DOCSLIB.ORG

California Encephalitis, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal 166 Syndrome, and Bunyavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers Raphael Dolin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
California Encephalitis, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal 166 Syndrome, and Bunyavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers Raphael Dolin i. Bunyaviridae California Encephalitis, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal 166 Syndrome, and Bunyavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers Raphael Dolin SHORT VIEW SUMMARY Definition Major Causes of Human Diseases Diagnostic tests are typically performed in } Bunyavirales is a large order of RNA viruses (See Table 166.1) reference laboratories. consisting of 10 families and more than 350 } California encephalitis group: Therapy named species. They are enveloped, } La Crosse virus (LACV) } Treatment is primarily supportive because specific single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) } antiviral therapy is not available. Ribavirin has genome. Bunyavirales members can be found Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) } been studied in some bunyavirus infections, and worldwide and are able to infect invertebrates, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) } data from in vitro and in vivo models hold vertebrates, and plants. Hantaviruses } promise. Ribavirin has shown clinical benefit in Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome Epidemiology } HFRS and in CCHF. However, comprehensive (HFRS) } Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens clinical trials have not been conducted. } Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with the ability to cause severe disease, } Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome Prevention ranging from febrile illness, encephalitis, and virus (SFTSV) } No specific preventive measures are available, hepatitis to hemorrhagic fever. but experimental vaccines for some With exception of hantaviruses, bunyaviruses Diagnosis } bunyaviruses have been developed and are are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, In most cases the diagnosis is based on } undergoing study. Individual protective including ticks, mosquitoes, and phlebotomine serologic investigation of acute and early measures, such as arthropod repellents and flies. convalescent sera. Early diagnosis can be insecticide-impregnated mosquito bed nets, Hantaviruses are maintained in nature through based on reverse-transcriptase polymerase } are recommended in endemic areas. persistent infection of rodents. chain reaction assays of blood samples. Bunyaviruses are an extraordinarily diverse and numerous group of VIROLOGY viruses whose taxonomic complexity has led to a recently reorganized Structure,Structure, Replication,R and classification yb the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Antigenic Relationships (ICTV). In 2017 the ICTV reclassified the family Bunyaviridae to that Bunyavirales members are spherical, enveloped RNA viruses, 80 to 120 nm of an order, Bunyavirales, that comprises 10 families: Arenaviridae, in diameter and that display surface glycoproteins of 5 to 10 nm.3 The RNA Cruliviridae, Fimoviridae, Hantaviridae, Mypoviridae, Nairoviridae, is of negative sense or ambisense, and codes for six or fewer proteins. The Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Wupedeviridae. genome consists of two to six segments, although the majority of bunya- The families comprise 35 genera, with more than 350 named viruses viruses studied have a trisegmented genome (Fig. 166.1).3–5 The large RNA identified as ps ecies.1,2 Classification into separate families and species segment (L) encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; the medium is based on genomic, structural, biochemical, and antigenic chracteristics,3 segment (M) encodes viral glycoprotein precursors, which are cleaved by although limited data are available for a number of these viruses. The the host protease to yield mature glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, that are involved distribution of these viruses is via arthropod-vertebrate cycles or by in receptor binding and endomembrane fusion. The small genome segment chronic infection of vertebrates, which lead to epidemiologic patterns (S) encodes the nucleocapsid proteins.3–5 The molecular weights of the that are ecologically determined and can be focal or diffuse depending proteins and RNAs vary by genus. In general, the Gn or Gc proteins, or on climatic variables. Table 166.1 presents salient features of infections both, are targets for neutralizing antibodies.3 The nucleocapsid protein is caused by Bunyavirales viruses, including vectors, transmission, epide- believed to be the most important source of immunologic relationships miology, and clinical expression. Details of these infections are discussed observed within and across families and genera. In general, the fluorescent further as follows. antibody test is the most cross-reactive, with hemagglutination inhibition 2169 2170 (HI), and although the neutralization tests provide greater specificity, the Virus replication occurs in the cytoplasm, and virions mature by latter is of greatest use in distinguishing individual viruses. Enzyme-linked budding from the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles. immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) increasingly are used for diagnosis of Some bunyaviruses are exceptions, such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), s acute or resolving (immunoglobulin [Ig]M) or retrospective (IgG) infections which buds through the outer cell membrane of hepatocytes, and Sin 3 ent (see later). Nombre virus (SNV), which matures at the cytoplasmic membrane. g ic A EPIDEMIOLOGY g EcologyEcology andand DistributionDist With the exception of hantaviruses, all bunyaviruses are transmitted tiolo E by arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies). Hantaviruses are S transmitted through feces from rodent species, such as deer mice or the striped field mouse. L Gn protein California Encephalitis Viruses M Among the California encephalitis (CE) virus group, La Crosse virus Gc protein (LACV) is the most medically significant virus, causing an average of 6 Lipid envelope 79 cases per year, predominantly in children younger than 15 years. Its principal vector is Aedes triseriatus, a forest-dwelling, tree-hole–breed- L protein ing mosquito of the north-central and northeastern regions of the RNP N protein country. LACV is maintained in this mosquito via transovarial transmis- ectious Diseases and Their f sion supplemented by intraspecific venereal transmission and amplifica- In FIG. 166.1 Bunyavirus structure. The three genome segments (L, M, tion during summer by mosquitoes feeding on viremic chipmunks, I and S) are encapsidated by nucleocapsid protein to form ribonucleoprotein 7,8 complexes (RNPs), and together with the viral L protein (RNA-dependent squirrels, foxes, and woodchucks. RNA polymerase) are packaged within a host cell-derived lipid envelope Female mosquitoes infected by any of these mechanisms are capable Part II modified by insertion of the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc. (Modified from of transmitting virus via a bite. The virus survives during the winter in Elliot RM, Schmaljohn CS. Bunyaviridae. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. mosquito eggs.9 LACV and human encephalitis were first recognized Fields Virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:1245.) in the upper Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. Most cases have TABLE 166.1 Some Characteristics of Severe Diseases Caused by Bunyavirales DISEASE PATTERN GENUS AND TRANSMISSION AND ANNUAL MAJOR CLINICAL DISEASE VIRUSES VECTOR TO HUMANS INCIDENCE FEATURES California encephalitis Orthobunyavirus Aedes triseriatus Mosquito bite Summer-fall; northern Meningoencephalitis, La Crosse Transovarial transmission; United States: 60–130 seizures, cerebral Jamestown Canyon amplification by cases edema chipmunks Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus Aedes mcintoshi Mosquito bite; aerosol Endemic in rainy season Acute febrile illness with Rift Valley fever Transovarial transmission; or contact with fresh sub-Saharan Africa: occasional retinitis, horizontal transmission carcasses, domestic hundreds of cases; hemorrhagic fever, or in other arthropods animals occasional epidemics encephalitis associated with exceptional rainfall Crimean-Congo Orthonairovirus Hyalomma ticks Tick bite, contact with Spring-summer; regions of Severe hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever Crimean-Congo Amplified by hares, blood of humans or former Soviet Union, Hemorrhagic Fever domestic animals domestic animals Middle East, Africa: 50–200 cases Hemorrhagic fever Orthohantavirus Chronic infection of Aerosols from rodent Endemic and epidemic; Fever, shock, bleeding, with renal syndrome Hantaan striped field mouse, excreta season depends on local renal failure Dobrava yellow-necked mouse, conditions. Asia, Seoul rat, or bank vole Europe: 100,000 cases Puumala Hantavirus pulmonary Orthohantavirus Chronic infection of deer Aerosols from rodent Discovered in 1993; Fever, shock, pulmonary syndrome Sin Nombre mouse and other excreta dozens of cases edema Bayou rodents annually in North and Black Creek Canal South America Tropical Fever Orthobunyavirus Biting midge By biting midges Epidemic and sporadic Acute febrile illness with Oropouche Culicoides paraensis disease in tropical areas occasional hemorrhagic of Brazil, Peru, and complications Panama Sand fly fever Phlebovirus Phlebotomus perniciosus, Mosquito bite Circum-Mediterranean Fever, headache, myalgia, Toscana Phlebotomus papatasi distribution in Southern meningitis Sand fly fever Europe Severe fever with Phlebovirus Haemaphysalis longicornis, Tick bites, close Central and eastern Fever, multiorgan thrombocytopenia SFTS Ixodes nipponensis, person-to-person China, South Korea, dysfunction, bleeding syndrome (SFTS) Amblyomma contact western Japan diathesis testudinarium Heartland virus disease Phlebovirus Tick-borne Probably tick-borne Midwestern and southern Fever, headache,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Other Tick Borne Illnesses Illnesses Colorado Tick Fever Babesiosis Tularemia Ehrlichiosis
    Disclosures Common Bites and Stings • None David Hartnett, MD Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Learning Objectives Impact of bites and stings • Discuss the incidence of bites and stings in the US • 1.5 million ED visits per year • Review management of clinically relevant species • Insects • Mammals • Arachnids • Reptiles • Describe indications and methods of rabies prophylaxis 1 Hymenoptera • Bees, vespids, fire ants • Symptomatic control Insects - 50% • Localized, systemic, and anaphylactic Source: Alvesgaspar - Own work CC BY-SA 3.0, reactions • Stinger removal • Killer Bees Source: James Heilman, MD Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Africanized Killer Bees LD50 (mg/kg) Venom (µg) European Honey Bee 2.8 148 Africanized Honey Bee 2.8 156 Cape Honey Bee 3.0 187 LD50 for a 110 lb person Rule of Thumb Honey Bees – 890 Stings 6 stings/lb – survival Yellow Jackets – 3600 stings 8 stings/lb – LD50 Source: James Heilman, MD - Own work CC BY-SA 3.0, Paper wasps – 850 stings 10 stings/lb – Death Source: James Heilman, MD Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, 2 Bed bugs Mosquito borne illnesses • Behavior • Travel medicine • Chikungunya • Transmission • Dengue • Incidence • Japanese Encephalitis • Malaria • Prevention • Yellow Fever • Zika • Symptom control • Infestation treatment • Endemic to United States Source: CDC • Eastern Equine Encephalitis • St Louis Encephalitis • La Crosse Encephalitis • West Nile La Crosse Virus Encephalitis – West Nile Virus – incidence by Incidence per 100,000 state per
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Statement on Insect Repellents by EPA And
    Joint Statement on Insect Repellents from the Environmental Protection Agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention July 17, 2014 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are recommending that the public use insect repellents and take other precautions to avoid biting insects that carry serious diseases. The incidence of these diseases is on the rise. This joint statement discusses diseases that are transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes, the role of government in vector control and disease prevention, the history of repellents, how to use repellents as part of an integrated control program, and how to select and use a repellent. Introduction and Purpose CDC and EPA developed this joint statement to promote awareness of repellents and to highlight the effectiveness of repellents in preventing mosquito and tick bites. The agencies believe that promoting the use of repellents may reduce the impact of diseases and nuisance effects caused by these pests. Vector-borne diseases, such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, are among the world's leading causes of illness and death today. A wide variety of arthropods, including mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, black flies, sand flies, horse flies, stable flies, kissing bugs, lice and mites, feed on human blood. Among these, mosquitoes and ticks transmit some of the most serious vector- borne diseases both globally and within the United States. Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes and Ticks Mosquito-transmitted West Nile virus caused over 36,000 disease cases and 1,500 deaths in the United States between 1999 and 2012 (CDC, 2012). Mosquitoes also transmit other viruses that cause severe disease in the United States, including La Crosse encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis and dengue.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of Oropouche Virus from Febrile Patient, Ecuador
    RESEARCH LETTERS Testing of tissues from vacuum aspiration and from chorionic 5. Driggers RW, Ho CY, Korhonen EM, Kuivanen S, villi sampling revealed that placenta and chorion contained Jääskeläinen AJ, Smura T, et al. Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. Zika virus RNA. Isolation of Zika virus from the karyotype N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/ cell culture confirmed active viral replication in embryonic NEJMoa1601824 cells. All the tests performed suggest that the spontaneous abortion in this woman was likely associated with a symp- Address for correspondence: Azucena Bardají, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, tomatic Zika virus infection occurring early in pregnancy. Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló, 132, 5-1, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; These findings provide further evidence of the association email: [email protected] between Zika virus infection early in pregnancy and trans- placental infection, as well as embryonic damage, leading to poor pregnancy outcomes (2). Given that embryo loss had probably occurred days before maternal-related symp- toms, we hypothesize that spontaneous abortion happened early during maternal viremia. The prolonged viremia in the mother beyond the first week after symptom onset concurs with other recent reports (1,5). However, persistent viremia 3 weeks after pregnancy outcome has not been described Isolation of Oropouche Virus previously and underscores the current lack of knowledge from Febrile Patient, Ecuador regarding the persistence of Zika virus infection. Because we identified Zika virus RNA in placental tissues, our find- ings reinforce the evidence for early gestational placental Emma L. Wise, Steven T.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquitoborne Diseases of Minnesota
    Are mosquitoborne diseases treatable? There are no medications to treat viruses that are spread by mosquitoes. Instead, the symptoms are treated with supportive care. People with mild illness typically recover A Culex tarsalis on their own. Those with severe nervous mosquito as it is about to begin system illness may need to be hospitalized feeding and nerve damage and death may occur. How can I protect myself from a mosquitoborne disease? • Know that July through September is the highest risk of mosquitoborne disease in Minnesota - West Nile virus disease – dawn and dusk for Culex tarsalis mosquitoes hat is a mosquitoborne - La Crosse encephalitis – daytime What symptoms should I watch for? for Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes Most people who become infected with disease? • Use repellents a mosquitoborne disease won’t have any People can get a mosquitoborne - Use DEET-based repellents (up Wdisease when they are bitten by a mosquito symptoms at all or just a mild illness. Symptoms to 30%) on skin or clothing that is infected with a disease agent. In usually show up suddenly within 1-2 weeks of Minnesota, there are about fifty different being bitten by an infected mosquito. A small types of mosquitoes. Only a few species are percentage of people will develop serious nervous system illness such as encephalitis Look for this label capable of spreading disease to humans. For on your repellent example, Culex tarsalis is the main mosquito or meningitis (inflammation of the brain or to know how long that spreads West Nile virus to Minnesotans. surrounding tissues). Watch for symptoms like: it will work.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthobunyaviruses: from Virus Binding to Penetration Into Mammalian Host Cells
    viruses Review Orthobunyaviruses: From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells Stefan Windhaber 1 , Qilin Xin 2 and Pierre-Yves Lozach 1,2,* 1 CellNetworks—Cluster of Excellence and Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] 2 Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology (IVPC), UMR754-University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: With over 80 members worldwide, Orthobunyavirus is the largest genus in the Peribunyaviri- dae family. Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs) are arthropod-borne viruses that are structurally simple, with a trisegmented, negative-sense RNA genome and only four structural proteins. OBVs are potential agents of emerging and re-emerging diseases and overall represent a global threat to both public and veterinary health. The focus of this review is on the very first steps of OBV infection in mammalian hosts, from virus binding to penetration and release of the viral genome into the cytosol. Here, we address the most current knowledge and advances regarding OBV receptors, endocytosis, and fusion. Keywords: arbovirus; Bunyamwera; cell entry; emerging virus; endocytosis; fusion; La Crosse; Oropouche; receptor; Schmallenberg Citation: Windhaber, S.; Xin, Q.; Lozach, P.-Y. Orthobunyaviruses: 1. Introduction From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses Orthobunyavirus consists of over 80 members that are globally distributed, which is a 2021, 13, 872. https://doi.org/ genus of the family Peribunyaviridae (Bunyavirales order) along with Herbevirus, Pacuvirus, 10.3390/v13050872 and Shangavirus (Table1)[ 1].
    [Show full text]
  • Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Chimeras Expressing the Oropouche Virus Glycoproteins Elicit
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.19.432025; this version posted February 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Vesicular stomatitis virus chimeras expressing the Oropouche virus glycoproteins elicit 2 protective immune responses in mice. 3 4 Sarah Hulsey Stubbs1, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli2, Nischay Mishra3, Changhong Zhou1, Juliano 5 de Paula Souza4, Rosa Maria Mendes Viana4, W. Ian Lipkin3, David M. Knipe1, Eurico Arruda4, 6 Sean P. J. Whelan2* 7 8 9 10 1Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 11 2Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 12 Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 13 3Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New 14 York, New York, USA 15 4Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto School of 16 Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 17 18 *correspondence [email protected] 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.19.432025; this version posted February 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health
    North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health Pat McCrory Aldona Z. Wos, M.D. Governor Ambassador (Ret.) Secretary DHHS Daniel Staley Acting Division Director Date: 1 APR 2015 To: NC Medical Providers From: Dr. Megan Davies, State Epidemiologist Subject: Annual Update on Diagnosis and Surveillance for Arboviral disease (2 pages) Arboviral Diseases: Per North Carolina law, neuroinvasive arboviral diseases are reportable by health care providers to their local health department. These infections are transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and the spectrum of illness ranges from asymptomatic to fever, altered mental status, and acute signs of central or peripheral neurologic dysfunction and, rarely, death. La Crosse encephalitis (LACE) is the most commonly reported arboviral disease in North Carolina (figures 1, 2) and during 2014 LACE cases represented all of the domestically acquired arboviral disease cases. Although LAC infection has been reported across the state, historical data demonstrates that several southwestern counties report over 75% of all LACE cases. While LaCrosse virus infection was first characterized in and named after LaCrosse, Wisconsin, most cases are now reported from focal regions of the eastern US, specifically in Appalachia. [1] West Nile virus infection (WNV) and Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE) are neuro-invasive diseases also reported in North Carolina, but are much less common than LAC. Over the past five years, fewer than 10 cases total have been reported annually. Chikungunya, Dengue, and Yellow Fever are also reportable diseases. These infections are associated with travel to endemic areas and there is no transmission occurring within North Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • Chikungunya-Fight the Bite
    Safety Short A number of mosquito-borne viruses have previously been detected, or are currently being transmitted, within the U.S., including La Crosse encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and sporadic cases of Dengue virus. Recently, there has been a dramatic rise in the cases of Chikungunya (pronounced chik-en-gun- ye) fever detected in the continental U.S. Although each of these cases was acquired from mosquito bites abroad, health officials are on high alert for local outbreaks of Chikungunya virus. The chikungunya name originates from the Makondo language, meaning “bent up” or “contorted”, which describes the posture of those afflicted with the disease. Chikungunya virus was first isolated during a Tanzanian epidemic in 1952 and periodic outbreaks have been detected in African and Asian countries, since the 1960s. Between 2005-2006 Chikungunya outbreaks occurred in India (1.5 million infected) as well as the Indian Ocean islands of Réunion and Mauritius (272,000 infected). In 2007, infected travelers caused an outbreak in northeast Italy, demonstrating the potential for non-tropical epidemics in Europe and the United States. The first local transmission of Chikungunya virus in the Americas was detected in the Caribbean, Saint Martin, in December of 2013. Since then, it has spread to 14 other countries and has been declared an epidemic in the Caribbean. As such, the number of imported cases in the U.S. has significantly increased; an average of 28 cases/year 2006-2013, compared to 129 as of July 1st in 2014. To date, all reported cases in the continental U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Rift Valley Fever Sept 2016
    EXOTIC Rift Valley f ever and Australian wildlife Fact sheet Introductory statement Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease that causes high abortion rates and fatalities in livestock. Rift Valley Fever has never been reported in Australia (OIE 2015). However, Australia has several potentially competent vector, reservoir, and free-ranging and captive host species, plus the environmental conditions currently deemed as risk factors for RVF outbreaks. It is uncertain what role Australian native fauna would play should on outbreak occur in Australia, but susceptible wild animals could pose a considerable threat to RVF control, because of their potential to harbour and spread the virus (Animal Health Australia 2013). Aetiology Virus: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV); genus: Phlebovirus; family: Bunyavirida. Other notable viruses in this family include La Crosse encephalitis, California encephalitis, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Nairobi sheep disease viruses (Geering et al. 1995; Peters 1998). Grouping (non-taxonomic): Arbovirus - see separate WHA factsheet on Arboviruses for more details. Natural hosts RVF has a very wide host range, however the full host range of the virus is unknown. The susceptibility of Australian fauna to RVF is unknown, as is the potential role of native fauna in the ecology and epidemiology of virus, if it were to enter Australia (Animal Health Australia 2013). Reservoir host: Uncertain – livestock, Aedes spp.* mosquitoes (eggs) (CDC 2013). present in Australia in free-ranging/ wild situations Amplifying host: Livestock*, humans* (?) (Animal Health Australia 2013; CDC 2013). Clinically affected hosts: Humans*, sheep*, goats*, cattle*, buffalo*, camels* (Geering et al. 1995; Animal Health Australia 2013; CDC 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • City of Powell Minutes of 06.21.2016 Exhibit 1
    City of Powell Minutes of 06.21.2016 Exhibit 1 Shelia Hiddleson, RN, MS Health Commissioner 1 West Winter St. 3 West Winter St. General Office Hours: Mon. - Fri. 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (2nd floor) WIC Plumbing Office Hours: Mon. - Fri. 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Main Reception Immunization Clinics Clinic Hours Beginning: Mon. - Fri. 7:30 a.m. Vital Statistics Adult Health Clinics [email protected] Environmental Health Directory of Services Main Reception 740-368-1700 17. Hazardous Materials 740-203-2064 Clinic Reception 740-203-2040 18. Health Promotion 740-203-2029 Information Line 740-203-2015 19. HIV Testing 740-203-2040 WIC 740-203-2050 20. Immunization - Adult & Children 740-203-2040 21. Litter and Recycling 740-203-2076 1. Air Quality Information 740-203-2078 22. Matter of Balance 740-203-2054 2. Animal Bite Reporting 740-203-2066 23. Mosquito Control 740-203-2069 3. Birth and Death Certificates 740-203-2021 24. DGHD In Your Neighborhood 740-203-2040 4. Program for Children with 25. Nursing 740-203-2040 Medical Handicaps 740-203-2040 26. Nutrition Services Community & School 740-203-2025 5. Car Seats 740-203-2076 27. Personnel Office (recruiting) 740-203-2009 6. Cardiovascular Health 740-203-2040 28. Plumbing Inspector 740-203-2088 7. Communicable Diseases 740-203-2017 29. Plumbing Permits 740-203-2088 8. Community Assessment 740-203-2025 30. Rabies Information 740-203-2066 9. Community Health Education 740-203-2039 31. Rodent Control and Animal Complaints 740-203-2066 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Potential of International Trade in CITES-Listed Species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No
    Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annexes B, C and D JNCC Report No. 678 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex C: CITES-listed species and directly associated zoonotic diseases Annex D: Full trade summaries by taxonomic family UNEP-WCMC & JNCC May 2021 © JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Prepared for JNCC Published May 2021 Copyright JNCC, Peterborough 2021 Citation UNEP-WCMC and JNCC, 2021. Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES- listed species. JNCC Report No. 678, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091. Contributing authors Stafford, C., Pavitt, A., Vitale, J., Blömer, N., McLardy, C., Phillips, K., Scholz, L., Littlewood, A.H.L, Fleming, L.V. & Malsch, K. Acknowledgements We are grateful for the constructive comments and input from Jules McAlpine (JNCC), Becky Austin (JNCC), Neville Ash (UNEP-WCMC) and Doreen Robinson (UNEP). We also thank colleagues from OIE for their expert input and review in relation to the zoonotic disease dataset. Cover Photographs Adobe Stock images ISSN 0963-8091 JNCC Report No. 678: Zoonotic potential of international trade in CITES-listed species Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Annex B: Taxonomic orders and associated zoonotic diseases Table B1: Taxonomic orders1 associated with at least one zoonotic disease according to the source papers, ranked by number of associated zoonotic diseases identified.
    [Show full text]
  • ZD Surveillance Report
    WEST VIRGINIA 2017 ZOONOTIC DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REPORT Office of Epidemiology and Prevention Services Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology 350 Capitol Street, Room 125 Charleston, West Virginia 25301 Miguella Mark-Carew, PhD Jessica Shiltz, MPH Eric Dotseth, MS 2017 Mosquito-borne Disease Surveillance Summary Introduction Mosquito-borne diseases, most of which are viruses, are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Surveillance for these diseases in West Virginia focuses on four endemic arboviruses—La Crosse encephalitis virus (LAC), West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE)—and travel-associated diseases such as chikungunya, dengue fever, malaria, and Zika virus (ZIKV). Historically, LAC has been the mosquito-borne disease of most concern in West Virginia, with up to 40 human cases reported in previous years. Most people who become infected with endemic with arboviral infections have no clinical symptoms; however, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) is a potentially life-threatening complication that is often reported among infected persons who develop symptoms. Symptoms generally begin one to two weeks after a mosquito bite and include fever, headache, myalgia, meningitis, and neurologic dysfunction. There is no specific treatment available for arboviral infections. Environmental surveillance for arboviral diseases monitors local activity in non-human species. Mosquito surveillance is important to understanding the distribution of these vectors and the diseases that they may transmit to humans. Mosquito surveillance is conducted in selected counties across the state from late spring through fall. Horses can become infected with arboviruses resulting in clinical illness. Mosquitoes, dead birds and horses have all been used to help identify WNV and other arboviral disease activity in West Virginia.
    [Show full text]