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Wisconsin Magazine of History (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society ofWlsconsin • Vol. 82, No. 4 • Summer, 1999 4.. f « 1 /% THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN GEORGE L. VOGT, Director Officers GERALD D. VLSTE, /Resident RICHARD H. HOLSCHER, Treasurer PATRICIA A. Bot;E, First Vice-President GEORGE L. VOCE, .Secretary MARY A. SATHER, Second Vice-President THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OK WISCONSIN is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Fotinded in 1846—two years before statehood—and char­ tered in 18.53, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continuous ptiblic funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and disseminating knowl­ edge of Wi.sconsin and of the trans-Allegheny West. The Society serves as the archive of the State of Wisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, mantLscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they relate to North America; it maintains a museum, library, and research facility in Madi.son as well as a statewide sys­ tem of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of his- tt)rical materials, both scholarly and popular. MEMBERSHIP in the Society is open to the public. Individual memhership (one perstm) is $30. Senior Citizen Individual memhership is $25. Family membership is $35. .Senior Citi­ zen Family membership is $30. .Supporting membership is $100. .Sustaining membership is $250. A Patron contributes $500 or more. Life membership (one person) is $1,000. MEMBERSHIP in the Friends of the SHSW is open to the public. /nrfii/irfuaZ membership (one person) is $20. Family membership is $30. THE SOCIETY is governed by a Board of C^urators which includes twenty-four elected members, the Governor or designee, three appointees of the Governor, a legislator from the majority and minority from each hou.se, and ex offirio, the President of the University of Wisconsin System, the President of the Friends of the State Historical Society, the President of the Wisconsin History Foundation, Inc., and the President of the Adminis­ trative Committee of the Wisconsin C^ouncil for Local History. A complete listing of the Curators appears inside the back cover The Society is headquartered at 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1482, at the juncture of Langdon and Park streets on the University of Wisconsin campus. The State Historical Museum is located at 30 North Carroll Street. A pardal lisung of phone numbers (Area Code 608) follows: General Administration 264-6400 In.stitutional advancement 264-6.58.5 Affiliated local societies 264-6583 Library circulation desk 264-6534 Archives reading room 264-6460 Library reference services 264-65.3.5 Contribution of manuscript materials 264-6477 Maps 264-64.58 Development 264-6580 Membership 264-6.587 Editorial offices 264-6461 Microforms reading room 264-6536 Fax 264-6404 Mu.seum tours 264-65.55 Film collections 264-6470 Newspaper reference 264-6531 Genealogical reference inquiries 264-6535 Picture collections 264-6470 Historic preservation 264-6,5(X) Public information office 264-6.586 Historic sites 264-6586 School services 264-6.579 Hours of operation 264-6.588 General web address www.shsw.wisc.edu ON THE COVER: "Manitowocfrom the North .Side, " a watercolor by G. Kirshtez in 1856. An article about Manitowoc during the Civil War era begins on page 287. Courtesy ofthe Rahr-West Museum. Volume 82, Number 4 / Summer, 1999 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY Published quarterly by the State Historical Society ofWlsconsin, The Hamerstroms: 816 State Street, Madison, Conservation Pioneers in Hard Times 255 Wisconsin 5.3706-1482. Distributed to members as part of Helen M. Cornell their dues. Individual member­ ship, $30; senior citizen individual, $25; family, $35; Making a Fire Within: senior citizen family, $30; The Writing of a Civil War supporting, $100; sustaining, Narrative from Wisconsin 287 $250; patron, $500 or more; life (one person), $1,000. Single Kerry A. Trask numbers from Volume 57 forward are $5 plus postage. Microfilmed copies available through REVIEW ESSAY University Microfilms, 300 North Wisconsin, The Sesquicentennial, and Videotape 308 Zeeb Road, Ann Aibor, Michigan 48106. (^ommunicaUons should Roberif. Gough be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsi­ bility for statements made by Boole Reviews 314 contributors. Periodicals postage Boole Review Index 319 paid at Madison, Wi.sconsin. Postmaster: Send address changes From the State Archives 320 to Wisconsin Magazine of History, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1482. Wisconsin History Checklist 328 Copyright © 1999 by the State Hisloricai Society of W'isconsin. Contributors 330 The Wisconsin Magazine of History Editor is indexed annually by the editors; PAUL H. HASS cumulative indexes are assembled decennially. In addition, articles are abstracted and indexed in Associate Editors America: History and Life, Historical MARGARET T. DWYER Abstracts, Index to Literature on the JOHN O. HOLZHUETER American Indian, and the Combined Retrospective Index to Journals in History, 1838-1974. Book Review Editor CHRISTOPHER W. WELLS Photographs identified with WHi negative numbers are from the Historical Societv's collections. Frances (Fran) Hamerstrom in a central Wisconsin landscape. Aldo Leopold, who inspired Fran and her husband Frederick in their life work and who supervised their graduate studies at the University ofWlsconsin, may have taken this snapshot. 254 The Hamerstroms: Conservation Pioneers in Hard Times By Helen M. Corneli INTRODUCTION MET Fran—pronounced Frahn—and Hammy in 1960, shortly after my Ihusband and I moved to eighty run-down acres of Wisconsin farmland a few miles south of their home in Plainfield, Waushara County. We became fast friends. Fran's memory was the seedbed for this account. After Hammy's death in 1989, she opened his files and her writings and memo­ rabilia to me. I wrote down her sometimes salty answers (she was then in her eighties) and checked her facts and chronology by interviewing friends, colleagues, and area residents. As "characters," the Hamerstroms charmed and mystified their acquaintances, and generated stories—some wildly ex­ aggerated—among the locals who knew them only slightly. It was essential that I validate what I heard and was told. A lucky find provided facts about their role in the Resettlement Admin­ istration. Seeking a magazine article in a dusty file drawer in a storeroom, I came upon two large envelopes, postmarked July 19, 1979, containing the only material Hammy had saved from those Resettlement days: four inches of onionskin carbons, undated, in random order. (The dates on the en­ velopes meant little, since the parsimonious Hamerstroms habitually reused envelopes. Probably Hammy had simply put the old "dead" files into con­ veniently empty envelopes when he made room for new files.) Following Fran's death in August, 1998, their daughter moved many pa­ pers to her home in Oregon, though others are dispersed between attic and music room in the Plainfield house. So Hamerstrom sources and his­ tory remain informal. Absent an organized archive, the footnotes to this piece are somewhat quirky, and I have freely undergirded the story with my forty years' knowledge and experience of both the area and the Hamer­ stroms during our long friendship. H.M.C. Copyright © 1999 bv the Statt- Historical Society of Wiseonsiii J.DO All rights of reprodiicliou in any form reserved. WISCONSIN MAGAZINE Or HISTORY SUMMER, ' 999 N a brilliant autumn day in 1935, loiter­ vehicle pull over The driver, a tall, immacu­ Oers on the unpaved streets ofthe shabby lately dressed young man with dark hair and Juneau County village of Necedah suddenly a pleasant smile, opened his door to quesdon came to attention.' A jaunt)' green Essex a bystander "Can you direct me to the Reset- roadster was moving slowly dcjwTi the scjirino- dement Administration office, please?" lent street, its open rumble seat piled high The loiterer scratched his head. "Never with boxes, boxes that were themselves heerd of it. What's it fer?" topped by a botanist's plant press and a clas­ "It is where people are studying the sic Windsor chair both securely tied down. muskrats, beaver, and clucks in this area." Behind it, the car pulled a small trailer, also "Oh, you mean the relief office. Go on welbloaded. Lanky men, their eyes shaded down a block or two and you'll see it—on under battered caps and fedoras, watched the the right. Used t'be a bank." Heads swiveling, they watched the driver ' The village population in 1930 was 761. The go on, park, get out, and open the door for rural farm population was 530, of whom 225 were a stunning young woman in heels and a classified as of "foreign or mixed parentage." In ad­ well-cut tweed suit. Holding her arm, he es­ dition, census takers found eighty-six Native Ameri­ corted her into the office. cans in the entire county, which was probably a low "Quite the lady!" said one emphatically. figure. Fifteenth Census ofthe United States, 1930: Popu­ lation, Volume 3, Part 2, p. 1354; Fifteenth Census ofthe Such was the entrance of the elegant United States, 1930: The Indian Population ofthe United young Frederick and Frances Hamerstrom .States and Alaska, 14-15. into a drought-plagued pocket of the Mid- ^R,^^ • ^^^^^ •islidni Piuilson Fran Hamerslrom's Essex convertible, 1932, in front of her family's Milton, Massachusetts, home, as she and Frederick set out for the Midwest and their neiv lixKS. Her father, Laurence Bertram Flint (standing), made the trailer The Hcimerstroms used this car and trailer during their Resettlement Administration work near Necedah, 1935-1937. 256 •%if)^' '^'-^Mfcll ."•^A^-^ .'i-'S^S The palatial Flint home at Milton, Massachusetts, from which Fran made her debut.
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