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Sphodromantis Lineola (Burmeister, 1838)

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Sphodromantis Lineola (Burmeister, 1838) [email protected] Mantidi Lovers Italia www.mantidi.wix.com/mantidilovers Sphodromantis lineola (Burmeister, 1838) Difficoltà di allevamento: * (Facile=*, Media=**, Difficile=***) Tassonomia: Famiglia Mantidae, Sottofamiglia: Mantinae Provenienza: Africa centro-occidentale, in foreste e savane. Descrizione: Una bella mantide di medie dimensioni. Le femmine adulte raggiungono i 7,5 cm, mentre i maschi i 6,5. La forma è quella classica che siamo abituati a vedere in Mantis religiosa . Il corpo è tozzo, con un pronoto corto e largo (carattere che la distingue dalla cugina Hierodula , con cui è strettamente imparentata). La testa è grande, con occhi globosi. Le tegmine coprono l’intero addome sia nei maschi che nelle femmine, e presentano una chiazza gialla contornata di nero. Le ali membranose sono ialine. Il corpo è di un verde, che, a seconda di temperatura e umidità alle quali la mantide è cresciuta, può essere scuro o molto acceso quasi giallo (associato ad alte umidità); gli adulti, mantengono la colorazione dello stadio subadulto. I maschi sono molto più slanciati delle femmine, e presentano 8 segmenti addominali; hanno 3 ocelli molto prominenti tra gli occhi composti, utilizzati durante i voli notturni per orientarsi seguendo la luce delle stelle. Le femmine, d’altro canto, sono molto più tozze, non volano ed hanno un addome con 6 segmenti, particolarmente gonfio di uova. Un altro carattere per distinguere le Sphodromantis lineola da alcune specie di Hierodula è il colore degli occhi composti, di un bel verde nelle prime ed azzurro celeste nelle seconde. Ciclo vitale: Circa 6-7 mesi per diventare adulta, poi 3 mesi i maschi ed anche 8 le femmine. Allevamento: Una delle mantidi più facili da tenere, ed anche per questo una delle più allevate. Il cannibalismo inizia presto, cosicchè già a partire dallo stadio L2 dovrebbero vivere isolate. Per le ninfe fino ad L4 sono ottimi i bicchieri da 0,5 litri, con coperchio di TNT; come unico arredamento è indicata carta assorbente sul fondo e lungo il bordo, bloccata dal coperchio stesso. In questo modo forniremo un appiglio alle mantidi per arrampicarsi, senza però ostacolarle durante le mute con inutili rametti. Evitare sempre la formazione di ambienti malsani con feci, pezzi di prede in decomposizione o semplicemente ristagni d’acqua o aria, che letteralmente uccidono queste mantidi. Gli L5 vanno spostati in contenitori più capienti, come piccoli terrarietti in polistirolo o vetro, nonché contenitori braplast o samla; l’importante è sempre garantire un certo grado di igiene e sterilità, nonché lo spazio adatto ad effettuare le mute (un’altezza almeno 2,5 volte la lunghezza della mantide, ed una larghezza tale da far stare la mantide a zampe centro-posteriori distese). Una leggera nebulizzata sulla carta assorbente (e mai direttamente sulla mantide!) ogni tre giorni è più che sufficiente. Se le vostre mantidi rifiuteranno il cibo saranno in premuta: togliete quindi eventuali prede che potrebbero infastidirle durante questo delicato momento. Parlando proprio di prede, i neanidi fino a L3 si nutrono di Drosophyla hydei , per poi passare a Blatta lateralis appena schiuse e quindi Ilaria Porcu William Di Pietro [email protected] Mantidi Lovers Italia www.mantidi.wix.com/mantidilovers a camole della farina, grilli, lateralis, falene, mosche o altri insetti di taglia adeguata. E’ importante non fornire prede potenzialmente pericolose alle mantidi, come api, ragni, cimici, etc etc.. La frequenza/quantità dei pasti dipende dall’età: fino a L3 5 drosofile ogni 3 giorni sono ok, per poi passare a 5 prede a settimana (del tipo B.lateralis o Acheta L2/L3). Ad L5 si intuisce il sesso, cosicchè si potranno iniziare a nutrire per bene le femmine con 6-7 prede settimanali, mentre i maschi saranno tendenzialmente meno propensi a nutrirsi. Infine, per quanto riguarda le temperature, sono ottimi 25 gradi diurni e 20 notturni. Non è comunque consigliabile scendere sotto i 20. Riproduzione: Dopo l’ultima muta, è necessario attendere 20 giorni prima di tentare l’accoppiamento, tenendo i futuri partners in contenitori distanti tra loro (per evitare che il maschio si assuefaccia ai feromoni femminili). In questo periodo, consiglio caldamente di nutrire a dismisura la femmina (fino a 10-15 prede settimanali); anche il maschio dovrà mangiare abbastanza, anche se risulterà molto più inappetente. Comunque sia, per l’accoppiamento valgono le solite nozioni: dopo aver distratto la femmina con una preda, le si appoggerà il maschio sopra delicatamente. Consiglio di tentare verso sera o notte. La copula dura circa 11-12 ore. Se tutto sarà andato per il verso giusto, il giorno seguente la femmina espellerà la spermatofora, e dopo circa 15-20 giorni deporrà la prima ooteca; questa, di 3-4 cm, ha un notevole strato spugnoso, la cui produzione richiede molte energie da parte della madre. Per questo motivo sarà necessario rimpinzata per bene, in attesa di altre ooteche. Il tempo di schiusa è di circa un mese agli stessi parametri di allevamento della madre. Sto allevando la madre e incubando la sua prima ooteca (deposta il 22 ottobre 2012 ) a 20-22 gradi (temperatura casalinga invernale), e ad oggi non si è ancora schiusa, mentre la madre, anche se ben nutrita, non ha ancora rideposto; questo a riprova del fatto che temperature inferiori rallentano in modo consistente lo sviluppo ed il metabolismo delle mantidi. Curiosità: Esistono circa 36 specie di Sphodromantis , tutte distribuite in Africa e Medio Oriente. Talvolta, l’identificazione a livello di specie risulta molto ostica, se non impossibile. In cattività si possono trovare anche la S.viridis e la S.baccetti . In particolare, quest’ultima è chiamata Sphodromantis sp. “Blue flash” , con riferimento alle macchie blu elettrico situate sulla superficie ventrale del pronoto, all’altezza delle coxe anteriori. In ogni caso, restano mantidi adattissime ai principianti, di poche pretese e molto rustiche. Le consiglio vivamente come prima specie. Nonostante la forma classica, stupiscono per la loro stazza, oltre che per l’enorme variabilità cromatica legata ai parametri di allevamento. Ilaria Porcu William Di Pietro .
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