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12. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 392. 1753
Flora of China 14: 260–455. 2005. 12. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 392. 1753. 杜鹃属 du juan shu Fang Mingyuan (方明渊), Fang Ruizheng (方瑞征 Fang Rhui-cheng), He Mingyou (何明友), Hu Linzhen (胡琳贞 Hu Ling-cheng), Yang Hanbi (杨汉碧 Yang Han-pi); David F. Chamberlain Shrubs or trees, terrestrial or epiphytic, with various hairs, and/or with peltate scales or glabrous, indumentum sometimes detersile (the hairs tangled and coming away as a layer). Leaves evergreen, deciduous or semideciduous, alternate, sometimes clustered at stem apex; margin entire, very rarely crenulate, abaxial indumentum sometimes with a pellicle (a thin skinlike layer on the surface). Inflorescence a raceme or corymb, mostly terminal, sometimes lateral, few- to many-flowered, sometimes reduced to a single flower. Calyx persistent, 5–8-lobed, sometimes reduced to a rim, lobes minute and triangular to large and conspicuous. Corolla funnelform, campanulate, tubular, rotate or hypocrateriform, regular or slightly zygomorphic, 5(–8)-lobed, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5–10(–27), inserted at base of corolla, usually declinate; filaments linear to filiform, glabrous or pilose towards base; anthers without appendages, opening by terminal or oblique pores. Disk usually thick, 5–10(–14)-lobed. Ovary 5(–18)-locular, with hairs and/or scales, rarely glabrous. Style straight or declinate to deflexed, persistent; stigma capitate-discoid, crenate to lobed. Capsule cylindrical, coniform, or ovoid, sometimes curved, dehiscent from top, septicidal; valves thick or thin, straight or twisted. Seeds very numerous, minute, fusiform, always winged, or both ends with appendages or thread-like tails. About 1000 species: Asia, Europe, North America, two species in Australia; 571 species (409 endemic) in China. -
The Red List of Rhododendrons
The Red List of Rhododendrons Douglas Gibbs, David Chamberlain and George Argent BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the International, Richmond, UK world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve © 2011 Botanic Gardens Conservation International threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of ISBN: 978-1-905164-35-6 human needs. Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a partnership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees imply any expression on the part of the authors and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, or Botanic Gardens Conservation International delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rhododendron Rex Subsp
plants Article Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rhododendron rex Subsp. rex Inferred from Microsatellite Markers and Chloroplast DNA Sequences 1,2,3,4, 1, 1,2,3 1,2,3, Xue Zhang y, Yuan-Huan Liu y, Yue-Hua Wang and Shi-Kang Shen * 1 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (Y.-H.L.); [email protected] (Y.-H.W.) 2 School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 4 Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-871-65031412 These authors contribute equals to this work. y Received: 7 February 2020; Accepted: 5 March 2020; Published: 7 March 2020 Abstract: Genetic diversity is vital to the sustainable utilization and conservation of plant species. Rhododendron rex subsp. rex Lévl. is an endangered species endemic to the southwest of China. Although the natural populations of this species are facing continuous decline due to the high frequency of anthropogenic disturbance, the genetic information of R. rex subsp. rex is not yet elucidated. In the present study, 10 pairs of microsatellite markers (nSSRs) and three pairs of chloroplast DNA (cpDNAs) were used in the elucidation of the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of 11 R. -
Ecosystem Profile for the Lancang Watershed Submitted by Shanshui
Ecosystem Profile for the Lancang watershed Submitted by Shanshui Conservation Center Drafted by Lei GU, Fangyi YANG, Shan SUN, Ruijuan QI 20 March 2013 1 Content 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Biological importance of the Lancang watershed ..................................................................... 4 2.1 Ecology, Climate, Geography, Geology ........................................................................ 5 2.2 Species Diversity ......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 The Protected Area system in the Lancang Watershed................................................ 19 2.4 The Ecosystem Services of the Lancang Watershed ................................................... 24 3. Socioeconomic Context of the Lancang Watershed ................................................................ 27 3.1 Population and Urbanization ....................................................................................... 27 3.2 Society ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.3 Economy ..................................................................................................................... 30 4 An Overview of Current Threats and Their Causes ................................................................ 35 4.1 An Overview of Impacts and Threats ........................................................................ -
A Consensus Phylogenomic Approach Highlights Paleopolyploid and Rapid Radiation in the History of Ericales
RESEARCH ARTICLE A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid and rapid radiation in the history of Ericales Drew A. Larson1,4 , Joseph F. Walker2 , Oscar M. Vargas3 , and Stephen A. Smith1 Manuscript received 8 December 2019; revision accepted 12 February PREMISE: Large genomic data sets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant 2020. species relationships. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of especially when clades have experienced ancient, rapid diversification. Here, we analyzed Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA the ancient radiation of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty related to species tree 2 Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, inference, conflicting gene tree signal, and the inferred placement of gene and genome CB2 1LR, UK duplications. 3 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA METHODS: We used a hierarchical clustering approach, with tree-based homology and 4Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) orthology detection, to generate six filtered phylogenomic matrices consisting of data Citation: Larson, D. A., J. F. Walker, O. M. Vargas, and S. A. Smith. from 97 transcriptomes and genomes. Support for species relationships was inferred 2020. A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid from multiple lines of evidence including shared gene duplications, gene tree conflict, and rapid radiation -
The Rhododendron Genome and Chromosomal Organization Provide Insight Into Shared Whole-Genome Duplications Across the Heath Family (Ericaceae)
GBE The Rhododendron Genome and Chromosomal Organization Provide Insight into Shared Whole-Genome Duplications across the Heath Family (Ericaceae) Valerie L. Soza 1,*, Dale Lindsley1,†, Adam Waalkes1,5, Elizabeth Ramage1, Rupali P. Patwardhan2, Joshua N. Burton2,6, Andrew Adey2,7,AkashKumar2,8, Ruolan Qiu2,†, Jay Shendure2,3,4, and Benjamin Hall1 1Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 2Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 3Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 4Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 5Present address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 6Present address: Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 7Present address: Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 8Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA †Retired. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: November 4, 2019 Data deposition: DNA sequencing data and final genome assembly for Rhododendron williamsianum have been deposited at NCBI BioProject under the accession PRJNA432092 and at CoGe under genome ID 51679. In the genome assembly, within each linkage group, all ordered scaffolds are given in their LACHESIS order, followed by all unordered scaffolds listed in descending order of length. Unclustered scaffolds are listed after linkage group 13 in descending order of length. The scripts used for genome assembly, annotation, and comparative genomics are available in the GitHub repository (https://github.com/vsoza/rhododendron-genome/). Synteny analyses within the Comparative Genomics (CoGe) platform can be obtained from the links given. Rhododendron delavayi: https://genomevolution.org/r/14kzh (whole-genome); Rhododendron williamsia- num: https://genomevolution.org/r/12blb, https://genomevolution.org/r/17qc6 (ordered scaffolds); Vaccinum corymbosum: https://genomevolu- tion.org/r/14oui. -
Davidsonia a Journal of Botanical Garden Science Davidsonia Editor Iain E.P
Volume 20, Number 1 January 2010 Davidsonia A Journal of Botanical Garden Science Davidsonia Editor Iain E.P. Taylor UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research University of British Columbia 6804 Southwest Marine Drive Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4 Editorial Advisory Board Quentin Cronk Fred R. Ganders Daniel J. Hinkley Carolyn Jones Lyn Noble Murray Isman David Tarrant Roy L. Taylor Nancy J. Turner Kathy McClean Associate Editors Mary Berbee (Mycology/Bryology) Moya Drummond (Copy) Aleteia Greenwood (Art) Michael Hawkes (Systematics) Richard Hebda (Systematics) Douglas Justice (Systematics and Horticulture) Eric La Fountaine (Publication) Jim Pojar (Systematics) Andrew Riseman (Horticulture) Charles Sale (Finance) Janet R. Stein Taylor (Phycology) Sylvia Taylor (Copy) Roy Turkington (Ecology) Jeannette Whitton (Systematics) Davidsonia is published quarterly by the Botanical Garden of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. Annual subscription, CDN$48.00. Single numbers, $15.00. All information concerning subscriptions should be addressed to the editor. Potential contributors are invited to submit articles and/or illustrative material for review by the Editorial Board. Web site: http://www.davidsonia.org/ ISSN 0045-09739 Cover: Pendulous blooms of Rhododendron cinnabarinum var. cinnabarinum Photo: Douglas Justice Back Cover: Plate from Flora Japonica, Sectio Prima, Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini Image: Public Domain, courtesy of PlantExplorers.com Table of contents Editorial 1 Taylor Rhododendrons at UBC Botanical Garden 3 Justice Botanical history through 21 the names of paths, trails and beds in the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden: a case study Taylor and Justice Davidsonia 20:1 1 Editorial Collections Davidsonia is emerging from its second hiatus, the second in its 40 year history. -
Conservation in the City
University of Washington Botanic Gardens Conservation in the City An Assessment of the UWBG Collection at the WPA Ilana McPhee Calvert Drs. Kern Ewing, James Fridley, and Sarah Reichard, advisers 11.01.2012 [Type text] Contents Report …………………………….…………………………...…… 2 Bibliography ……………………………………………………….. 30 Appendices A. The Conservation Collection …………………….…….. i B. The Least-Concern Plants ………………..…………… x C. IUCN Criteria, version 2.3 (excerpt) .…………………. xxi D. IUCN Criteria, version 3.1 (excerpt)............................... xxv E. Inventory and Field Check Protocol …………………... xxxi F. Field Check Guidelines ……………………………….. xxxiii 1 Abstract In the face of continued habitat alteration and loss of species, ex situ conservation efforts are being reframed as more than just supporting acts to in situ projects. Botanic gardens in particular have emerged as significant resources for ex situ conservation. The University of Washington Botanic Gardens (UWBG) maintains a collection of woody plants at the Washington Park Arboretum (WPA). The UWBG’s Conservation Policy indicates that inventory and assessment of their plants of global conservation concern is to be conducted every 5 years, and yet this work has not been done since 2001. Goals of the 2012 assessment included: Identifying conservation species within the collection; noting the most recent available conservation category, criteria, and taxonomy for each species within the database; performing field checks of the individual plants to confirm health, location, and proper labeling; and a brief analysis of the updated collection. As expected, the number of species in the conservation collection has grown dramatically since 2001. This work has helped give an identity to the collection, and has clarified processes and resources to help manage the collection and make future assessments easier. -
Genome Skimming Herbarium Specimens for DNA Barcoding and Phylogenomics Chun‑Xia Zeng1†, Peter M
Zeng et al. Plant Methods (2018) 14:43 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0300-0 Plant Methods METHODOLOGY Open Access Genome skimming herbarium specimens for DNA barcoding and phylogenomics Chun‑Xia Zeng1†, Peter M. Hollingsworth2†, Jing Yang1, Zheng‑Shan He1, Zhi‑Rong Zhang1, De‑Zhu Li1* and Jun‑Bo Yang1* Abstract Background: The world’s herbaria contain millions of specimens, collected and named by thousands of researchers, over hundreds of years. However, this treasure has remained largely inaccessible to genetic studies, because of both generally limited success of DNA extraction and the challenges associated with PCR-amplifying highly degraded DNA. In today’s next-generation sequencing world, opportunities and prospects for historical DNA have changed dramati‑ cally, as most NGS methods are actually designed for taking short fragmented DNA molecules as templates. Results: As a practical test of routine recovery of rDNA and plastid genome sequences from herbarium specimens, we sequenced 25 herbarium specimens up to 80 years old from 16 diferent Angiosperm families. Paired-end reads were generated, yielding successful plastid genome assemblies for 23 species and nuclear rDNAs for 24 species, respectively. These data showed that genome skimming can be used to generate genomic information from herbar‑ ium specimens as old as 80 years and using as little as 500 pg of degraded starting DNA. Conclusions: The routine plastome sequencing from herbarium specimens is feasible and cost-efective (com‑ pare with Sanger sequencing or plastome-enrichment approaches), and can be performed with limited sample destruction. Keywords: Degraded DNA, Herbarium specimens, Genome skimming, Plastid genome, rDNA, DNA barcoding Background species (DNA barcoding) and increasing knowledge of Herbaria are collections of preserved plant specimens phylogenetic relationships. -
HEAD for the HILLS, Part 2 Plants of the Sino-Himalayan
HEAD FOR THE HILLS, Part 2 Plants of the Sino-Himalayan Winter 2017/2018 Self-Guided Tour Contributed by Sunday Guides ______________________________________________________________________________ Please follow the arrows and number signs for this tour. Winter is a good time to explore the quiet upper reaches of VanDusen BotaniCal Garden. Of the 7,900 Kinds of plants growing at VanDusen, many are found on the slopes of VanDusen’s Sino- Himalayan Garden, a broad ColleCtion of Asian plants, whiCh will be the foCus of this tour. As you explore the Garden, savour the sounds of the birds, the fragranCes of winter blooms, and the crisp textures and silhouettes of deCiduous trees and shrubs. To begin the tour, head left from the Plaza, Cross the wooden bridge, then pass the Glasshouse and turn left at the paved path. Pass the wrapped banana plants to your left and the giant Minotaur sCulpture on your right and follow the curve to your right onto the Rhododendron WalK. At the next interseCtion is a large 1- handkerchief or dove tree (Davidia involucrata). In May, tiny Clusters of flowers are each surrounded by a pair of large white bracts that wave in the breeze liKe handKerChiefs or the wings of a dove. In winter the dove tree offers a strong form, flaking barK, sharp-pointed red buds and small round fruits. Davidia is a genus of a single rare speCies in the dogwood family (Cornaceae), found in moist, subtropiCal woodlands of Central China. Père Armand David, a FrenCh naturalist and missionary in China, identified the speCies in 1869.