Lessons from the Weimar Constitution
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The Political and Social Economy of Care in a Development Context Conceptual Issues, Research Questions and Policy Options
The Political and Social Economy of Care in a Development Context Conceptual Issues, Research Questions and Policy Options Shahra Razavi Gender and Development United Nations Programme Paper Number 3 Research Institute June 2007 for Social Development This United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Programme Paper has been produced with the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Canada) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). UNRISD also thanks the governments of Denmark, Finland, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for their core funding. Copyright © UNRISD. Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. The designations employed in UNRISD publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNRISD con- cerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the author(s), and publication does not constitute endorse- ment by UNRISD. ISSN 1994-8026 Contents Acronyms ii Acknowledgements ii Summary/Résumé/Resumen iii Summary iii Résumé iv Resumen vi Introduction 1 1. The “Invisible” or “Other” Economy: The Contribution of Feminist Economics 3 Making visible “the invisible” 4 From domestic labour to care 6 Accumulation, paid work and unpaid care work 8 Mixing “love” and “money”: Implications for the quality of care? 15 2. -
Whose Brain Drain? Immigrant Scholars and American Views of Germany
Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program Series Volume 9 WHOSE BRAIN DRAI N? IMMIGRANT SCHOLARS AND AMERICAN VIEWS OF GERMANY Edited by Peter Uwe Hohendahl Cornell University American Institute for Contemporary German Studies The Johns Hopkins University Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program Series Volume 9 WHOSE BRAIN DRAIN? IMMIGRANT SCHOLARS AND AMERICAN VIEWS OF GERMANY Edited by Peter Uwe Hohendahl Cornell University The American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS) is a center for advanced research, study and discussion on the politics, culture and society of the Federal Republic of Germany. Established in 1983 and affiliated with The Johns Hopkins University but governed by its own Board of Trustees, AICGS is a privately incorporated institute dedicated to independent, critical and comprehensive analysis and assessment of current German issues. Its goals are to help develop a new generation of American scholars with a thorough understanding of contemporary Germany, deepen American knowledge and understanding of current German developments, contribute to American policy analysis of problems relating to Germany, and promote interdisciplinary and comparative research on Germany. Executive Director: Jackson Janes Board of Trustees, Cochair: Fred H. Langhammer Board of Trustees, Cochair: Dr. Eugene A. Sekulow The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. ©2001 by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies ISBN 0-941441-55-5 This Humanities Program Volume is made possible by the Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program. Additional copies are available for $5.00 to cover postage and handling from the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Suite 420, 1400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. -
Degrowth Through Income and Wealth Caps?
Degrowth through Income and Wealth Caps? Introduction Ecological collapse and extreme and growing economic inequality threaten human civilization as we know it. On the one hand, a number of planetary boundaries are being transgressed. As a consequence, the preconditions for human beings and other species to thrive are rapidly being undermined. On the other hand, economic wealth has to an unprecedented level been concentrated on a few hands while a very large number of people do not have the means to satisfy even their basic human needs (Gough 2017; Raworth 2017; Robinson 2014). Comparative studies into the links between economic growth, material resource use and carbon emissions have indicated that there is no evidence for an absolute decoupling of these parameters (Fritz and Koch 2016; O’Neill et al. 2018). Yet such a decoupling would be required for the rich countries to be able to meet the CO2 emission targets they have given themselves to keep climate change within certain limits. In this situation, approaches that deprioritize economic growth in policy-making are becoming increasingly popular. Above all, ‘degrowth’ scholars call for transitions towards socio-economic systems that would function within ecological boundaries through reductions in the matter and energy throughput of production and consumption patterns while being socially equitable. The eco-social policy instruments needed for such transitions – inter alia work sharing, time-banks, job guarantees, complementary currencies and debt auditing – are intensely debated. Frequent reference has also been made to minimum income schemes and maximum limits on wealth and income as policy tools that can potentially be used to tackle issues related to social inequality during a degrowth transition (e.g., Alexander 2015; Buch-Hansen 2014). -
Capital Flight and the Hollowing out of the Philippine Economy in the Neoliberal Regime
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Capital Flight and the Hollowing Out of the Philippine Economy in the Neoliberal Regime Beja, Edsel Jr. Ateneo de Manila University May 2006 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4830/ MPRA Paper No. 4830, posted 12 Sep 2007 UTC EDSEL L. BEJA JR. 55 Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 2006 21 (1): 55-74 Capital Flight and the Hollowing Out of the Philippine Economy in the Neoliberal Regime EDSEL L. BEJA JR. ABSTRACT. Capital flight is the movement of capital from a resource-scarce developing country to avoid social controls, measured as net unrecorded capital outflow. Capital flight from the Philippines was USD 16 billion in the 1970s, USD 36 billion in the 1980s, and USD 43 billion in the 1990s. Indeed these figures are significant amounts of lost resources that could have been utilized to generate additional output and jobs. Capital flight from the Philippines followed a revolving-door process—that is, capital inflows were used to finance the capital outflows. This process became more pronounced with financial liberalization in the 1990s. With these results, we argue that capital flight resulted in the hollowing out of the Philippine economy and, more important, neoliberal policies underpinned the process. KEYWORDS. capital flight · external debt · revolving door · Philippine economy INTRODUCTION Proponents of neoliberalism argue that the neoliberal regime guarantees an economic environment that is stable, rapidly growing and developing, and so globalization, or even the freer reign of markets, will take care of basic human needs, including human development.1 Moreover, it is argued that a neoliberal environment benefits everyone rather than only an influential segment in society. -
Capital Flight from Africa: What Is to Be Done?
Capital Flight from Africa: What is to be Done? Statement to the Joint Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council on Illicit Financial Flows and Development Financing in Africa United Nations Headquarters, 23 October 2015 James K. Boyce Department of Economics & Political Economy Research Institute University of Massachusetts Amherst Thank you for inviting me to present this statement. I will focus my remarks this morning on capital flight from Africa and policy responses to this challenge. Capital flight and illicit financial flows The terms 'capital flight' and 'illicit financial flows' sometimes are used interchangeably, but they are distinct concepts. Capital flight is usually defined as unrecorded capital outflows and measured as the missing residual in the balance of payments, after corrections for underreported external borrowing and trade misinvoicing. All capital flight is illicit, but not all illicit financial flows are capital flight. Capital flight is illicit by virtue of illegal acquisition, transfer, holding abroad, or some combination of the three. Illicitly acquired capital is money obtained through embezzlement, bribes, extortion, tax evasion, or criminal activities. Wealth acquired by these means is often transferred abroad clandestinely in an effort to evade legal scrutiny as to its origins. Illicitly transferred funds are outflows not reported to government authorities. Mechanisms include smuggling of bank notes, clandestine wire transfers, and falsification of trade invoices. Illicitly held funds are assets whose earnings are not declared as income to national authorities of the owner's country. The concealment of foreign holdings may be 2 motivated by the desire to evade prosecution for illicit acquisition of the funds, or by taxation evasion, or both. -
Measuring Capital Flight: Estimates and Interpretations
Working Paper 194 Measuring Capital Flight: Estimates and Interpretations Benu Schneider March 2003 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK Acknowledgements This paper is the first part of a project on Capital Flight from Developing Countries. The project is funded by ESCOR, Department for International Development, UK and we gratefully acknowledge their financial support. The UK Department for International Development (DFID) supports policies, programmes and projects to promote international development. DFID provided funds for this study as part of that objective but the views and opinions expressed are those of the author alone. The author would like to thank Mathieu Sampson and Benno Ferrarini for their research assistance. ISBN 0 85003 633 X © Overseas Development Institute 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. ii Contents Acknowledgements ii Tables and Figures v Abstract vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Defining capital flight 3 2.1 Preferred definition 3 2.2 An overview of definitions of capital flight in the literature 3 2.3 The broad definition of capital flight 4 2.4 Capital flight defined as a response to discriminatory treatment of domestic capital 5 2.5 Defining capital flight as an illegal transaction 6 3 Methods to measure capital flight 8 3.1 Broad measure of capital flight -
Beijing's Bismarckian Ghosts: How Great Powers Compete Economically
Markus Brunnermeier and Rush Doshi and Harold James Beijing’s Bismarckian Ghosts: How Great Powers Compete Economically Great power competition is back. As China and the United States ramp up their strategic rivalry, the search is on for a vision of what their evolving great power competition will look like in a globalized and interconnected world. The looming trade war and ongoing technology competition between Washington and Beijing suggest that economics may now be the central battlefield in the bilat- eral contest. Much of the abundant literature on great power competition and grand strategy focuses on military affairs, and little of it prepares us for what eco- nomic and technological competition among great powers looks like, let alone how it will be waged.1 But great power economic competition is nothing new. Indeed, the rivalry between China and the United States in the twenty-first century holds an uncanny resemblance to the one between Germany and Great Britain in the nine- teenth. Both rivalries take place amidst the emergence of economic globalization and explosive technological innovation. Both feature a rising autocracy with a state-protected economic system challenging an established democracy with a free-market economic system. And both rivalries feature countries enmeshed in profound interdependence wielding tariff threats, standard-setting, technology theft, financial power, and infrastructure investment for advantage. Indeed, for these very reasons, the Anglo-German duel can serve as a useful guide for policy- makers seeking to understand the dynamics of the emerging Sino-American Markus Brunnermeier is the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Economics at Princeton University, and can be found on Twitter (@MarkusEconomist). -
Brazil: Capital Flight, Illicit Flows, and Macroeconomic Crises, 1960-2012
Brazil: Capital Flight, Illicit Flows, and Macroeconomic Crises, 1960-2012 Dev Kar September 2014 Brazil: Capital Flight, Illicit Flows, and Macroeconomic Crises, 1960-2012 Dev Kar1 September 2014 Global Financial Integrity Wishes to Thank the Ford Foundation for Supporting this Project 1. Dev Kar is Global Financial Integrity’s Chief Economist, having formerly served as a Senior Economist at the International Monetary Fund. Brian LeBlanc assisted with the data analysis, and Joshua Simmons contributed to the policy analysis. Raymond Baker, Christine Clough, Clark Gascoigne, Taylor Le, Channing May, and Melissa O’Brien also supported this project. We are pleased to present here our report, Brazil: Capital Flight, Illicit Flows, and Macroeconomic Crises, 1960-2012. Illicit financial outflows averaged US$14.7 billion per year for the period from 2000 to 2009. For the period from 2010 to 2012, illicit financial outflows increased to an average of US$33.7 billion per year. These outflows constitute about 1.5 percent of Brazil’s growing GDP for both of these periods. In terms of total magnitude, the country is seventh among developing countries, all of which suffer from this phenomenon. GFI’s analysis is based on data filed by Brazil with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, enabling a breakdown of unrecorded outflows into balance of payments leakages and trade misinvoicing. Balance of payments leakages have across the decades generally been on the order of 10 to 20 percent of the total, meaning that trade misinvoicing generally accounts for 80 to 90 percent of the drainage of capital from the country. -
Capital Flight: Estimates, Issues, and Explanations
PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE No. M, December 1986 Capital Flight: Estimates, Issues, and Explanations John T. Cuddington INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION " DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL -FINANCE are pub- lished by the International Finance Section of the Depart- ment of Economics of Princeton University. While the Sec- tion sponsors the Studies, the authors are free to develop their topics as they wish. The Section welcomes the submis- sion of manuscripts for publication in this and its other series, • ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE and' SPECIAL PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS. See the Notice to Contrib- utors at the back of this Study, The author, John T. Cuddington, is Associate Professor of Economics in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Serv- • ice at Georgetown University. He has been both a consultant and a staff economist with the World Bank and has been on the faculties of Stanfordand Simon Fraser Universities. He has written widely in the fields of international economics, macroeconomics, and economic development. PETER B. KENEN, Director • International Finance Section PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE No. 58, December 1986 Capital Flight: Estimates, Issues, and Explanations John T. Cuddington INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION EDITORIAL STAFF - Peter B. Kenen, Director - Ellen Seiler, Editor Carolyn Kappes, Editorial Aide Barbara Radvany, Subsci-iptions and Orders Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cuddington, John T. Capital flight. (Princeton studies in international finance, ISSN 0081-8070; no. 58 (December 1986)) Bibliography: p. 1. Capital movements. -
Explaining Germany's Exceptional Recovery
May 2018 What explains Germany’s exceptional recovery from the ‘sick man of Exceptional Recovery Explaining Germany’s Europe’ in the 1990s to the powerhouse of today? Explaining Germany’s Based on research of leading economists and political scientist in Europe and the US, this eBook explores the conditions leading to Germany’s rise. The book finds that the opening up of Eastern Europe after the Exceptional Recovery fall communism led to profound changes in how firms and workers operated. In particular, the book argues that trade liberalisation with Eastern Europe led to decentralised wage bargaining; to a decentralised, less hierarchical management style in firms; and to the expansion of production networks to Eastern Europe. These changes in the labour Edited by Dalia Marin market institutions and in firms’ business models explain Germany’s exceptional export performance. They also explain why Germany absorbed the China shock more easily than other countries and why globalisation did not contribute to the rise in voting for the far right in Germany. ISBN 978-1-912179-13-8 Centre for Economic Policy Research A VoxEU.org Book 33 Great Sutton Street London EC1V 0DX CEPR Press Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801 CEPR Press Email: [email protected] www.cepr.org 9 781912 179138 Explaining Germany’s Exceptional Recovery CEPR Press Centre for Economic Policy Research 33 Great Sutton Street London, EC1V 0DX UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cepr.org ISBN: 978-1-912179-13-8 Copyright © CEPR Press, 2018. Explaining Germany’s Exceptional Recovery Edited by Dalia Marin A VoxEU.org eBook CEPR Press Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is a network of over 1,000 research economists based mostly in European universities. -
SUERF Policy Note, Issue No 178 (0.44
SUERF Policy Note Issue No 178, June 2020 Covalization: Europe on the Rack Between Globalization and Covid A Historian’s Perspective on the European Union: Europe and Globalization By Harold James Princeton University JEL-codes: F02, F45, N14, N24, N44. Keywords: European integration, monetary union, globalization, federalism. The European Union is often thought of as a Globalization has often been strained. We can manifestation of the phenomenon of globalization trace this history of questioning globalization in (understood as the mobility of capital, goods, phases: people, but also as a demonstration of the limits of the nation-state). Populist critics often simply • In the 1930s, there was a complete collapse lump the European Union and globalization of globalization with the Great Depression together as eroders of national sovereignty; while (what I termed “The End of Globalization” in defenders of the integration project emphasize the a 2001 book).1 way in which the EU can harness or tame globalization, and Europe’s population from its • In the 1970s, oil price shocks, the perception wildest and most dangerous excesses. At a that the geography of power in the world moment when the corona virus is thrusting was shifting, and inflationary pressures led globalization into reverse, the EU might be to a discussion of a New International particularly vulnerable. Economic Order. 1 Harold James, The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001. www.suerf.org/policynotes SUERF Policy Note No 178 1 Covalization: Europe on the Rack Between Globalization and Covid • In the 1990s, in the wake of the collapse of constitution of a European union, exposed as they are communism in central Europe, and with very to the temptation of measuring themselves on the large capital flows threatening financial and scale of their own past rather than on that economic stability, the question of global constituted by the realities of the present and governance in a post-Cold War world gave rise predictions of the future. -
Monetary and Financial Reform in Two Eras of Globalization
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Globalization in Historical Perspective Volume Author/Editor: Michael D. Bordo, Alan M. Taylor and Jeffrey G. Williamson, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-06598-7 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/bord03-1 Conference Date: May 3-6, 2001 Publication Date: January 2003 Title: Monetary and Financial Reform in Two Eras of Globalization Author: Barry Eichengreen, Harold James URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9597 11 Monetary and Financial Reform in Two Eras of Globalization Barry Eichengreen and Harold James This paper reviews the history of successes and failures in international monetary and financial reform in two eras of globalization, the late nine- teenth century and the late twentieth century, and in the period in between. That history is rich, varied, and difficult to summarize compactly. We there- fore organize our narrative around a specific hypothesis. That hypothesis is that a consensus on the need for monetary and finan- cial reform is likely to develop when such reform is seen as essential for the defense of the global trading system. Typically the international monetary and financial system evolves in a gradual and decentralized manner in re- sponse to market forces. The shift toward greater exchange rate flexibility and capital account convertibility since 1973 is the most recent and there- fore obvious illustration of what is a more general point. Large-scale and discontinuous reform at a more centralized level—that is, reforms agreed to and implemented by groups of governments—tend to occur only when problems in the monetary and financial system are seen as placing the global trading system at risk.