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State of Delaware 2008 Combined Watershed Assessment Report (305(b)) and Determination for the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing TMDLs Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control April 1, 2008 Preface The State of Delaware 2008 Combined Watershed Assessment Report (305(b)) and Determination for the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing TMDLs provides a statewide assessment of surface water and ground water resources, highlights Delaware’s initiatives in water resources management and pollution control and provides a list of waters that need TMDLs to meet water quality standards. The document fulfills the reporting requirements set forth under Sections 305(b) and 303(d) of the Federal Clean water Act of 1977, as amended in 1981 and 1987, and is organized in accordance with federal Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) guidance documents. This document summarizes statewide water quality assessments, provides an overview of major initiatives and concerns on a statewide basis, and lists waters needing TMDLs. Tables are provided which show the result of water quality analysis and designated use support findings for data from the period of September 2002 through August 2007. There are two appendices to the report. Appendix A is the data provided by citizen monitoring programs. Appendix B contains comments and responses to the Tentative Determination for the State of Delaware 2008 Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing TMDLs. Assessments for the Delaware River and Bay are completed by the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC). For 2008, an addendum of newly available groundwater statistics and information is being prepared and will be published in the immediate future. It is anticipated that in 2010, the groundwater data will be included in the April 1 submission. State of Delaware 2008 Combined 305(b) Report and 303(d) List Table of Contents Preface............................................................................................................................................ 1 Part I: Executive Summary.......................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... 3 Part II :Background ................................................................................................................... 15 State Atlas.................................................................................................................................. 17 Summary of Classified Uses ......................................................................................................18 Part III: Surface Water Assessments and TMDL List............................................................ 21 Chapter 1 Monitoring Programs............................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2: Assessment Methodologies and Summary Data...................................................... 33 2008 Assessment, Listing and Reporting Methodologies Pursuant to Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act...................................................................................................33 General Provisions.................................................................................................................... 33 Data Quality and Quantity ........................................................................................................ 33 Coordination with Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) and Chesapeake Bay Program Assessments ............................................................................................................................... 34 Use of Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Assessment Guidance............................ 34 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS)...................................................... 35 Nutrient Enrichment Assessment............................................................................................... 37 Listing Criteria for Waters with Fish Consumption Advisories................................................ 42 Setting Priorities for Water Quality Limited Segments Still Needing TMDLs.......................... 43 Rationale Used to Designate a Lower Category for Segments Previously Designated for TMDL Development .............................................................................................................................. 44 Flow Charts for Designated Use Attainment ............................................................................ 46 Chapter 3: Rivers/Streams, Estuaries and Lakes Water Quality Assessments and List of Waters needing TMDLs ......................................................................................................................... 53 Table III-1 Station Summary Statistics...................................................................................... 57 Table III-2: Segment Use Support............................................................................................. 75 Table III-7: 2006 303(d) List..................................................................................................... 83 Chapter Four: Public Health/Aquatic Life Concerns ............................................................. 121 Part IV: Wetlands Assessment ................................................................................................ 129 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 131 Functions and Values of Wetlands .......................................................................................... 131 Wetland Condition in the Nanticoke River Watershed (Maryland and Delaware) ........... 137 Appendices................................................................................................................................. 143 State of Delaware 2008 Combined 305(b) Report and 303(d) List Part I: Executive Summary 1 State of Delaware 2008 Combined 305(b) Report and 303(d) List Executive Summary As recently as 1975, Delaware routinely experienced serious water pollution and public health problems as a result of the discharge of untreated sewage and wastes. Since then, as a result of voluntary efforts, regulatory actions, and significant private and public investments in wastewater treatment facilities, localized improvements in water quality have been achieved. The need for additional cleanup and pollution prevention continues. The focus of water quality management has shifted from point source discharges (end-of-pipe) to decreased stream flows and nonpoint source problems, such as urban and agricultural runoff, erosion, and sedimentation. Unaddressed, these problems lead to poor habitat conditions for fish and other aquatic life, decreased enjoyment of our surface waters for recreation, and unhealthy conditions for those surface waters upon which we rely for drinking water supply and other domestic uses. Water Quality Monitoring The DNREC recognizes the need to use its personnel and financial resources efficiently and effectively. To that end, surface water quality monitoring is conducted in a manner that focuses available resources on the Whole Basin Management concept. The Whole Basin Management Program in Delaware operates on a 5-year rotating basis. This new approach enables the DNREC to comprehensively monitor and assess the condition of the State environment with due consideration to all facets of the ecosystem. Elements of the State's specific Surface Monitoring Program include: TMDL-Related Monitoring General Assessment Monitoring Toxics in Biota Monitoring Toxics in Sediment Monitoring Biological Assessment Monitoring Delaware Rivers and Lakes Delaware has classified more than 2,509 miles of rivers and streams, and 2,954 acres of lakes and ponds that have been classified using a rating system called for in the Federal Clean Water Act. The classification system is keyed to a management program designed to protect uses of the waters (referred to as "designated uses") for such purposes as drinking water supply, recreation, and the propagation of fish, aquatic life and wildlife. These designated uses serve as Delaware's water quality goals for specific watersheds. In order to protect those uses, a comprehensive set of chemical, biological, and habitat standards have been promulgated. Designated uses and standards are embodied in the State of Delaware Surface Water Quality Standards as amended on July 11,2004. The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control has found that 88% of Delaware’s rivers and streams do not fully support the swimming use and 97% do not fully support the fish and wildlife use. Most of these waters do not meet the standards because of nonpoint source pollution impacts. 3 Ponds and lakes in Delaware exhibit many of the same problems as rivers and streams. However, ponds and lakes also serve as "catch basins" for a variety of pollutants that are washed from the land and the air into these water bodies. Two indicators which show the tendency for lakes and ponds to accumulate pollutants are fish consumption advisories due to toxic substances in the fish, and the extent of nutrient enrichment. Nutrient enrichment can lead to excessive weed and algae growth, reduced water clarity, and decreases in population
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