The Big Apple

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The Big Apple THE BIG APPLE ( leggi il testo in italiano; per ogni paragrafo segnati e poi cerca sul dizionario le parole in inglese che ritieni utili per un riassunto orale; scrivile e ripeti in inglese a voce alta il tuo riassunto) E' la domanda che credo tutti ci siamo fatti una volta nella vita. New York City ha diversi "soprannomi", è chiamata "The Empire City", "Gotham", "New Amsterdam", "The city that never sleeps", ma il più famoso è sicuramente "The big apple", la grande mela. Le origini di questo "nome" sono diversissime. Se vogliamo andare a ricercare le origini più antiche, il primo ad avvicinare New York a questa simbologia è Edward S. Martin. Nel suo libro The Wayfarer in New York del 1909, lo stato di New York è paragonato a un melo, con le radici nella valle del Mississippi e il frutto a New York. Ma il primo a utilizzare effettivamente il termine “Big Apple” fu il redattore sportivo John J. Fitzgerald. Dopo aver sentito chiamare così l’ippodromo di New York da alcuni scommettitori sulle corse dei cavalli, chiamò la sua rubrica “Around the Big Apple”. Siamo agli inizi degli anni ‘20. Grande mela stava a indicare grandi vincite sulle scommesse. “ Vincere a New York è come afferrare la Grande Mela”. Una grossa mela, sinonimo di soldi e successo. E una grossa mela rossa era proprio il compenso che ricevevano i musicisti jazz degli anni ‘30 suonando nei locali di Harlem e Manhattan. Iniziarono così a soprannominare New York come la “Grande Mela”, capitale di successo della musica jazz nel mondo. Quando un concerto si teneva lontano dalla città usavano invece dire che andavano a suonare sui “rami”. Anni dopo, nel 1971, il termine fu ripreso dall’allora presidente del turismo, Charles Gillet, durante una campagna di promozione pubblicitaria della città. Il paragone a una grossa mela rossa e succosa serviva per dare un’immagine più allettante e invitante a una New York spesso vista come una città violenta e pericolosa. Da allora New York divenne per tutti la Grande Mela. Nel 1997 il sindaco Giuliani riconosce ufficialmente la paternità del soprannome a John J. Fitzgerald, battezzando “Big Apple Corner” l’angolo tra la Broadway e la 54th strada, dove viveva il cronista sportivo. Non tutti sanno che… …tra i meno abbienti New York è soprannominata “The Big Onion”, perché si può sbucciare a strati, fino a rimanere in lacrime con nulla di fatto in mano. Precisiamo subito che sebbene lo Stato di New York sia il primo produttore di mele degli Stati Uniti, questa non è la vera ragione per cui New York si chiama Big Apple. Altro chiarimento: pensare a New York come ad una grande mela da mordere, inteso come approfittare delle tante opportunità interessanti che la città offre, è un altro tentativo in parte scontato, ma non valido, di giustificare il soprannome. Incluso credere che la mela sia la forma dei cinque grandi distretti che compongono New York (Queens, Bronx, Harlem, Brooklyn e Manhattan) con il “torsolo centrale” rappresentato da Manhattan. Un numero imprecisato di spiegazioni e multipli tentativi di verità, che possano decidere il vero significato dell’espressione grande Mela si sono alternati nel corso degli anni. Rimasta per molto tempo un mistero, la storia della sua origine è stata chiarita, e quindi e’ stato tracciato un quadro più preciso del suo uso. “APPLE”, GLI IPPODROMI DI NEW YORK Intorno al 1920, il giornalista del New York Morning Telegraph, John Fitz Gerald, che si occupava di ippodromi e corse di cavalli, scrisse di aver sentito dire dai lavoratori afroamericani impiegati a pulire le stalle dell’ippodromo di New Orleans, che sarebbero andati a lavorare nella “big apple”. All’epoca “apple” era il nome con cui si chiamavano gli ippodromi nella zona di New York. Secondo Fitz Gerald dunque “big apple” era un chiaro riferimento alla città. Fu così dunque che il giornalista cominciò ad utilizzare l’espressione negli articoli della sue rubriche. DAGLI ANNI DEL JAZZ A RUDOLPH GIULIANI Agli inizi degli anni Trenta, altri scrittori iniziarono ad usare l’espressione “big apple” in riferimento a New York, e non nel contesto delle corse all’ippodromo. “The Big Apple” divenne anche il titolo di una canzone di successo del tempo. I musicisti jazz di quell’epoca poi adottarono il termine per indicare New York come la casa dei piú importanti club di musica jazz del Paese. Nei due decenni successi, gli anni Quaranta e Cinquanta, lo scrittore Walter Winchell e colleghi continuarono ad utilizzare l’espressione. Frank Sinatra il 28 marzo del 1950 la usò in un dialogo con la cantante d’Opera Dorothy Kirsten, durante la trasmissione radiofonica della NBC Light Up Time di cui era co-presentatore. Negli anni Sessanta “the Big Apple” veniva usata per definire comunemente New York City. Piú tardi, in seguito ad una massiccia campagna di pubblicità e di promozione da parte del dipartimento del turismo della città, “Big Apple” fu esportata anche all’estero. L’ufficializzazione si può dire che fu confermata quando il sindaco Rudolph Giuliani designò l’angolo a sud-ovest di West 54th St e Broadway quale “Big Apple Corner” (Angolo Grande Mela) nel 1997. Lo spigolo è quello dove visse John Fitz Gerald dal 1934 al 1963..
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