighborhood Jr. High & Southeast High School. should come about by open housing, not by schools for elementary children. Thank you for letting us air our opinion. forced busing. We are for the neighborhood Sincerely, Could you help make the voice of the peo­ school and can't help but think that the big­ Mrs. EDWARDS . WEBB, Jr. ple count? gest share of the Negro parents must feel Sincerely, the same way if they could make their opin­ Han. GARNER SHRIVER, MR. AND MRS. MAX HERZET. ions known. House of Representatives, We wonder if, in their effort to push this Washington, D.C. FEBRUARY 2, 1970. busing, HEW isn't overlooking the most im­ DEAR REPRESENTATIVE SHRIVER: As a parent, Congressman GARNER SHRIVER, portant thing--our children. We hadn't dis­ an active member of the P.T.A., a room Cannon House Office Building, cussed the busing issue with our children, mother, and a den mother I can attest to the Washington, D.c. but they finally learned of it and wanted to great success of the neighborhood school sys­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER: The intent Of know about it. When we tried to explain, our tem. I know that through the employment this letter is to inform you that I am op_ 2nd grader was terribly upset--he didn't of close personal contact, we are able to gen­ posed to cross busing of Students. want to have to leave his school and his erate the vital enthusiasm and energy re­ I am however; for the integration of our friends. He surely can't be the only one to quired to build and maintain an interested, Schools on a voluntary basis. feel this way! Can you imagine the number concerned public. Sincerely, of homes in Wichita where there will be this Psychiatrists, theologians, philosophers, Mrs. CAROLYN S. RATHKE. same problem if we are forced to bus our and politicians have long warned us of the children next year? dangers of alienation in our society; never­ WICHITA, KANS., We bought our home in this area so that theless, H.E.W. is literally attempting to an­ February 2, 1970. our children could attend this school and we nihilate our neighborhood school system Representative GARNER E. SHRIVER, can see nothing fair at all about a system which remains one of the last bulwarks of House of Representatives, that now says they may not be able to attend personal identity and group unity. Washington, D.C. this school. Our neighborhood school system works! It DEAR CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER: We wish to There are ma"ly other reasons for our oppo­ works superlatively, and being an involved take this opportunity to express our view sition, one of which is the fact of not being parent I want to know that my time and concerning a current problem facing this at all pleased to think of our children having effort will go directly to benefit my children community. We are, here in the City of to stand on a corner in some ghetto area and my immediate community with no vague Wichita, Kansas, faced with the requirement waiting for a bus. We all know what goes on maybes and no strings: of H.E.W. to integrate our schools now, and in these areas. What is right about sending Please help us save our neighborhood the possibility of cross-busing students to elementary children who know nothing of schools. a.ccomplish this, or be faced with court ac­ these things into this situation? Yours very truly, tion or the withdrawal of Federal school a.id. The pressure should be taken off our Board Mrs. FRANCIS L. BOURKE. We, as parents of two school age children of Education. They offered a fine plan to (6 and 8 ym old), are opposed to compulsory HEW and it was rejected, even though they FEBRUARY 5, 1970. busing of any children, black or white, to included extra classes for the Negro children Mr. SHRIVER, achieve integration, but we are not opposed (pre-school and ali-day kindergarten} to help Sm: I've heard it said several times that to our children attending classes with black them get a head start on their education. cross-busing is illegal. students as they are already doing so. We as We believe in equal rights and education I don't know if this is from the bill of t axpayers surely have a right under the Con­ for all Americans. Fair housing is the proper rights or civil rights, or where. stitution, as do those who are of a minority way, but it is going to take a little time, and Can you advise me? group have rights, to provide the type of edu­ in the meantime, our children should not I want to go on record as being opposed to cat ional system which we decide will best have their rights taken from them. any kind of school busing. 4442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 I suppose I would make an exception where fered him and a companion shelter until I am including in the RECORD today one school 1s overloaded and another they got settled in Canada. FRANK .ANNUNzxo's speech delivered in Donald E. Delauder, 18, of West Town­ under. acceptance of the highly distinguished Sincerely, send, Mass., was ordered held without bail E. V. PHILLIPS. pending a preliminary hearing Feb. 26 on award by the DAV: charges of attemped murder. assault with in­ REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN FRANK ANNUNZIO, Re: Crossbuslng at McLean Elementary tent to commit robbery, and causing prop­ DEMOCRAT, 7TH DISTRICT, ILUNOIS, ON RE­ School, Wichita. Kansas. erty da~ estimated at $1,000. CEIPT OF THE 1970 "MAN OF THE YEAR" Hon. GARNER E. SHRIVER, His companion, whose name was withheld, AWARD FROM DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS, House of Representatives cla.imed to be 17 years old, and was held DEPARTMENT OF ILLINOIS, BUSINESS AND Washington, D.C. pending verification of his claim to juvenile PROFESSIONAL CHAPTER No. 47, COMO INN, DEAR Sm: Last week the McLean PTA board status. He also is an army deserter. FEBRUARY 20, 1970 conducted a survey of the parents whose Chairman Lou Farina, Commander Les children attend McLean school in regard to Kolom, Adjutant Robert Boyajian, distin­ the issue of crossbusing. guished officers and guests of the Disabled The attached questionnaire 1s self-explana­ CONGRESSMAN FRANK ANNUNZIO American Veterans: I am pleased and hon­ tory and was sent to each of the 307 families RECEIVES 1970 MAN OF THE YEAR ored to be chosen as the 1970 "Man of the in the school. Year" by your distinguished veterans orga­ Of the 204 families replying, 194 were op­ AWARD FROM THE DISABL.ED AMERICAN VETERANS nization, and I want to express my sincerest posed to compulsory crossbusing, six were appreciation to all of you for extending this 1n favor of compulsory crossbusing, and three recognition to me. For 50 years the DAV were undecided. We feel the results of this HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI has faithfully served the disabled veterans survey represent the true feellngs of the of America. their widows, their orphans, and majority of the people regarding crossbusing. OF ILLINOIS their dependents. For 50 years you have Why are we being led to believe that cross­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES helped to maintain the honor, integrity, and busing 1s the answer to the problems that Monday, February 23, 1970 supremacy of our country. Your members exist in the Wichita school system? wear a common badge of chivalry-for each Very truly yours, Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ one has been wounded, injured or disabled (Mrs.) MARY Lou MEREDrrH, day, a very distinguished award was be­ while serving in the United States armed McLean PTA Board President. stowed upon a very distinguished col­ forces during time of war. league. It is with great humility, therefore, that Congressman GARNER SHRIVER: Have you I come before your group today to receive considered the problem of cross-busing in Congressman FRANK ANNUNZIO re­ this award, for I am so keenly aware of the Wichita? ceived the 1970 Man of the Year Award sacrifices that each of you has made and of We have tried for years to get good pro­ from the Disabled American Veterans at the common bond that has drawn you to­ grams such as scouting for our children. If a luncheon held in the Como Inn in gether in the great cause of helping your cross-busing goes through it wlll ruin the Chicago. fellow veterans. scouting program and all other such pro­ Chairman Lou Farina, Cmdr. LesKo­ I have been privileged to join you in this grams for our youth. cause since taking office as a Member of Please sir: Look this situation over and lom, Adjutant Robert Boyajian and the omcers of the DAV were among those Congress almost six years ago. In fact, one do what you can to help us prevent cross­ of my first official acts was to contact the busing. There has got to be a better way, who arranged this high tribute. Administrator of Veterans Affairs and pro­ such as open housing. Consider these chil­ FRANK .ANNUNZIO has WOrked unstint­ test the proposed closing of VA hospital fa­ dren on both sides, 1t would be so hard on ingly to bring human dignity to our war cllities. Since that time, I have been in the them. veterans. As a member of the Bank and forefront of the fight to keep VA hospitals Thank you, Currency Committee, he was instru­ and medical care services second to none. Mrs. GLORIA FORSYTHE. mental in seeing that the loan sharks Right here in Illinois we have a million­ who charged our GI's usurious interest and-a-hal! veterans from all wars. Only New rates were put out of business by the es­ York, California and Pennsylvania have more veterans than we do. The bulk of these men AMERICAN DESERTERS ATTACK tablishment of federally chartered credit are from World War II-861 thousand to be CANADIAN HELPER unions. exact. But we also have a new group of vet­ As a member of the House Veterans' erans who are becoming a large and deter­ Affairs Committee, I can state that mining factor in our nation. Illinois has 248 HON. JOHN R. RARICK FRANK .ANNUNziO has been unwaivering thousand men who have served in the Post­ OF LOUISIANA in his efforts to get more funding for our Korean and Viet Nam eras. VA hospitals; improvement in educa­ And I am proud to say that in the Seventh IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressional District of Dlinois, which I tional benefits; loans for our veterans; Monday, February 23, 1970 have the honor to represent, the largest and low interest rates on VA mortgages; greatest medical center in the world serving Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, from time higher disability compensation and pen­ veterans is located. I refer, of course, to the to time we hear of the good people of sion benefits; training programs for ca­ West Side Veterans Admin1strat1on Hospital our neighboring canada, lulled into reers in Government and industry; and which has more than 1,200 employees dedi­ carelessness by the pro-Red policies of working on many other measures that cated not only to healing our veterans, but their Trudeau government, aiding and benefit our war veterans. to doing research aimed at the eventual com­ plete era.dica.tion of illness and disease. encouraging deserters from the Armed FRANK .ANNUNzxo has spent most of his Forces of the United States enter In addition to modern medical facilities to life being a public servant. He exempli­ for our Nation's veterans, I have always sup­ Canada. At the same time, the leftists fies the highest virtues of dignity and ported better educational benefits; home, here hold out the hope to these sorry compassion for his fellow man, working farm, and business loan assistance for our excuses for Americans that after awhile tirelessly to see that this great country veterans; keeping the interest rate down at the Nation will forget, there will be an which he loves so much is made a better six per cent on VA mortgage loans; higher amnesty, and they can return home as place to live for all, and working end­ servicemen's life insurance; opportunities to leftist heros. lessly that liberty, freedom, and train for public service, private industry, or a to see government career; increases in rates for dis­ Perhaps the story of a Canadian nurse, justice prevails in an America founded abllity compensation and pension benefits; playing the Good Samaritan to such on the supremacy of law. and other measures which would benefit our cowards in Montreal, should warn our And so it is only fitting that a high veterans who have given heroic service in friends in canada that criminals are honor should be bestowed upon FRANK order to protect our liberties and keep Amer­ criminals--and are dangerous. .ANNUNZio by a distinguished organiza­ ica free. I include a pertinent clipping follow­ tion like the DAV. He embodies those I have recently been in close touch with ing my remarks: my Colleague, Honorable Olin E. Teague of lofty words spoken thousands of years Texas, who is the distinguished Chairman [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, ago by Plutarch: of the Veterans' Affairs Co:mmittee of the Feb. 20, 1970 J No man ever asked a favour with less of­ House of Representatives. Under his leader­ GI DEsERTER Is CHAllGED fence, or conferred one with a better grace. ship the Committee recently completed an MONTREAL, February 19.-An American When he gave, it was without assumption; investigation of the six Dlino1s Veterans Ad­ army deserter was charged yesterday with when he received, it was with dignity and ministration Hospitals, and the results of the attempted murder of a nurse who of- honour. that investigation are astounding! February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4443 (1) Hospital Director Charles M. Turner at the Department of Defense, until our Con­ Americans. We all love our country and all v A's Chicago Research 500-bed hospital re­ gressional investigation took place, refused to of us must protect our free institutions and ported a funding deficiency of approximately take action against the companies involved our great heritage of freedom. This war at $266,000 for Fiscal Year 1970. in charging usurious interest rates to our home must be won if we are to restore un­ (2) At Chicago's 500-bed West Side Hos­ servicemen. Therefore, in 1968 I introduced derstanding, tranquility, .and love for each pital, Director Joseph J. Frankel reported legislation that would allow repayments out other. funding deficiencies of more than one and a of the U.S. Treasury to the servicemen who Again, I thank all of you for extending this half million dollars for Fiscal Year 1970. had already been bilked by these "fast buck" recognition to me, and I wish a.ll of you (3) Director Marvin A. Chapman of the operators. I have just completed revision of Godspeed in the years ahead as you continue 1,500-bed VA hospital at Danville reported the list of names of servicemen who had to serve our deserving veterans and a grate­ a deficiency of about one million dollars for been bilked, and last Monday I reintroduced ful Nation. Fiscal Year 1970. my bill with the additional names included. Thank you. (4) Dr. William W. Bourke, Director of the I am hopeful that the Banking and Currency VA's largest psychiatric hospital, the 2,487- Committee will take early actions on my bed facility at Downey, Illinois, reported a measure so that these veterans ca-n be reim­ 1732-GEORGE WASHINGTON-1970 funding deficiency of more than $217,000 for bursed for their losses. The DAV has always WE NEED YOU Fis-cal Year 1970. stood for unswerving allegiance to America (5) Dr. Lee H. Schlesinger, Director of the and over the years has held aloft the ~rch Hines VA Hospital, reported a funding de­ of true patriotism. That is why I am going HON. DELBERT L. LATTA to speak very frankly to your group this ficiency in excess of $900,000 to operate his OF OHIO 1500-bed hospital. afternoon. (6) L. M. Frazier, Jr., Director of the VA's Today, in Ameri,ca, we are faced with many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 176-bed hospital at Marion, Illinois, reported people in our society who are sick. They Monday, February 23, 1970 a funding deficiency in Fiscal Year 1970 of are mentally frustrated. There is a jealousy more than $370,000. that is permeating our society. There is a Mr. LATI'A. Mr. Speaker, a Bethesda All these :figures add up to the staggering materialism that is permeating our society. If man, Ralph Brown, has written a com­ fact that the six VA hospitals serving Illinois we do not become aware of those who 3A1'e mendable piece on the Father of our veterans face funding deficiencies in Fiscal spreading hate and prejudice, then these Country, which I am pleased to insert in Year 1970 of more than four million dollars people will destroy thOSe very liberties that the RECORD in order that my colleagues to operate about 6700 hospital beds serving are so sacred to all of us. and others may read it: one and a half million Illinois veterans. As Americans, regardless of race, color, I for one do not intend to sit idly by and creed, or nationality, we have a responsi­ 1732-GEORGE WASHINGTON-1970 WE NEED allow shortsighted pol1cies to destroy a bility to mainta.in a society that will serve You medical program that is absolutely essential the needs and wants of all of our people in Up to a half century ago everyone knew for America's veterans. A veteran returning a democratic fashion. We must achieve this, who George Washington was. Parson Weems home from a shooting war, suffering from just as our forefathers after the Revolution­ and the cherry tree episode helped instill wounds and service-connected disabilities, ary War, through the legislative and demo­ honesty in our little noggins, and love of should not be expected to fight another war cratic processes, established a form of gov­ country was the guiding principle taught against inflation at the expense of his health. ernment in which the best interests of all at'home and in school. The picture of Wash­ The VA hospital modernization program has the people were served. ington praying at Valley Forge was proof been deferred, apparently because of infla­ In order to preserve our country, we must that no law prohibited worship in school tion. In 1969, VA appropriations contained have law and order in the cities of America. either. We thanked God in our own way and no funds at all for new hospital construc­ We cannot allow people to seize control, as followed the precepts of the great man tion. Your distinguished past National Com­ they do in totalitarian states. It is the obli­ whose picture adorned every classroom. That mander, Wayne L. Sheirbon, when he testified gation of every man and woman to under­ was a long, long time ago. before the Veterans' Affairs Committee last stand the soci:al needs of our time and the The other day we asked a group of young­ year, emphasized that additional delays in social ills of our time. As citizens of the sters about Washington and one lad wanted construction would further increase the cost greatest democracy on earth, we must un­ to know what channel he was on. But to of the modernization program because con­ derstand these problems and meet these re­ a. youngster in Indiana fifty years ago, Wash­ struction costs are rising at the rate of more sponsibilities. ington was the nation's original hero, boy and than ten per cent per year. Too many of our people are joining those man, who carved his way from cherry tree As a Member of the Banking and Cur­ who are causing destruction-not by physi­ to :first president. He fought his way through rency Committee which has jurisdiction over cal means, but with their tongues and their the British, crossed the Delaware, starved all housing legislation, I am well aware of propaganda. They speak evil of their fellow through the terrible winter at Valley Forge damage done to our building programs by man and they shun their responsibility to and won the war at Yorktown. the inflationary spiral which has gripped our understand. the problems of their fellow This was the simple faith of all Americans country. I pledge to you, here and now, that Americans. Everybody seems to be taking in the bygone days and these simple faiths I shall continue my vigorous efforts to in­ delight in spreading vicious propaganda and sustained us and guided us because George sure not only passage of the best possible Washington was real. America was real. We programs for our veterans but also to pro­ Ues about their elected public officials. There is no question that some of these public of­ knew who we were and where we were duce maximum funding for the implementa­ going. A look at what has been accomplished tion of these programs. ficials are misusing the trust placed in them, and we ought to expose those who are mis­ by Americans in such a short span of years I also want to tell you that as a Member using this trust. On the other hand, it is our proves that we got there--further and of the House Banking and Currency Commit­ faster and better than any country in the tee, I was directly involved in the Congres­ responsibility as Americans to extol and to prnise the remaining 99.99 per cent of our history of civilization making our citizens sional investigation and public disclosure the most envied people in the world. which took place of usurious interest rates, decent, hard-working public servants who are as high as 80 per cent, being charged to serving the people in their towns, their cities, When we look at some of the confusion servicemen on U.S. military installations all their strutes, and their country with honesty surrounding much of the atmosphere these over the world. I am happy to inform you and dedication. days, we yearn for recall of the notions that that on military installations in Europe, Fed­ When we destroy our public officials, we grew up around the memory of Washington. erally chartered credit unions have already destroy the very foundation of our demo­ They are not as corny as a lot of agitators been established and the unscrupulous cratic society. It is your responsibility, and would have us believe. The self-appointed "juice" operators and loan "sharks" have my responsibility, as Americans, to pra.ise sophisticates never had to face the scourge been eliminated. the good that is done. We have too little of Valley Forge nor cross an icebound I am also happy to report that on my re­ praise in the press, television and radio for Delaware. They accept liberty as a right cent visit to the Far East, I found Federally those who are doing a good job. while assuming no responsibility for duty. chartered credit unions established in that The preamble to the DAV constitution be· It is difficult to match Washington's great­ area of the world and that fraudulent auto­ gins with the inspiring words-"For God and ness against today's standards: he might mobile brokers had been put out of business Nation." so today I am challenging you who even be different in viewpoint, but as a man, there, too. It is estimated that as a direct have already given so much to our beloved he would have been the same; this same man result of Congressional investigations in both America to work together in order to stop of destiny he proved to be in 1776 when we the European and the Asian Theatre, a racket these people who are spread,fng hate, who faced our most crucial period. Then, one of more than $50 million has been broken are gossip-mongers, who are using the guillt­ man stood tall to lead us out of the wilder­ and servicemen now are free of the "fast by-associatlon technique, and who are ness of despair. No man, before or since, has buck" opera-tors. spreading insinuations and vicious lies. The ever come nearer meeting and conquering What about the servicemen who have al­ people who are using this technique are a.tm­ the challenge of such a. crisis than did ready been bilked out of thousands of dol· lng to divide us as Americans Mld to ulti­ George Washington. lars? Many of these men have already been mately destroy us. They are causing great Rightly have we called him our greatest discharged from the armed forces and are harm, causing whites to hate blacks, and American. The principles and ideals for leading lives as private citizens. I felt strong­ black people to ha.te white people, turning which he stood, tho ba1itered and torn by ly that the government was liable for the nationality against nationality, Jews against enemies foreign and domestic, have survived losses sustained by these servicemen, because gentiles. All of this must stop. We are all and are the envy of the world. The keystone 4444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 of our government and its ethical stand­ around the Nation and are not being re­ The aid program is to be :financed by ards are as sound today as when he estab­ duc~ ~ usable scrap. Mountains of junk earmarking for abandoned auto removal lished them two hundred years ago. are nsmg on the outskirts of our cities. We might dust otf the Gilbert Stuart 1 percent of the annual revenues derived portrait of Washington and put 1t back on And yet, incredibly, all of this old metal from the Federal automobile excise tax. every classroom wall to remind us of our ls valuable. It is needed. We can put it Last year revenues from this 7 percent great inheritance and help prepare today's to very good use. tax on new car purchases amounted to youth to combat the enemies of America A processed auto body used to make $1.9 billion. Setting aside just 1 percent who keep whittling away at the foundations new steel substitutes for 1.5 tons of iron of that figure, $19 million, will finance of this great heritage we are privileged to ore, 1 ton of coke, and 1 ton of lime­ the removal of almost 2 million cars each call home. stone, all nonreplaceable national re­ year, b~ed _on an estimate of $10 per Indeed, George Washington, we need you! sources. Presently, the steelindustry con­ car: This estrmate is in line with the ex­ sumes 77 million tons of scrap steel each penence of a program now underway in ABANDONED CARS year. By 1980 the industry will require o~e. of the States. At $10 per car, $19 more than 100 million tons of scrap a milhon not only would facilitate the year. The hundreds of thousands of cars hauling away of all of each year's crop HON. GUY VANDER JAGT now being left to corrode and spoil our of newly discarded vehicles but would OF :MICHIGAN open spaces can easily be absorbed into make a significant start on ;educing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industrial use, and we can clean up the vast junk car backlog as well. Monday, February 23, 1970 countryside if we take action along the In addition this bill will offer rapid lines I shall propose. amortization benefits to scrap processors Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, on There are two problem areas which re­ who purchase modern, more effective December 8, 1969, in this Chamber, I quire immediate attention. First, large equipment with which to reduce old cars expressed my concern, as I have done on numbers of cars have been left to rust in to ~sa~le scrap. Efficient, expanded ca­ many occasions before, over the sad state remote areas. Transportation of these paCity lS badly needed, but is presently of our environment. In my remarks I ~arcas~es oyer long distances to process­ beyond ~he reach of many processors. sought to call attention to the contami­ mg pomts 1s expensive and unprofitable InstallatiOns of required equipment such nation of our lakes and streams and the and this accounts for many of the un­ as shredders, hammer mills, magnetic infringements on our open spaces, and retrieved bulks around the country. It s:parators, and nonpolluting burning the pollution of the air we breathe. I costs too much to go out and get them. Pits may cost as much as $2 million. stated at that time that we must begin Second, industrial requirements call For this program to succeed there at once, a massive, all-out war if we are for scrap that is relatively pure and free must be sufficient processing capacity. to turn back slime and foul air, litter, of the many nonsteel materials such as Rapid amortization for purchasers of and revitalize our once majestic land­ fabric, plastics, glass, copper, and rubber up-to-date auto scraJP processing equip­ scape. Following up on those earlier re­ goods which are present in today's cars. ment represents a valid and necessary marks I am pleased to state today that Expensive handling procedures with incentive to assure that adequate dis­ the first of many related proposals I in­ modern, high-priced equipment are re­ posal capacity will be available to handle tend to introduce in the coming months, quired to prepare wrecked vehicles for the large numbers of cars to be retrieved aimed at improving the quality of our reconversion. Many processors have been by the pickup program. surroundings, will be introduced this unable to purchase the needed equipment Wit~ an assist from my bill, industry week. This proposal will deal with the and so heaps of wrecked autos have been capac1ty would increase greatly. Oper­ problem of abandoned automobiles. accumulating in junkyards throughout ators would be able to reach out for America is truly a nation on wheels. the land. about-to-be abandoned cars before they Today there are over 86 million cars in Others who formerly did away with are scattered across the land. Within a use on our streets and highways, and the impurities by burning them now find few years the huge accumulation of junk trend is ever upward. We are fortunate their activities restricted by local anti­ could be shrunk to nothing. The ultimate to be able to afford the enjoyment and pollution laws banning open burning. As goal would be a smooth flow of old cars convenience of automobile travel. The a result many processors with bulging back to steelmaking facilities without in­ number of cars owned by our citizens is inventories of old cars are turning away termediate stops on city streets junk­ unprecedented in history and stands as owners seeking to dispose of worn out ve­ yard stockpiles, or the woods off ~ coun­ a measure of our technological greatness hicles, thereby increasing the number of try road. as a nation. But as the size of our auto cars being abandoned on vacant lots at The bill will be a balanced, flexible population grows the number of vehicles service stations, in open fields and w~d­ easy to administer plan to assist th~ becoming unusable and left abandoned States, which lack the resources to carry also grows, and the Nation that relies on lands. We must take action to deal with ever on this badly needed program. The fund­ and loves the automobile is about to be ing aspects of this approach are con­ overwhelmed by a proliferation of rust­ growing numbers of abandoned cars. We need an innovative program to assure sistent with proposals currently being ing hulks. advanced to deal with other pollution Here are the dimensions of the prob­ that worn out vehicles are removed from the countryside and recycled back into ~d waste-processing problems. Under lem. OVer the past several years 6 to 9 this approach, the existing auto excise million automobiles per year have been the steelmaking process. With this aim in mind I will be introducing in the next tax becomes a fair and equitable user worn out and rendered useless for trans­ few days, a bill to provide assistance to tax. A small part of taxes already being portation. Many of these overage vehi­ the States in retrieving abandoned auto­ paid by new car purchasers would be cles have been picked up, stripped of mobiles and processing them for scrap. used to guarantee funding for the clean­ usable parts, processed to remove im­ My bill will offer Federal financial aid up program. purities, and then melted down to make At a. small cost the plan I have out­ new steel products. to the States to administer programs to remove abandoned cars from public lined would remove rusting eyesores However, large numbers of cars have f:om the countryside, reduce air pollu­ not been consumed for steelmaking, but thoroughfares and remote rural areas. Under this plan Federal guidelines are tiOn levels by helping to eliminate open rather, have been abandoned on city burning, save natural resources, and streets or strewn across the countryside to be established to spell out require­ ments for State participation. The lower the cost of producing basic steel. as a less attractive measure of our na­ gUidelines will include requirements for All of these benefits can result from a tional prosperity. Fully 10 to 15 percent concerted effort to put an end to the of all no longer driveable autos, as many easing auto title and lien restrictions and for enacting and enforcing antiaban­ wasteful and ugly practice of littering as 2,500 every single day, are being dis­ the Nation with unwanted automobiles. carded yearly. The result 1s an un­ donment statutes, two significant ob­ counted backlog of these rusted, unproc­ stacles to improving the present situa­ It is time for action. Americans want essed hulks which dot the landscape. tion. State applications for aid in accord­ a cleaner America. We want a country At the same time, because of prevail­ ance with the guidelines may include free from trash and smoke, a nation of ing conditions 1n the industry, many either assistance for State-operated pick clear lakes and rivers, of unlittered road­ worn out ears.-10 to 20 mllllon accord­ up programs, or for contracts with pri­ ways and unspoiled wilderness. The Na­ ing to one estimate-which are hauled vate operators to remove abandoned tion which sent three of its own to the away, are piling up ln auto graveyards vehicles. moon in the sixties is ready to clean up February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4445 falo Club. Please convey my sincere congrat­ its own landscape in the seventies. We source of skilled personnel otherwise unob­ tainable. ulations to Assistant Secretary Hittle, who are ready to move ahead in this struggle The success that you have earned and that continues to be a vigorous force for leader­ to make America what we all want it 1s being recognized tonight is a result of ship and wisdom in the United States De­ to be. America the beautiful. efforts of each Of you, in Division Three Fifty partment of the Navy. I trust this voice will Seven, and in the support that you have continue to be heard and help guide our Na­ received from the Training Center and its tion in the challenging and crucial years PRESENTATION OF JAMES FOR­ staff. Every offi~er and man shares in the ahead. Regards to all present. RESTAL TROPHY TO 3-57(L) responsibility and in the glory. This trophy JAcoB K . JAvrrs, NAVAL RESERVE SURFACE DIVI­ would not be here tonight if ea.ch of you had U.S. Senate. not put forth needed extra effort. And let's SION OF BUFFALO, N.Y. not forget the other ingredient of success THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, that so often goes unrecognized when men washington, D.C., January 8, 1970. are being recognized for achievement. That Comdr. P. R. LUCCI, HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY is, the wives, mothers and girl friends who USNR, Commanding Officer, Naval Reserve OF NEW YORK understood and supported their men in their Surface Division 3-57(L), U.S. Naval and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efforts instead of objecting to the time spent Marine Corps Reserve Training Center, on drills and training duty. Three Porter Avenue, Buffalo, N.Y. Monday, February 23, 1970 This trophy is particularly meaningful be­ DEAR COMMANDER LUCCI: I want to take Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, on cause of the person whose name it bears­ this opportunity to extend to you and your January 9, of this year, I was privileged the late James Forrestal. He was Secretary of members of Surface Unit 3-57(L) my official to participate in the program in which the Navy and became the first Secretary of and personal congratulations upon the the James Forrestal Trophy for Naval Defense. James Forrestal was indeed a man award, this evening, to your Unit of the in whom were combined the characteristics James Forrestal Trophy. Reserve efficiency was presented to the of personal leadership, great intellect, abun­ The significance of this a ward cannot be 3-57(L) Naval Reserve Surface Division dant common sense, and a rare understand­ overestimated. It is an appropriate recog­ of Buffalo, N.Y. The Forrestal Trophy is ing of sea power, and particularly the kind of nition of the fact that the Surface Unit 3-57 given each year to the division which has sea power the United States needs to remain (L) has been the leader among large Sur­ the most outstanding efficiency record secure. face Units in the U.S. Naval Reserves in among the 148 Naval Reserve Large Serv­ It was because of his understanding of the overall efficiency, which includes advance­ ice Divisions in the competition. I am kind of sea power our nation needs that ment, recruiting, re-enlisting, and all of very proud of the 3-57th and extend my James Forrestal placed such great emphasis those many things that contribute to sea­ upon what he referred to as "The Balance going combat ability and the contribution heartiest congratulations to Comdr. P.R. Fleet". He used this term to characterize the which Naval power in turn makes to our Lucci and his men for their outstanding type of U.S. naval power that emerged from national security. achievements. the great naval campaigns of World War II. The record which Surface Unit 3-57(L) The trophy was presented by the Hon­ It was the kind of U.S. naval power that had has made during the past year is one which Ol'able James D. Hittle, Assistant Secre­ been achieved by no other nation in all his­ you, as the Commanding Officer, and all of tary of the NaVY for Manpower andRe­ tory. It is a naval power based on the integra­ the personnel of your unit can be justifiably serve Affairs, who made the following tion of surface ships, submarines, carriers proud. The Unit's record, on which the with their aircraft, and Fleet Marine Corps award of the Forrestal Trophy is based, sets remarks: landing forces. a high standard for all other Naval Reserve REMARKS BY HON, JAMES D. HITTLE, ASSISTANT Each of these elements contributed to the Units to emulate, and I am confident, also, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY (MANPOWER AND strength, mobility, and combat versatility of that the Unit will continue to maintain the RESERVE AFFAIRS), AT THE PRESENTATION OF U.S. naval power. And because of their orga. high standards which it has so clearly THE JAMES FORRESTAL TROPHY TO NAVAL nizational integration into the fleet, the sum established. RESERVE SURFACE DIVISION 3-57(L), BUF• total of their combat effectiveness is far I would deeply appreciate it if you would FALO, N.Y., JANUARY 9, 1970 greater than the simple mathematical total convey, for me, to All Hands of your unit, It is a genuine pleasure for me to be here of the individual parts. the traditional Naval recognition of duty tonight because it is my privilege to make the But James Forrestal knew something else properly performed-"Well Done." presentation of the James Forrestal Trophy that was very important. He knew the im· Sincerely, to Naval Reserve Surface Division Three portance of a strong, vigorous, and energetic MELVIN LAmn. Fifty Seven. At this point I want to convey Naval Reserve. He took a lead in establish· to you the greetings of President Nixon, ing the organizational pattern of the Naval Secretary of Defense Laird, and Secretary of Reserve. The ba-sic concept of the role of the ISRAEL MUST NOT BE LEFT TO the Navy Chafee. They are aware Of this Naval Reserve and the Regular Navy within presentation ceremony and they send con­ the Department of the Navy is known, and STAND ALONE gratulations to the personnel of Surface properly so, as the "Forrestal Principle". That Division Three Fifty Seven. is the principle of One Navy; a concept of a I think that it is very important that those Reserve that is a partner of the regular es­ HON. JACK BRINKLEY Of us here realize the very real significance tablishment, and it is this same principle OF GEORGIA of this trophy and what it means. The James under which we are still operating today. I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can assure you that the Forrestal principle is Forrestal Trophy was first presented to the Monday, February 23, 1970 Naval Reserve after World War II. It was recognized, and moreover, being adhered to established in an effort to put the Naval Within the Department of the Navy today. Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Reserve Surface Divisions in close competi· So, I think you will agree with me that 1t Arab commando group which boasted tion with each other. 1s highly appropriate that this annual award responsibility for the in-air destruction The trophy was presented to the Navy De· for Naval Reserve efficiency should bear the partment in 1948 by the Reserve Officers of name of James Forrestal who so well under­ of the Swiss jetliner bound for Israel the Naval Service who later that same year stood the need for the Naval Reserve as an Saturday, are premeditated, barbaric, merged With the Reserve Officers Association. integral part of the kind of American sea murdering animals. Will time ever erase It has been presented to the Winning Large power we know is vital to the protection of from memory the grief pictured in the Surface Division each year since then, except our nation. faces of weeping families at Israel's 1950 when competition was temporarily sus­ I know that we have all heard the out-of­ Lydda Airport when they were told there pended town speaker say that he brings the greet­ were no survivors. Your first place standing among all the ings of some high official and I suspect that U.S. citizens were on that plane of other Large Surface Divisions throughout the you have taken my previous statement of country, 148 in number, is truly an outstand­ conveying greetings from Washington With a which Abou Mariam boasted, and later ing achievement. In looking to see how Divi­ certain degree of skepticism. But I want to retracted, credit for destroying. Precious sion Three Fifty Seven accomplished this, I let you know that the greetings I sa.id I con­ lives, dear to Americans. was glad to learn that while leading all other vey are not empty amenities. At this time What about it Beirut, Lebanon and contenders in the seven areas of competition, it is my privilege to read to you, and par­ Amman, Jordan? Will you sanction such which include advancement, strength and ticularly to those of you of Surface Division atrocities and the cold fury they en­ attendance, the two areas thtl.t were truly Three Fifty Sev~n, the following letter. in excelled 1n were the areas of reenlistment gender, or will you cooperate making and volunteers tor re-call to active duty. deterrent examples of those monstrous Comdr. P. Lucci, killers? These two areas are of immense importance Buffalo Club, to the Navy as a whole. Reenlistment, be­ Buffalo, N.Y. To capitulate to terrorism 1s beneath cause this gives stabll!ty and increased readi­ Deeply regret that official business abroad the character of free nations. Whether ness to the Reserve: and volunteer re-call, keeps me from attending dinner and For­ air service or people service, Israel must because this supports the '8.Ctive Navy with a restal Trophy Award ceremony at the Buf· not be left to stand alone. 11446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 RESULTS OF SURVEY ON STUDENT in the Natdon's high schools was con­ dent protest, and principal causes for UNREST IN THE NATION'S IDGH ducted as part of the subcommittee's such protest activity. SCHOOLS overall study of the educational needs of The survey included responses from the 1970's. Plincipals in public, private, and paro­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI Results of the comprehensive ques­ chial schools. tionnaire returns were tabulated for the It showed what actions school admin­ OF ILLINOIS subcommittee by the Division of Com­ istrators had taken to resolve problems IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES puter Research and Technology of the leading to protest. Monday, February 23, 1970 National Institutes of Health. Mr. Speaker, the Library of Congress Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the It is my hope that results of this thor­ had researched for us previous surveys on House Subcommittee on General Edu­ ough survey will help educators, social student unrest, including Dr. Alan Wes­ cation has completed an exhaustive sur­ scientists, school administrators, as well tin's study at Columbia University. The vey on student unrest in American high as students themselves evaluate the na­ largest previous survey of principals cov­ schools. It is part of our committee's ture and extent of student unrest. I am ered 1,900 randomly selected. Most pre­ continuing investigation of the impact certain there is a wealth of information vious studies covered much smaller ur­ of Federal aid in American education. for social scientists to study in this ban or regional areas, and concentrated A total of 15,086 high school principals survey. on newspaper articles about protests responded to a comprehensive question­ The sw·vey categorized schools by that have reached the proportions of naire which had been mailed to all of city, subw·b and rural areas. It also went newsworthy items. I believe our study the Nation's 2!>,000 high schools. into detail on ethnic composition, ethnic here is the most complete to date. The survey of student unrest activity increases, family income, degree of stu- Results of the survey follow: SURVEY OF AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOLS, 1968--£9 ACADEMIC YEAR COMPARATIVE FIGURES A.ND PERCENTAGES (Number of U.S. high schools : 29 ,000 (approximately) ; numbe r of high schools responding : 15,086; number of respo nding high schools that experienced student protest: 2,710 (18 percent of 15 086) number of responding high schools reporting ~ or more "riots". as p_rot~st act!vity : 149. (1 per.cent of ,total) ; number ~f high schools reporting significant increase in ethnic enrollment over past 5 years: 3,008 (20 percent of total); number of h1gh schools reporting significant InCrease 111 ethnic enrolom~nt that expenenced protest: 788 (26 percent of 3,008); number of public city h1gh schools with significant ethnic enrollment increase that experienced protest : 400; rumber of high schools with signifi cant ethnic enrollment increase reporting "riots" as protest activity : 53 (36 percent of 149)1

City public schools with City public schools with significa nt increase in eth nic significant increase in ethnic enrollment in last 5 years enrollment in last 5 years that experienced protest that experienced protest All schools responding (15,086) activity (400) Schools re portin g riots (149) All schools respon ding (15,086) activity (400) Schools reporting riots (149)

1. Location of school: 9. Protest planned in advance: 25 percent, city ______100 percent, city ______70 percent, city. 52 percent, yes ______74 percent, yes ______77 percent, yes. 20 percent, suburb ___ __------21 percent suburb. 48 percent, no ______24 percent, no ______21 percent, no. 54 percent, rural town ______9 percent, rural town. 10. Percentage of students - 2. Enrollment: participating: 68 percent, less than 21 percent, less than 1,000 ___ 22 percent, less tha n 1,000. 59 percent, less than 5 52 percent, less than 5 per­ 46 percent, less than 5 per­ 1,000. percent of students. cent of students. cent of students. 23 percent, 1,000 to 2,000_ 48 percent, 1,000 to 2,000 ____ 43 percent, 1,000 to 2,000. 19 percent, 5 to 10 per­ 23 percent, 5 to 10 percent 24 percent, 5 to 10 percent of 6 percent, 2,000 to 3,000 __ 19 percent, 2,000 to 3,000 ____ 22 percent, to 3,000. cent of students. of students. students (36). 2 percent, over 3,000 _____ 13 percent, over 3,000 ______11 percent, over 3,000. 10 percent, 10 to 25 12 percent, 10 to 25 percent 15 percent, 10 to 25 percent 3. Family mean income: percent of students. of students. of students (22). 6 percent, less than 6 percent, less than $3,000. __ _ 5 percent, less than $3,000. 4 percent, 25 to 50 7 percent, 25 to 50 percent 7 percent, 25 to 50 percent $3,000. percent of students. of students. of students (10). 30 percent, $3,000 to 33 percen t, $3,000 to $5,000 __ 31 percent, $3,000 to $5,000. 2 percent, over 50 2 percent, over 50 percent 2 percent, over 50 percent $5,000. percent of students. of students. of students (2). 49 percent, $5,000 to 53 percent, $5,000 to $10,00 o_ _48 percent, $5,000 to $10,000. 11. Number of injuries in $10,000. protest>: 8 percent, $10,000 to 6 percent, $10,000 to $15,000 __ 10 percent, $10,000 to $15,000. 91 percent none ______76 percent none ______33 percent none. $15,000. 4 percent, 1 to 5 (133 11 percent, 1 to 5______33 percent, 1 to 5. 3 percent, $15,000 and 0.05 percent, $15,000 and 0, $15,000 and over. schools). above. above. 3 percent, 5 to 10 (53 4 percent, 5 to 10 ______16 percent, 5 to 10. 4a. Composition of student schools). population: 1 percent, 10 to 25 (36 2 percent, 10 to 25 ______7 percent, 10 to 25. 93 percent, white 91 percent, white American ___ 86 percent, wh ite American. schools). American. 1 percent, over 25 (37 4 percent, over 25 ______7 percent, over 25. 34 percent, black 88 percent, black American ___ 86 percent, black American. schools). American. 12. Property damage resulting 14 percent, Mexican 28 percent, Mexican American_ 31 percent, Mexican American. from protest: American. 91 fi~ti~ent, less than 73 percent, less than $100 ____ 55 percent, less than $100. 7 percent, Oriental 23 percent, oriental American_ 27 percent, oriental American. American. 3 percent, $100 to $500 __ 11 percent, $100 to $500 ______22 percent, $100 to $500. 4 percent, Puerto Rican 21 percent, Puerto Rican 19 percent, Puerto Rican 1 percent, $500 to 2 percent, $500 to $1 ,000 _____ 8 percent, $500 to $1,000. American. American. American. $1 ,000. 7 percent, American 9 percent, American Indian ___ 13 percent, American Indian. 0.05 percent, over 3 percent, over $1,000 (12 10 percent, over $1,000 (14 Indian. $1,000 (28 schools). schools). schools). 4b. Predominant ethnic enrollment: 13. Police called as a result of 84 percent, white 66 percent, white American __ _ 64 percent, white American. protest: American. 24 percent, yes ______50 percent,yes ______83 percent, yes (124 schools). 8 percent, black 28 percent, black American __ _ 26 percent, black American. 76 percent, no ______47 percent, no ______12 percent, no. American. 14. Tactics of student protest: 3 percent, Mexican 3 percent, Mexican American. 5 percent, Mexican American. 15 percent, boycott (424 32 percent, boycott (129 41 percent, boycott (62 American. schools). schools). schools). 0.36 percent, Oriental 0.25 percent, oriental 0.67 percent, oriental 17 percent, ~rike (473 29 percent, strike (116 30 percent, strike (46 schools). American. American. American. schools). schools). 0.50 percent, Puerto 2 percent, Puerto Rican 1 percent, Puerto Rican 1 percent, riot (149 13 percent, riot (53 schools) __ 100 percent, riol Rican American. American. American. schools). 0.97 percent, American 0.75 percent, American 0, American Indian. 22 percent, sit-in (583 22 percent, sit-in (88 schools)_ 27 percent, sit-in (41 schools). Indian. Indian. schools). 5. Description of school: 27 percent, underground 24 percent, underground 34 percent, underground 85 percent, public ______100 percent public ______97 percent, pub[ic. newspapers (754). newspapers (99 schools). news (51). 8 percent, private ______o . ~~~oe;Q~nt , pnvate (1 46 percent, other tactics 40 percent, other tactics 23 percent, other tactics (35). (1,254 schools). (160 schools). 6 percent, parochiaL ______0, parochi~J. 15. Issues involved in protest: 6. Significant ethnic enrollment increase in past 5 years: 18 percent, curriculum 25 percent, curriculum policy 34 percent, curriculum policy 20 percent, yes(3,008) ___ 100 percent, yes ______56 percent, yes. 8 79 percent, no ______------41 percent, no. 3l~;~~~~i. J~ess codes 22 ~2~lent, dress codes (91) __ 16 <~;~cent, dress codes (25). 7 1 8 (913). · Prot~st ~~~~~Z. i:s a):10) -~ - 100 percent, yes ______100 percent, yes. 15 percent, student po- 22 percent, student political 34 percent, student political 78 percent, no ______------litical organizations organizations (88). organizations (51). (410). 8· Num6~e~~:c~~~ters: 53 percent, 1 (212 schools) ___ 34 percent, I. 34 percent, general dis- 31 percent, general discipli- 48 percent, general discipli­ 20 percent; 2::: ::::: :::: 26 percent, 2 (102 schools) ___ 30 percent, 2. ciplinary rules (941). nary rules (126). nary rules (73). 8 percent, 3______11 percent, 3 (42 schools) ____ 18 percent, 3. 18 percent, teachers or 20 percent, teachers or prin- 36 percent, teachers or prin­ 1 percent, 4 (24 schools) __ 2 percent, 4 (7 schools) ______4 percent, 4. principals (489). cipals (80). cipals (55). 3 percent, 5 or more (83 6 percent , 5 or more (23 12 percent, 5 or more (17 schools). schools). schools). February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4447

City public schools with City public schools with significant increase in ethnic significant increase in eth nic enrollment in last 5 years enrollment in last 5 yea rs that experienced protest that experienced protest All schools responding (15,086) activity (400) Schools reporting riots (149) All schools responding {15,086) activity (400) Schools repo rting riots {149)

24 percent, school ser- 28 percent, school services 33 percent, school services 21. Protest leaders rank aca­ vices and facilities and fa cilities (115). and facilities (45). demically in : (671). 21 percent, top ~ of 10 pe rce nt, top H of class ___ _ 5 pe rcent, top 73 of cl ass. 9 percent, outside 11 percent, outside speake rs 22 percent, outside spea kers class. speakers (246). (47). (34). 17 percent, middle 73- -· 15 percent, middle 73------11 percent, middle 73. 44 percent, other issues 50 percent, other issues (199)_ 48 pe rcent, other issues (73). 25 percent, lower 73----- 38 percent, lower J.) ______46 percent, lower 73. (1,198). 37 percent, cross sec- 37 percent, cross section of 36 percent, cross section of 16. Racia l issues involved in tion of above. above. above. protest: 22. Action taken to reso lve pro- 30 percent, yes (803 59 percent, yes (237 schools). 83 percent, yes. test : schools). 44 percent, appointed 50 pe rce nt, appointed lac- 60 percent, appointed faculty­ 70 percent, no ______36 percent, no ______15 percent, no. facu lty-student com- ulty-student comm ittees. student committees. 17. Specific racial issues : 1 mittees. 25 percent, percentage 35 percent, percentage of 31 percent, percentage of 27 percent, meeti ngs 43 percent, meetings with 25 pe rcent, meetings with of teachers, etc. from teachers, etc. from teachers, etc. from with parents. parents. parents. minority groups. minority groups. minority group. 15 percent, meetings 30 percent, meetings with 50 percent, meeting with 34 percent, ethnic 37 percent, ethnic studies 39 percent, ethnic stud ies with minority groups. minority groups. minority groups. studies programs. programs. programs. 40 percent, alter various 38 percent, alter various 55 pe rcent, after various 99 percent, other issues. 83 percent, other issues _____ 85 percent, other issues. school rules. school rules. school rules. 18. Issues outside school policy: 2 5 pe rcent, approve stu­ 6 pe rcent, approve student 13 percent approve student 22 percent, yes ______30 percent, yes ______33 percent, yes. dent political organiza­ political organizations or political orga nizations or 78 percent, no ______62 percent, no ______62 pe rce nt, no. tions or underground underground newspapers. underground newspapers. 19. Nonstudents involved in newspa pers. protest: 27 pe rcent, other ac­ 29 perce nt, other actions 36 percent, other actions 31 percent, yes (865 51 percent, yes (201 schools)_ 72 percent, yes (107 schools). tions taken. taken . taken. schools). 23. Protest acti vity anticipa ted 69 percent, no ______45 percent, no ______25 percent, no. in 1969- 70 school year: : ~0. If nonstudents, they were- 43 percent, yes 51 pe rcent, yes______65 percent, yes. 43 percent, college 34 percent, college 46 percent, college students. (1 ,172 schoo ls). students. students. 51 pe rcent, no ______42 pe rce nt, no ______28 percent, no. 49 percent, high school 58 percent, high school 77 percent, high school 6 percent, declined to 3 percent, declined to 7 percent, declin ed to dropouts. dropouts. dropouts. respond. re spond. respond. 56 percent, members of 66 percent, members of 67 percent, members of Protest activity anticipated community community orgamzations. commumty organizat ions. in 1969 70 school y ea r:~ organizations.. 14 percent, yes ______------______28 percent, teachers __ __ _ 19 percent, teachers ______22 percent, teachers. 53 percent, no ______32 percent, parents ___ __ 31 percent, parents ______34 percent, parents. 28 percent, declin ed ______30 percent, others ______28 percent, others ______46 percent, others. to respond.

t Percentages are based on number of schools responding " yes" to questions 16 and 19. Note: In this survey, percentages exceed ing 100 percent indicate multiple response; per­ 2Percentage based on number of schools responding "yes" to question 7. centages less than 100 percent indicate no response; numbers in parentheses are actual schools aPercentages based on number of schools responding "Yes" to question 7. represented by pe rcentages. Questions 8 through 16 are based on numbers of schools responding 4 Percentages based on total number of high schools responding. "yes" to question 7. Percentages in questions 18, 21, and 22 are also based on schools responding " yes" to question 7. Percentages in question 17 are based on number of schools responding " yes" to question 16. Percentages in question 20 are based on number of schools respon ding " yes" to question 19.

RESPONSE TO HIGH SCHOOL QUESTIONNAIRE SELECTED URB AN AREAS I

Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Chicago Cleveland Detroit Los Angeles New York City San Francisco St. Louis Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number

1. Total number schools responding _·=· ==--=·=·=--=·=-·===7=8=·=·=·=-·=·=·=--=-= ==4=2 =·=--=·=·=-·=·=·=- ===4=8=--=·=-·=·==·=- -=-===4=3 =·=· =-·=·=-·=·=·=- ===18=5= _·=· =· =-·=·=- =--===2=4=·=·=-·=·=· =-·=·=- = = = 4=7

2. Enrollment: Less than 1,000 ______1,000 to 2,000 ______41 ------43 ------54 ------26 ------38 ------54 ------68 ------2,000 to 3,000 ______26 ------43 ------29 ------28 ------37 ------33 ------9 ------Over 3,000 ______21 ------7 ------8 ------26 ------5 ------8 ------17 ------12 ------7 ------8 ------21 ------15 ------4 ------6 ------3. Family mean income: Less than $3,000 ______4 ------2 ------2 ------2 ------9 ------8 ------6 ------$3,000 to $5,000 ______19 ------35 · ------17 ------$5,000 to $10,000 ______22 ------19 ------18 ------17 ------$10,000 to $15,000 ______56 ------43 ------63 ------51 ------48 ------58 ------40 ------$15,000 and above ______6 ------26 ------10 ------9 ------13 ------4 ------23 ------8 ------10 ------0 ------2 ------8 ------8 ------13 ------lA. Approximate composition student bo$Jh:ite American ______82 ------83 ·------90 ------67 ------91 ------92 ------96 ------Black American_------Mexican American ______65 ------55 ------65 ------77 ------67 ------71 ------51 ------58 ------Oriental American ______32 ------0 ------27 ------72 ------1 ------2 ------5 ------20 ------42 ------21 ------63 ------4 ------Puerto Rican American ______18 ------American Indian ______29 ------7 ------6 ------5 ------54 ------21 ------0 ------6 ------5 ------8 ------12 ------2 ------17 ------0 ------4B. Predominant ethnic enrollment: White American ______Black American ______68 ------71 ------60 ------47 ------70 ------63 ------85 ------27 ------29 ------31 ------30 ------11 ------25 ------13 ------Mexican American ______19 ------Oriental American ______1 ------0 ------4 ------0 ------4 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------Puerto Rican American ______0 ------0 ------0 ------American Indian ______1 ------· 0 ------0 ------0 ------12 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------.05 -----·---- 4 ------0 ------5. Description of school: Public ______------______47 37 67 28 54 26 79 33 55 102 46 11 43 20 Private ____ • ______26 2 19 8 17 8 6 3 25 47 21 5 36 17 ParochiaL ______27 2 12 5 29 14 15 7 19 36 33 8 21 10 6. Significant increase in ethnic en­ rollment in last 5 years: Yes . ___ ------51 41 29 12 42 20 58 25 44 82 54 13 32 15 No. ______------49 ------· 70 ------58 ------42 ------56 46 ------68 ------7. Protest activity in 1968- 69: ------Yes. _____ ------46 36 21 9 35 17 51 22 41 70 29 7 17 8 No. ______------54 ------79 ------65 ------49 59 ------71 ------83 ------8. If yes, number of protests: ·------1.------33 12 67 6 65 11 45 10 41 29 28 2 75 2.------28 10 22 2 23 4 27 6 33 23 28 2 13 1 3. ------17 6 11 1 6 1 9 2 11 8 28 2 0 ------54_------or more ------______33 1 0 ------0 ------5 1 4 3 0 ------0 ------19 7 0 ······--·· 6 1 14 3 10 7 14 1 13 1 Foot notes at end of table. 4448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970

RESPONSE TO HIGH SCHOOL QUESTIONNAIRE SELECTED URBAN AREAS '-Continued

Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Chicago Cleveland Detroit Los Angeles New York City San Francisco St. Louis Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number

9. Protests planned in advance: Yes __ ------____ --_ 89 32 89 8 82 14 68 15 90 63 57 4 87 7 No ______------_ 11 ------11 ------18 ------32 ------10 ------43 ------13 ------10. Percentage of students participat- ing in protests: less than 5 percent______27 ------77 ------59 ------54 ------57 ------14 ------62 ------5 to 10 percent______19 ------11 ------24 ------18 ------29 ------28 ------37 ------10 to 25 percent______27 ------0 ------12 ------10 ------7 ------43 ------0 ------25 to 50 percent______22 ------0 ------0 ------5 ------4 ------0 ------0 ------Over 50 percent______5 ------11 ------5 ------0 ------3 ------14 ------0 ------11. Number of injuries in protests: None ______------61 ------88 ------82 ------77 ------83 ------51 ------75 ------1 to 5 injuries ______10 ------11 ------12 ------5 ------14 ------28 ------25 ------5 to 10 injuries ______9 ------0 ------6 ------10 ------3 ------7 ------0 ------10 to 25 injuries_------8 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------Over 25 injuries ______9 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------0 ------12. Property damage: less than :noo ______82 ------$100 to $500 ______61 ------77 ------68 ------81 ------43 ------87 ------10 ------0 ------12 ------0 ------3 ------28 ------0 ------$500 to $1,000 ______22 ------Over $1,000 ______8 ------0 ------5 ------1 ------28 ------0 ------8 ------0 ------6 ------18 ------7 ------14 ------0 ------13. Police called as a result of protest: Yes __ ------63 ------33 ------51 ------41 ------70 ------71 ------50 ------No ______------24 ------66 ------49 ------54 ------30 ------28 ------50 ------14. Tactics of student protest: Boycott______53 19 0 ------29 5 27 6 39 27 43 3 38 Strike ______--- 30 11 22 2 53 9 32 7 64 45 43 3 13 1 Riot ______25 9 0 ------12 2 18 4 13 9 43 3 0 ------Sit-in ______-- __ ------33 12 0 ------6 1 32 7 27 19 57 4 50 4 Underground paper ______36 13 44 4 18 3 50 11 40 28 43 3 38 3 Other tactics ______------36 13 77 7 53 9 27 6 40 28 43 3 50 4 15. Issues involved in protest: Curriculum policy ______42 15 22 2 18 3 23 5 31 22 71 38 3 Dress codes ______19 7 33 3 24 4 32 7 33 23 14 38 3 Student political organizations_ 30 11 22 2 29 5 55 12 27 19 71 5 38 3 General disciplinary rules ____ _ 36 13 44 4 0 ------18 4 37 26 57 4 25 2 Teachers or principals ______36 13 22 2 41 7 14 3 20 14 0 ------38 3 School services and facilities __ 39 14 33 3 24 4 18 4 36 25 100 7 25 2 Outside speakers ______25 9 11 1 12 2 14 3 9 6 14 1 13 1 Other issues ___ ------42 15 22 2 53 9 45 10 46 32 71 5 63 5 16. Racial issues involved in protest: Yes ______------75 27 33 3 35 6 41 9 40 28 86 38 No ______------22 8 66 6 76 13 55 12 60 42 14 63 17. If yes, specific racial issues: I Percentage of teachers/administrators from- Minority groups ______48 ------33 ------67 ------11 ------54 ------83 ------0 ------Ethnic studies ______48 ------33 ------33 ------11 ------54 ------100 ------67 ------Other issues ______74 ------66 ------67 ------100 ------93 ------17 ------100 ------18. Were issues outside regular school policy: Yes ______------26 ------11 ------43 ------23 ------44 ------14 ------25 ------No ______------59 ------77 ------57 ------54 ------56 ------86 ------75 ------19. Nonstudents involved: Yes ___ ------____ ------56 23 55 5 51 10 63 14 55 39 100 7 25 2 No ______------29 ------44 ------43 ------32 ------44 ------14 ------75 ------20. lf yes. they were: 1 College students ______26 6 0 ------30 36 49 19 43 50 High school dropouts ______78 18 60 3 60 36 38 15 71 100 Members ot community orga- nizations _____ ------70 16 20 60 6 71 10 44 17 86 6 100 Teachers ______--- 26 6 20 1 30 3 29 4 51 20 29 2 50 Parents ______------30 7 0 ------50 5 14 2 26 10 14 1 100 Others ______------35 8 20 1 20 2 14 2 44 17 43 3 50 21. Protest leaders rank academically in: Top l /3ofclass ______11 4 33 12 2 18 4 24 17 0 ------12 Middle 1/3 ------­ 8 3 22 12 2 18 4 13 9 28 2 12 Lower 1t3·------44 16 22 0 ------32 7 13 9 43 3 37 Crcss-section ____ ------____ _ 36 13 11 71 12 27 6 43 30 43 3 37 22. Actions to resolve protest: Appoint faculty/student com- mittees ______---_ 53 19 66 64 11 41 9 73 51 100 7 87 Meetings with parents ______53 19 77 43 7 63 14 34 24 86 6 50 Meetings with minority groups in community ______36 14 11 12 36 8 16 11 86 6 25 Alter various school rules ____ _ 50 18 33 47 27 6 44 31 71 5 37 Approve student political or­ gans or underground news- papers ______------_ 8 3 11 6 4 1 6 4 43 0 ------Other ______------42 15 11 29 36 8 30 21 28 0 ------23. Protests anticipated in 1970: I Yes ______------28 22 26 11 38 18 33 14 26 49 17 4 13 6 No ______------41 32 48 20 46 22 51 22 49 90 67 16 64 30 No reply ______31 24 26 11 16 8 16 7 25 46 17 4 23 11

1 Percentages in question 23 are based on total number of schools responding from each city, sponse; percentages less than 100 percent indicate no response; percentages in questions 8 per question 1. throu{l.h 16 are based on numbers of schools responding "yes" to question 7· percentages in quest10ns 18, 21, and 22 are also based on schools responding "yes" to question 7; percentages Note: This represents returns received from schools in th~ metropolitan ar!!as. in and su~round­ ing the cities indicated. In this survey, percentages exceedmg 100 percent rnd1cate multiple re- \~ ~~:~~!~~ iJ ;:: .J'a~~~d 0~n n~:h~~~~f~cs~~~~~e~~stnoJi~~n~.;~~~~~o t~u~~fi~~ol9.16; percentages February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4449 DR. ARTHUR F. BURNS SHOWS a finger at the Nixon Administration for and political ally, Steve Maeras served SCOPE FOR THE JOB underestimating the strength of infiationary as the first and only mayor of Madison pressures last year. Burns had been saying after its incorporation as a city in 1942. this privately while still Counselor to the His political and civic career date back HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON President. Now, he put it on the record: "The unified budget concept (masking a; to the mid-1930's, and he had been a OF UTAH federal funds deficit) caused a little diffi-. partner in an insurance company since IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES culty. It gave us the feeling we were being a 1944. Monday, February 23, 1970 little more conservative on the fiscal side Born in Bucharest, Rumania, July 4, than we really were. Then, we talked a little 1906, Steve Maeras moved to Madison Mr. BURTON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, too much about 'gradualism.' The policy was with his family when he was 4 years old. there was an interesting story by Hobart all right, but talking about it so much helped He attended Madison elementary schools Rowen in the business and finance sec­ to sustain strong inflationary expectations." and graduated from Madison High tion of yesterday's Washington Post re­ (This was an open poke at Economic Council Chairman PaUl w. McCracken.) School. In 1932 he graduated from La garding Dr. Arthur F. Burns, the very But as a card-carrying Republican he in­ Salle Extension University and continued capable new Chairman of the Federal sisted that infiation had really begun to get to attend classes at Washington Uni­ Reserve System. It quoted him as saying out of hand as early as 1963, and "the deep­ versity, St. Louis. that we are not in a recession at present est mistakes" were made in the Johnson Elected to the Madison School Board and that he does not think we are going Administration. in 1937, Steve Maeras served on the to get into one. I found the article quite Nor was the Fed's own staff spared a sharp board for 6 years, during which time he reassuring and therefore bring it to critique: he said bluntly that staff projec­ tions last year helped to create a belief the won election in 1939 to the Madison Vil­ the attention of those of my colleagues Fed was planning merely a brief period of lage Board of Trustees. who may have missed it: monetary restraint. Actually, the kind of When the village of Madison was in­ BURNS SHOWS SCOPE FOR THE JOB AS ECONOMY austere monetary policy that proved to be corporated as a city in 1942, Steve BEGINS CRUCIAL TEST needed was Much greater than the Fed staff Maeras was elected mayor and served in Best show in town last week was a set of (or anyone else) had dreamed. that capacity until his death. During his hearings conducted by the Joint Economic The general impression is tha+. things are tenure the city of Madison developed Committee of Congress-and the st-ar per­ going to be much different at the Fed. The former was Arthur F. Bums, new Chairman pipe-smoking economist told Senator Javits into one of the soundest communities of the Federal Reserve System. of New York, for example, that if he had financially in the area. One didn't go for laughs: this was all seri­ been in charge "some months ago," he Mayor Maeras is survived by his wife, ous stuff. The underlying theme, as Nixon would have been sympathetic to credit con­ Mrs. Nigel Maeras; one son, Jerry S. adm.i:nistration witnesses put it, was that a trols that would have choked off part of the Maeras; one daughter, Mrs. Robert sluggish economy is now entering a crucial, flow of loans to businesses for less essential "Penny" Phillips; one stepdaughter, question-mark period. expansion. Mrs. J. C. "Betsy" Ritchie; one brother, Will it spill over into a recession with That's something the Democrats would Madison County Treasurer John Maeras; heavy unemployment? Will a disastrous in­ still like to see done, but they couldn't move flation in prices and interest rates ever come Burns to their side: "Let's keep this under two sisters, Mrs. Peter "Vicki" Skundrich down? Will the Federal Reserve Board, riding observation," he said. "Let's not be ideologi­ and Mrs. Marie McDaid, and five grand­ to the rescue, misjudge things as it did in cal or dogmatic." children. 1967 and 1968, rekindling the inflationary A willingness to be flexible and open­ It was my privilege to join in eulogiz­ fires? minded was a constantly restated theme. For ing Mayor Maeras. At this point in the Like the old-time movie serials, the only example, while he told Senator Stuart Sy­ RECORD, I am including the eulogy I certain answers will come in future instal­ mington that he opposed wage and price delivered Wednesday, February 18, at melllts. controls, he added: "I'm not an ideological But Burns, although wa.rning that "I'm economist, and I'm always ready to reassess the 2 p.m. funeral services for Steve no prophet," was willing to lay his long and my position." In respect to changing the Maeras at the Madison First Union distinguished reputation on the line. standard mortgage instrument so more mon­ Methodist Church: "There's been some loose talk in this coun­ ey might flow into housing, "we have got To eulogize my dear departed friend Steve try about a recession," he told the Com­ to be more inventive and less lethargic." Maeras is to reflect on thirty-eight years of mittee. "But we don't have a recession (now) He's against "jawboning," but promptly warm friendship with a man whose word was and I don't think we're going to have it." indulge<·. in it to suggest that businessmen his bond, whose courage was stripped of More than any other man in the coun­ and union leaders follow the example of the vanity and whose conviction was without try-not excluding the President himself­ President in postponing a Federal pay in­ brashness. Bums is able to make a meaningful prog­ crease: "Something like moderation if not It is with a sense of profound respect and nostication of this kind. For it is up to the a moratorium (on pay increases) would be admiration that I speak of Steve in mourn­ Federal Reserve Board and its Open Market very helpful at the present time." ing his loss, humbly thankful for the time I COmmittee, both of which he heads, to He wound up with a bow to the "brilliance" knew him. To speak of a friend like Steve in establish and change the basic monetary of the Fed staff of economists (balm for the the past tense does not come easy for me. policy of the country. earlier criticism) and a bit of wrist-slapping But I am consoled by the fact that his And while he was careful, adhering to the for other academic types. "I'm going to draw memory will remain with us because of his Central Bankers' code of not tipping capi­ on business and banking economists as well devotion to his family, his community and tal markets of precise plans, Burns clearly as academic economists," Burns said. his fellow man. His legacy of great leadership indic81ted that monetary policy had been "I think our discussions will be a little will stand the test of time and sustain his drawn too tight, and would be cautiously more realistic. I've noticed that when aca­ memory for those who follow. relaxed in 1970. demic economists enter a discussion, they To eulogize Steve Maeras is to speak of a Congressional Democrats are maintaining fix their gaze on some other economist, and man skilled in the political process. He was a professional degree of skepticism. They try to impress him. We may get better re­ a political man to whom ideas and people both fear and anticipate a recession and sults this way.'' were the stuff of life. higher unemployment; this naturally would Time will tell, as Burns himself said. By He was a public man who gave himself to work to their advantage in elections later next year, Democrats may find Burns as the public's business with zeal and this year. good a whipping boy as William McC. Martin. enthusiasm. But it was also evident after the hearings But for the moment, there's a honeymoon. He was a man of courage and independ­ last week that Burns' appointment to the ence. Federal Reserve Chairmanship has brought He was a man of talent, enterprise and with it a new mood of confidence that the THE HONORABLE STEPHEN A. skill. country will emerge from its current eco­ MAERAS He was a man gifted in the art of govern­ nomic trauma in pretty good shape, albeit ment. not unscathed. From the time we first met in 1932 until "Your appointment," said Sen. William HON. MELVIN PRICE his death I liked Steve as a man. Loved him Proxmire (D-Wisc.), "is probably the best OF ILLINOIS as an American. Enjoyed him as a friend. that President Nixon has made." Admired him as a leader. Supported him as a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Not a bashful man, Burns no doubt pri­ Mayor. vately agrees. He has enormous confidence in Monday, February 23, 1970 Our relationship was forged in a crucible of himself and his capacity to keep cool under mutual trust and respect. To be here today is stress. He is something of a task-master and Mr. PRICE of illinois. Mr. Speaker, on the least I can do to honor .a man devoted is said to be difficult to work for, but he Monday, February 16, of last week I was to his family, his friends, his religion and undoubtedly has the scope for the job. saddened to learn of the death of the his chosen work. This all came through in a three-hour Honorable Stephen A. Maeras, mayor of What is lost by Steve's passing can be re­ session in which he didn't hesitate to point Madison, Til. A longtime personal friend membered in our minds, recalled in our 4450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 words and revered in our hearts. But what are wives or widows, children who cannot men have tried appeals to representatives of has not been lost will endure in more mean­ be told whether their father lives or has Hanoi ~n Paris and through other sources ingful ways. So very much has not been lost. given his life for his country. to learn whether their husbands are alive. So very much remains. The efforts have been in vain. The industrial park which he championed We continue to hear great sermons All this has cast a shadow over the "peace" vigorously remains as a living memorial to from the left on the subject of humani­ negotiations at Pa!is. A question is raised Steve. His foresight, his vision and his te­ tarianism, world peace through law, the now whether any regime in Hanoi can be nacity in making that complex a reality sym­ United Nations, world public opinion, relied on to adhere to future agreements it bolizes Steve's sense of purpose and his un­ and similar claptrap. Not one of these may sign. tiring devotion to his community. devices has shown any interest or any Why does the Hanoi Government withhold He loved Madison and its people. He came potential value in obtaining the treat­ information concerning the prisoners? Why from the people and he remained part of ment of our fighting men which is pro­ will it not furnish at least a list of those who them throughout his life. A week barely went are still alive? What possible military pur­ by in my otnce that I did not receive a call vided by the Geneva Convention, to pose is served in keeping this information or a letter from Steve on behalf of someone which Hanoi has acceded. secret? There is no logic whatsoever in the in the area. Steve was truly devoted to It becomes abundantly more clear. The position taken by the North Vietnamese Gov­ serving the people, regardless of their poli­ Nation which has no will to prosecute a ernment, and surely it can win no friends by tics. war to its victorious conclusion has such a course. Steve was partisan in his politics and one abandoned its :fighting men taken pris­ What are the other nations of the world of the finest Democrats I ever met. Yet when oner, and cannot redeem them. Perhaps doing about it? What are the allles of North it came to serving people in the community Vietnam-particularly Red China and the and Madison County he knew no partisan­ its citizens, acting independently, must Soviet Union-saying to Hanoi? The people ship. People were people and Steve Maeras do so. of the world have a right to know why mil­ saw to it that when they were in need he A timely editorial comment by the dis­ itary assistance continues to be given to a was there to help. tinguished David Lawrence, in the cur­ government that treats human beings with Today we hear a lot of talk about the rent U.S. News & World Report, again incredible cruelty. dawning of a new age, the Age of Aquarius; reminds us of our obligation, and I insert Isn't it about time, too, that the countries that is the age of the humanist. For Steve it in the RECORD with my remarks: of the free world spoke out? Isn't there a Maeras there is nothing new about this. He humanitarian instinct somewhere in the DoEs HANo:r HAVE A HEART? was always a humanist, firmly believing in United ~ations that can be expressed in a the dignity of his fellow man and the Chris­ (By David Lawrence) cause like this? tian principle of lending a helping hand to What has happened to the 1,354 American Surely the world hasn't been broken apart some one in need. servicemen missing in action in Vietnam to the extent that an international organiza­ As we eulogize Steve today, we pay honor over the past five years? Information has tion such as the United Nations can stand to a man who felt deeply about the political been received from one source or another aside and pay no attention to what is hap­ process. Steve was a man who participated in that 422 are being held in North Vietnam, pening in North Vietnam with respect to the the political life for the better part of his but nothing whatsoever has been disclosed treatment of the captives and their families! a

THE GIANT HARVEST FROM SPACE-TODAY AND 22,300 miles high; at that altitude, its requi­ ago, now has 132,000 shareholders, total as­ TOMORROW site speed is such that it remains stationary sets approaching $300 million, and annual (By James J. Haggerty) with respect to a point on the earth's sur­ operating revenues of about $45 million. face. From its lofty perch, a single satellite Impressive as are the benefits to date, the "What is space research doing for me?" can "see" approximately forty percent of the comsat has barely scraped the surface of the John Jones, average American citizen, earth: three of them can cover the globe lode. Already in hardware development are shrugs. "I was awed and thrilled by the with considerable overlap. new types of satellites that offer exciting po­ moon landing. I had a great feeling of na­ The synchronous satellite is already in tential for the near future. tional pride that we, and not t.he Russians, regular operational service in the global com­ Channel capacity is the major key to had done it. But as for benefits, all I can munications network operated by the sixty­ further growth of the comsat network be­ think of offhand is international television. nine-member International Telecommunica­ cause higher capacity is directly translatable Maybe the moon rocks are important, but I tions Satellite Consortium (Intelsat). It into lower costs, hence wider usage. The com­ don't understand that part of it." serves as a relay tower in the sky, picking up sat is inherently a high-capacity system and John Jones's attitude typifies that of many signals beamed from an earth station and advancing technology is widening the capac­ people, but it is a myopic viewpoint. The transmitting them to another point on earth ity gap between satellites and terrestrial US space investment is already paying hand­ or to another satellite. Synchronous capa­ cables. The most advanced cable, in devel­ some dividends, "hard" benefits of practical bility is now being extended to other appli­ opment but not yet in service, has 720 chan­ value as well as the little-understood gains cations satellites whose primary payloads will nels. A new satellite called Intelsat IV ini­ in scientific knowledge and national prestige. be a variety of earth-watching "remote sen­ tially will have some 6,000 two-way chan­ The benefits include new techniques, new sors." nels-a greater capacity than all currently processes, new services, new products, even Sensor development was pioneered by the operating satellites combined-and later ver­ new companies forrped to exploit the wealth Air Force, as early as 1958, for use in sur­ sions may have as many as 10,000. Intelstat of technological know-how accumulated in veillance and early-warning spacecraft. The IV is a now advancement; it is already be­ twelve years of concentrated space effort. technological foundation thus provided led ing fabricated and it is slated for regular Collectively, these innovations contribute to to recent development of several types of service starting next year. Behind it, inevi­ an improved standard of living and produce highly sophisticated civil-use sensors, which tably, will come even larger comsa.ts. a concrete boost to the general economy run­ can be used to monitor various conditions of Capacity of the order offered by Intelsat ning to tens of millions of dollars. the atmosphere, the surface, or the subsur­ IV will spark a number of innovations. A Substantial as it is, the current flow from face. Some sensors are detectors-for in­ probability, already proposed, is a domestic the well-spring of space technology is only stance, instruments that take temperature satellite system for the US, a single satellite a trickle compared with the flood to come. readings of the atmosphere. Others are pic­ hanging stationary over Los Angeles and And it is coming not in some nebulous, dis­ ture-taking devices, though not cameras in linking the United mates from Hawaii to tant future, but now-within the decade just the ordinary sense; called "multispectral im­ the Virgin Islands. The system would supple­ starting. agers," they photograph in both the visible ment, not replace, the existing terrestrial The transfer of technology from the realm and nonvisible bands of the light spectrum system, and it would offer particular ad­ of space science to the civil economy is not and show many features of the earth that vantages to Alaska, where cities are widely an overnight process; it takes years, some­ the human eye cannot see. The combination dispersed and landline connections are times a decade or more. Because the primary of synchronous satellite and remote sensors inadequate. space-research thrust came with Apollo, opens up a fascinating new range of earth­ Greater capacity will also stimulate in­ which reached its technological peak in 1965 surveillance capabilities, which promises con­ creases in international TV programming, and 1966, a rapid acceleration of technology crete benefits of staggering dimensions. and direct-dialing phone calls to London, transfer is expected in the next few years. THE COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE Hong Kong, or Tokyo may become as com­ Space systems that promise enormous prac­ monplace as the holiday long-distance call to tical benefit to mankind have progressed The communications satellite, or "com­ the folks back home. And that long-awaited from the theoretical to the "feasible" stage, sat," owes its exceptional utility in long­ Buck Rogers device, the videophone, bids fair and the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ distance message relay to the fact that, gen­ to become an everyday reality. Channel ca­ ministration has initiated their development erally speaking, radio waves must travel in pacity has slowed its arrival, because it takes for near-future civil use. That these pro­ a straight "line-of-sight" path; they cannot the equivalent of 100 telephone circuits to grams will get the requisite backing is clear bend with the curvature of the earth and, carry on a single two-way photophone con­ from stated Administration policy, sup­ therefore, the distance that a radio signal versation. But the new breed of high­ ported by congressional leaders, that aims to can be transmitted through the atmosphere capacity, low-cost comsats will bring the "increase utilization of space capabilities for is sharply limited. Before the comsat came videophone into wide usage as a tool of services to man through an expanded space along, it was necessary to route long-distance international commerce. Since the videotube applications program." radio signals either by cable or by means of can carry charts, graphs, and other informa­ Thus, the real payoff is about to begin. tall relay towers, each in line-of-sight, or tion presentations, as well as face-to-face The evident benefits are tremendous in po­ within about thirty miles of its neighbor. long-distance conversation, it offers vast po­ tential. They span a broad spectrum ranging Either alternative is expensive, but the yearly tential as a tele-conference system for busi­ from new levels of convenience to direct cost of a satellite channel runs about one­ nessmen, capable of more than paying its applications in the most pressing areas of sixth that of a circuit on a submarine cable. way in travel expenses saved. global concern-food shortages in an over­ The major benefit accuruing from the Some experts feel that the biggest impact populated world, public health, air and water comsat, of course, is international television. of the comsat may lie neither in TV nor tele­ pollution, education, transportation safety, It is generally agreed that, without the com­ phony, but in the rapid transmission of data law enforcement, and urban development. sat, overseas TV would still be a "someday" from source to user, by linking together They promise new levels of business em­ thing, because a single TV channel is equiv­ widely separated computers and other data­ ciency, improved resources management, ac­ alent to about 1,000 voice channels, and processing equipment. Such systems might celeration discovery of oil and minerals, and that imposes prohibitive cost and capacity have video channels, but in most cases video reduction of life and property losses from considerations. is not needed; the information can be sent in natural disasters. Television, however, constitutes only two computer-language and teleprinted in read­ And they offer economic returns of a very percent of the Intelsat system's current able form at the other end of the circuit. significant order. Existing estimates, admit­ workload. The broader benefit of the com­ A major example is transmission of man­ tedly conservative, warrant the prediction sat has been in direct economic gain to world agement information-inventory and pro­ that, by the end of the decade, the direct commerce, due to increased business em­ duction-control data, for example-from a economic benefits stemming from space-orig­ ciency by virtue of cheaper and more reliable long-distance communications. The comsa.t number of plants to a central headquarters. inated technology will far exceed the antic­ Another is transfer of the latest medical ipated annual funding for space research. has also greatly increased the availability of circuits for transoceanic phone conversa­ knowledge from research centers and great APPLICATIONS SATELLITES tions. In 1963, there were only 500 such cir­ library complexes to outlying precincts where Space benefits are grouped in two cate­ cuits and one could count on a lengthy wait such information is not available. Services gories. "Derived" benefits are those, like new for a connection. Today, the Intelsat system like these are not particularly new. Computer products and processes, derived from the alone provides more than 3,000 simultane­ interconnection was pioneered by the mili­ general fund of technological knowledge. ously usable circuits; a single satellite al­ tary services in the 1950s, and it is now "Direct" benefits are those provided by or­ ready operational-Intelsat III-has roughly making inroads in commercial applications. biting spacecraft, or "applications" satellites, ten times the channel capacity of an in­ But existing systems employ landllne inter­ which do earth jobs better or perform tasks service submarine cable. connections that, in most instances, are that cannot be accomplished by earth­ The comsat paid an extra dividend to the more costly. The coming generation of com­ based systems. US economy in stimulating the formation of sats can bring about a big boom in data A type of spacecraft that has special util­ Communications Satellite Corp., Intelsat's transmission. ity in practical applications is the "syn­ American member, which developes the space THE BROADCAST SATELLITE chronous" satellite, whose movement in hardware and manages the global network From the standpoint of general benefit to space 1s synchronized with the earth's ro­ for the consortium. Comsat Corp., a privately the world, rather than direct economic bene­ tation. The satellite is directed into an orbit owned company that did not exist six years fit to the U.S., the most important project 4452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 in the space communications field is a com­ as 1974, with a single satellite capable of timate its force, and predict when and where pletely new type of comsat called the broad­ linking all of the nation's 560,000 villages. it wlll strike inhabited areas. Metsat warn­ cast satellite. This is a system that can send The potential is enormous. With a dearth of ings have cheated many a hurricane or ty­ its signal directly to the home TV set or to teachers and educational facilities, no inter­ phoon of its anticipated toll of casualties. a community antenna, bypassing the inter­ connecting system of TV landlines and in­ But the capability of the existing metsa.t vening complex of ground facilities needed by sumcient funds to build one, India can use system is limited. The satellites operate in the point-to-point comsat. the space satellite as an immediate instruc­ relatively low-altitude orbits, circling the Existing comsats, designed with size and tional tool for the uplift of its 500,000,000 earth every two hours or so. In. that way, they weight considerations in mind, operate at people. can photograph most of the earth in a extremely low power levels; their small an­ The project has excited wide discussion in twenty-four-hour period, but they observe tennas can pick up only a very strong signal the United Nations, in other international no given a.rea continually, as would be pos­ from a ground station, and their transmit­ forums, and in the executive chambers of sible with a stationary satellite. Although ting equipment sends only a very weak sig­ developing nations all over the world. The cloud-cover photos are a valuable addition to nal back to earth. This is no handicap in low-cost aspects of direct broadcasting by the meteorologist's data file, they are just point-to-point communications, such as are satellite have implications of enormous di­ that-a supplement to conventional meth­ being relayed around the world by In.telsat. mensions. At a fraction of the cost and ods of gathering atmospheric data, rather Intelsat's ground complex has forty stations, about one-tenth the time it would take to than a primary system. which generate great power and have giant build a conventional communications net­ Reliable forecasts need more than cloud­ antennas, ranging in diameter from thirty work, a developing nation can acquire a na­ cover input. The source of the earth's weath­ to almost 100 feet, and capable of picking tionwide communications network. The er is energy radiated from the sun, which up the weakest transmission from space. The broadcast comsat can help knit a burgeon­ penetrates the atmosphere and triggers a va- ground equipment amplifies the signals and ing country more closely together, speed the . riety of changing conditions. The primary direct.s them via landlines or microwave tow­ growth of commerce and technology, and clues to the distribution of solar energy, ers to local TV stations, whose own powerful bring entertainment to people who have hence the type of weat her that can be ex­ transmitters beam the image to home TV known little. More importantly, it affords a pected, are temperature, pressure, the move­ sets. direct attack on some of the world's most ment of air masses, and the moisture con­ In. the broadcast satellite, a reverse tech­ pressing ills through its use as an educa­ tent of the air. Such information is currently nique is employed: the satellite, rather than tional medium. India's planned targets, for obtained from aircraft, ships, rockets, bal­ the ground station, has the primary power instance--overpopulation and low yield per loons, ocean buoys, radars, and visual obser­ source. This is accomplished by equipping acre of tillable land-are examples of major vations from the ground. There are some the spacecraft with nuclear power, huge bat­ problem areas susceptible to improvement 7,000 stations reporting the data, but even teries, fuel cells such as those that supply by mass instruction. so they cover only one-fifth of the earth's electricity to Apollo, or with enormous "solar THE WEATHER SATELLITE surface and reports are periodic rather than arrays"-banks of thousands of cells that continuous. draw energy directly from the sun. The Last September, shortly after the launch What is needed for a global, long-range broadcast satellite also has a very large an­ of Nimbus III, NASA's most advanced me­ weather-forecasting system? First, atmos­ tenna, as big as some of those on earth, and teorological satellite, there occurred an inci­ pheric measurements over the entire earth, it can be sharply focused to increase signal dent that received scant attention from the by means of satellites equipped with vertical strength. news media but had space scientists turning sounding sensors capable of providing all the cartwheels. Orbiting 600 miles above Kings­ data now acquired by other means. The This means that a space communications ton, Jamaica, Nimbus III relayed to earth signal can be acquired by a simple, inexpen­ space system will probably include low-alti­ a complete "profile" of the temperatures at tude satellites for certain applications, but sive ground sta·~ion with a relatively small every altitude from the ground up to the top antenna, which can receive broadcasts di­ the main workload will fall to a network of of the atmosphere. Later comparison showed synchronous, stationary metsats that can rectly, eliminating the necessity for the the readings to be completely accurate; the elaborate ground complex. If the satellite relay simultaneous and continuous informa­ profile coincided almost identically with one tion. has enough power, the home TV can qualify taken by a balloon launched from Kingston as a ground station with slight modification, But the satellite segment of the system is at the same time. "only one leg of the stool," as one space costing an estimated $125. An interim alter­ The achievement may not sound like much native for underdeveloped nations that have scientist put.s it. The satellite simply ac­ to the layman, who might think that tem­ quires information; the information must no TV is the community receiver, capable of perature-reading equipment is standard on be put to work by people. It must be col­ displaying a large-screen picture in the local all weather satellites. It is not; until Nimbus school, town hall, or the village elder's back­ m, the informational capability of the lected from the satellites, transmitted to yard. waather satellite, or "metsat," was confined regional receiving stations, analyzed, trans­ Direct broadcast to the home tube can be to photographic coverage of the earth's cloud lated into usable form, and delivered to available within the decade if demand is cover. weathermen all over the globe. This demands demonstrated. Community TV is much closer. Nimbus III's accomplishment represented a system of interconnected, computerized The National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ a very impoTtant breakthrough in metsat de­ data-transmission facilities far beyond any­ ministmtion is already developing the first velopment. Made possible by a new instru­ thing in existence today. spacecraft capable of such transmission. ment called SIRS (for Satellite Infrared An even more important requirement is Called Applications Technology Satellite F Spectrometer), it pioneered a technique what scientists call a mathematical model. (ATS F), it is a large, sun-powered craft with known as "vertical sounding,'' in which This is a computerized numerical repre­ the biggest antenna ever designed for in­ highly sophisticated sensors in the satellite sentation of the composition of the atmos­ space use, a thirty-foot dish that is folded measure the various conditions in the atmos­ phere, a basic reference point for deter­ during launch and deployed automatically in phere that contribute to changes in the mining what the weather will be like under orbit. In. 1972, the governments of the Unit­ weather. These sensors, coupled with other a given set of conditions. One might think ed States and India will use A TS F in a joint metsat technological advances and concom­ that in an explosive scientific era that has space-benefit demonstration of extraordinary itant improvement in the ground-based witnessed landings on the moon such a significance, a far-reaching experiment in weather-analysis system, hold the key to ac­ model already exists. But weather is a com­ satellite-relayed mass-instructional TV. curate weathemall as there are other benefits, due to the fact that chronous metsat with a full range of sensors the length of a submarine. the navsat also doubles as a communications and that at least a prototype of the global, The Navy navsat, however, is oriented to­ satellite, permitting voice linkage be1iween long-range forecasting system-satellites ward position determination for the indi­ ship and shore. This allows the transmission and earth components--will become a reality vidual boat rather than surveillance of a of up-to-the-minute regional-weather advi­ by the end of the decade. large number of craft, so it cannot be read­ sories so that ships can steer clear of storms. When such a system becomes fully opera­ ily adapted to civil use. Using the Navy's It also offers more reliable, lower-cost direct tional, it can provide staggering benefits. experience as a departure point, civil agen­ contact between company offices and ships Since everybody is a weather expert, one cies are working toward development of a anywhere in the world. can conjure up his own vision of a world in combined navigation/traffic control syt;tem Ther~ are no concrete estimates as to the which the weather is known two weeks, three for both marine and aviation employment. economic potential of the navsat as regards weeks, even a month in advance. Some major It has sweeping potential for benefits in surface shipping, but it is clear that they are examples of the advantages include better safety and in economic return. of a substantial order. Precision navigation pla~ning for all forms of transportation, par­ The proposed system envisions a pair of is, in itself, a money-saver in fuel costs and ticularly aviation; reduced loss of crops from stationary satellites over each of the oceans. reduced time at sea. Direct home-office-to­ weather changes; reduction of :flood and Each satellite, its location in space known ship contact offers wider flexibility in sched­ storm damage; optimum scheduling of work preciSely, becomes in effect an artificial star, uling and routing, an important factor in force, machinery, and materials delivery at a reference point for fixing aircraft and ship merchant shipping. And the prevention of construction sites; and better management positions. In operation, each of the two satel­ even a minor collision offers corollary sav­ of public utilities through advance knowl­ lites sends a continuous radio beam which ings far beyond the cost of damages. Take, edge of -load requirements and efficient is picked up by a receiver in a "mobile"­ for example, the oil-shipping industry, scheduling of maintenance operations. the term used to embrace both planes and where efficient operation entails tight coor­ A:mong the broadest benefits, aside from ships-and triggered back to the satellities. dination of ship dockings and oil flow. The general public convenience, are savings of Computer translation of the time it takes removal of a single ship from service can life and property, a substantial gain in world­ the signal to travel from mobile to satellite cause a temporary shutdown of an oil field wide crop yield at a time when population gives the exact distance between them, hence with losses running to a million dollars a expansion threatens the world food supply, a line of position. The point at which posi­ day. and hard economic returns of tremendous tion lines from the two satellites intersect The real benefit of the navsat system, for scope. is an exact fix, available simultaneously to both ships and aircraft, is in human safety, Because of the myriad factors involved in a the mobile's navigator and to the land­ not only in collision avoidance but in post­ subject so broad, it is very diffi.cult to make based traffic control center to which the in­ accident rescue. All too frequently search­ precise dollar-benefit estima.tes. There is, formation is relayed by the satellite. and-rescue craft experience delays--or com­ however, a generally accepted yardstick, an Although it may someday be applicable, plete failure-in their efforts to find a estimate made by a study panel of the Na­ the navsa.t iS not now a panacea for the downed aircraft or a distressed ship, because tional Academy of Sciences' National Re­ problem of air tram.c control in high-density the last known position reported was miles search Council, which rated economic bene­ areas. It can, however, be of significant value from the real location. Through continuous fits of a long-range forecasting system at in overwater air movement, where there are monitoring, the traffic control centers will $2.5 billion a year. The figure, the Academy no watchful radars along the fiight path know the precise position of any troubled admits, is con.servative and, it is for the and where existing earth-based, long-range craft, eliminating the search period of a United States alone. Further, it covers only radio navigation aids do not provide the de­ rescue mission wherein time is literally a the four broadest and most visible areas of gree of precision needed for efficient air traf­ life-or-death fa.ctor. benefit-agriculture, construction, tran.spor­ fic control. The situation over the North A major part of the effort needed to bring tatlon, and flood/storm controL There are Atla.ntic, the most heavily traveled over­ this important system into being involves hundreds of others--on-location motion-pic­ water route, serves as a.n illustration of development of on-board equipment cheap ture fllming and programming outdoor sports navsat benefits. enough to be available to the smallest ocean­ events, to mention only a couple-whose in­ Because of navigational shortcomings, traf­ going craft. Fortunately, the mobile will not dividua.l dollar savings are less impressive but fic control regulations demand a 120-mile need elaborate and costly computers, since whose aggregate might run to additional bil­ lateral separation of aircraft as an anticol­ the computing function will be handled by lion.s. Applying even the most conservative lision measure. This means that, when a the satellltes and the land stations. Ships estia:nates, the yearly economic return of the number of planes depart a terminal within and planes need only a new-type receivet global system is potentially several times the minutes of each other, only one of them can and antenna and a signal booster capable amount of an the money expended on metsat take the direct, shortest-distance-between­ of reaching the satellite, orbiting some 22,- research and operation since the first such two-points route. The second must move out 000 miles high. It appears quite feasible "working" satellite went aloft in April 1960. 120 miles to one side of the direct course; to produce such equipment at relatively low And, once the system is fully operational, the third, 120 miles to the other. The fourth cost. man will be able to realize one of his oldest and fifth airplanes must fly 240 miles off Technology for the civil-use navsat is well and fondest dream&-to "do something about course, and so on. advanced. With the Applications Technology the weather." With current and foreseeable Aside from longer travel time for the pas­ Satellites I and m, NASA and a number of advances in the art of weather modi.flcation, senger, such directional inefficiency costs the airlines have been conducting satellite-to­ abetted by the vast encyclopedia of atmos­ airlines in increased fuel expenditure. It is aircraft t-ests for several years, and the re­ pheric knowledge provided by the mathe­ estimated that extra costs run from $30,000 sults have demonstrated the workability of matical mode: and the metsat reporting sys­ to $50,000 per year per airplane, which the system. NASA and the Federal Aviation tem, it appears not only possible but probable amounts to a very substantial figure for air­ Administration are developing plans for the that weather conditions can be altered. Scien­ lines operating large fleets. The satellite sys­ prototype, one-ocean air-traftic-control sys­ tists feel that it w11l be possible to change the tem can reduce required lateral separation tem, and the European Space Research Orga­ timing, amount, and distribution of rainfall; to thirty miles at a dollar savings for the nization has expressed interest in joining the to take the sting out Of destructive storms North Atlantic alone estimated .at close to experiment. No major breakthroughs are re­ by reducing their intensity or directing them $20 million a year. quired, and it is generally accepted that an into harmless paths; to suppress hail and The new breed of airliners, like the Boeing operational system, for ships as well as air­ will lightning; to cleaT fog; to prevent frost; 747, have very accurate onboard navi­ craft, can be put in service by 1975. even-though it ls farther down the road­ gational equipment, an inertial navigation to effect large-scale changes of clima.te. system that is a direct spinoff from Apollo. EARTH-RESOURCES SATELLITES Fantastic? Today it seems so. But what This is not, however, a substitute for the Perhaps the greatest potential for realiz­ was more fanta&tic, only a decade ago, than navsat; effective traffic control demands an .ing hard economic returns !rom applications the wild talk 81bout landing men on the independent ground-monitored system to spacecraft lies in earth-resources surveys, moon? confirm the onboard position determination. or keeping satellite watch Dn the globe~ nat­ The navsat ma.y find even greater utility ural resources with the aim of better man­ NAVIGATION/TRAFFIC CONTROL SA7'ELLITE in the field of surface shipping. There are aging nature's bounty. This program canal­ Another &1"ea in which the satellite offem some 3,000 ships of more than sixty countries leviate many of the world's paramount ail­ great promise is in p~ision navigation and reporting to the existing trafiic control sys- ments, in that it can help to produce more CXVI--280--Part 4 4454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 arable land, more water, food, clothing, shel­ stantly updated "living" map, showing pop­ space vehicles. The knowledge acquired af­ ter, and fuel to meet the needs of a popu­ ulation densities and spread trends for use fects many channels of man's way of life; lation that is growing at an alarming ra,;e. in urban development and transportation its yield embraces thousands of new ideas, Like the advanced weather satellite, a close planning. inventions, materials, and processes for the relative, the earth-resources survey space­ These are but a few of the more visible betterment of human existence. craft reaps its harvest of benefits by means potential benefits. Experts have identified a On an ever-accelerating scale, the vast of remote sensing devices. Generally, earth­ great many more, and experience with the library of know-how is being put to work. resources sensors focus on the earth's surface system undoubtedly will open up broad Through its Technology Utilization Program, and subsurface rather than on its atmos­ new ranges of application not yet consid­ NASA is working hard to achieve maximum phere. An example is a crop-imaging sensor, ered. One space scientist sums it up with return on the space investment by trans­ designed to take advantage of the fact that the statement that the earth-resources sa­ ferring the know-how to nonaerospace ap­ various types of vegetation reflect light in tellite system is applicable to "all the con­ plications. different bands of the spectrum and in differ­ ditions of the earth's surface that are of The space agency is not simply waiting ent degrees. This makes it possible to pro­ economic or cultural interest to humanity." and hoping for technology transfers. It is gram an imager to "see" one particular What is such a system worth? Clearly, a actively pushing them by means of a well­ kind of vegetation-wheat, for instance. From subject so broad does not readily lend itself managed program operated on a minimal either a stationary or a "moving" orbit, the to accurate appraisal, and many of the bene­ budget. Specialists at field installations and sensor can take a picture of a large region in fits are humanitarian rather than economic. in the plants of contractors scrutinize every V?;hich the total wheat crop is imaged in a There is one study that serves as an indica­ research and development project, trying to given color. This provides the basis for pre­ tor of the enormous scope of the potential find new applications, and report their "pos­ dicting crop yield and planning its distribu­ benefits. NASA Investigated agricultural sibles" to the space agency's headquarters. tion, important factors in agricultural man­ losses in the United States and calculated Working with independent research in­ agement. that an earth-resources survey could reduce stitutes, the technology utmzation staff sorts The sensor provides an extra bonus in re­ them by ten percent, an extremely modest out the "possibles" and the "probables" and ducing crop losses, because the image would gain. The resulting estimates showed sav­ disseminates information on the latter to also pinpoint areas where the wheat crop is ings approaching $400 million a year in re­ almost 7,000,000 potential users. So far threatened. A slightly different coloration duced crop losses; increased meat output NASA has identified some 2,800 probables, would indicate plant disease, and it would valued at $350 million annually due to early and a;bout a third of those have already show up sooner because of constant surveil­ detection and correction of nutrient-defi­ found their way into the civil economy. lance. As is the case in human physiology, cient rangeland; and $100 million a year Most familiar are the new products coming disease detected early can most readily be in agricultural land saved from floods. into the market. The list is fa.r too lengthy treated. From these guidelines, which embrace to recount more than a random sampling: The information provided by the satellite's only a single area of benefit in a single A hand-size, battery-operated TV camera, battery of sensors will be relayed to an country, even the most conservative assessor used to photograph rocket-stage separation, earth-based, computerized data-handling and must assign to a global system an economic is being used to monitor industrial processes; analysis network like that being developed value running to billions of dollars a year. spacecraft-coating research produced an for the global metsat system, perhaps the Experience with the worldwide communi­ ultra-long-wearing paint for home use; a same one expanded to accommodate the cations and weather satellite networks shows device employed to find space capsules in the additional input. Thus, regional data banks that the nations of the world are ready to oceans, the "underseas pinger," has new all over the world will receive daily volumes band together to reap the advantages of employment in the plotting of ocean cur­ of information that can be put to work for space technology, but conclusion of the nec­ rents and in tracing the movements of fish man's benefit in three basic directions: The essary international agreements leaves open schools. information will provide more of everything the question of when the global system can The medical profession has been a particu­ through far better management of the world's become an operational reality. lar beneficiary of technology transfer. For resouroes; it will uncover new resources; and The technology is now or soon to be avail­ example, a lunar-gravity training device has it will identify trouble zones for earliest able. NASA has already signaled the go-ahead become a tool for teaching crippled persons remedial action. f'Or the first Earth Resources Technology to walk again; a tiny space-sensor, so small Here are some examples of what this in­ Satellites (ERTS), experimental models it can be inserted into an artery without formation would mean to the world: whose assignment will be the evaluation of discomfort, has been adapted to medical use; In agriculture, besides controlling losses, it certain types of resources-monitoring sensors a plastic-metallic spray for attaching heart would fa-cilitate national land-use plan­ and other data-collection equipment. De· electrodes to pilots makes it possible to radio ning-what to plant and when, where to sign contracts for the ERTS were awarded ahead to a. hospital an electrocardiogram of build roads for movement of harvests, where last October, hardware fabrication will be­ an ambulance patient. to locate irrigation works, and a variety of gin this year, and the first ERTS will be Among the larger direct economic benefits other management considerations. Good land sent into orbit in 1972. of technology transfer are a great variety of management is vital to agricultural output, Although ERTS is purely a developmental new tools and processes that are bringing new as is evident in the high-yield nations of program, it will have a limited operational efficiency to American industry. Examples: North America and Europe, each of which capabiUty. It will produce a land-use map An electromagnetic hammer, invented for already has some sort of information-report­ of the United States, classify surface geologi­ launch-vehicle construction, causes metal to ing system. Even for these countries, the cal features for agricultural purposes, and :flow like soft plastic, so that it can be earth-resources system offers a vast improve­ collect information from unmanned earth­ smoothed and shaped without weakening; ment in efficiency because of the rapidity with based devices, such a-s river gauges. The an electron beam devised for spacecraft con­ which the information can be obtained as ERTS spacecraft will provide the develop­ struction can accomplish on one weldUnited Mine Workers of the massive gray mansion. ing, in cooperation with such agencies as the On Nov. 24, in the final days of the savage Department of Transportation; the Law En­ Ame1ica. UMW election campaign, presidential candi­ forcement Assistance Administration; the DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER date Yablonski asked for an investigation of Department of Justice; the Bureau of Rec­ the Beckley offices. He wrote to a UMW audi­ In the face of these revelations, the tor: lamation and the Federal Water Pollution vice president of the United Mine Work­ Control Administration, both in the De­ ". . . I have been frequently questioned partment of the Interior; and the National ers of America, George J. Titler, has sent about the financial dealings of the local Air Pollution Control Administration of the up a very smelly smokescreen in a unions which are located in the district of­ Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ desperate attempt to divert attention fices of our organization. Again and again, fare. One current program, being jointly con­ from the sight and smell of his own the local in Beckley, W. Va., Local Union ducted with the US Bureau of Mines, aims illegal activities. Aside from calling the 7086, has been brought up. at reducing the death toll in mining disasters. murdered Jock Yablonski a thief and a "I have made a cursory examination of Here TAT personnel hope to be able to apply liar, Vice President Titler falsely charges the limited financial records available and NASA's considerable expertise in rescue and am deeply troubled by what I have discov­ survival technology, communications, sen­ that- ered ... sors, and life-support devices. Under consid­ There were millions and millions of dol­ "As you know, since 1959, locals have been eration is the use of such space-developed lars behind Joe Yablonski, trying to destroy required to file annual records with the equipment as radar and sonic systems for the UMW. He was hired for that very purpose. federal government. The first report ever filed locating trapped miners, chlorate candles for by Local 7086, filed while George Titler was underground life support, sensors to identify Mr. Speaker, such a fantastic state­ president of District 29, showed an outstand­ mine sectors poisoned by carbon dioxide, and ment comes only a short time after ing loan from District 29 in the amount of devices for restoring ventilation knocked out Joseph A. Yablonski, Jr., testified under $83,622. by explosions. oath to the Senate Labor Subcommittee "In my many years in this organization, I TATmen have identified a number of other have never seen a 'loan' of such size. Over that approximately $60,000 had been ex­ the years, the local has made 'payments on areas in which space technology appears to pended on his father's campaign. have direct application to public problems. the loan' of $17,000, $9,000, $8,500, $5,700, For instance, experiments in how much de­ Mr. Titler descends to the very depths $3,000 and $8,000, as well as an outright celeration force an astronaut can sustain are in insulting the character of a dead man transfer of $20,000 to the district. applicable to minimizing injuries in auto when he is confronted with the unan­ "But the district's reports have never accidents; sensor technology may prevent swerable question of why Mr. Yablonski acknowledged the existence of the loan or railroad train derailments; detection systems could hold a high UMW office for so the receipt of $71,200 listed above. I would can measure the components of air pollution like to know what has happened to this many years if he is now as bad as Mr. money. and existing mechanical devices can be ap­ Titler says he is. Here is Mr. Titler's re­ plied to controlling pollution at the source; "Additionally, there would appear to be materials technology promises lower-cost sponse, quoted in the Charleston, W.Va., something unusual in the local's adminis­ housing construction; and a great variety of Gazette for February 19, 1970: trative and office expenses over the past six advanced communications systems are avail­ You don't know that foreign element of years. The local is housed in the district of­ able for improved law enforcement, and space coal miners from Russia and Yugoslavia and fice; therefore, the sharp rise in these costs science techniques can be used to advantage the like up there in Pennsylvania. I don't is all the more perplexing: by criminology agencies. mean there's anything wrong with being for­ "In 1963-$1,354; in 1964-$8,025; in Space enthusiasts are fond of asserting that eign, but they stick together and stick be­ 1965-$8,004; in 1966---$6,761; in 1967-$8,- the people of the twenty-first century will hind their man. It's not like down in the 314; in 1968-$31,540. look back upon the United States' venture Kentucky fields or someplace where every­ " ... The 1968 figure exceeds the admin­ into space and declare it to be the best in­ body's Anglo-Saxon. istrative cost of almost every district. The vestment in the future ever made by any administrative and office expense for all of nation. That seems very likely. But, from the Mr. Speaker, if Mr. Boyle and Mr. Tit­ District 29 in 1968 was $28,008 • • ... evidence at hand, even those of us who can­ ler spent one-tenth of the time they are Yablonski's letter pointed out that Lo­ not expect to see the next century may be devoting to maligning a dead man's cal 7086 bas 2,850 members of whom 2,400 able to say as much-within this new decade. character to a small effort to find who are pensioners. Since it is largest in all the February 23, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4457 UMW, he said it has 24 votes in the national the local to the district, because 7086 was 300 votes after being an official there 25 convention-and all its de:egates to the 1968 a "fabulously wealthy local." years.... convention were District 29 officials or em­ Assured that the letter said otherwise, "Joe Yablonski always worked himself up ployes. Titler ventured that the local may have bor­ to the head of any organization so he could One of Yablonski's charges during the rowed money when it first was being started get his hands on the money in it. A guy was election campaign was that many of Ameri­ and encountered expenses. He shrugged off in here to see me the other day and he had ca's 80,000 retired miners belong to some 600 the matter. But he repeated that the local a little newspaper printed by Poles up there "bogus locals." He said such locals have no is wealthy. in Pennsylvania. It said Joe collected $3 mil­ meetings, no real officers and no actual ac­ "When I was saving money in that local lion for the Polish underground that was tivities for the members, but the members for future benefits, I had more than a million fighting against the Russians, but he never pay dues and vote in UMW national elec­ dollars in it," he said. "I put it in a bank on turned the money over. tions. the West Coast at five and t hree-quarters "It's probably something like that that Since Yablonski's death, his letter about per cent. To--- with these banks around got him killed .. .. Beckley was unearthed by Rep. Ken Hechler, here." "Joe Yablonski and his family dealt with D-W. Va., and reprinted in the CoNGRESSION­ The "future benefits" the money was saved the big coal operators and bought water AL RECORD. for, he explained, were t he huge relief ex­ companies from them at a dollar apiece­ Last week at the UMW headquarters, penses the UMW encounters when miners you know, the water works that'd be left it seemed evident that district officials, rather are out on strike. in a coal town after the mine played out. than rank-and-file members of Local 7086, Titler spoke glowingly of the brotherhood "I've got deeds to them all to prove it . . . handle the operation of the local. between miners during the hard times of Last year it was estimated they were making The secretary to the district president, strikes, and how large sums are shifted from $180,000 a year revenue.... questioned by a newsman, couldn't remem­ one group to help another group in need­ "One operator told me, 'Yeah, I sold it to ber the name of the old pensioner who is " If it's paid back, all right, and if it's not him for a dollar, and he never paid me the listed as this year's local president. paid back, it's still all right." dollar.' He said Yablonski later was offered In the room designated as local headquar­ $39,000 for the same waterworks. ters, a grandmotherly secretary sat amid fil­ TITLER BRANDS YABLONSKI A THIEF "Once John L. Lewis called Yablonski in ing cabinets. She said she was paid by the BECKLEY.-The vice president of the and asked him if it was true about one of district, not the local. She said the local had the water companies. Yablonski said it was, United Mine Workers says Joseph Yablonski and Lewis said, 'divest yourself.' So Joe gave no paid employes. She said she had handled was a notorious thief-"so --- crooked the local's affairs for 10 years. When asked it to his brother. It's called Redstone Water he could hide behind a corkscrew"-that his Co.... " what caused the local's administrative costs campaign for union president actually was to rise from $1,354 to $31,540, she said she Titler continued: an undercover plot to destroy the UMW, and "One time, Yablonski had a fellow stealing wasn't permitted to discuss such matters. that his murder probably was ordered by Larkin S. Philpot, outgoing district pres­ votes in a union election, and the guy got persons he had swindled. caught. Joe got in a fight with the man who ident who has been elected to the UMW in­ George Joy Titler, barrel-shaped, shaggy­ ternational board, agreed to a brief in­ caught him, and hit him in the eye with a headed, 75-year-old veteran of the bloody spittoon and knocked his eye out. Everybody terview. years in the coalfields, lay like a wounded knows that story. When asked about the $83,622 loan from grizzly bear in a bed at Appalachian Regional "Once before he became a union officer, Ya­ the district to the local, he said it was "be­ Hospital here. He was in constant pain from blonski was one of the guys who hid in the fore my time" and he knew nothing about spinal arthritis that recurred in an old back back of a police paddy wagon and rode it. injury he suffered in the mines. An armed through a UMW picket line to work every When asked about the twentyfold increase guard was on duty outside his door because day." in the local's administrative expenses. of telephoned threats. Titler didn't mention Yablonski's robbery "I don't care to go into a lot of detail here. A Gazette reporter was allowed to pass conviction in his younger years-a record Those accusations are untrue." the guard and ask Titler about accusations that was hit repeatedly during the union Asked if he could remember any special which Yablonski made against UMW Dis­ election campaign by UMW President W. A. expenses that might have caused Local trict 29 at Beckley, which Titler once headed, Boyle-nor did he mention a campaign ac­ #7086's costs to soar in 1968, he replied: and Beckley UMW Local 7086. cusation that Yablonski had been a "child "Well, I don't want to get into that. A lot The union chief dealt quickly with the deserter." of things would cause that." accusations and then loosed this tirade As for titler's $500,000 suit against Yablon­ He gave no examples. He said he'd prefer against the slain Yablonski: ski because of Yablonski's accusation that not to be quoted by name. He said all answers "Joe Yablonski was the crookedest --­ Titler made "under-the-table" agreements about costs should come from the union fi­ .we ever had. I'll say that, even though he's with coal firms, Titler said it's "too bad he nance officer. dead. He stole more votes in the years he was died" and never had to answer in court. Philpot concluded with an accusation in theUMW ... Titler was asked why, if Yablonski was against Yablonski: "All this talk to make him a martyr is such a person, he was allowed to hold inter­ "It's all clear in our labor management just a lot of hogwash. There were millions national-level office in the UMW. He said it reports filed with the government. What he and millions of dollars behind Joe Yablon­ was because coal miners in Pennsylvania left out could have given a complete picture. ski, trying to destroy the UMW. He was elected Yablonski to the international UMW He just took part of it to make it look like hired for that very purpose . . . board and top leaders had no choice but to something was wrong." "The last time, they got a man from an accept him. J. Carl Bunch, secretary-treasurer of Dis­ insane asylum to run against Tony Boyle, "You don't know that foreign element of and they saw that he got 25,000 votes, so coal miners from Russia and Yugoslavia and trict 29, was less cooperaJtive. He said: they said, 'all right, next time we'll get "That's a matter of public record and I the like up there in Pennsylvania," he said. someone on the international board.' But "I don't mean there's anything wrong with wouldn't have anything to say about it ..• they made a mistake. They got a man so They've just got them (the federal reports) being foreign, but they stick together and --- crooked he could hide behind a cork­ stick behind their man. garbled up, that's all. I'd rather not comment screw." on it." "It's not like down in the Kentucky fields In a previous interview, Titler had hinted or someplace where everybody's an Anglo­ On the other hand, George Titler, the old that oil millionaires, or maybe even the Ma­ Saxon." warhorse of District 29, was willing to talk at fia, may have been the source of Yablonski's Titler's strong statements were made last length, even though he's bedridden with funds. He didn't mention that possibilit y week. He was released from the hospital spinal arthritis in Appalachian Regional Hos­ this time. Wednesday. pital at Beckley. Now vice president of the The union leader continued: Appalachian Regional Hospital formerly entire UMW, he spoke nearly two hours about "I worked with Joe Yablonski 25 years, was one of several operated by the UMW. It operations in the Beckley district. and I always made more money than he still has a big bronze plaque to John L. . . . he said there were "a lot of rea­ did, but, --- I don't have no million Lewis beside the entrance and a framed por­ sons for it." He mentioned the purchase of dollars. That's what he's supposed to have trait of Lewis by the information desk. a $7,000 bookkeeping machine, but acknowl­ had ... "I guess that picture will stay up as long edged that it was bough·t by the district, not "Hell, you ought to talk to the guys in as the hospital does," a blonde receptionist the local. Then he grew brusque: Pittsburgh who worked with Yablonski. The said with a smile. "Local 7086 got big because it was a local story is told and sworn to by dozens up there "But we don't have to bow when we pass that was looked after by d.istrict officials," that they had what was called a 'kopek,' a it anymore." he boomed. "I'll stack my life on it that kitty where they all put their money in for there's not a --- penny off in any re­ the UMW convention. They had $5,550 col­ JANUARY 20, 1970. port. If we made a false report to the Labor lected and they told Yablonski 'you owe Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, Department, we'd all go to the penitentiary." $375.' He threw down his $375 and then Secretary of Labor, But he was unsure of details. When asked picked up the whole kopek and put it in his Washington, D.C. about the $83,622 loan from the district to pocket and kept it. Mike Trbovich, vice president of Local the local, he first said it must be a mistaken "He was the small end of nothing shaved Union 6330 ot United Mine Workers and report, that it must have been a loan from down to a point. He lost his own district by campaign chairman for Yablonskl-Brown 4458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1970 ticket, has asked me to forward this message should upset the election. These four reasons, gation ended quickly. We had feared that to you: of course, are: the Labor Department would be more inter­ .. I hereby challenge the December 9 UMWA 1. The pre-election violations of law, in­ ested in justifying its failure to investigate election for reasons stated in Yablonski let­ cluding the m.assive use of union personnel prior to the election than in providing an ter to International tellers and appendices and union treasury, require a new election. all-out basis for a new election to bring de­ attached thereto and in Rauh letter to you 2. The incidents of violence and the atmos­ moCil"a.cy to the union. OUr fears have been dated January 13th. I urgently request a phere of intimidation and fear made a fair fully justified by the weak and inadequate Department of Labor investigation of elec­ election impossible and require a new nature of its investigation. tion based on those letters. Massive viola­ election. Mr. Secretary. you and your advisers are tions of law and UMWA constitution com­ 3. The voting of pensioners through un­ apparently the only people in the whole mitted by UMWA officers and those working constitutional locals was obviously unlawful United States who do not know how rotten with them clearly a.trected results of elec­ and requires a new election. things are in the Mine Workers. Why do you tion. New nominations and new elections 4. The hundred violations on election day, refuse to see what even a blind man could are essential to a clean-up of this union." which Joseph A. ("Chip") Yablonski re­ not miss? Is it the influence of Mr. Usery JosEPH L. RAUH, Jr. counted in his affidavit, were probably who denounces the Yablonski group with matched some tenfold by those about which allegations that they accepted money from JANUARY 23, 1970. we have no information and these violations, Walter Reuther and the UAW (a false state­ Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, too, require a new election. ment which Joseph A. (Chip) Yablonski Secretary of Labor, What your investigators are doing (and under oath denied as "garbage" before the Washington, D.C.: apparently quite poorly) is investigating Senate Labor Subcommittee)? Is it your In our letter of January 13, 1970, we asked item 4, probably the least important of the lawyers' prattlings about "volunteerism" in that you examine every voucher and every four grounds for setting aside the election. the labor movement and Mr. Silberman's de­ expenditure of the UMWA during 1969. This Worse yet, many of your investigators appear sire to play the wheeler-dealer role with the request was ba~ed on our knowledge that to be union-oriented. For example, your Mr. UMWA? Or is it your own personal desire not union funds (in addition to personnel) were Hollis Bowers seemed interested only in what to take any steps of which the powerful being unlawfully diverted to the Boyle cam­ the Yablonski forces had done wrong and UMWA might not approve? We do not know paign in many ways. One such means is the acted as a wholesale apologist for the union your motivation for inaction and apathy in subject of this telegram. During the course position in interrogating Mr. Fred Barnes the face of tyranny and violence, but there is of the campaign we received unsolicited in­ yesterday. one thing we do know: We shall keep up formation from someone within the union You will understand why we reject Mr. this fight, whatever you do, Because the headquarters which information generally Usery's self-serving general denial. American people will not forever tolerate proved to be reliable. This informant several Sincerely yours, bureaucratic Indifference to UMWA corrup­ times stated on the telephone that union JosEPH L. RAUH, Jr. tion any more than they would in the case personnel were ordered to contribute to of the Teamsters. The Yablonski supporters miners for Boyle, Titler and Owens and prom­ RAUH AND SILARD, will never let you sweep this mess under the ised recompense by later increase in salaries. Washington, D.C., February 21, 1970. rug. At executive board meeting this week these Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, The evidence which we have presented to unlawful promises were fulfilled. Steno­ Secretary of Labor, you over a 7 month period demonstrates be­ graphic notes are kept of union meetings but U.S. Department of Labor, yond peradventure of doubt that the De­ transcripts are doctored and do not accu­ Washington, D.C. cember 9th election must be set aside for rately reflect stenographic notes taken. See DEAR MR. SECRETARY: For over 7 months -GPe each of the following four reasons: Y

SENATE-Tuesday, February 24, 1970 The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. May there arise in us the resolution to the Journal of the proceedings of Mon­ and was called to order by the President create that better world which proceeds day, February 23, 1970, be dispensed pro tempore