Engineers COMMANDER/COMMANDANT by CPT Robert A

Initiative-The Key Ingredient

by CIYT William Scully

lhi otlier day n.hilc 1 wns instt.uc- The Army is constraint oriented. At create the win. TLing an EOBC cli~ss,a .;tod,.nt was the con1pall.v commander level, success AirLi~ndBattle embodies the spirit of wrestling with many oftlie new tei.ms, is judged toomuch Ipaperson's ability the offense. It must havc leaders who acronyms, and jargon that he was to cope with a myriadofchucklists(i.c., can create the advantage even at times <-nooont<:~.ingHc was confi~sedahout a I(; rcparts; SOPS, readiness reports, when there is none. or toinitiate action term called "AirI.and Rattle." IIr sirid inventoryr and not enough with the in the absence of instruction. Jim that lic~~callydid not know what it \v:is ability to takc charge, create, and suc~ O'Leary was ultimately unsuccessful and asked me to r)xpl;rin it to hini. ccctl. The saddest part of all is that not hecause when the game got heated, Withl,ut going inti] the tactics in- enough attention is paid to the hottoin there =,as never enough time to check volvt?d.I said that Air1,and Battle drrc- line-mission accomplishment,. with the coach; and he didn't know trine rxtc:nded the niain batlle area to Instpad, the success factor is based what to do. incorpi~r:ltethe full scope of the battle- upon partial successes which are The stakes of the AirLand Battle ficlrl-fbraard, I-carward, and verti- chocked-off along the way. In this case, demand that our leaders are hettcr cally. Marc important. hoxevel: fkom the sum ofthe parts does not equal the than Jim O'Leary. The good news is llie human dilncnsion. it revel-sed Lhc whole. ARTEPs, FTXs, and even the that we have people who fit the bill.'l'he drfcnsirc posture rnenta1l.v to one fully NTC have hecolne a G-2game and not badnews is that the leadershipclimatc incorporating the spirit ofthe offense. I honest displays nf'ahility. Commanders does not allow them tu come into the to~,ka moment to digress and tell the enter Lhese exercises understanding spotlight. The leadershipclimate that class how I felt about this new doctrine what they must accomplish in order not will produce winners in the Airland and what must be done tomake it work. to lose-instpiid of focusing on all-out Battle is mission oriented, observes It is very importi~nlto nie that tile fightingto win' more than it directs, and rewards initja. r2irL:lnd Battle doctrine was dcvcloped. The Army as a whole must encourage tive on site. Thc di~ctrinegives soldiers the psvcho- more dynamic leaders-more self- A German general onceexplained to logic;ll advantage of initiative asso- starters. The AirLi~ndButtlc was not me how the German army trains its ciated with oSfensive operations. Mv n~adcfinthe Jini O'Leaq's (Jim's name armor 1eadel.s. The system works on a hclicfis snppol.ted hy thc agc-<,Idcry of has been changed to protect the inno- series of mission-type orders in which the (botball sportscaster ~hocon>- centlofthe world. the young leader is given the mission piailled that the defense \\.;IS on the Who is Jim O'Leary? Ht, is a kid who and must develop his own solution. The field all day. and thusit was incvitahle played high school sports with me. He general explained that "initiative" was L hat they wore down to defeat wris ncver cut from a squad, and he the key. The ohservers watched to The defense nu longer has to worry started on a few teams. The problem ensure that the young leader took ahout wenring down, and the. offcnse with Jim was also the thing that made action. Even if the action was doctrin- can h;ivc. n little fun focusing their him a success. Jim had "coach's eyes." ally unsound(this could he coached), it cfhrts in putting some points on the That's right, no matter what sport he was better than no action at all. A hoard. \C7e ~eriusthave leaders who \rill played, he al\vays sought the coach's shrug of the shoulders by the young take initiative and cnpitalize on the approvitl after every play. He ~vould leader helped choose another career for uff'ensive opportonities provided by the hack-pedal down the baskathall court him. :\irl,and Rattle. Ti) hirve leaders who looking at the bench to check the coach. For maximum effectiveness of our will demonstrate i~~itiativemeans we Hc would look in from the infield or forct: under the AirLand Battle doc- must dotuo tlrin~s. over at the sidelines. trine, the American Army must do First, our Armv must be ablr tu It is true that the coach felt some more to crcate an environment as ~,ecognizedynamic 1c:rtlers who h:~vc security in putting Jim on the playing described by that German general. The the ability to tukr, charge Second, tho fi~,ld,but you could never get the hig organization must sift out the Army must develop other leaders tot.ht* play f'l-om him. He never neated any "shoulder shruygers:' and it must point that they can employ this new real advantage because he lacked the ~vatch,develop, and reward those who doctrine. 'The ;insi\-er is to structure a assertivenessor the innovation to take /.oki,rhar-geThisclimatemust start in Icadership climate that \\-ill thrive on ch~irgeonhisownvolition. What he did initiative and innovative spirit. well was minimize the losses . . . not FEATURES 12 Brigade Slice Observations at NTC by MAJ Rohert G. McKeet~erand MAJ Robert L. Somrrs 16 Training Task Force Engineers COMMANDER/COMMANDANT by CPT Robert A. O'Brien 111 M(; Richard S. Kern 18 Engineer Matrix ASSISTANT COMMANDANT 1)y ILT Charles A. Radkr COI. [)onW Barber 20 18th Century Fortress Design Principles: Modern Point (:tIlEF OF STAFF, DEPLn' Obstacles INSl'AI.I.Kl'IO\ CO\l\lA\DER by MAJ Stc,oen H. Myer und MAJ Jeffirson J Irvin COI. I'eter D.Stearns 23 Daily LOGPAC Operations COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR 1132 CCPPaulA. Petzrick JI: 1: CSM Charles 'Xuckcr 24 The Final Exam in EOBC by CPTDunne A. Dyer nnrl MAJ David R. Bowen DIRECTOR OF TRAINING AND DOCTRINE 27 Broken Heart International Airfield LTC Robert L. Keenan by I,TC Willialn D Brou:n and ILT Blnke Middleton. CHIEF OF PUBLICATIONS 28 The Will to had Stanley (korges hy MAJ Philip Benhnm and MAJ Charles Krrshazc 30 Engineer Construction Equipment Repairer: An MOS Under Change hy CW3 Melad Sniith JJ: MANAGING EDI-IUR 1I:l' Loois J. 1.rtu 32 External Air Transport Procedures for Bridge Erection DESIGN DIRECTOR Boat Tllom;ts Datjis 34 TOC Operations Revisited ASSISTANT EDITOR h.y LTCJohn W Bradvn Jr Alan VandrrMi,lrn 37 Engineer Command Update THANKS, LOU! 38 The Command Challenge: Preparing Officers for CVI Selection by CPTMicher~lA. La~tsirzg

DEPARTMENTS

On the Cover Inside Front Cover: A Pe~~sonnlViewpoint Soldiers of today continually trnin lo 2 Past in Review 10 School News b~colncthe effective leaders of tomorrow Teamwork. one of the many facets of leader- 3 Letters to the Editor 22 Engineer Problem ship. is itecessae as these enginecrr huatlr 4 News and Notes 26 Engineer Solution to connect a short ramp to an MGB during 8 Clear the Way 33 HotlineQ&A Oremtion Pontonier (1i.S. Army photo). 9 Bridge the Gap 40 Career Notes

ESGIXEEH 8lSSX 0u46~1YHY1is un ;iuthorvn:d p~lirllc;~tl(maf fhv USArii~~Enyinrcr Cenlrr and Fort Belvm,: CZ.Uniers spceitici$ll stdtrd, m;%tcrijll ap[,i,;hl~ Inc Ihrvr,ln does nor necesser~lyrellect oii~c~alpolicy. thinking nor i,ndorsemcnt by any agency ofthe U.S. Am? The a.or.da he. him, or his arc used lo represent ),el-~onnelol'e~thersex All photogmphs contziincd herein i~eofliciui US. Arm? photographs unless otlier~r~ci.el.editrd. The use of'itixids fir prlntlng this ip~~l,licat#onnos appr.ilved 1)). Headquarters. Department of thc At.my, on July 22. 1981. Material herein nliiy be reprinted if clwdit is glaen to CNI;INEEK ;and 111 the iiittbul. ISClSEER'i ~ihir~l~vrsare LO pl.oride n hrum for Lhee?ichangc of ideas, to inform and rnntivstr. and to pr~lniritoO,r ]7i.i,fcssil,nnidevelop- mmr i,f till mvmbvl-s of tile Amy eni.incev cumn~onily.Direct eot~respnndeneewith ESGIUEEK 1s nrlthurired anrl i*i~o~a~.itg~d.Inq!uxi~s,ic!t~rsto LIIV ~ditn~ VOIIIIIIU~,~:~I~~PS,rnimus~l.lpts,plxotogriiphs ;ind i.ener;$l culwespondenee should be sent to: ENGINEER hlagazine. Xr%A:l'L)-I' Slop 2L)ID. Fnrr Bcivoir. VA L2U6U-5291. Phone: r7031 6643082, i\V '354. EUGINEER m;ly Lw, iurrilnlcd LO prra,nnrl in nrilitary rnrlts. Address changer should be sent to EKC;lSEEII. Subscrlptloi~sto CNGINEEH are ovn~lohlethrough the Sope~.intendcntolDoeon,ents. US. ~~,urz~nmrntPl.inting Office. Wnshin~mon.UC.20402 A check 01. money ordel. paynble to Superintendent of Documents. must xrompany ;ill sabrcription requests. Rates ;rue $11.00 (0,. t1nnlei;tic lineludini: :\PO and FPOl nddrr~srsand 813.75 for forrlgn addresses Indindual copies arc itviailable nt $3.00 jper cop? ror domcstrc orliircises and $3 75 fi,~.filt.rign addresses. Second Clnss prlstagr liaid sit t'o1.t Rrlin~rV.4. and addltlonal mailing oll'iccr, POS'I'M,~STER.send ;rdd?css ch.lnires to ESGINEER, ATZATD-P, Stop 291a Fort Rclvoir \'%22060.3291 A sur.r~e.ypart.vo~~~~lepl~ar~tspa.~cc.s ri 11~1Il~lo~t~1~ \v~rkingon 111~ l~~lu f(0~t~1iii ilor-thern UII,.,II;L'I11~~.iOlJ-r7~il~~road rr iw constructed f1.y L'S. Army engineers during \lbrld War 11 to com~r~tnol.tirc~nstern India with the liu~-ainI

the road; local labor and Chinese arpy Past in engineers assisted. During early 1944, COL Pick had to provide con~hatsup- port to Allied troops who were pushing the Japanese out of north Burma. In Review February work stopped because the ~.oadheadwas too close to Japanese rilles, and in May the monsoons again brought progress to a halt. With nortll Burma recaptured and tlie monsoons ovey, the road moved for^ ward rapidly in late 1944. One engineer by Dr. William C. Baldwin battalion built 104 bridges totaling HistoricalDivision, O.C.E. 5.105 feet in three months, and a li~ht pontoon company built a 1,200-foot pon~ fter the Earl Harbor attack, the southwestern China. Construction of toon bridge over the Irrawaddy Riven In Japanese empire spread rapidly the 500-mile Ledo bad through the A late Ja~~uary1945, COLPick left Ledo into southeast Asia. By May 1942, remote and inhospitable jungles and with a large convoy and, after several .Japanese forces conquered most of mountains of north Burma was one of delays, reached Kunming, China, on Burma and threatened India. Because the largest and most demanding tasks February 4 amid great celebration. The Japanese troops already conll.olled the given to 1I.SArmy engineers in Wi~rld Ledo Road, dubbed Pick's Pike by the Chinese coast, their conquest of Burmn War 11. soldiers and officially named the severed tlie last ground lines of com- Primative roads already existed for Stilwell Road. now provided a ground liiunication between China and the the southern half of the route, but the linkto China. western Allies. first 275 miles of the road passed U.S. Army engineers provided almost, During the early years of the war, through uncharted jungles and moun- half of the labor required to build the American leaders believed that China tains. In November 1942, three engi- Ledo Road. Their existence, according could become a major theater in the wa- neer onits, which had received only to the officialhistory of the theater, was against Japan but would require huge part of their equipment, began work a "grim monotony ofrain, damp, heat, infusions of' military equipment and under the command of COL John C. mud, mildew, mold, insects, isolation, rupplies. With Japan in contr-ol of Arrowsmith, who told his troops to put boredom, and physical effort in an soi~theastAsia. the Allies had toairlift the leading piece of equipment ahead as obscure corner of the world." Their supplies across the vast Himalayan fast as possible and build the best road work, howeve,: produced one of the range that separated India ti-on] China. they could toheep up with it. mnjor engineer accomplish~nentsof Many doubted that this hazardous air Work progxcssed rapidly until the World War II. ~.outecoold transwort the enormous monsoons came in Aoril 1943. quantities of snpplies that China Thlaughout the summer, torrential needed. rains washed ant bridges and collapsed Suggestions for further reading: In late 1942, the Allies planned an embankments. The combination of rain Leslie Anders, The Lvdo Road: Goze,n/ offensive that would clear the Japanese and worn~outequipment stopped prog- Josepii W Stiiii!r/lk Higl~u,ayto ti-on, northern Burma and allow the ress on the road as engineers struggled Ciitrin (Norman: University of construction of an ol.erland line of com~ to save what they had already built. Oklahoma Press. 1965). miinication to Chjna. American engi~ In the f:~llof 1943, COL Lpwis A. Pick, Karl C. Dod, The Curp.s offlngineers: neers would build a road from t,he town later Chief of Engineers, tookcharge of Ttie U'nr AgaUtstJapun. USArrny in of Ledo in northeastern India to connect the pro,iect. Gradually, more engineer \Vu~o,-/

Particular emphasis should he placed C. Cary Jones on attendance at the FEMC. with an Assistant Deputy Chief of e.ve toward a well~roundedDEH Train -staff ing Program including all three com- In support of Mr. Ketchum's article, ~~~i~~~~ (~ ~& ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ plementaly courses. To this end, review "Prepnringfir-voiirDEHA.~slgr~me,il." ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ) by DA of current assignment proce- ENGINEER, Spring 1985, I want to HQ, U.S. Army, Europe, and dures was requested, so that appropri- urge attendance at "functional" train- Seventh Army ate trainingcan be scheduled enroute. ing courses for personnel enroute to DEH. or DEH-equivalent, assignments in Europe. The Facililies Engineering Manage- ment Course (FEMC), a general over^ I read with some interest an article second lieutenant and having humped view of the DEH business, and the DEH from the May 6th edition of the with the 500-plus pound panels and Executive Management Cuursc, cur- Phibrdelphio Inquirer regarding the 800~pluspound stringers along with my rent issues facing the DEH, provide a recent death of Sir Donald Bailey. 1 troops, 1u:oulcI take issue with thecom- preparatory base neccssary for en^ think it might be of interest to other ment that its components "could he car- hanced job performance and are offered menibern of the Army engineer corn- ried easily hy a few men.'' at the United States Army Engineer murlity considering the role that the MAJ Timothy P. Drozd School IUSAESI, Fort Belvoir, VA. In Bailey Bridge has had in the Corps of U.S. Army ROTC Instructor Europe, at their Munich facility, the 7A ISngineers. I would think that just Group Combined Arms Training Center i7A ahont every engineer soldier, officel; University of Pennsylvania CATC) offers thc DEH blanagernent enlisted and NCO alike, has had the jVol~z:See 1,-ibute toSirDor~nldBailn, Course, which provides the USAREUR opportunity a~idchallenge of asseni- in ENGINEER, Su,n,nc?r1985. perspective of the DEH business. This blinga Bailey Bridgc. course complements the USAPE DEH However, having heen a Bailey Bridge training. platoon leader I'or over a year as a

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I wouldlike tonote an olniasion inadein tin1 Unit 11 (see enclosure four]. upon landing. I would strongly suggest yoor winter edition article, "WWII While I'm aware that not every engi- that this battalion playeda vital roleon R~rgine~rsin the Eicmpean Th.eaterW neer onit can he mentioned, the vital that historic day that deserves a nota- The Normandy Landings section of roleasassaultengineersrvith the 116th tion in your magazine. that article failed to note this battalion Infantry could hardly he overlooked LTC Louis V. Leo and the 121st Engineer Combat Bat- when it is placed with the roles of the HQ, 112th Engineer t.alion. The 112th and 121st closely 5th and 6th ESBs. The 146th Engineer Battalion(CBT)(CORPS) followed the 146th Engineer Battalion Battalion lost nearly 40 percent of its Ohio Army National Guard and preceded the Engineer Special troops and 80 percent of its equipment Brigades ashore. Besides eyewitness accounts kom fon~iiermembers of this organization, I have attached three items taken from this organization's history files to sup- I just finished reading the Summer a significant teaching tool for our nort this letter- Enc1osul.e number one issue of ENGlNEERMagaaine and was younger- engineer officers and soldiers. is n landing diapam with the 112th impressed with the Engineer Com- If such an article has already been highlighted. Enclosure two is aportion mand Update. published, or a book has already been 181 IIIC 1 itit:. I..~rancrrC111111,;~t 13;~t- One tl'tl,t.rlo.-ric IIGI~:~~a104~inmy .TI<11OI, the =UI~~,TI.1~~~~~ol~l:tl~pr~:~. lliiI I i d I I I nitnd K:I; \vlltl 11 I I.:S(;ISEI-R M:tu:j :~tt,Lno\vin# 3ho111il the~nissionsofsome ofthe 112th units zine hasever published a series ofarti- on Omaha Beach. Enclosure number cleson how the various engineer units Winston V. Coley three is an extract from a letter by the obtained their unit designations. 1have CPT, EN 1121st Engineer Combat Group noting seen a similar series of articles on the USAR the actions by the 112th Engineer division-sized units in the SOLDIERS Battalion. Magazine over the last three years. Nolc: ENGINEER has notprinted rich The actions of this battalion at I believe that such a series of articles nrticles. Readers, can ,v<~uirt~lp proaide Omaha beach earned it the Presiden- on engineers would he informative and the irifirrnatiu~~?

ENGINEER'FBII 1985 3 News & Notes

months This Class 70assaul11,ridge can hrearh terrain gaps of 30feet and can he split clown the middle for easier transport by air, sea, orrail. The Combat Systems Test Activity the Marine Corps. Both the HAD and "By takingadvantageofdeepgullies, (CSTAI at the Aberdeen Proving the TLB are Class 70 hridges, making streams, and destroyed bridges . . . an Ground, MD, will test new bridging them capable of' supporting the heavi enemy commander can channel forces systemsfor the Army and Marine Corps est tank in the Army inventory (63-ton opposing him into areas where his duringthenext 18months.Actual test MlAl Abramsl. The LAB, a Class 30 defenses are best. The bridges we're sites, however, will be at Fort Lewis, bridge, is intended for light engineer devslopingwill allow our forcesto cross

WA. and installations in Pennsvlvania. units not eauiooedA A. with heavv tanks. these obstacles ouicklv and reach areas ~ccordingto Nancy 'Iroccol~,CSrA According to Byron ~awLy,Troop where the enemy's defense is weaker. test director, plans are being developed Support Division, the new systemswill The bridges will also enhance our abil- for a heavy assault bridge (HAR)and a improve battlefield mobility, enahling ity to conduct retrograde movements light assault bridge iLAB)for the Army commanders to overcome "channeliz- when the sitnation requires," he said. and a trailer-launched bridge (TLB) for ing"effects of obstacles.

New Tool Ideas Wanted The Army has established a new entry point within the Army Materiel Command for new tool ideas or suggestions for minor items of equipment, This is to assist and encourage tool users to submit their suggestions to the Army's maintenance community for evaluation and possible acquisiti~in. ,I.hc ncw screening point is: Commander USAMC Materiel Keadiness Support Activity (MRSA) AT1'N: AMXMU-MU Lexington, KY 40511~5101 New ideas may also be sent tu MRSA through SMAKT chan- TheM998 series high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (Hummer) is nels. That address is: one of two replacements for the MI51 %-ton truck. The Hummer, which is Commander being fielded now, is equipped with an air-conditioning unit that will he U.S. Army Logistics Center maintained by engineers in the 52CMOS. The 15 varieties of the Hummer ATTN: ATC1,-CS'T (SMART) include two cargoltroop carriers, eight weapons carriers, three amhu- Ft. Lee, VA 23801-6000 lances, and two communications carriers (photo courtesy of the LTV Corporation). Over 2,000 children at six feeding centers in Gao, Mali, now get twomeals a dayinstead of one, thanks to the 565th Engineer Battalion which built an M4T6assault bridge to transport grain (photo by SP4 CraigBeason).

U.S. Army combat engineers are the ferry that normally connects Gao remote desert town of Gao, and 20 bringing food to thousands of hungry with seaports to the south was being Malian soldiers hclpad the Americans children in drought-stricken Mali. on repaired in the capital city of Bamako. transport the bridge by truck to the raft an M4T6 assault. bridge they built and Thc ferry can't make the 560-mile site. An Air Force airlift team packed now operate. return trip until the Niger River rises. the three C-141 loads at Ramstein, A 15-mandetachment from the 565th which normally happens by September. reloaded theequipment at Bamakofor Engineer Battalion, 7th Engineer The engineers will operate their raft nine C-130 flights tu the smaller Gao Brigade, Karlsruhe, West Germany. until then. airport, and helped off-load there. built the t,actical pontoon raft near the Before the Army raft was built, few Once the raft reached the river, the southern Sahara village of Gao and trucks made the three-day journey from engineers built the five.float M4T6 raft began to ferry truckloads of grain ports in Benin, Senegal, Togo, and Ivory in less than two days, workingt,hrough across the Niger River on May 24. Coast where the donated grain arrives. sandstorms and daily temperatures of The grain, which is donated by the The ones that did were delayed two days over 135 degrees. "7kelve soldiers laid U.S., France, Switzerland, Holland, and at Gao while their shipments were off- on all the deck plating in four hours," Denmark, is distribut,ed from 160 Red loaded by hand into small dugout 1SG Douglas Masterson said. "That's Cross feeding centers in the district canoes and paddled across the river. good time for twice that many people." most affected by the two- year drought. This method cost the drivers about The Malian Army gets its training "The extra grain brought in the raft $100 daily, and one ton in fifty was lost and some equipment from the Soviets, allows us to double the amount of food to spillage or theft. The U.S:alone has French, and West Germans. This is the we give out:' Red Cross nutrition advi- donated 17,000 tonsofgrain toMali in first time Malian and American sor Pascal Villenueve said. Instead of 1985. Much of that sat at the seaports soldiers have worked together and is one meal a day, the six feeding centers until word of the raft reached the the largest American presence ever in in Gao now feed about 2,000 children truckers there. the country. twicedaily. The engineers used C-130s to deploy (SP4 Craig Beason, 7th Engineer Supplies lo the tuwn dwindled while the equipment from the capitol to the Brigade) , ,.,, < ...... ~~~ .~~.. News & Notes

A new design for bridge decks that could reduce the weight of the Army's future bridges hy20perce11t was devel- oped by the Belvoir R&D C~n~ter. Catherine Kominos, an engineer in the Engineer Support Laboratory, ht:- gan wo~kon the deck design as an inde- pendent research project after hcr branch chief suggesled that she expcri- ment with a memhrane and shell struc- ture as a design for n bridge deck. Bridge mobility is directly related to the weight of the bridge con~ponents, and the heaviest part ofthe bridge is its deck. 'l'raditionally, military hridges ware designed as deck-floor beam sys- tems u;hich carried vehicle loads to truss girder support systems. Deck sur- faces \-ere flat and carried only local Catherine lio,virto* examines a completed model ofher new bridge dpiig.n. loads. Following World War 11, engi- If tests arc, s~rrressful,this concept could reduce the weight of Army neers began to design deck surfaces bridges bv almost20 percent (photo courtesy of Belvoir R&D Laboratories). which were "art of the sUDDort.. struc~ tore, creating a conlposite deck structure. The new design consists ofa curved could "theoretically support a Class 70 "We knew that a membrane structure membrane stiffened hv a series of' vehicle,"Kominosadded. was t.he most efficient means ufweight opposing. curved shells which formed After further testing and producing distribution, hut there was no record of the deck surface. The structure would models, the Belvoir H&U Center plans its being used in either civilian or reduce the weight ofthe bridge by elim- to let a contract for producing 10-fbot military bridge structul-es," Kominos inating the top cord ofthe bridge deck. sections for initial evaluations later said. Computer tests show that the design this year.

It began as a training mission . . . B Hercules aircraft. The airplane was extension on the midnight deadline to Company, 27th Engineer Battalion was eventually fixed, hut high winds over destroy the runway could not be to parachute into Fort A. P Hill, VA; the drop zone forced the paratroopers to granted. march one mile to an airstrip; destroy it cancel theirjump. Determined to complete their mis- with explosives; and return to Fort The engineers did, however, ail.drop sion, the engineers used their picks, Bragg, NC, by helicopter. Engineers of 500 pounds oftools and 1,200 pounds of shovels, posthole diggers, and a lot of the 82nd Airborne Division would then explosives on two of the several passes muscle to crater the airstrip during the rebuild the landing zone. made over thcdrop zone. night. They also shon,ed ingenuity in What the 27th Engineers didn't know After landing at the Richmond, VA, using a U~7bulldozer to destroy the was that fhtc had other thingsplanned airport, the engineers returned to the runway. As the sun began to rise, Cum- for them. Almost everything that could drop zone by bus where they picked up pany B'scre~vcompleted their mission go wrong,did. their equipment and marched to the with a total of 30 potholes, each Double first started when the engi- airstrip. measuring approximately 5x 5x4feet, nccrs' transportation to Fort A. P Hill IJpon arriving at the airstrip, the dug into the airstrip. was delayed for two hours because of paratroopers learned they were unahle But the ordeal was not over for the mechanical problems with the C-130 to use their explosives because an soldiers. Tha final straw was drawn when inclement weather approached Fort Bragg The CH-47 Chinook l~cli- copters scheduled to fly the para- troopers home were grounded, once more leavingthem totravel by hus. CPT Minihan, Company B con~mand~ ez later credited his troops for a joh well done. "They continued to drive on and get the job done when things began to go wrong." (PFC Ruben Maestas, PAO, Fort Bragg, NC)

Video disc technology may soon help commanders map out their battle plans. Scientists at the U.S. Army Engineer Topogaphic Lahoratories (ETL) have assembled a microcom- puter-controlled vidco system which makes it easy to store, retrieve, and display maps and manage other mili- tary information, Army groups in West Germany oh^ served how the system works whenETL researchers demonstrated t,he equip- ment at the USAREUR Military Engi- neering Conference in Berchtesgaden. After the conftrence, they conducted hands-on sessions for officials at USAREUR Headquarters in Heidel- berg, the 1st Armored Division in Anshach, and thc 649th Engineer Bat- A microcomputer-controlled video discsystem assrmhled by the JCngineer talion in Schwetzingen. Topographic Laboratories provides a unique mission-planning tool (photo "We wanted to show how the micro- rourtesy of ETI,). computer'video disc combination could he used to manage large amounts of disc systems. By teaming the two tech^ contents and capabilities of U.S. and mapping and tactical data,'' said Rob nologies, ETL scientists have created a enemy arsenals; photographs of these Lambert, an ETLprqject engineer who unique mission-planningtool. weapons systems are included on the demonstrated the system in Germany. 0pet.ators can take military symbols video disc. An "order ofhattle" program The system has a micro compute^: a stored on a magnetic disc and arrange breaks each army down into smaller video disc player, a television signal them over the recordcd map displays to units and shows their locations and decoder, and a touch-panel controlled show the location of friendly andenemy strengths. These programs can support television monitor. ETL scientists wrote forces. They can use the resulting "situ- a varicty of planningfunctions. software programs and designed a ation maps" to keep track oftroop units ETL's demonstration system is a first special video to demonstrate the by adding, deleting, or moving symbols step in exploring the mapping applica- military planning applications of this as the battle progresses. tions of video disc technology. Research. equipment. The demonstration disc Users can also call up climate infor- ers are examining other aspects of this contains maps, aerial photographs, and mation and wcapons data stored in the technology which might he useful to the three.dimensional terrain views for microcomputer. Climatological listings military. These studies may eventually selected areas in Germany. describe the temperature, precipitation, pay off in improved techniques for man- Microcomputers can increase the and ground conditions expected in the aging and manipulating mapping and data management capabilities of video field. Weapons data files catalog the tactical data. LEAR THE WAY by MG R~chardS. Kern, Commandant, U.S.Army Engineer School

Engineers: Key Members of the Combined Arms Team

Warfare on the modern battlefield will be character- tered by the lieutenant in support of a task force. Task ized by highly mobile forces equipped with lethal and force engineers need to be as conversant in all factors of highly technical weapons systems. To win on this hat- METT-T as the maneuver commanders they support. tlefield, we need capable leaders. Combat power must In addition, the engineer lieutenant must know how to he synchronized and brought to bear on enemy weak- get the most out of his men and equipment. The Engi- nesses at decisive times and places. AirLand Battle neer School plays an important role in developing doctrine, therefore, requires that modern techniques young officers; but engineer commanders must con- and technology can be exploited to the greatest extent tinue the training process, stressing the importance of possible. This can only be accomplished through com- dynamic leadership. petent leadership. But the questions may arise, "Can The task force engineer should participate in the leaders be trained? Can they be taught to be compe- planning phase of all operations. After-action reports tent, especially in such adverse conditions as the from the National Training Center reveal that the task modern battlefield?" The answer is a resounding yes! force engineer is frequently not a participant in the In the Spring 1985 issue of ENGINEER, I empha- task force planning process and often does not attend sized three main ingredients of success-leadership, operations order briefings. This lack of coordination technical competency, and tactical proficiency. Again, almost always results in mission failure. I reiterate the importance of leadership. We have a The normal associations that foster the teamwork responsibility to train our young leaders to be strong, among the maneuver commander, his staff, and the agpessive, and competent. We owe them that training. engineer platoon leader begin in garrison and are We must make them all they can be for the sake of their essential for working well in combat. Engineer com- soldiers, their Army. and their country. manders must ensure that their platoon leaders attend History is replete with episodes in which engineers maneuver battalion training meetings and participate played a major role in determining the outcome of in CPXs,FTXs, and other training exercises to develop major battles. Engineers have repeatedly proven their tactical sense and to foster team spirit. Only then themselves to be key members ofthe Combined Arms will engineers become fully integrated and truly team. Our goal, then, must be to continue being an become combat multipliers. assured combat multiplier We must clearly under- The task force engineer must also be imaginative, stand the full scope of the battlefield, including the innovative, completely reliable, and have a desire for maneuver commander's concept. We must know his action. The article, "The Will to Lend," by MAJ unit's capabilities and use our assets to complement Benham and MAJ Kershaw describes how tiie task the effectiveness of the maneuver force. Therefore, our fbrce engineer must develop an accurate understand- most important mission at the Engineer School is to ing of himself, his subordinates, and the situation if he prepare the future task force engineers to meet this is to impose his will successfully in adverse conditions. challenge. The task force engineer plays a key role in the engi- The training which lieutenants receive at EOBC is neer support of the Combined Arms. We have a respon- the beginning of this process. Thearticle, "FinnlExnm sibility to ensure that he is well prepared and totally in EOBC," by MAJ Bowen and CIT Dyer shows our integrated into all aspects of the Combined Arms progress in providing realistic and challenging train- team. ing in scenarios similar to those that will be encoun- 1 G& d3

BRIDGE THE GAP by CSM Charles T. Tucker, U.S. Army Engineer Center 6 School

NCOs: The Passport to EffectiveTraining

All NCOs are trainers. A trainer is a role model, Fifth, you cannot afford to be a prima donna. Always mentor, instructor, coach, and leader. This requires be willing to set the example, fully participate in all substantial time and effort. Usually, NCOs train their activities, and share the hardships as well as the soldiers independently-unsupervised and unobserved triumphs. by the chain of command. Consequently, the most Finally, do not jeopardize your effectiveness as an critical evaluatorsof the trainers' performances are the NCO trainer with marginal weight, uniform, haircut, NCOs themselves. or improper footwear. Do you carry yourself erect? Do All trainers have one objective: To develop the best you salute smartly? Do you communicate in a military, possible soldier with the available time andresources. effective,and respectful manner? Do you appear profes- Obviously the emphasis is on developing a soldier's sional, or do you take shortcuts? If after some intro- technical and leadership skills for combat. To develop spection you find yourself deficient in some areas, you these two skills, NCOs must concentrate primarily on must dedicate yourselfto improvement. the soldier's ability to successfully accomplish indi- There are many responsibilities inherent in training vidual tasks. They must also teach their soldiers how soldiers. Here are some of the most important: important unit cohesion is for mission accomplish- Use your training time effectively. Have a con- ment. Individuals do not win wars; squads, platoons, tingency plan, present hip pocket training, always and companiesdo. carry abbreviated lesson plans for two or three NCOs must be professional in all respects. Your cred- subjects. ibility is directly related to your knowledge, technical Plan ahead and in detail. Use every minute, involve expertise, conduct, conditioning, appearance, and all soldiers, develop detailed checklists for field demeanor. You should be knowledgeable of small unit problems. tactics, basic weapons, MOS expertise, equipment, Document soldierperformance indetail. vehicles, and the capabilities and vulnerabilities of the Improve your counseling techniques and approach opposing force. to developing soldier performance. As an NCO trainer, you will demand high standards Know your soldiers. of conduct from your soldiers. Conversely, you must Be accessible to your soldiers. always demonstrate these same high standards. Enforce safety. First, profane language should not be used. It rarely Enforce personnel and property accountability. contributes to increased learning or effective training. The NCO is the heart of the Army's concept for train- Second, soldiers are going to make numerous and ing. Your individual skills and knowledge, your profes- repeated mistakes as they learn. Be patient in training sional manner, and your ability to counsel and develop slow learners. the students in your class or soldiers in your platoon all Third, never demean, belittle, or embarrass your contribute to your effectiveness as a trainer. Never be soldiers. satisfied with your present level of performance. Your Fourth, you are a trainer and not one of the students. responsibilities to the young officers you may train in You must maintain distance Only you can judge the EOBC and to the soldiers you may lead in a combat correct measure of distance depending.on your experi- engineer platoon demand nothing less than your best ence and confidence level as well as the group person- effort. all of the time. ality ofyour soldiers. - School News

Engineer Orientation The Engineer Orientation Team (EOT)will visit engineer units during Team: FY 86 in an effort to improve communications with these units. The teain will conduct presentations about current developments within the Engineer School and gather feedback on the effectiveness of various school products. Although dates for these visits were not available at publication time, the units below are on the agenda for EOT visits. In addition, engineer units in Europe are scheduled for visits during April 1986. Ft. Carson, CO Ft. Stewart, GA Ft. Riley, KS Ft. Benning, GA Ft. Devens, MA Ft. Rucker, AL Ft. A. P. Hill, VA Ft. Ord, CA Ft. Knox, KY Ft. Lewis, WA

EOAC Computer An additional 13 hours of computer literacy instruction was recently Literacy Instruction: added to the EOAC curriculum. The 20 hours of training which students receive now includes word processing, spreadsheets, and database management applications. Instruction is divided into two phases. The first phase consists of six hours of classroom instruction and a one-hour test covering basic com- puter terminology and applications. The second phase consists of two hours of classroom instruction, hut also includes eleven hours of hands-on training with microcomputers and their applications. This material is taught concurrently with the computer-assisted instruction (CAI) which students receive throughout the course on the Engineer School's PLAT0 computer-based instructional system. For more information, call CPT Leonard Whitehead at the Training Technology Branch. His telephone number is (703)664-3953,AV 354.

Field Engineering Input from the field has indicated that although engineer lieutenants Update: graduating from EOBC are technically proficient in such skills as install- ing minefields andemplacing obstacles, they are deficient in integrating these obstacles into an overall plan. Thismakes them less efficient as task force engineers. In response, the Field Engineering Branch has increased the course hours taught at the basic course in an effort to integrate the technical skills of mobility, countermobility, and demolitionswith tactical expertise. Conducted in close conjunction with Combined Arms instructors, the objectives of the increased course hours are the following: Future platoon leaders become proficient mangers and supervisors of field engineering skills such as obstacle emplacement and mine warfare. Future platoon leaders learn to perform better as viable Combined Arms members by seeing the overall plans of the battlefield and by properly representing the engineers to the task force maneuver commander. New lieutenants learn how to use their NCOs better and how to delegate tasks. (Forthis reason, the primary field engineering instruc- tors will be NCOs.)

Professional Engineers A new Guide to Registration for Professional Engineers has been pub- Exam Guide: lished by the U.S. Army Engineer School. Subjects coveredare:benefits of registration, requirements for registration, overseas exam locations, organization of exams, preparation for the exam, addresses and phone numbers of all state boards, examples of military experience that are accepted by someboards, and a selected bibliography of preparatory study material. Requests should be addressed to the Commandant, USAES, ATTN: PEIEIT Coordinator, ATZA-TE-RA,Fort Belvoir, VA 22060.5331,

New Director: This department recently welcomed COL Peter O'Neill as its new direc- tor. COL O'Neill is the former chief of the Engineer Management Divi- sion, MILPERCEN, and a recent graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Already having spent two tours at Fort Belvoir, COL O'Neill has also served in Vietnam; Germany; Fort Carson, CO; the Corps of Engineers District in Philadelphia; and the Office of the Chief of Engineers.

Cableman'sHandbook: The Lineman's and Cableman$ Handbook (ISBN 0-07-035678.51, recently replaced TM 5-765,Electric Transmission and Distribution, and will be issued free to users once. Units authorized the 52G MOS should send names of their property book officers, DODAAC (Department of Defense Activity Access Codes), and document number to: U.S. Army Engineer School, ATZATD-P,Stop291D, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5291. Brigade Sllice Observations

by MAJ Robert G. McKeever and MAJ Robert L. Somers

.. . ..

Opposingforce (OPFOR) soldiers participate in recent brigade slice opcr;~tionsat the NTC. The OPFOR is equipped with a Soviet M'CLB for this exercise. During brigade slice operations, engineers are concerned mainly with rorn- rnand and control, planningand coordination, and offensive and defensive execution (U.S. Armyphoto). ecently, the National Training 7 RCenter started ohserving open Organization tions ahovc the task force level. This Operations/lntelligence effort, the Brigade Slice Observation Proguam, has hern conducted by per- sonnel assigned on a temporary duty basis from the various TRADOC schools. Ohiectives of the program included exploring ways to improve training for brigade nnd brigade slice elements. determinine- methods for feedback to brigade players and support assets. and providing feedback to the service schools. Responsibility for conduct in^ these Services Figure 1. observations soon will transfer to a Il-3 team of 13subject matter experts per- manpntly assigned to the XTC. The arms and combat support arms person- ject matter experts observed t,heir engineers are represented on this team nel operated semi-independently respective functional areas, coached, by MA6 Mel Saxton, who worked with (transportation was the major limiting and provided Feedback. Comments were us during four rotations. This article factor) and reported to the operations consolidated. integrated, and con- ill focus on the organization and observer. The findings were then inte- densed into interim and final AARs. operation of the brigade slice observa~ grated and condensed into the interim NTC operations groups personnel tions. as well as on the observations and final AARs. In addition, the team formed the link between the brigade made of brigade engineer operations members performed individual coach^ and battalion operations and coor~ during the four rotations. ing and immediate feedback functions. dinated with the observers:controliers Organization Finally, they prepared the take-home for observation8 from the battalion task In the brigade slice observation package for the brigade. forces. (Figure I),combat service support(CSS) The engineer approach (Figure 3) personnel operated as a team and con- Operation focused on co~nmandand control. plan- ducted a separate CSS after action Most of the brigade slice observers ning and coordination, and offensive review lA.4R1. Their efforts were, of had not visited NTC before, establish- and defensive execution. Key brigade course, focused on the comhat trains of ing a requirement for a brief orienta~ engineer missions were identified the battalion task force and on the tion period before the rotation began. (Figure 4) and were considered in for- brigade support area IBSA). Comhat Early in therotation(Figure21, thesuh- mulating observations. 4. Engineer assets at all levels are Establish Otlservation S' poorly preserved. A %-ton truck pro- a:; Follows vides the hrigade engineer with abso- lutely no protection from small arms or Day 11234 51 6 7 8 9 11011121314 shrapnel; yet he needs to go forward for AR TF I Force on Force [ Live F~re I Force on Force reconnaissance, planning, and coordi- Mech TF I Force on Force [ Force on Force [ Live Fire nation with the task force engineer. When forward, the survivahility of the brigade engineer is probably defined in Orient Observe Write I I terms of minutes. Manuever comman- ders consistently did not provide secu------rity for the engineers working in front orient I Observe Write of their sectors, usually resulting in heavy losses or total annihilation for ~;leengineers. 5. Priority of engineer missions is NTC OC Cell I Br~ef [ Observe I AAR I Observe I AAR I AAR flexible. Different commanders will rank missions in a different order. For Figure2. example, on one defensive mission, a commander's priorities of engineer tasks were as follows: countermobility, Approach survivability. and mobility. On a similar defensive mission from a dif- Overall Offensive ferent rotation, the commander's Adrninistration/logistics I'~lanni~g/~oordination priorities were survivahility, mobility, and countermobility. Both missions Engineer Missions Execut~on succeeded, in part, because each com- mander's priorities for the engineer Overall Mobility tasks supported his own scheme of Operations Counterrnobility maneuver. Survivability General Engineering 6. Engineer equipment requires I Defensive special consideration at hrigade level to ensure continuous operations. One task Overall Planning/Coordination force lost its engineer platoon, includ- Recommendations Execution ing equipment, to enemy artillery before the task forre defensive positions Figure 3. were complete. However, the hrigade engineer was able to task additional assets to assist the maneuver com- mander in completing his obstacles. Brigade Engineer Observations is weak, and reporting and recording of Without the intervention of the brigade This section will give brief ohserva~ minefields is poor. For example, a unit engineer, the mission would certainly tions follov.~edby specific examples. In not reporting an emplaced minefield have failed. This special consideration keeping with NTC practice, names and caused an adjacent friendly unit to suf- applies no less to equipment down due units will not be disclosed. fer casualties in the minefield. In to maintenance problems. 1. A functional brigade engineer sec. another example, a unit failed to record tion is critical and must be supported and report a minefield and entered its 7. Maneuver units are generally not with its proper fill ofpeople and equip- own minefield, not once, not twice, but involved in obstacle construction. ment. The grade of 04 for the engineer three times. The use of Figures 5 and 6, Engineers should assist, supervise, and provides the maneuver commander Minefield Reporting and Deploying operate equipment for the supported with a qualified combat engineer Scatterable Minefield* would correct unit (FM 71-25, Task Force Operations). expert who can support the scheme of this problem. Manuever units should heavily exercise operations. Dual-hatting the company 3. Coordination, command and con- their responsibility to prepare obstacles commander or downgrading the hri- trol, is weak. Specific examples are and defensive positions for themselves. gade engineer position is not a solution. numerous. One engineer platoon By doing so, the maneuver forces free The brigade engineer section must attached to a task force went 36 hours engineers to construct additional also he supported with transportation without support from its attaching obstacles. On one mission, the engi- and communications equipment com- unit. This resulted in hungry soldiers neers worked alone on survivability mensurate with the unit to which and vehicles with no fuel. Not uncom- positions for the maneuver force and assigned. For mechanized and armor mon was the sight of a dozer sitting idly then worked on obstacles. Insufficient units, the engineer should have the use by on a trailer for six hours while tlie time remained before the battle for the of an M-577with at least two radios. crew waited in the cab for further engineers to construct survivahility 2. Planning the execution of obstacles instructions. positions for themselves. 8. Engineer ARTEPs do not promote Engineer Brigade Slice Combined Arms activity. As such, engi- Considerations and Key Brigade neer commanders should actively seek Engineer Missions opportunities to train with maneuver forces. Also, the forthcoming ARTEP 1. Keep the maneuver commander abreast of all engineer operations in the Mission Training Plans (AMTPs) will br~gadearea of operations. integrate engineer tasks into maneuver arms training, further improving engi- 2. Provide engineer input (annex) to all brigade and task force OPLANS and neer performance and survivability. OPOROS. 9. Engineers are a viable and valu- able member of the Combined Arms 3. Task engineer assets under brigade control to accomplish ene team. This point was illustrated at least missions in accordance with maneuver commander's scheme once each rotation when the planning operations. and coordination for obstacles, maneu- ver and fire support produced highly successful kill zones in and around 4. Collect and disseminate (as required) engineer essential elements of obstacles. information (i.e., gap crossing data, route classification, bridge data, The brigade engineer is the focal trafficability data). point of all engineer activities in a brigade. The brigade slice observation 5. Plan and adv~semaneuver commanders on FASCAM employment. process begun at NTC can provide valu- able information and lessons learned to 6. Plan and advise maneuver commanders of barriers and target installation be used in improving our performance. and execution. There are as many ways for a brigade engineer to operate as there are brigade 7. Ensure engineers have required logistical support in the area of engineers. The experience and lessons operations. of the past are currently being syn- thesized into FC 5-100-1,a new field cir- 8. Keep accountability of key engineer supplies in the brigade area of cular on the brigade engineer. operation such as FASCAM, mlnes, and demolitions. Figure 4.

. .. engineersmust engage (US.Army photo).

14 ENGlNEERlFalll985 MAJ Robert G McKeeuer is the sec- Minefield Reporting tion chiefofthe new Doctrinal Founda- tions Section, Department of Combined Arms, USAES. He has had uaried assignments in Germany, Korea, and the United States and is a 1972 ROTC graduate from Indiana Uniuersity of Penn.s,yluania He has a master's degree in geoenuironmental studies from Ship pensburg State College MAJ Robert L. Somers is the chiefof Field Engineering Branch Department of Military Engineering. USAES. He has held con~mandand staff assign- ments in Germany and the Uailed Slates. A graduate of both the US. Military Academy and the Command and General StaffColbge MAJ Somers obtained his MBA from Cenlral Michigan Uniuer,sity

-+ Report aRecord pf $q $--- -Critical -nation Coordi Initiative- Figure 5. The Key Ingredient "3 ? ;II , i --!+l-c;agp;n. +. 'gqrncr i.

Deploying Scatterable Minefields icontinuedfrom inside front cover) Scatterable Mine mation Flow Scatte ?S the precommissioning sources, be extended through the schools such as Fort Belvoir, Fort Benning, and Fort Knox, and show itself at the National ei) ADEIG-3) naining Center and Reforger. Truly creating this atmosphere requires bold and courageous changes Minefl' in many leaders in our system who are RP~ more comfortable in micromanaging. If we are going to experience the true synergy derived from developing inno- vative leaders, then we must be brave enough to change our mind set. The net result will be an AirLand Battle doc- trine which not only looks good on paper, but will be stamped indelibly in the hearts and minds of our leaders.

CPT William Scully, formerly an instructor in the Command and Leader- ship Branch, Department of Combined La\\- ,I Arms, USAES. CPT Scully is a 1977 graduate of the US. Military Academy igure 6. and has an MBA from American University. nglneer platoon leaders serving in Briefing the task force commander ing the terrain and asking questions divisional.. engineer line companies based on METT, OKOCA, and the E Understanding the Task Force have to perform one of the most five-parapaph field order will result in Commander demanding junior officer roles on the the task force engineer's better nnder- The task force engineer must begin to standing the task force commander's entire battlefield. While leading their think like the task force commander. platoon, they also normally serve as intent. Remember that the task force com- task force engineers. Because of this, Keeping con~municationswith the mander has at least 15years of military engineer battalion and company com- task force commander is essential. This experience. Specifically, the task force may be by radio, telephone, messenger, manders, as well as task force com- engineer must leanthe doctrine.There manders, must place significant or any means available. The essential is no substitute for studying FMs 71-1 thing is to KEEP COMMO. The task emphasis on training, monitoring, and and 71-25, Tank ond Meehanizedlnfan- supportingthe platoon leaderltask force force engineer should also frequent the try Battalion Task Force and Task Force engineer. same places as the task force com- Operations, and the task force field The engineer company commander mander and update him on the engi- standing operating procedures (FSOP). trains the task force engineers subor- neer operations in sector. Along with this, he must know the task dinate to him. With his battalion and The task force engineer must know force equipment and its capabilities, engineer doctrine and capabilities as task force commanders, the company the number of tanks or IFVs it has, the commander develops the training pro- well. The FM 5-100 series is now maximum effective range of its weapon gram to meet the needs ofthe task force. available and must be studied. A thor- systems, and the capabilities of its When developing the task force engi- ough knowledge of mobilitylcounter- vehicles. mobilitylsurvivability is vital. The task neer training program, the company The task force engineer must also commander shouldconsider at least the force engineer must learn about his understand detailed operational following: organic equipment as well as that graphics and keephis own overlay cur- Understanding the task force which may be attached to him. He also rent with the task force commander's. commander. needs to know the threat equipment FM 101-5-1, Operationai Terms and Getting into the decision flow. and capabilities. Then, with the help of Graphics, is the reference. Using good Conductingstaffcoordination. his battalion and company com- graphics to discuss operations overlook- Building confidence and mutual manders, he must work with the task respect.

CPT ROBERT A. Q'IRIIEN Ill --& w. An.r"sL .r +=ha= force commander on employing port or reinforce the terrain with he positioned between the work parties engineers to maximize their combat available or projected assets. He also and the enemy to preveut enemy weap- multiplyingeffect. provides mohilityicountern~obility ons systems from engaging the critical Using all of this knowledge, the task advice on route selection. The task force and vulnerable engineer assets at ntax~ force engineer must understand the engineer and the S-2 establish the pri. imum effective range. Just overwatch is commander's intent, translate it into ority intelligence requirements (PIR)of not sufficient. specified and implied tasks, and develop engineer significance to he directed to S-4:The task force enginem coo~di- the engineer plan. Becoming proficient the scout platoon leadel: The task force nates with the 5-4 to ensure that in these tasks ill help develop engineer must also report the results of logistics are projected, requisitioned, credibility with the task force com- any enginepr ~.econnaissancein sector and acquired in a timely manner. nlander This is necessary so that the to the S.2. Together they must ensure that logis- task forceengineer can be the expert on S-3: The task force engineer must tics release points and Class IV and V engineer activities in the task force translate all of the infurmation result- prestock points itask force run) are sectol' ing from the S~2coordination into an established and SOPSare developed to engineer plan that supports thecnncept ensure the proper functioning of these Getting Into the Decision Flow ofthe operation. Heshould be a key link systems. The 5-4 must also be made The next area of importance in train^ between terrain analysis and battle awareoftheClassII1 requirements for ing the task force engineer is teaching planning hy reinfbrcing to the taskfnrre supporting engineers. him horn to get into the decision flo\~ commander the significance of choke Scouts:Thescout platoon leader and FRI 101-5, Staff Orgnnizntion or~d points and terrain and water obstacles the task force engineer must coordinate Operations, explains how staffs fi~nc- in hoth the offense and the defense. Lo ensure that PIR concr~mingengineer tion and includes the engineer officer: The task force engineer recomn~ends matters are met. The task force engi- Detailed study ofthis manual is imp or^ task organization inputs to the S-3on neer will normally send an engineer tant. Concentrate on chapters 4 paragraphs 3a. mobiiityicountermohi- representative with the scout platoon through 7. lity!sarvivability; 3b, subunit missions; reconnaissance effort to assist in collec~ Beine included in the orders erouo is u . and 3c, coordination instructions, and tinz and reporling intelligence. Impor.. also in~~ottantWhen the ordersmour,-. helps develop the obstacle plan for the tant are: meets, the task fo~ceengineer should be operations order He ensures the inclu- 'Wafficablity. there. This includes warning orders, sion of priority of work, link ups, rally Existingnatural, cultural, and nlan~ terrain walks, staff planning sessions. points, logistic release points, locations made obstacles. decision briefings. OPORDS, and of primary and fallback positions, fol- Routes, roads, fords,AVLB sites, and AARs. The task force engineer must be lorv-on n~issions,and evacuation times. bridges. confident and asserliur to be an effective He must also continually stress that The locations of stockpiles of member ofthe orders group. He can be obstacles in the attack or defense are engineer assets. this way only if he is properly trained covered by direct and indirect fire. In FS0:Thetask forceengineer and the and well organized. addition, he advises the 5-3on decep- FSO coordinate to deter~ninethe avail- Conducting Staff Coordination tion and FASCAM missions. ability of Class V to support engineer Before attacks, the task force The task force engineer must execute operations. Obstacles should appear on engineer must learn from the 5-3 of numerous staff responsibilities to prop- the fire support overlay to ensure that intended battle positions 01. defense sec~ indirect fire is plotted to cover them. erly support the task fbrce. As a slat"[ tors on the objective in order to preplan officer,he must interface regularly with RAAM and ADAM missions must be the logistics needed for a hasty defense. theS-2, S-3,S4,scouts, fire support ofi- carefully analyzed and planned and Those supplies and equipment will cer(FSO), and Air Force liaison officer must be included on both the fire sup- then he ordered and may be moved for- (ALO). Let's consider the task force port plan and theohstacle overlay. ward in conjullction with the att,ack so S-3 (Air) or ALO: Obstacles must engineer'scoordination u~itheach. that they will not delay preparation of appear on overlays given to supporting S-2:The task force S-2supervises the defensive positions once they are intelligence preparation of the battle- aviation so that gunship and close air field iIPBI. He analyzes the enemy, tel.~ selected. He must alsocoordinate hasty support(CASIpilots will know where to and deliberate marking and reporting expect clusters of targets. Air-delivered rain, and weather All of these areas are of breach or bypass lanes through critical to the task force engineer Based FASCAM must be planned and ~nelnyobstacles. on the 5-2 analvsis uf the enemy that cuo~.dirrated. the task force will encounter; the task In the defense, the task force engineer Building Confidence and Mutual force engineer must determine with the must coordinate obstacle turn-over pro- Rrspert S~2the expected engineer capability of cedures, safe lanes through obstacles, Company commanders can help to the enemy force. FMs 100.2~1 and and ohstacle marking techniques. He develop confidence and credibility in 100-2~3,The S<~L'letArmy: Operalions must rnsure that the obstnelc plan is the task force enyineers they tram onfi Toclics and The Sor:iel Army: integrated into the task force surveil- Through officer p~.ofessional develop- Eqrrip,np,il, provide useful information lance and patrol plan to guard against ment IOPD) classes, task force engi- on threat tactics and organizntion. breaching by the enemy during dark- neers can hecome more proficient in From the terrain and weather esti- ness. He must also coordinate for work^ doctrine and staff functions. There are mates, the task force engineer recom- site security to be provided by the at least a few ideas for OPD classes con- mends how ta best provide mobility sup- maneuver unit. Security elements ,nusf tained in thisatticle. Becoming an active participant in mission statement (Sit; my mission is duled to be published in the fourth task force regular staff, training .. . 1. Also consider the following: quarter of FY 85. The program of meetings, and OPDs will help todevel~ Priority of work (mobility!counter- instruction for the Engineer Office op a solid relationship. Get task force mobilitylsurvivability). Basic Course is also being analyzed to engineers involved in the task force Obstacle overlays including determine what else potential task training management cycle. Monitor FASCAM for both offensive and force engineers should be taught. this closely to ensure that hrigade, task defensive operations. The task force engineer has finally force, and engineer battalion and com- The execution matrix(timevs task). gained the full attention that the posi- pany training cycles mesh. Train The survivability plan for each coni- tion deserves. Through proper training together whenever possible. The more panyitea~nand weapon syst,em(don't and emphasis on the part of engineer the task force and the task force forget ADA, FA, and engineer assets). platoon leaders, company and battalion commanders, and maneuver com- engineer see ofeach othec the hettel: The engineer equipment, weapons, Task force CPXs. TEWTs, and and personnel status. manders, the task force engineer will MAPEXs are other good sources of edu- soon truly be the task force com- Obstacle delay times are of interest as mander's engineer expert on the cation. naining his own platoon will \veil. While the task force engineer will also give the task force engineer a quality~control the construction of battlefield. realistic picture of the time and effort obstacles, the key to long delays at good CPT Rohert A. O'Brien 111 is an expended in tasks that provide mobil~ obstacles is effective direct and indirect ROTC ir~structorat Seton Hail Uniuer- ityicouiitermobilitylst~rvivability sup^ fire. Great obstacles not covered by fire sity. Before that he was aprqject offices port to the task fbrce. can be rapidly breached. FM 5-102, Departmcrzt of Combined A~ms, Coiinfrrrnobilitj.; FM 20~32, Mine1 USAES Alsq he lcas a plaloon leadec Briefing theTask Force Countermine O[~eratior~sat the Com- 842nd Engineer Company, South Commander pany Level; and FM 71-25, Tksk Force Dakota National Guard, and com- 'The only way to become proficient at Operntions, are the references for manded Company B, IstEngineerBat- briefing is to brief, brief, and brief. Use obstacles. talion, Fort Rilqy, KS CPT O'BI-ienluas FM 101-5and the five-paragrap11field The Engineer School isdoing its part traice a com/~[m,vcommander at the order as guides. Establish an SOP=-itli to improve task tbrce engineer training. NTC. He graduated from EOBC, the t.ask force commander on what lie A field circular on the duties of the EOAC,arid has n bachelor's degree from wants in a briefing. Always include a hrigade task force engineer is sche- the Urziuersi@ofN~uadn-Rena

by 1LT Charles A. Radke

t IS 0100 hours, and moonrise is still Although you are thejuniorofficer at the subdued castle you wear on your I'two hours away. You've been driving the TOC, the knowledge you have as a shirt collar does not guarantee that you tlil.ough blackness fhrover an hour with task force engineer is vital to the suc- can meet his expectations no lights and few Lerrain features to cess of the operation. The task force In most cases, you will have the larg- guide on. Soon you'll be at the task force commander expects you to be the expert est platoon in the task force. Often the TOC (tactical operations center), and on all engineer aspects ofthe operation. assets you control will outnumber the the time to switch from engineer pla- He also expects you to prepare the personnel in one ofthe maneuver com~ toon leader to TOC staff officer will he obstacle plan and to write theengineer pany teams. You will have control over at hand. annex to theoperations orde~Even so, your platoon and the additional heavy COUNTERMOBILITY Obstacle Number Class IV. V, Personnel Description Location Who Secures and Priority By Time, Equipment Required - I - SURVIVABILITY t Location/Battle Type Position To Priority Equipment Devoted rime Required Special Notes Position Emplace I

and armored equipment attached to use all the assets available to produce ment does. List the missions in order of your platoon. Additionally, the task the optimum effect,carefulplanningof priority and make sure all the task force will place any corps level engi- the operation becomes the first step to force leaders understand how the assets neers under your control. With all these success. The plan will deal with the use are being used. people and their equipment at your dis- ofmen, machines, and mat,erial as well The objective of a written order is to posal, the engineer contribution to the as allocation of the time available for ensure that the commander's intent is operation can he awesome. each of these assets. understood by everyone in the chain of Still, these assets must fit into the Use of manpower will ust~allyinclude command. The objective ofthe matrix is concept which the task force com- your platoon memhers, available man- to convey this intent, hut to do it in an mander has outlined. In the early powel.from the task force, and any addi- easily understood manner. Attempts to stages of the planning phase, the task tional engineer soldiers allocated to the communicate the information included force engineer outlines his suggestions task force from higher levels. Planning in the matrix would take many written to support the operation. Upon appro^ to get them to the right place at the pages and make it very difficult to pick val, these suggestions become the plan; right time is easier ifthe matrix is used. out a specific event or coordination and it's the task force engineer's task to It shows their priorities in conjunction point. Usually the need for brevity put the plan into writing. with all other assets which affect their causes a degradation of the written As in all orders, the need for brevity is mission. plan. balanced by the need for the engineer to Class IV will be used by all units The matrix used at the National convey his intent. In an offensive opera- within the task force and transported Training Center fits the bill for plan- tion, the five-paragraph field order will by a variety of haul assets. When the ning of all engineer assets and respon~ often suffice. However, when this format engineer makes the plan for the distri- sibilities, according to observerslcon- is used in a defensive operation, the hution of the Class IV, he adheres to trollers. The matrix has withstood the written explanation of subunit mis- priorities for obstacle emplacement. test ofactual use andcan make the task sions becomes long and hard to inter- Usingaseparatecolumnonthe matrix of the engineer planner many times pret. This is due primarily to the greatly reduced the need for lengthy easie~ intense engineer effort required in a coordination with other staffsections. defensive operation With the men and material taken One solution to this problem is to care of, machines, the most productive ILT Chnf-lesA. Raclkr is the e.rrculii,e adopt a matrix to substitute for some of asset, need close attention.These pieces oficer ofthe ri22nd Er~gitzeerCo,rr,pany. the written portions of the order This of heavy equipment must be put to Fort Knos, KY He uus aplatoon leader method makes the order easier to read work as soon as possible. As in all other in the 194th Armored Brigade Fort and usually takes less space than a defensive planning steps, the use of Knox, [and swoed as the task /i,rce lengthy mission statement. It also heavy equipment needstobe organized. engineer for the 4154th Irrfarztv a1 the allows the engineer to include addi~ Usually the dozers go to one battle posi- hrTC ILT Radke /ins n degree in mothe- tional information in the order without tion to dig in tanks while the backhoe rnnlics and cornpuler scie~zaefrom the reducingits clarity. goes to another to dig in dismounted State Uriiuersih of'Neu York at Albanv Those engineer operations most often infantry. The trick is to keep the assets and ions comnzis.sioned ns an engineer addressed in a task force operations together as much as possible, hut con- officer through ROTC He has Oren order include three different areas of stantly productive. Again, use the sclected lo attend th~Armor Officm-s possible engineer effort: mobility, coun- matrix to outline what the heavy equip- Adua17ced Course termohility, and survivability. The task force engineer will most likely concen- Task Force EngineerEombined Arms Integration Package trate his defensive efforts on counter- mobility and survivability and leave A copy ofthenewly revised TnskForeeEngineer/CombinedA~mshtegrotionPackoge most of the mobility tasks to the is being sent to all engineer units. The package focuses on task force engineers. The DirectorateofEvaluationandStandardizationplanstoupdatethepackageevery quarter supporting engineer forces. by publishing lessons learned (or when new lessons are identified). Concentrated on countermobility and For additional copies, write: Commandant, U.S.Army Engineer School, AWN:ATZA- survivability operations, the engineer ESE,Stop 271, Fort Belvoir. VA 22060-5271.Platoon leaders scheduled for rotations at NTC as task force engineers may call CPT Craig Tavani at (703) 664-3668.AV 354 for assets can become the biggest combat additional information. multiplier on the battlefield. In order to positions of these ftatures pertain Lo our questions concerning point obstacles.

Capacity of Lines of Communications The dimensions of the bridges, passageways, and stairs were conven- ient for movement of the friendly troops or equipment. Artillery passages were 10 to 15 feet wide, with maximum inclines of 116.Infantry passages were 4 to 6 feet wide. These choices seem ohious. Less obvious is the simple fact that infantry passages, either stairs or nar- row ramps, could not pass artillery. Look again at Figure 1. The forward edge of the fortress (the covered way) was manned by infantry. The only access to this outer edge passed through narrow stairways. This meant that if enemy infantry successfully stormed part ofthe outer fortress edge, and then one of the detached forts, the enemy would still not be able to move his own artillery across the ditch to the secured fort.. There were no artillery passages breaking through the continuous outer edge oftheouterfortressditch. ,Modern t30int Obstacles A modern analogy to the infantry on the covered way is a unit being used as a screening or covering force. Assume the unit's largest vehicle is Class 30. Leav- ing a four-lane Class 60 bridge intact to retrieve a delaying unit would be equi- valent, iu our fortress example to hav~ ing ramps 16fect wide leading fkom the e applied the basic principles of As stated in our last article, the 18th covered way to the detached forts. The wthe 18thcenturysystemoffortifi- century European fortress was Class 60bridge is too big for its purpose cation to the design of modern obstacles designed as a series of linear obstacles and is an invitation to high-speed ene- in two previous articles (ENGINEER, in depth (Figure 1).An attacker had to my approach. A hridge more suited to Spring and Summer).In this final arti- cross several ditches, bordered on each the purpose, if available, should be cle, we will discuss the dimensioning side by high masonry walls, before chosen for the unit withdrtiwl; and the and layout of the inner fortress com- reaching the inner fortress positions. Class 60 bridge should be destroyed. munications (gates, bridges, stairs) of The ditches were laid out in a jagged the same 18thcentury defensive system pattern, allowing cannons on the inner Redundant Safeguards and apply them to today's principles fortress wall and the platforms of the Critical fortress communications governingpoint obstacles. detached outworks to fire along the were designed with many redundant Specifically,the design of the fortress length of each ditch segment. Crossing safeguards. The critical passageways pro~idesinsight into answering the the ditches was therefore a difficult (tunnels)throughthe main rampart are following questions. operation for an attacker. called posterns. The design of a postern, Given bridges of varying classifica- For the defender, inner fortress move- given in D. H.Mahan's 19th century tions (i.e.Class 30, Class60)passing ment was much simpler. Ho\v was the text, An Elernc~lta~Course in Permo- over a stream, which bridges should fortress designed to allow easy move^ nent Forlification, is described below. be demolished first and which left ment of friendly men and materiel "The most important postern is the open to handle inner battlefield between the various fortress com- one leading fmm the parode (plain in- movement of friendly forces? ponents without making the attacker's side the main pprirneter) to the main What types of fail-safingtechniques job easier? The defenders supplied, ditch. T/zisgenerallyrcceives n width of can we employ in designingcritical. resupplied. and counterattacked using 12 feet. . . . Forgreaterseclrri~fromsur; command-executedpoint obstacles? gateways and passageways through the prise. its outlet is ofleast 6PeL oboue the How does siting of a point obstacle main inner wall, bridges over the bottom of the ditch, this di.fkren.ce of affect itseffectiveness? ditches, and stairs.The dimensions and ler!elbeingouercome hy mronsofn tem- poroq ramp . . . Be.3ide.s two slrong rary flooring, and retrieve the tactical placed in the recessed part ofthe perim. iluors nt the tun s,ids ofthrposter,~,there bridging Another extreme option is to eter. This allo\zrs overlapping friendly is rr pnrlifion of fmuson~uhout ,,~irltoo,v den~olislithe bridge before the last fires to rake the front of the opening. hclu,ee,l the two ends, which is piercc~d friendly unit crosses, pre-position 4. There is no opening on the sides of it/^ a (!~~ru.ay~f /he son18 size or the enough tactical rafting to handle the the detached forts allowing communi- d~,uru.oysof thr crzds. and CLOSC~ 6.y a remaining non-amphibious vehicles, cation hetwecn laterally adjacent forts. strorrg door which, as rurll as the porti- and let the remaining amphibious Openings only appear in the rear of the /io,i ~oizll,is loopholrdti>l.mosketr). vehicles swim across the stream. forts. This prevents a captured fort from In cases ~ol~erethe postern li~rnzsthe compromising the comn~unicationsor Siting Point Obstacles muin enlmnce to the work, an n,clzeri security of adjacent forts. The positions of the inner fortress chamber i.plnc<~riat O~ZFside of il. nt the All these principles apply to point passageways provide insight into how uullrl. u:hicI~serves ns ngl~aniruunz for obstacles today. We use the first prin- thc careful siting of a point obstacle n fcw rr1c.n. lo secure the oiilirt fm,n sup ciple when we site obstacles so they can enhances its effectiveness. Look at Fig- prise The icnli br11~;eer~this chotnh~r be covered by friendly fire. We use the arid tlzc poskr,, is looyirolerl, ,so /hot fire u'e Note the following are second when, in the defense, we clearly employed in siting the main gate and cnn hc bmughl to hear. on thc dooru.a.y of assign load communications security to the bridges leading from the gate. thc~poslern... ." specific units. We do not draw our unit 1. Forward passages are alurays covered Note thc successive layering of fea~ boundaries along roads (and along the hy rearward friendly fires. tures designed to seal the passageway. road's bridges). We ensure clear assign- 2. Passages are protected from enemy Removing the ramp makes storm in go^. ment of coverage of major avenues of fires because the areas forward of t,he ramming the entrance from the ditch approach. passages are blocked by the series of difficult. The entrance, exit. and mid- The third principle gives useful ad- detached, triangular-sha~edforts point are sealed by doors, each covered vice, Assume you have six bridgescross. (outworksl Ig musket fire. These expensive precau~ ing a stream in your sector (Figure 2). 3.Opcnings in the main perimeter are tions acrainst- surmise attack were You decide that three. includinecontin- take11 because the fortress is like a tur~ tlr. Once you pass through the hard outer shell, the insides are soft. The area within the main perimeter mas unprotected once an mcmg gained access. The main perimeter had 110 defenses against an attack from the rear Thc modern equivalents of' the pos- tern leading from the parade to the main ditch are the critical road commu- nications through a defense. The entrances and exits are our point obstacles. Bridgescrossing major rivers and mountainside road crater sites are cmmples oftheso point obstacles. These critical obstacles require an entire series of precautions to ensure completenrssof their execution. Ohsta- cle demolition must-like the fortress postern-provide layered safeguards. Typical pl.ecautions include installing dual firing systems, electric and non- electric, forrachset ofdemolitions. The Coytress tunnel hints at some additional precautions. We can providc a steep drop at the enemy end of' a bridgeby cratering theend ofthe abut- ment and installing easily removed ramps. We can demolish floor slabs at intervals along a bridge and install easily removed temporary floors. In \_Gateway protecting estl.enlelv inloortant cases., we can !I/// ,f demolish the bridge span ilearest the friendly bank and replace the span with tactical bridging. Then, if all the delno~ litioiis on the bridge fail. recan remove Smr linearobstac,eSin the enemy end ramp, remove the tempo- fd

Friendly Fires

Fipure2. Sector of six bridges crossinga stream. circled. At these sites, fires from the valuable, but too often forgotten source has a baclielor'.~degree from the US. friendly bank overlap acl.oss the area ofwisdom. READ IT. Milila~yAcademy and a master's degree leading to the far abutment. fioniStanfbrd Uniuersity. The fourth principle is also familiar. MAJ Steven H. Myer is an assistant MAJ Jefferson J Iruin is all assistm~t We routinely assign supplementary professor of mathematics at the US. profhssor of geography and computer positions in our defenses to handle Militnq Academy and served as a pla- science at the US. Milita~Acarlemn>He attack from unexpected or secondary toon ler~derin the 127th Infantry Bat- served as aplatoon leader and company avenues of approach. This principle talion, 25th Infantry Diuision in commander in the 94th Engirieev Bat- advises that communications along the Haioaii. He laas a company commander talion in Germany MAJ Iruin has a supplemental avenues (which are ~01ththe 1/504th Infantry and iuas tile bachelor's degreefiom the US. Militaq required for friendly lateral movement assistant G3 OPS in the 82nd ABN Academy and a master'i, degree fronz early in a battle) must be prepared for Diuision at Fort Bragg, NC. MAJ Myer Stanford Uniuersity. command~executeddemolition. hppar- ently harmless bridges pointed at a flank may not be harmless if the adja~ cent position is lost. Engineer Problem We have proposed little that is new. The 18th century fortress is a visual reminder of many important principles Your squad is tasked to control traffic at a bridge crossing in the pertinent to planning inner battlefield division rear. The bridge is a single-lane timber trestle with a wheeled road communications. vehicle classification of 27. Twovehicles approach your bridge. One is Size communications to the need. a standard combination 10-tontractor. pulling a 25-ton lowboy with a Fail-safe critical command-executed D7E on top. Its load classification wa(s previously determined by a obstacles with many redundant corps level ERP as 33. The other vehicle is a combat loaded 2'12-ton precautions. cargo truck pulling a loaded bolster trailer. The load classification of Where choices between communica- this vehicle has not been determined. Will your bridge support these tions routes exist, cut off the routes vehicles, and if so, what type of crossing should they make? which are difficult to cover by fire or (You collect the following data to support your calculations.) cannot be protected from enemy fire. Prepare to cut off lateralcommunica- WT (2 %TI= 5.530 lb AT= Average tire contact area (trailer)= 30 in2 tions in case an emergency arises. WT(load) = 2 tons pT = Tire pressure (trailer)= 55psi Meet your needs, hut deny the enemy his. NT = Number tires (trailer)= 4 These three artlcles apply the baslc REFERENCES FM 5-34; FM 5-36; FM 5-1282/3/4 principles of 18th century fortifications ' to the modern battlefield and, by exam- . ProblemiSolution submitted by 1LT Michael Mazzuki. Directorate of delnonstrate the lessons that his j Evaluation and Standardization. tory can provide us. History examined Do you have any challenging Engineer Problems? We are looking with our minds attuned to today's chal~ for original Engineer Problems and Solutions that can be solved lenges can provide insights into basic by using appropriate engineer references. Your problems should principles, simplified models to order be checked for technical and doctrinal accuracy, and should and structure today's more complex problems, and even lessons that can be strengthen combat engineer skills. ENGINEER Magazine directly applied to the battlefield. ATTN: ATZA-TD-P, Stop 291D Whether strategy,tactics, leadership, or Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-529 1 any aspect ofour profession, history is a The approach ofusing a modified LOGPAC procedure has cfnahled the 8th Engineer Battalion lo overcome logistical support difficulties in the field. FM 5-1.00, Engineer Combat Operations, states that logistical support for the forward elements of an enginect- hat- talion is provideri in varying dctgret-s by the supported maneuver units, d~ipendingupon the command and support releiionships specified in the taslrs orgitniza- tion and coordinating instructions. An engineer battalion should attempt to enforce doc- trinal support. responsibilities of the sllpporred units and should us(? existing logistic channels from t,hc division support artea (I9SA) anti the brigade support area (BSA) before operating an in-house 1,OCPAC by CPT Paul A. Petzrick Jr. operation.

nearly 1984,the 8th Engineer Bat- bulk of the LOGPAC is normally logis- evacuation of personnel returning to Italion (CBT) was confronted by two tics, it may be helpful for the LOGPAC the rear also takesplace. As soon as all major problems affecting the way it con- commander to come from the S~4 units are serviced, the LOGPAC re- ducted field support operations. Com- section. turns to the battalion trains. panies routinely spent significant The LOGPAC uses a flexihle cycle of The preparation phase consists of amounts of time returning tn the rear to preparation, planning, and execution to thl-ee distinct elements. Maintenance of obtain support; and staff visits to com- support sustained operations. The exe- vehicles and identification of potential panies were conducted in a haphazard, cution phase of the cycle occurs at night maintenance losses occurs as early as disorganized manner Often key person- and is followed by the preparation possible so that sufficient time is nel were absent from the battalion phase. Individual staff sections plan available to arrange for necessary trains when needed to coordinate u~ith continuously. Their effortsculminate in augmentation. It is also essential that higher headquarters. a daily staffplanning meeting. personnel routinely involved in the Further compounding these proh- The planning meeting is held before LOGPAC, such as drivers, get adequate lems, the recent organizational changes the uploading of supplies for that rest. In addition, staff sections conduct of the Army of Excellence made it night's LOGPAC. The S-1,S-4, mainte~ routine business with support agencies necessary for the battalion head- nance, medical, and communications during this phase. Vehicles and person- quarters to substantially increase its officers or their representatives should nel required for these actions may im- role in providing supply and service attend. The meeting is intended to pact on sustaining the LOGPAC as support to organic companies. determine exact transportation re- previously mentioned. '1; nssisr 111 reiolv~n,otl~~~i~prrl.lims.qulrenicnr-, pass in!,rm:~tion. -I lt.c~ The L.OGI'.\("s kc.\ ,~dvdnt.~ge;31.c thr harl.~Iiun3IK~.. Logistics and Administrative Package problems. If the availability of vehicles are pushed forward, allowing com- (LOGPAC) procedures used by maneu- is limited, augmentation from other panies to maintain their focus on verunits. sources, such as DISCOM or bridge engineeringmissions without the hur- The LOGPAC is a supply and service company trucks with pallets, may be den of supply and support issues. Con- packagefiom the battalion trains that necessaly. Tactical issues, such as the solidation ofsuppliesallows for a more meets elements from the cumpany situation, route selection, and rendez- efficient use of trains personnel and trains at designated rendezvous points. vous points, are determined and opera- vehicles and enhances security for It has a flexible organization that can tional plans developed. vehicles going forward. The LOGPAC he tailored to meet various situations. Upon departure, the LOGPAC moves enables the battalion to provide maxi- During a recent exercise, the LOGPAC directly to a designated linkup point mum support to the companies and sus~ ranged- in size from a .jeep . with trailer to and sets up. The transfer of su~~lies.. to tain it with minimal effort. a column consisting of two 5,000-gallon the companies should he timed to fuel trucks, two 5-ton trucks with flat. ensure that departure from the battal~ CFT Paul A. Petzrick Jr: is the Crl Plans Officer jbr V Corps, Franhfilrt, bed and refrigerator trailers, a Z1h-ton ion trains area is after dusk. As com- Germany He was the Organizational truck, and a 514-ton truck. panies arrive, they are met by guides Supervision is essential for efficient and escorted through the LOGPAC site. Effectiveness Staff Office?; 130th LOGPAC operations. A responsible Accountable supplies and paperwork, Engineer Brigade, Hanaia Germarz.~, and the S-4,Rth Engineer Battalion, 1st NCO or officer must accompany every mail, and other items requiring special Cavalry Diuisiun. Fort Hood, TX. Com- LOGPAC. Besides serving as the com~ handling are verified by the LOGPAC missioned from the US Military mander of the LOGPAC, he serves as a commander before each company de- Academy, he hasserved in infantry and liaison between the battalion trains parts the area. A representative from and companies. He is one of the few per- each staff section accompanies the engineer troop assignments in the (IS. nnd Grrm,any sons to conduct actual face-to-face coor- LOGPAC to conduct customer service. dination with the companies. Since the Delivery of replacement personnel and

ENGINEERiFall 1985 The Exam

Priirrinp :I shaped ch;,r.gr.. 2El' ,l;jy P. Still and 2LT Michael I,. Ropcr- preparebto detonate explosives to create a hasty road crater. Demolitions is one of the many challenging tasks for EOBC students during an FTX at Fort A.I? Hill. VA (photo ijy ILTL. J. Leto).

lie final FTX for EOBC students enough planning was done; and an Temphasizes coordinated staffplan- important exercisc became disorga- ningand independent actionsof a task nized. The company commandel. was force engineer. unable to adequately advise, check, and inspect his platoons-his prii~lary The New FTX mission. The high point ofEOBC is not~adu~ In late 1984, the final FTX was re^ ation, hut the filial FTXwhich nctsas a written and standardized so that the final "field examination and evaluates problems of planning, coordination, and the lieutenants' technical and tactical control at the company level were elim~ skills gained through previous class- inated. The new FTX is designed to be room instl.uction. Doctrine, theory, and more realistic and incorporates five class notes are now put into practice phases: lead-in scenario, D-Day brief- where it counts-the field. ing, initial actions, main exercise, and In the past, each EOBC training con^^ recovery (Figure 11. pany had planned, coordinated, and Using a European scenario of defend^ controlled its own FTX. Not only was hold.counterattack, the EOBC students there dduplication ofeffort, hut often not build up to theFTX; and then theycon- duct it. The FTX itself is five days long, statingon a Thursday and ending on a Monday. The FTX is conducted at Fort A.P Hill, VA. The lead-in scenario hegins 15days before the lTX on D-Day -10; the D-Day briefing is the day Lead-In Scenario before moving to Fort A.F! Hill; and recovery is on Day 5. Lead-In Scenario The lead-m scenarlo a ,%.$I realistic background to the FTX and : i.' follows a builduo to open hostilities between the United States and the Soviet Union. Each day (-10 through -11, information is provided to the EOBC students to set the stage for the increasing tensions. On D~Day,the United States is invaded. Figure 1. Five!-phase FTX D-Day Briefing platoon leader assumes the role oftask does cause some minor continuity prob- Not knowing that the invasion has force engineer and reports directly to lems; however, missions are designed occurred, the EOBC officers start the the 5-3or commander through the TF for the 12~hourtime frame. Also, mis- day at 0600 with PT Shortly after they TOC. The engineer colnpany com- sion completion is not the aim of the begin their physical exercises, an mander (EOBC training company com- FTX-excercising. good leadership EOBC trainer arrives and moves the mander) advises his student officers, skills with technical proficiency in a ~latoonsinto the auditorium where but does not assist them. He acts as an stressful environment is the main goal. they are given the D-Day briefing. The ARTEP evaluator throughout the FTX. EOBC officers are informed of the inva- Evaluation Essentially the EOBC office is "on his Evaluation and critique are constant. sion and told that they have been mohi- own." The EOBC training company com~ lized as Company A, 52nd Engineer The lieutenant is responsible for mander (FTX engineer conlpany com- Battalion, to support an armor-heavy everything his platoon does (or does not mander) and the EOBC trainers accom- task force (TF)organized under a J- do) when he or she is the platoon leader. pany their lieutenants throughout the series TOE. The briefing is conducted The platoon must accomplish all mis- with EOBC cadre representing the fol- entire FTX and provide periodic cri~ sions assigned as well as plan for all tiques to keep all platoon members lowingcomn~andand staff positions: logistics support snch as requesting informed ofwhat isbeing done correctly TF S-l Class IV barrier materials or feeding and what needs to be improved. TF S-2 tactically in the field. Engineer equip- Each EOBC trainer uses ARTEP task TF S-3 ment is available to the task force evaluation checklists torecord the pla- TF S-4 engineer from an entire company of the toon's progress; EOBC trainers rotate Brigade Engineer 11th Engineer Battalion (CBT) (HVY) Engineer Company Commander among the platoons to ensure anobjec~ which supports every EOBC FTX. tive analysis is heing conducted. Mis~ TF Commander The EQBC students are restricted to Twice daily, operationslstaff meetings sion accomplishment is only a small part of the waluation-organization, Fort Belvoir and told to report the next at the TF TOC keep the commander, his coordination, proper use of troop. morning (Day 1)with their baggage 5-3, the engineer company commander, ready to go to war and the platoon leaders informed. Each leading procedures, delegation oftasks, platoon leader is required to brief the attention to detail, safety, and leader- Initial Actions activities of his platoon at this time. ship are the major elements being On Day 1, the lieutenants are issued Prepared overlays, operational situa- emphasized and appraised. their weapons and NBC protective tion reports (OPSITREPs), and periodic The TF TOC maintains a status masks and clothing and transported to intelligence reports (PERINTREPs) are board of all missions assigned and com- Fort A.P. Hill where they pick up pre. used to make each briefing more realis- pleted by the platoons (Figure 2).Mis- positioned equipment and vehicles. tic. The operationsistaff meetings give sion accomplishment, the ARTEP They are briefed by their training com. the lientenants an idea of how such checklists, and cadre input all con- pany commander and given their first meetings are conducted. Additionally, tribute to the platoon's evaluation. missions. From this point, until FTX lieutenants from each platoon work in Competition between the platoons is completion, subsequent missions and the TOC to gain an appreciation for keen. How well each platoon progresses other messages are sent to the platoons task force staff procedures. through the FTX determines the "win- by radio or briefed at the Task Force The chain of command in each pla- ner." As incentive, the best platoon may Tactical Operations Center (TF TOC). toon changes every 12 hours, and both he able to terminate the exercise early Main Exercise the new and old command chains or receive other benefits, such asheing Each platoon is controlled as if it were attend the meetings in the TOC. This excused from PT for a week upon return directly attached to the task force. Each "constant" chain of command change to Fort Belvoilr Day First Platoon Second Platoon Third Platoon Future (All Move to Fort A.P. Hill: Issue Vehicles and Equipment) Future plans for the EOBC final FTX include alerting the training company 1 MhT6 Dry Span Reconnaissance Construct Log Crib and moving to a holding area, tactical Reconnaissanc- I l,rget Folders Construct Road Crater road marching to Fort A.P Hill, an Target Folders tiley Bridge Bridge Demo assault river crossing ofthe Rappahan- Construct Log 476 Dry Span Reconnaissance nock River, and an air assault on an 2 Construct Roab t~duc8 ndsty Minefield Target Folders objective. As part ofthealert procedure, Decontamination Decontamination Hasty Minefield a modified EDRE (Emergency Deploy- Bailey Bridge Assault River Cross Decontaminat!on ment Readiness Exercise) is also being Bridge Demo Construct Log Crib Destroy Log Crib planned. 3 Oemove Minefield Construct Road Crater Fill Road Crater The final FTX is challenging, com- ssault Rtver Cross Br idge Demo ley Slte Laya~ut petitive, realistic, and above all an ;ault Rtver CIross excellent training opportunity for new Blocking Positions - _t engineer platoon leaders to demon^ lestroy Log Cr -:stroy Log Cr ib M476 Dry Span strate their technical skills and leader- 4 ill Road Crate II Road Crate r Rernove M~nefie ship potential. The FTX is demanding 'oad lmproven move Minefil?Id Cotistruct New and, at times, stressful-it was onstruct Hell, mstruct Culvmert specifically designed to he conducted - (All Move To Fort Belvc under these conditions. The EOBC training detachment's mission is to 5 Recovery covery train young officersto he confident in themselves and to be professionally Figure 2. FTX master schedule. competent as combat engineer platoon R-:>*..F>,.,,iq leaders. The final FTX is a major "-. "-\..-,. , --m. catalyst in accomplishingthismission. CpTDr~aneA. Dyer is nn instructor in - Engineer. Solution the Tactics and Operations Diuiswn, Depart~nent of Combined Arms, 1. 2%-ton w/trailer USAES He mas on EOBC platoon TI classification of whs:el vehic les is 85 percent of the gross trainer and has serued with the Albu- vf ght (in to1ns). A 2%-ton trum ck pulling a bolster tl.ailer is - -*--..-.. 8 :--. -:-- -- .L- querque District, Corps of Engineers, ~~r~s~uureua starloaru ~~UIIIUIII~LIUII---. .:--su~cethe weigh,. uvl une ..n,railer is and thelOthEngineerBattalion, Third distributed to the axlesof the truck. The temporary classification of the Infantry Diuision. An EOAC graduate, combination is 85 percent of the sum of their weights. The weight of CPT Dyer has been a combat engineer the truck istakenfrom itsdata plate, and the weight of thecombat load platoon leade,: a bridge company com- ..vasestimated. The weight of thetrailerand its load are unknown, but it mander and ezecutiue officer; an assis- may be estimated using the tire pressure and contact area. With the tant 8-3, and a brigade enginee,: He data provided and the estimation formula found in FM 5-34, it follows grad~atedfrom the Uni.uer.sit?/ofMaine that: at Orono with a degree in forest manage- (A )(p IfN ) nzent and was. commissioned through WT (bolster trailer & load) = the Maine Arm-v National Guard OCS. 2.000 MAJ Dauid R. Bowen commands the = (30)155)(4)= 3.3 tons EOBC Training Detachment at Fort 2,000 Beluoir: He has led aplaloon and com- Therefore, the load classification of the combination is manded a mechanized in.fi~nttycom- C = .85 (2.77T + 2T + 3.3T) = 6.86 or 7 tons pon:y and a squadron of the Royal s Auslrnlian Suruey Corps. MAJ Bowen The 2%-ton with bolster trailer can make a normal crossing 1100 feet I has been a staff officer at battalion, 9 between vehicles, maximum speed of 25 mph). ! b~igade,diuision, and DoD leuel. He 2. 10-ton combination completed his graduate studies at The 10-ton combination exceeds the bridge classification fora normal I Arizona Stale University and way an i assistant profisso,. the CISMilitary crossing. Caution crossing of a nonstandard fixed bridge is 1.25 times 1 the normal classification. In this case, 27 x 1.25 = 33.75, safeside Academy. MAJ Bowen is agraduate of ,, : round to 33. Therefore, with the approval of the tactical commander. I the Infantry and Engineer Officer ;. the 10-ton combination can make a caution crossing (50 meters i ...... Ad,,nnrrd mr,r~nrtho mmmnnrl nnri (r'onorol Stnff roll~~~nnd tho Armrrl between vs aximum speed of 8 mph. no stopping, accel- I -...... -.-.. ,, -.... 0- - - Forces StaffCollege. erating, or r ars while crossing). NOTE: Thethird typeof crossing. riskcrossing, would not apply inthis

, situation since the timber trestle bridge is not a standard military i bridge. : The main body arrived on site and began to lay the first of over 39,000 panels (4 feet x 4 feet)required to com- Broken Heart plete the project. As panel crews worked, the earth-moving equipment from C Company and the other line companies, as well as the 802nd Engineer Battalion, prepared the lay- ing surface. The "matlayers" of C Com- pany, with support from the battalion's 30th Korean Service Corps Company and a Republic of Korea engineer pla- hnstily deployed romhat engineers Ieff their wives and sweethearts behind toon, placed over 2,250,000 pounds of in the U.S."Broken Henrt" u~nstheir code name during the lnrhon metal and completed the laying opera- tion in only 12days. landina led bv GEN Doualas MacArthur. Although the M-I9matting provides temporary landing facilities and requires frequent repairs, Broken by l,TC Wiliiarn D. Brown and Heart International Airfield held up well during over 410 sorties of C-130s. I LT Blake Middleton One minor repair was completed in under three hours without affecting roken Heart Interiiational-an Develop a bivouac site. landing operations. The entire expe- unusual name for an engineer mis- An advance party, comprised mainly B rience provided training for the bat- sion con~pletedby C Company, 44th of the earth-moving platoon, was talion and ensured the smooth deploy- Engineer Battalion (CBT)(HVY) in dispatched to Yoju a week ahead of the ment of forces into and out of Korea. support of Team Spirit '85, a major main body to do preparatory earthwork The bivouac site provided heated GP training exercise held annually in the for the mattingoperation. The airfield medium tents with M-19 flooring, show- Republic of Korea. The name was given site, a peanut field 10 months of the ers, Korean and English movies at to the airfield by the 44th "Broken year, is comprised of sandy soil which night, flag-raising ceremonies at work Heart" Engineer Battalion. proved to be a training challenge for call, plus reliable and secure com~ Located 60 miles sout,h of Seoul, the SFC Stephen Walls, the project NCOIC. munications with battalion. medium-lift forward area airfield was The layout of the airfield, selected by The dismantled airstrip is now his- constructed using M-19 matting, a sys- the Air Force, necessitated extensive tory, but the skills and the leadership tem of interlocking aluminum panels. earth~movingoperations along the experiences have enhanced the combat The airfield featured a 3,500-foot run- entire length of the runway-even- readiness of the "Broken Heart" Bat- way, a parallel 3,500~foottaxiway, and tually totalingover 6,000cubic yards of talion and once again demonstrated its associated parking and urarmup cut and fill. role in the defense of the Republic of aprons. A similar airfield constructed to This effort was complicated by the Korea. suooort.. Team Snirit '84 resulted in unseasonablv mild weather which using the M-I9 airfield as a major port caused an alternate thawinglfreezing LTC William D. Brown commands the of entry and exit for troops participa~ cycle, resulting in poor drainage due to 44th Engineer Battaliort ICBT)(HVY), ting in Team Spirit '85. large ice lenses throughout the soil. The Camp Merceq Korea. He was a staffofi- C Company, commanded by CPT ice lenses mere a perplexing problem as cer in the Program Analysis and Ed- John Bailie, was tasked to build the air- they drew moisture from surrounding uation Directorat< Ofice ChiefofStafi field; and 2LT Kun M. Yi was given the soil and caused large soft spots where Army; Executive to the Chidof Engi- primary responsibility for the construc- compaction was impossible. Efforts to neers, OCE: and executiue oficer ofthe tion. Planning began several months remove these ice lenses were hampered 20th Engineer Battalion ICBT), Fvrt hefore actual construction. A conlplete by the weather which alternately Campbell, KY LTC Brown completed support structure had to be developed brought rain then snow, warm tempera- the Project Manager Coursp, the Defense for the operation to accommodate con- tures then numbingcold. S.v.stems Management College CGSC, struction and to sustain the company arldEOAC. He hasgraduale degrees in Coordination was required to: A solution was found in TM 5-330, nuclear engineering fiorr~MIT arid in Arrange movement of over 2,000 tons Planning and Design of Roads, Air- operations research from George Wash- of matting by rail and contract truck bases, and Helborts in. the Theater of ington University haul to the worksite. Operations. Bulldozer teams used rip. ILT Blake Middleton is assigned to Set up shower, laundry, and water pers to cut grooves parallel to the run- the staffofthe US Military Academy a! supply operations. way surface. Ice lenses then began to West &171l. He was aplatoon leader and Provide FM and AM communications form in these uncompacted areas which constructioiz officer in C Company, 44th with the home station at Camp drew the water from under the com- Engineer Battalion ICBTIIHVYI, Camp Mercelr pacted runway surface. Though not a Mercer Korea ILT Middleton has a ' Plan for rations and refsigeration "school solution," the procedure effec- bachelor's degree fmm Montana State support. tively solved the problem. Uniuersi!y bv MAJ Phr/~pBenhan~and MAJ Char/e\ Kee~hnw

Field Marshal Erich von Manstein These coercive measures will un- derided Hitler's inability to realize that doubtedly be inadequate, however, on any long-range offensive operation the AirLand battlefield of tomorrow. called for a steady buildupoftroops over The accelerated pace of operations, and above those committed in the origi- lethality, and decentralized nature of nal assault. Hitler's inability to under- hroughout history, distinguished the AirLand battlefield will require stand that any long-range offensive m~litary.. leaders have proved effec~ T more sophisticated and diverse operation called for a steady buildup of tive at imposing their will. The impor- methods for imposing one's will. The troops over and above those committed tance of this quality of leadership, initially resulted in heavy losscs to the especially in the face of adversity and defiant "Nuts!" of Anthony C. German army. As Hitler himself later its attendant risks, is emphasized by McAuliffe to the German request for surrender at Bast,ognewill continue to ackno~vledged,it also contributed to his Clausewitz. He contended that the suc- loss of control over his generals. cess of a leader's effort is the product of serve as the legacy of confidence and Poor assessments of tactical situa- two inseparable factors-the total courage of the commander imposing his xvill, but the conditions for the suc- tions detract from one's tactical com- means at his disposal andthestrength petence. They also indicate an insen- of his will. A leader with ample means cessful imposition ofone's will extend to the careful consideration of the follo\\r- sitivity to the needs of one's troops. Fre- at his disposal who lacks the resolve to ing factors: quently this condition results in orders act and to compel others to follow,as did Know your situation. given and not executed properly. In George B. McClellan in opposing Know your subordinates. some instances, orders are regarded as Robert F,. Lee, will, as Clausewitz impossible; and the consequence is predicted, fail. And failure on the bat- Know you-self. often disobedience, a clea~.manifesta- tlefield is catastrophic. Know Your Situation tion of failure in imposing one's will. History is replete with exan~plesof Commenting on the dearth of good leaders coercin~their soldiers into hat- generals, Marshal Saxe observed wryly Know Your Subordinates tle. John Keegan in Face of Bnflle that not knowing what they (good Cohesiveness and competence per- describes instances of French leaders generals)do, they (theless adept ones) haps are the two most important quali- under Napoleon pushing against the do what they know. The commander ties units need to perform well under backs of soldiers using their halberds who is to impose his will successfully adversity. Cohesiveness and compe- horizontally in both hands to keep men has to be aware of what he must know tence provide the confidence that subor- in place. On the Western Front in World about his situation. Too narrow and dinates and leaders need to confront War I, battalions appointed squads of limited a view of the requirements for adversity and its attendant risks with "battle police" to prevent stragglers success can prove disastrous. expectationsof succeeding. from seeking refuge in the trenches Writing of the German army's failure As Henry Boetlinger indicated in his duringan attack. on the Eastern Front in World War 11, article, "IS Munngetnent Really nn Art?' veterans play a key role in building con Know Yourself and psychological needs of his men. So fidence in military units. Veterans, In The Po~erof Personali(v in Wa,; effective was Lee that, as Freeman using the wisdom that typically accrues MG Baron von Freytag-Lovinghoven again describes it, one soldier re- from experience, serve as role models remarked that the most capable ~ifiicers marked. ". .. the rest of us may have for less experienced troops. They Re- develop their own powers of under- developed from monkeys: but I tell you quently establish the behavioral norms standing through constant, critical none less than God could have made for the unit. and they reinforce the examinations of the past and present. such a man as 'Marse Robert: " valuc of performance st,andards to mis They ma," well start with historical pro- The essence of effective military aion accomplishment. files of great leaders. They must then be leadership is the ability to impose your What's key for the leader here is the extended. however, to an introspective will. That ability is derived from an value ofexpe1,ience. Knowing the capa- analysis of one's personal attributes accurate understanding of your situa- bilities of your troops is essential. and the degree to which they are com- tion, your subordinates, and yourself. Where deficiencies exist, leaders suc patible with the values of the profession By combining tactical and technical cessful at imposing their will "build and therequirementsofcommand. competence with genuine consideration veterans" to create the bond of trust The list of attrihutes describing the for others in building the confidence necessary to confront the adversities of consummate military leadel. is justi- and cohesiveness characteristic of high^ combat. The validity of this point has fiably long. Thus, any reflection on one's performing veterans, leaders can im- been confirmed hy manp NGNorinan own capability to lead is necessarily a pose their will successfullydespite the S. Cota, who commanded the 28th complicated and time-consuming task. conditions ofadversity posed by future Infantry Division in Wol.ld War 11, The examples of history suggest two battle. sumnied up his thoughtson the subject attl.ibutes in particulal. which seem MAJ Philip Berzho,,l is an nssislunf this way: iniportant-competence and considera- profivsor of management rrt Ruckn~ll tion. The first needs little emphasis "Men have ci right to go inlo hrrttle as U,ricersiivondan indiuidualMobilizo- here; thesecond, ho\vever, may require m~rnbersofn trnirr~d(,nil flanked (w lion Aug,nentee iUSARl inlrrrctor uilh friends oi~dasnocintr?~and if'possihlc: some elaboration. the Conr nland nnd Leadership Bmrrrh. lcd b? 1~nder.sr<,hohauc trained u.il/~ hrillance Robert E' Lee's Drpar(,nent of Combined Arms, leade~ljhipis well documented. Perhaps lhi.,,i and whom th?t, haw come to LrSAES His nctii:e duty exprriericr his most distinguishing characteristic trust." included srrr.ioe in Vielnarn ond eon- The regrettable incidents of troop which served him so effectively on the pony command nil11 the 5th Enginc~r battlefield was his consideration for rebellion during the latter stages ofthe Riitlalior~ICRTI. MAJ Brnham hos o others. To his officers. as Douglas Vietnam War stet11 in part from the few bacheloride,rfi.om thpUS Southail Freeman described him, " . . . opportiulities leaders had to "build Arnrl~rnyand master's and doctoral veterans" hefore confronting the adver- he was sensitive to their hardships and dcgrces in business ad,ninistrniion fro,!> unfailing in his consideration for sities of combat. The conflict between lhe unir~ersibofColorada the survival ethic and the duty ethic them." MAJ Charles Ker,shnu: u~schipf'of pt.ecIuded the confidence that some For the men in the ranks, Lee's con- the CornnrandaridLeudc!mhipB171r1(.lz, i~nitsneeded to perform. Few small unit tinoing concern for their welfare was Depavtmr~il of Corn biried Arms. leaders knew their men before they extraordinary. On many occasions he LISAES MAJ Kershnru is assigned to were required to rely on them. personally administered to the physical the, 193rd Infant? Brigade in Par~alnn. Engineer Construction Equipment Repairer by CW3 Melad Smith Jr.

I A skill level 2 soldiers toreplace the resi- dent course at the end ofFY 86. Trainee4 perform before-operation services on a 621B scraper; one of the 111>tve*1pivc6.s ofvquiprne~~tin 111eA1~m.v'~q.vs1c.m. '1'11~r~~iningtorsol,li<.rs 62B30 in the fi2BlO MOS h;~shren rxtenrled tron~0t.wliw. \reek* r,, nine ~wrks Analysis of the 62B MOS, supported (photo by Ray Croshy). by surveys, also indicated a critical need for a BTC for the first line supervisor 9 ' ,',~. ...".. i L / . -. ,,.Lt..: - . , . " .I The Course Administrative Data (CAD) was approved by TRADOC for a six^ complete analysis of the 62B MOS 62R10 week course to be implemented in Octo- ~dent~fiedthe need for several The training requirement for 62B10 A. ber 1986 at Fort Leonard Wood, MO. A changes for the construction equipment soldiers was extended from over five learning analysis is beingprepared for repairer. weeks to nine weeks. The neb!, course the highly technical course. Restructuring the 62B MOS in skill will use a "lock-step' instruction mode The BEwill concentrate on main^ levels 1 through4. and ill include shop operations, tenance management and operations Selecting a different training mode engines, scheduled services, power and will provide the skill level 3 soldiers and extending the AITcourse. trains, hydraulics, maneuver of equip- with the skills they need to become Discontinuing the 62B20 Primary ment, and welding. This course is maintenance supervisors. The curricu~ Technical Course IPTCI taught at scheduled tobegin hy October 1985. lum includes advanced troubleshooting Fort Leonard Wood and converting it 62B20 ofengineer equipment systems, equip- to nonresident instruction. This FTC was expanded from four to ment inspection procedures, and main- Designing a newr Basic Technical six weeks. The currici~lumis highly tenance operations and management Coul-se (BTC)for 62B30,beginning in technical and includes repair of diesel asit appliestoengineer units. FY 87. engines, power trains, mechanical The course will also developan NCO's Analyzing the need for resident systems, and special purpose engineer skills and knowledge for training his training for skill level 4 soldiers. equipment. This course applies to both soldiers in engineer equipment repain b\.ising Soldier Training Publics active duty and reserve colnponent sol. Finally, it will align 62B soldiersmore tions (STPs)and extension training diers. An Army Correspondence Course with othei.career management propea- material. Progvam (ACCP)is being prepared for sions within the 63 CMF Restructure A Memorandum of Understanding E8 63250 Mechanical Maintenance Supervisor (MOUI to restructure the 63 CMF to include the 62B MOS was signed by MG Richard S. Kem, Engineer School Special Purpose Equipment Commandant, and MG William E. E7 62840rn 52x40 Repair Supervisor Potts, Ordnance School Commandant, I I 4 in February 1985. This MOU allows E6 62830 52C30 52D30 52F30 62B soldiers to progress from skill I I I I E5 62820 52C20 52D20 52F20 levels 1 through 4. The 52C, 52D, and I I I I 52F MOSS will no longer feed into the E4 62810 52C10 52D10 52F10 62B MOS at skill level 4, but will feed into thenew 52XMOS(Figureli. Construction Utilities Power Turbine Restructuring the 62B MOS will go Equipment Equipment Generation Eilgine into effect in March 1986. This will Repairer Repairer Equipment Generator increase unit readiness by ensuring the Repairer Repairer senior maintenance NCOs are techni- cally proficient as construction equip- Figure 1. MOS restructure diagram. ment maintenance supervisors. - Artie Wright, 62BIO instructor, explains adjustments on a CAT engine to two ofhis students atFort Leonard Wood, MO (photo by Ray Crosby). 62B40 TheEngineer School is analyzingthe 62B40 tasks to determine the need for resident technical training at skill level 4. Once the analysis is complete, a board will convene to determine the extent of technical training needed. Meanwhile, skill level 4 soldiers may attend ANCOC at Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland. Soldier Training Publications Several new l'raining Extension Course (TEC)lessons are being devel- oped for 62B10 soldiers at the rate of one per quarter. These will include hydraulics, cooling systems, and elec- Septemhel. 1963. (:11.;? Mciad Smitlz h:is chief of the trical systems Implementing thc ncm 62B AIT 62B Trairii~lgandDeuelopmentTeanr af A job hook was also developed for the course, developing the nonresident Fort Leonard Wood. He preuiously 62B. A new 62B soldier's manual for course materials, restructuring the 62B serced as the 3rd fnrronrd detnehmer~t skill level 1 and a soldier's manual1 MOS, and developing the STPs will help commander of the 15th Maintennnce trainer's guide for skill levels 2 through to streamline and improve training in Company. 19th Maintenance Battalio~ 4 were published in draft form, and the MOS. 3rd Support Command. CW3 Smith 1,ecomrnended changes were received Anyone interested in additional infor- has a bachelor's degree in political from the field. The soldier's manuals mation on twining anddevelopment for scienceihirzto~from. Austin Peay Stafr are undergoing o final edit by the the 628 should wrlte or call: Training U~tiuersityand a master's degree in Publications Division at the Engineer Developnlent Field Office, USAES, hun~an resource deoclopment~puhlic School. All such publications, to include Building465, Fort Leonard Wood, MO, ndnainistrntion fom Websler Uniuersity job books, are scheduled to be fielded in 65473.5895 (AV 581-1174),

Writer's Guideliines LENGTH: Let your .subject dictate length; generallvI, articles should be two to six pages, double spaced. PHOTOGRAPHS AND ARTWORK: Besides photograpns-3 ana0 artwol.k which supplement articles, photographers and artists should submi t any work that may be of interest to engineers. Your photos shoulrI be 5x7 blackand white,glossy. (Wecan alsousegoodquality .,,.,mln. slides.) Please include a caption and photo credit. Drawings should be legible, but do not have to be camera ready. DEPARTMENTS: We are always looking for items ftir our departments: LeHerr to the Edlitor. 'I I Engineer lngenuity. :..A. D..nl. Eng,,,nw, ,cuy,v. News and Notes. Personal Viewpoint. ENGINEER PROBLEM: Please submit your challenging, but not too hard Engineer Problems. Problems should be referenced lo a manual, but must be original. They should be checked foir accuracy and sllould strengthen combat engineer skills as well. rn,JVER LETTER: When submitting material to ENGINEER, Do you have any articles, photographs, or artwork to submit to enclose a cover letter with your name, address, and phone number. ENGINEER? Here ansome Itips. Also, please include biographical information such as military and TOPIC: We focus on combat enaineering; however, any articles civilian education and past and present assignments. of interest to enqineers are welcome. wnre your anlcles..,. 88 .tn acrtve.... If you have any quisstions, pleat:e call US. voic !give your 01,title a title, too. (703:) 664-30812, AV 354 - Axterna Air ~rbs~ort~robdures For Erection

ending the publication of FM remaining slack in the sling legs and capacity sling set may also he used to P55450.1. A,-my Helicopt~rExtr~rnol place the apex on the engine corn part^ rig this load by placing link #3 in the Load Oper.o/io,?s, the following pro- ment hatches. Rigging this load should grah hook for sling legs 1 and 2, and cedures should he followed for rigging take two soldiers approximately 10 link 135 in thegrab hoi1kforslinglegs3 and externally transportingthe hridge minutes. and4. erection boat, shallow draft. You are finally ready for hook-up.The Materials needed for this operation First, safcly tie the beach legs, sccur- hook-up man should stand on thc are ils follows: ing the pins on the diving platfornl. engine compartment hatch near the 2~inchwide adhesive tape. Then secure the hydrojet compartment cente~ Type IInylon cord. hatches with the nylon cord and the Note that these instructions are 15-foot tiedown strap with load engine con~pa~.tmenthatches with a applicable for the CH47C at speeds not binder and D~ring tiedown strap, load binder, and D-ring exceeding80 knots. When hooked to the lA-inchcottonwebbing. (Figure 1). aircraft in flight, the load's long axis Small clevis assembly. (Shackle pro^ reat, safet), tie the mast retaining should he approximately 75" to the vided with boat may be used in lieu of in, secure the mau locker, secure all direction of fliaht. The 25.000-pound clevis assemblv.) lights on the mast xith tape, tape all windows and lights on the cab, ensure the cab is secured to the floor ofthe for^ ward compartment (Figurc 2), and attach the small clevis assemblies to the liftingeyes. These preparation steps sliould take t\z,o soldiers 20 minutes. You are now ready for rigging. First, place the apex fitting centered on thc enginc compartment hatches. Route the out.ei. sling legs to the front lifting eyes (bowl and the inner sling legs to the rear liftingeyes(stern). Next, loop the chain end ofeach sling leg through the clevis at its correspond- ing lifting eye and insert link #46 of each chain in its own grab hook. Now loop each chain end of the other sling legs thvough the clevis assemblies at its corresponding lifting eye and insert chain link 83 in its own grab hook. Secure the free-running end of the chain with tape and pull up the apex fit- ting Then tracc all sling legs to the cab with one turn and tape. Take up all Figure I. Secured h,vdrqic.tand cngine cornpartn~rnt1l;ltchrs. " i :..I ',.-,A : 4.~: ...., ? "*:~ .,.,?. . ,T' Figure2. (Top) Cab secured to floor of forward compartment. (Bottom) Hotline Q & A Side w'ew of bn.dge erection boat readyfor air transport. ! Q. I have a letter from Fort Leonard Wood, MO, which authorized the useof calculatorsduring last year's 12Band 12840SQTs. Iwould like information on the use of calculators during the SOT. j A. The letter of approval referred to the 1983 SOT, not the 1984 or 1985 i SOTs. USAES does not allow calculators to be used unless they are ' necessary toperform the task, but the school is negotiating with USATSC 1 to allow their use on future engineer SOTs. i Q. In FC 5-102. Mine Warfare, dated January 1985, brigade I commanders have the authority for hasty protective minefield emplacement. ARTEP 5-1 15, Engineer Combat Battalion, Heavy, also dated January 1985, says that battalion commanders have the 12 i authority for hasty protective minefield emplacement. Which is i correct? 1 I A. FC 5-102 is the correct reference. The brigade commander is the j authority for hasty protective minefield emplacement. But, the authority i may be delegated down to battalion or company level on a mission basis. i Q. Is the school evaluating the issue of reinstating chaplains in the 1 heavy division engineer battalions? ! A. Due to personnel constraints, USAES cannot reinstate chaplains inthe 1 heavydivision engineer battalions. However. the issue is being evaluated. 1 Q. What is the minimum area required on the far shore to conduct I I bridging operations forrafting and mobile assault bridges? ! A. There is no minimum area requirement on the far shore for rafting or 1 bridging. Far shorearea requirements are normallygovernedbythesizeof the crossing force, the natureof the terrain. and thetactical objectives for 1 the assault force. A bridgehead iineand release points will be established 1 accordingly. Q. When is the new ARTEP 5-500. Engineer Cellular Teams, scheduled I for publication? I A. The new ARTEF' 5-500 is scheduled for February 1987. Q. How can we identify good crossing sites for training analysis overlays?

I A. Good characteristics of river crossing sites tnzlude road networks into ! the near shore area and away from the far shore area, good bank condit~onswith a slope of less than 10 percent, and m~nimalriver obstacles such as sandbars and submerged, dead trees. In addition, the water current should be under 10 feet per second; and, if possible, there should be cover and concealment for engineer regulating points and I engineer equipment parks. bj: L TC John W. Braden Jr.

In the Winter 1980-81 ENGINEER magazine article. YES NO Molding an Effecfiue Tactical Operation Center. I presented some considerations to improve command and control of engineer units in the field. The feedback ! Is a staff journal set up tu control incoming andoutgoing messagesand torecord operational events? from that article has been very encouraging. Now. I (One way to set up a journal is to staple manila folders would like to supplement that article with a checklist together into a three~pieeelogbouk with two-prong that may further assist yourorganization in thisimpor- fasteners at the top of each section Mark the left section tant area. "INCOMING" and the right scction "OUTGOING." ('ct.tainly then. will I,&% \arialions Hmong enginper Fasten I)A Form 1594 into the center sectinn.) unit* as 10 ~OU.each orgi&niz~..il~l'ommand I'c>st t('P1 or Tactical Operations center (TOC). For purposes of this article, however, I willuse a style that assumes the following is part of a Standing Operating Procedure may heottachedorplaced underyouroperational control (SOP) and that the checklist is directive in nature. >.~. YES .--,iii?:.Is there some means to Organization NO ns: location, type, unit assigned, unit As a minimum, are the following refer^ supported, progress? (Note that these hoards should look FMs3-10.3-10~1.3-12.3-22.3-50.3-87,s-15, much like your mission status reports required by SOP.) 5-20. 5~25.330. 5-31. 6-34, 5.35, 5-46. 5-100. 5-101. 5-lii2. 5-103. 5-104, 20-32, 21-41. 30-5. 90-2, 90.3, 90-4, 90-5, 90-6. : . Is there a binder prepared which 90-10.90-10-1.90-13.90-14,100-2.1, 100.2-2. 100-2.3, 100E. contains all required report formats so that when, for 100-5-1, 101-10-1, 101~10.2,and TMs 5210, 5~277,5.312, example, an NBC-I report is submitted, the journal clerk 5-330. 5-725 (Circle any that are missing. Note that the can turn to the NBC-I section and copy the incoming list is not all inclusive.) -- messagedirectly ontoapreprinted formratherontoscrap Do YOU have the ful- paper, the wall. or his hand'? , hattenas, range cards, irc:ii..; ,;!,.:i i7,.spi;ila;ii:.;t;r.r, these ~pnrernicrophones,fuei and watorcnns, trash bags, light defined by SOP and are shifts specified? bulbs,ovcrlay paper.acctata, greasepencils.alcuho1-base pena, tape of varzous types. map tacks. unit symbols, ':>:,::ii?.i.,,>.Do you have the following items? Soap, manifold paper. rags, stapler end staples. paper clips. paper plates, plastic ware, paper towels, cups, toilet envelopes, correction fluid. string. stencils and dupli- paper, sugar and creamer packets, toolg, heat tablets. cating fluid, carbon paper, pens and markers, battery or insect repellent, igloo containers. gasoline lanterns with spare lantern parts, document Operations pmtectors, two-prong fustener~,hole punches, candles. (.. t*.'F.!<:<>y;>)>$,i~>>',.F,>rlrz 594), matches, tirechains,chcmlcal lights, tow rahle,minefield , 1. Isthe journal being posted withcunseeutively numbered marking signs, camouflage sticks. first aid kit. rope. events (to preclude confusion by having twu events with (Circle any that are missing. Note that the list is not all -- tho same number)? 2. Are all incoming and outgoing messages being logged Do you have the fullowinp forms? DD intothojournal-withthejournal numherun themesaage- AForms 1155,ll56,llil-R,124X.1249.1250. nnd (is "hard copy") fastened into the folder rather than , 355, 1355-1. 1594. 2496: blank taryet folders. being loose in the TOC/CP? Joint Tactical Air Beconnnissance and Surveillancp Request Forms. (Circle any thnt are missing. Note that 3. Doe* the "ACTION TAKEN" column of the DA Form the list is not all inclusive.) -- 1594 actually reflect some action taken such as "Posted

,-':::..2. on the SITMAP," "Notified 1st Platoon," "Sent forward to Brigade." "SeeMcssagea -" rather than 'Logged" I. Is the situation map (SITMAP) on hand and does it or something else that doesn't indicate any nctiun? provide sufficient coverage of the area of operations (perhaps I:50,UUU coverage of the battalion's area and 1:250,000 coverage of the Corps' areal? -- 5!.r>fl$!-, 1. Does the SITMAP have the friendly situation, enemy 2. Are therc standard overlays for use by each staff situation, and logistics information posted or available section'? -- via overlays? 3. If special maps are available of the area (road and bridge maps, trafficability maps, special products by division and corps topographic units and detnchments), are these on hand'? -- YES NO

2. Does theSITMAP have themissionsportedon it'!(Onr 4. Are there spare batteries fur chemical alarms and way to do thls is to use the system shown below.) radiometers and are there spare refill kits for chemical detectors? . TI234 (KC) 1lC 5 Is there a trained chemical detection tcam among n b TOCiCP personnel? (Recommend this team be formed from umong the SS clerks and drivers.) , = mission location 6, = mission initiated 6. Iloes the TOC/CP actively reek the latest effective += micision completed downwind message and expeditiously pass this inior. a = mission number mation on to subordinate and upp porting units? b = m~ssion(road crater) c = unit assigned (1st l'letoon. Co. CJ i.Does the TOC/CP analyze enemy NRC capabilities , and possible intentions and recommend a mission- I. Once missionsi$rereceived, are they beingchecked and oriented protective posture to the commander? ~nvlyredattheTOCiCPasopporedto being"stovepiped" ti. Arc there personnel for each shift who are trained to straight down to subordinate units? prepare NBC~3reports, plot downwind chemical hazards. 2. Is the TOC/CP working to stay on top of missions by and make radiation fallout predictions'! requiring updates and taking actionifnothing is heardor is it contentto findout how a missson wentonly afterthe troop8 leturn? 3. Are TOClCP personnel knowledgeable asto personnel the prescribed point at which further exposure is pro- and equipment esaets committed and available'! VERY hibited without higher authority'! IMPORTANT 10. Are at least 20 each "GAS,'' "RID." and "ATOM" NBC working signs on hand? 4. Are required reports tcl higher headquitrtrrs being made ;#snpuriftrd by SOI'r\nd/or by the OI'OKDY Cvnimnnd. ("or:!,-ol. and ('!,in?I,zlnil.ll i0"s. 5. If multiple requirements are received and/orif require. . .. mentr appear to exceed capabilities. is there an effort to A. Has on alternateTOC/CP been designatedand mcortain prio"tiesY does thisalternate have theredundant maps. plans. 6.1fitappears thata missioncannotbecompleted within references, and other equipment to perform the the specified time (and this should usually be determined TOCiCP mission? during mission analysis). are efforts made to ~nfluence 8.Haveliaison offieers(LN0)beenidentified andis the action (lay on more troops and/or equipment or find there apackupeof material(maps, radio. telephone, ways to increase efficiency) or does the TOClCP wait references, date sheets, administrative items) for until late and then report the bad news and request an each LNO to carry with him'! extension? Note: The LNO may also require his own trans- portation. 7. Does theTOC/CP usewarningurdersorothermrnn8 to enable subordinate or supporting units to begin troop- C. Is the TOC/CP configured for o "JUMP"cepe. leadtng procedures and thereby maximme thew time for bility, to include designated personnel and WUIP mission execution? ment'? ',- , . ..~., . . . -- I. Are chemical alarms set upwind of the TOCiCPY 1). Has a rally point or reconstitution point been -- design~tedin the event the TOClCP is overrun or 2. Is there a metal-on-metal alarm set up near the otherwise disband4 o~.separated? --

TOC/CP to enable TOClCP personnel to warn other . ~ ., . . ,,.. . . ., , ,... . pe~.sonnelin the area'? -- A. Does the TOC/CP have a complete copy of the 3. 1)" TOCiCP personnel havc their personal ehmical~ CEO1 to include operations codes. authentication biological defense equipment and the~rspare protective tables, command and staff packets, and supple- garments and mask filters? -- mental operating instructions? -- I. 1)" all stations have proper and cumpatiblr ,. ., . communirat~unssecurity (COXSEC) keying mvte~ A. Are antennas erected away from the TOC;CP rial for all nets.! and are remotes ueed to maintain distance from -- emitters? C'. I)o~sthe c~~n~munications-~leettonicsstvffuffic~ -- hhv~~ddition~lcupiestoprvvideLNOsandattaelled B.Are directional antennas being used? tor OP(>OMunits! -- -- 11. Are radii~communicslions minimized vlii useof C. Are rudlo operators using proper prowords and mcssmgrrs and couriers, wirr. arm and hand keeping transmissions brief? -- sipnitls when moving ur maneuvering, and ;xu~ I). When operating in an unsecurt. mode: tliorizrd brerlly rodes? (Kolf that use of Inter. (11 Is authentication being required? natior~alMvrsr Code is also of value in this area. i~lthoughnot taurhl to most operators1 -- (21 Are authorized operations codes being used vlce clear text or pseudocode6? -- E. Arc all TOC/CP personnel knuwledgesl~lrof . . , .,. . , . ,: procrdures to deal with mraconing. jamming, in^ .. . ~ . . tr~sion,and intrri$.rence'! -- A. Are camouflape and conrealmc~ntprocedures being followed? -- I: IS there it plat>t~~~~p~ndt~~~it~~ti~n~~fl~tillor I

U. it A Is access to the TOC/CP conlrolled? -- Are lielipads nnd vehicle parks lurnted at d,iitvnre from the 1'0C CPI -- B.Areall personnelrehearsed on actions to lake in theevent of aground or air xttackon the TOC/CP? -- LTCJohri W 8rodnnJr.is ihrdopulycommonderullhe 71lrErzgrn~er , ...... Hrzgadein Europe. He haarerurd,,~ma.qinerru,t~is in [he Un:nltedStatrs. A. Are the slgn-counlersign, access rosters, and Gern~ony,and Vietnam. and corn,rza,,drd the ZUrh En~tnruiHaitol~n~~. badges being used to identify personnel. verify Port Cornpbell, KY. clearances. and ascertain need-toknow? -- LTCRradrngroduai~d/rum~heComtnandandG~~neialStoffColle~~~ B. Are classified papers and maps inside the ondthe U.S.Army War Collegeondi~~asaninstruelorol the KS,Army TOC/CP covered when not in use and are there Engineer School. He has o bor.heloi's and o rnaslr~r'sdegree I,$ ric,rl clearly labeied containers for classified waate? engtneerzn8 from Purduc Unionrsily and iv n rc,grstrrrd pioj~rs,o,tui -- rnrrnrer in V~r8znio.Ursides Sprcwlry 21 (Engrneeii, LTC Braden C. Upon displacement of the TOC/CP, is there an holds Speczolly 54 fOpeiolzo,rs. Plans and Trar,rin#i. rifo1.t lu ensure that trash or other warte is not left which would reveal information about the unit? -- Engineer Command Update

NATIONAL GUARD .,,. .. , - ,,., IllstEnz~necrhnlC1IT1 057Lh Engtneer Ca 116th Englnarr Co. CCSE) Graft"". NU Splinpvrlle. U1' Ili!ith Lnginrrr Co. CP1'Allen L. Nyyard CPT Clerk Chrlstcnan~, Emporia. KS 1SG Thomas K. spier. 1SG Marvin Baker MAJ Eaeene lirdmrr lSG ulle I'uteim 117th Englnror Cu. IAFBI Minot. NLI Lehl. Lrr li5th Engrneer Grnup!CRTl 2l'ind Enpinr.$,rCu. CPTJohni I.. Hvck~ng 1l.T Cr;lly M<,rlsn \I#chita. KS CSM Ilttv>dC. Ciehnr Murray, U'r 15G &lax Smllh <.'l"r 1,avo \V hesler COI. Uee K Rurson ISG Jvhnny Newmun 2iist ling,nerr H" CSM IUonald Nkelren 118th Enn~neerCotAFB, ~ ~.. .,: Grand I'orkr. Nll roorie. UT ,,.,..: . .i ll37thEni(1nrerRn.lCHTi1COKPS1 UTC Grrrld I' Ournhulr CPT Mlrhnel Johnsen American Furk, UT CSM Dewey J. Garceru ISC Uunnld W~rkhrm lhdlh t;nginecr Group LTC ,Joseph Forrl Ilirmnn-k. Nl) "16th Enxlnorr Co. CSM Gnyle Wl~ntcutt CULVlrell A Rndw Faryo. NI) C'SM IUonalil T. Marx CI'T 1'Poma~L. Wilson IS(; liarla" C. Muohipr

ARMY RESERVE , .~ . , 463rd Engineer Hn. (CHr)~IIVYi :mlrr Eng~ncerRn~CWIICOKI'S) 375nd EnsinerrGr.,up 3 . . U'hcellng, WV Greonvillc. SC Iles Momes, IA 411th Englnesr Rd* I.TC Joscyh Mikcr Jr. LTC t:akrlN. Miller 111 CUT, May L. Shnrdwn 420th Engineer Hde. Mr,c,klyn, NY 13ryxn.TX CSM ~<>"~ldL. ~ h ~ ~ CSM~ Ronaldi t H.~ Owensby~ CSM W,llirm S. Gates Il. OH , . 458ih Enslnrer Hn.~CRTHCOHI'S~926th Enwneir liruup , .,., . , < ,, ,.: 'c 364111 Eligrncer Grouy MAJ John C. Blanchnrd _ iohnstuan, PA Monigomery. Al. Columhur. OH CSM Kenneth K. 1i;lrrcti LTC Kudney I) Kuddock COL Julrrn 1.'. Botti COL James C. Myers 244th Engineer Bn. ICBTI!HVYI CSM Rlchsrd Y. Phllalr CSM Jrmer H. Lamon CSM 1.ituren H. Calvin Aurora. CO MAJ Donald Y Labrot CSM Paul E. N~aselmad Szlst Engineer Bn. ,CBT)!CORPS, ACTIVE ARMY ~8thEnglnoer 8". 3rd ~npineer~n.. USAESR 864th ~nrlneer~n. ~oise.IU Yt. Polk. W YL. Belvuir. VA Ft. Lewis. WA 1.TC Glen 1. O'L)ril 1.TC WayncMurphy LTC A1 Jansen LTC Steve Young CSM Gregory P. Girlson CSM Charles D. Clim CSM Terry A. Cougill CSM Chnrlea Nobles d2O~hEnvineor Bn. tCBTItCOKPS, San Pablo. CA LTC William 8.Applegate Jr. CSM 1,ynnG. Unlwyler Individual Army headquarters provided the names of commanders and command sergeants major for Army Reserve units. The state headquarters supplied information on National Guard units. Readers are encouraged to send any additional information to ENGINEER. by CPT Micheal A.Lansing

he newly.: implemented, centralized combat service support branches, con- their OTRA officers. Failure to com- TCondit~onalVoluntary Indefinite venes to select only the best OTRA offi. prehend the impact of the CVI process (CVI) selection process raises new cers for continuing active duty. Unlike may deny a deserving young officer the challenges for commanders in their lieutenant and captain promotion opportunity to further develop on active Other than Regular Army (OTRA)offi- boards, which select officers on a fully duty. cers' professional development. Unlike qualified basis, the CVI selection board To apply for CVI consideration, offi- RA officerswho remain in a career sta- uses criteria that select only the best cers must meet certain minimum tus as long as they are competitive for qualified officers. This distinct dif~ requirements and be willing to make promotion, OTRA officers must coln- ference in selection criteria makes it some tough choices to obtain career pete for voluntary indefinite status. critical to document OTRA officers' status. CVI applications are forwarded The first step in obtaining career duty performance. through command channels once the status is getting selected by the CVI It is paramount that all commanders officer meets theserequirements: centralized selection board. This board, fully understand the CVI process, the Have served at. least two years active consisting ofa representative from each criteria for selection, and the impact of federal com~nissionedservice (AFCS) of the combat, combat support, and the initial and subsequent OERs for on the current tour Submit the CVI application before the 27th month of AFCS. This Submlt CVI Application requirement applies to both a three- year and four~yearOBV (obligated Between 24~27months AFCS List three understrength branches volunteer)officer. -Through command channels More important, the officer must 1 I state a willingness to accept a branch transfer as part of the awarding of CVI No Returned to aff~cer status. During professional develop- ment counseling, commanders should explain to their OTRA officers that rebranching junior grade officers is Appl~cat~onscreened Acknowledgement rent to offlier necessary to meet Army officer require- Asstgnment Dlvlslon maker recommendation ments at the captain and field pade levels. Of course, those officerswanting to volunteer for branch transfer to underaligned branches should be r . . encouraged to state their desires on DA Selecttan Board CVI Nonselectlon their CVI applications. pp - Votes on manner of performance ~~~~~l~~~ - Informed by letter A separate DA board is convened to - OM1 established - Separate wlthln 90 days determine required branch transfers to - Releaser list of selects and nonselects or end of initial tour meet Army needs. This board chooses a I I whichever 1s later

select~~ ~~~ L proportional number of top, middle, and 1 lower-third officersfrom the CVI selec- CVI Selection Retain Orlglnal Branch Retam tion results to enter underaligned Letter natiflcatlon ~~~~~h - Incur l-year ADS0 branches. Therefore, it is imperative Branch transfer volunteers processed [probation period) that commanders counsel their Reserve All others considered for branch transfer -Final FYI conrlderation at officers so even the top performers may 8Lrt-87th month AFCS he chosen for mandatory rebranching. Branch Transfer Subsequently. it isvital that all officers H Effect~veupon pramatlon to captan or give careful consideration before indi~ 180 days after CVI Board. wh~cheveris cating their preferences for branch earlier transfer. The choice may have long - Incur 1-year ADS0 (probatton per~od) - Flnal FVI conslderatlon at 81st 87th month term consequences. AFCS The recently released CVI results I I clearly demonstrate the board's highly Figure 1. CVI selection process. competitive nature. Only 78 percent of ~ ~ the officers were selected for retention, duty performance is reason for revoca- The CVI process is the most competi- and in some branches the selection rate tion of CVI status. If CVI status is tive process a junior OTRA officer faces. was only 59 percent. Those officers not revoked during the probationary A commander with a complete under- selected for retention will have to period, the officer will separate from standing of the process and its impact separate within 90 days of written active duty within 90 days. toward achieving career status will notification or at the endof their initial The Army demands high standards of have met the command challenge of obligated tour, whichever islater. performance from all its officers, mentor and coach. To do otherwise is a Officers must understand there are whether RA and OTRA. The CVI selec~ disservice to our aualitv. " OTRA officers. no regulatory provisions for appealsor tion process is one tool the commander CPT Micheol A. Lansing is the per- reconsideration, unless there is a has to ensure that only the best quali- sonnel management officer in the Corn- material positive change to their Offi- fied OTRA officers are permitted to ha1 Supporl Arms Division, cial Military PersonnelFileIOMPF).In serve on active duty in a career status. MILPERCEN. He hns seruerl as a addition, active duty extensions will Acts of misconduct, integrity issues, rrcruiting company commander; o not be granted pending results of a and failure to meet APRT and height military police cornpnny comrnondrr; request for reconsideration or awaiting and weight standards are obvious the battalion adjlrtnnt of the 7lfith the outcome of an OER appeal. discriminators. Military Police Battolion nt Fort Riley, Once an OTRA officer has been Commanders, however, mast ensure KS; and a platoon leader tuith the 3rd selected for CVI status, comlnanders that officers who are slow to develop, Armored Diuision CPT Lansinggmd- should know that the first year is apro- but show potential, have their duty pcr- nateddfromthe Military PoliceAdvanced bationary period. In addition to incur- formance docrln~entedto clearly indi- Course and has a bachelor's degree in ring a one-year active duty service obli- cate the officer's potential. In light of histo? from Whenton Collcge and a gation, the OTRA officer is on proba- the CVI board's competitive nature, master's degrer in vstems nzanagemerlt tion. To the commander, this means OERs designed to "get an officer's from the Unit.er~i1.y of Southern that any misconduct, failure at an attention" will likely deny him con- Cal~fornin. Army-sponsored school, or downturn in tinued active duty. Career Notes

Enlisted Preference The Enlisted PreferenceStatement (DA Form 2635) has often been called the "dream sheet." In the real world, however, career planning by soldiers Statement: and their families can often result in assi~mmentsto at least one of those locations indicated on the preference statement. The preference statement, dated August 1984, also contains vital infor- mation which can help soldiers in choosing assignments. When prepar- ing their preference statements, soldiers should seek counsel from the PAC NCO, PSNCO, MILPO NCO, commander, or command sergeant major. Soldiers shauld also ask themselves the following questions before speaking to any of these persons and before completing the DA Form 2635. Is my grade and MOS authorized at the locations I choose? When should I submit the preference statement? What type of assignment should I ask for to gain experience in my MOS? Are dependent schools available? Is there a military hospital nearby? Are there civil service employment opportunities for my spouse? What programs and locations are available tbr exceptional family members? AR 614-200, Selection of Enlisted Soldiers for Training and Assign- ment, and DA PAM 600-8, Military Personnel Management and Arlmin- istrotilie Procedures, contain detailed PI-ocednres for completing the preference statement; soldiers are advised to thoroughly acquaint themselves with these publications. The preference statement plays an important role in the personnel assignment system. When correctly submitted, it improves soldiers' opportunities for assignment to desired locations.

Engineer Ranger The Engineer Career Management Branch at MILPERCEN is seek- ing combat engineers (12B)to volunteer for ranger training This antic- Training: ipated shortage of ranger-qualified engineers is a result of the new light infantry divisions. Soldiers who wish to volunteer for ranger training should apply through command personnel channels to the Engineer Branch, MILPERCEN. The basic qualifications and application procedures are outlined in Chapter 6, AR 614-200, and in DA PAM 600-8. The only exception to these procedures is that those selected engineers will not he reassigned to ranger battalions. However, a special qualification iden- tifier (SQI)will be awarded: SQI G (Ranger)or SQI V (Ranger-Airborne). Any questions should be directed to SGM Welsh at the Engineer Branch. MILPERCEN. His telephone number is (202) 325-8326, AV 221. Initial EERs Soldiers will no longer be rated three months after they are promoted to E5, MILPERCEN officials announced. The requirement for initial Eliminated: EERs was eliminated on May 1. MILPOs are accepting initial I-eports with a "thru" date of April 1985 or ear lie^; but any reports with a "thru" date later than this are being returned as unauthorized. All other provisions of AR 623-205, Enlisted Eualuation Reporting System, are still in effect. MILPERCEN officials also said that some units may still not be aware that the Army-wide EER weighted average was eliminated on January 1, 1984. The last EER weighted average was published in December 1983, and some units may still be using it or calculating a local EER average. Officials said the EER weighted average was misleading because it was based on EER scores collected over a five-year period. It also con- tributed to inflated EER scores, which caused DA selection boards to emphasize the narrative sections in the selection process. MILPERCEN has prepared an instructional package to teach soldiers and ~.atrrsthe' I)I.OPCI. prrpari~flull of' EEKs .\ copy m:1\. IIF ~~l)t;tint.(lI)? \vr~ring:Comni:~ndc.r, MI1.PERCF.S. ;\TTN: D.APC-\ISI.:. ?dl Stu\.:,ll 51.. ~lexandria,VA 22332.0400, For more information on EERs, call MSG Hendrix at (202) 325-9610. AV 221.

Revised Promotion A revised promotion worksheet (DA Form 3355) was recently adopted into the Army personnel system for soldiers being recommended to E5 Worksheet: or E6, or already on these respective promotion lists, MILPERCEN offi- cials said. The revised form emphasizes physical fitness, self-discipline, profes- sional competence, and a commitment to self~improvementand achieve- ment. The form also allots more points for commanders' evaluations, SQT scores, military education, weapons qualification, and APRT scores. However, points are no longer awarded for time in service, time in grade, and high school completion. Promotion points are now computed annually instead of semi-annually. The next recomputations will be in February 1986 for soldiers on an E5 promotion list and in May 1986 for those on an E6 list. These recom- putations will occur during the same months every following year. However, soldiers will still be allowed to reappear before promotion boards earlier than the scheduled recomputations in order to add points for recent achievements.

New Recruitments: The 299th Engineer Company, a new ribbon assault bridge company, was activated on July 20 at Fort Belvoir. Many positions in this Army Reserve unit are still available to engineers. Anyone interested should contact 2LT Umana-Williams at (703) 664-2739 or MSG Wicker at (703)664-2525.