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Evaluate, Tropical Shrub/Tree, Sparingly Naturalized, Thicket Family: Malvaceae Taxon: Grewia micrantha Synonym: Grewia aurantiaca Weim. Common Name: golden fruit raisin Grewia gonioclinia K.Schum. Grewia hypoglauca K. Schum. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 Print Date: 10/15/2012 Grewia micrantha (Malvaceae) Page 1 of 7 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 5 Print Date: 10/15/2012 Grewia micrantha (Malvaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2001. Whitehouse, C./Cheek, M./Andrews, [Is the species highly domesticated? NA] S./Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands 101 2012. Hyde, M.A./Wursten, B.T./Ballings, P.. [Is the species highly domesticated?? No evidence] "A small, shrubby tree with Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Grewia drooping branches. Branches often with pale lenticels. Leaves ovate-oblong or micrantha [retrieved 15 Oct 2012]. elliptic, 3-9 cm long, 3 veined from the base, hairless or sparsely hairy above, http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/spec with dense white hairs below and tufts of brown hairs on the veins; base ies.php?species_id=138520 asymmetric; margin toothed. Flowers yellow, c. 2 cm in diameter, in few-flowered, axillary heads, petals shorter and deeper colour than sepals. Fruit spherical, deeply 2-lobed, or 1 lobed by abortion, each lobe c. 7 mm in diameter, pubescent, yellowish" 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2001. Whitehouse, C./Cheek, M./Andrews, [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2- High] Distribution - S./Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Tanzania, Mozambique, ?Madagascar Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands 202 2001. Whitehouse, C./Cheek, M./Andrews, [Quality of climate match data 2-High] S./Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands 203 2012. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes. Elevation range South African National Biodiversity Institute. exceeds 1000 m] "Wooded grassland (coastal); Brachystegia woodland or mixed African Plant Database - Grewia micrantha Bojer bushland with Afzelia, Sclerocarya, Strychnos, etc.; riverine thicket (inland); [Accessed 15 Oct 2012]. http://www.ville- occasionally on termite-mounds; 50 2100 m alt." ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=a n&id=121738 204 2001. Whitehouse, C./Cheek, M./Andrews, [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] S./Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Distribution - Tanzania, Mozambique, ?Madagascar Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands 204 2012. Hyde, M.A./Wursten, B.T./Ballings, P.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Grewia "Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Also possibly in micrantha [retrieved 15 Oct 2012]. Madagascar" http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/spec ies.php?species_id=138520 205 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? No evidence] Apparently not widely cultivated outside native range 301 2012. Lau, A./Frohlich, D.. New plant records [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes. Sparingly] "No prior collections of this from O‘ahu for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional species have been made in the state. it is possible this species was intentionally Papers. 113: 7-26. introduced near the collection site as an ornamental. it was seen here scattered in a dry lowland area dominated by Prosopis pallida and nonnative grasses, scattered locally with an abundance of approximately 10 or 12 plants of multiple size classes. Material examined. O‘AHU: Along road to Koko Crater trail (UTM 635687, 2353745). Dry lowland area dominated by Prosopis. Tree about 2.5 m tall. No flowers. Fruits small, fuzzy, green, drying to brown, 9 Apr 2009, OED 2009040903; Along road to Koko Crater trail (UTM 635687, 2353745) dry lowland area, near baseball diamond. Sprawling shrub about 5 m dia, 3 m tall. Flowers bright yellow with lobed stigmas. New growth reddish. Several individuals of various sizes in area, 30 Jun 2009, OED 2009063001." 301 2012. Lau, A./Frohlich, D.. Oahu Early [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Grewia micrantha was first spotted by Detaction - Early Detection finds in Koko Crater OED on a road survey in 2009, on the road leading up to the Koko Crater Botanical Garden – March 2012. Unpublshed funicular trail. This was the first time this species was collected in the state report. (naturalized or otherwise) and because of its relative obscurity, the numerous individuals of varying size found near the trail were assumed at the time to have spread from Koko Crater Botanical Garden. This suspicion was confirmed during our surveys of the garden, when we found this species distributed liberally throughout the crater. " 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Print Date: 10/15/2012 Grewia micrantha (Malvaceae) Page 3 of 7 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 1992. Fourie, M.P.. Chemical bush control with [Congeneric weed? Potentially Yes] "During trials in 1984 at Northern Cape, ethidimuron. Proceedings of the 1st International application from the air of 0-70 kg/ha ethidimuron controlled many bush and tree Weed Control Congress. 2: 166-168. species including Grewia flava, Rhigozum trichotomum, Boscia albitrunca and, in particular, Acacia mellifera and A. erioloba." [this is a native woody plant that encroaches on pastures] 305 2011. Queensland Government. Weeds of [Congeneric weed? Yes] "Grewia (Grewia asiatica) is regarded as an Australia - Grewia, Grewia asiatica [Accessed 15 environmental weed in the Northern Territory and Queensland. It is listed as a Oct 2012]. priority environmental weed in two Natural Resource Management regions. This http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/0303 species invades natural woodland communities, changing the structure and 0800-0b07-490a-8d04- processes of the systems.
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