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The Shameful Years; Thirty Years of Soviet Espionage in the United States
tWpQopgpQQca KBgaaaaeesfift '*>.••• v .-... .,'•-•.. !>' -.: : ',••'".. i : '."'.,•..•./. '•;•"..•.. ^ >> - : .• . I __ r^ * Given By ' t ' ^ \ M ry/ Union Calendar No. 398 8 2d Congress, 2d Session House Report No. 1229 THE SHAMEFUL YEARS THIRTY YEARS OF SOVIET ESPIONAGE IN THE UNITED STATES DECEMBER 30, 1951 (Date of original release) JANUARY 8, 1952.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. Prepared and released by the COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES, U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, e/.C. UNITED STATES <* GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE nr S WASHINGTON : 1952 * \ 22?J f /f/5P. ' AfVvi^~* COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES United States House of Representatives JOHN S. WOOD, Georgia, Chairman FRANCIS E. WALTER, Pennsylvania HAROLD H. VELDE, Illinois MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York CLYDE DOYLE, California DONALD L. JACKSON, California JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jr., Tennessee CHARLES E. POTTER, Michigan Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel Lodis J. Russell, Senior Investigator . John W. Carrington, Clerk of Committee Raphael I. Nixon, Director of Research II CONTENTS Page Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Soviet espionage activities in the United States between World War I and World War II: Ludwig Martens 5 Amtorg Trading Corp 5 Nicholas Dozenberg 7 Albert Feierabend 11 Moische Stern 11 Corp. Robert Osman 12 Valentine Gregory Burtan 13 Gaik Badalovich Ovakimian 13 Mikhail Nikolaevich Gorin 19 The Far Eastern Fur Trading Co 20 Soviet espionage in the United States During World War II 22 Soviet Government Purchasing Commission 22 The Canadian spy case 24 Ignacy Witczak 25 Vassili M. Zubilin 28 Steve Nelson 29 The Nelson-Zubilin meeting : 30 • Nelson-Weinberg 31 Arthur Alexandre vich Adams 32 . -
46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (Testimony to Be
46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (testimony to be released September 11, 2008) Government is not releasing testimony of William Danziger, Max Elichter, and David Greenglass The descriptions provided below are based on available evidence. Additional details will be added after the transcripts are reviewed. 1. Ruth Alscher Ruth Alscher was Max Elitcher’s sister‐in‐law. She was married to his brother, Morris Alscher. In interviews with the FBI, Max and Helene Elitcher said that Ruth Alscher attended a party in 1944 in New York with them that was attended by three individuals who the Bureau suspected were Soviet agents: Julius Rosenberg, Joel Barr and William Perl. She also attended parties at a Greenwich Village apartment that Barr and another Soviet agent, Alfred Sarant, shared. Ruth Alscher was a friend of Bernice Levin; Levin was identified as a Soviet agent by Elizabeth Bentley. Assistant U.S. Attorney John W. Foley confidentially told the FBI in 1951 that Ruth Alscher had asserted privileges under the Fifth Amendment when called to testify to the Rosenberg grand jury. At the time of the Rosenberg/Sobell trial, Morris Alscher had died, leaving Ruth Alscher with three small children. 2. Herman Bauch [no reference] 3. Soloman H. Bauch Lawyer for Pitt Machine Products; where Julius Rosenberg worked. On June 6, 1950, Julius authorized Bauch to empower Bernie Greenglass to sign company checks, telling him that the Rosenbergs were contemplating a trip. 4. Harry Belock One of Morton Sobell’s superior at Reeves Electronics in June 1950 when Sobell fled to Mexico. 5. Dr. George Bernhardt Bernhardt testified at the Rosenbergs trial regarding plans of the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell to secure travel documents and flee the country, possibly to Russia. -
Inside Russia's Intelligence Agencies
EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN BRIEF POLICY RELATIONS ecfr.eu PUTIN’S HYDRA: INSIDE RUSSIA’S INTELLIGENCE SERVICES Mark Galeotti For his birthday in 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was treated to an exhibition of faux Greek friezes showing SUMMARY him in the guise of Hercules. In one, he was slaying the • Russia’s intelligence agencies are engaged in an “hydra of sanctions”.1 active and aggressive campaign in support of the Kremlin’s wider geopolitical agenda. The image of the hydra – a voracious and vicious multi- headed beast, guided by a single mind, and which grows • As well as espionage, Moscow’s “special services” new heads as soon as one is lopped off – crops up frequently conduct active measures aimed at subverting in discussions of Russia’s intelligence and security services. and destabilising European governments, Murdered dissident Alexander Litvinenko and his co-author operations in support of Russian economic Yuri Felshtinsky wrote of the way “the old KGB, like some interests, and attacks on political enemies. multi-headed hydra, split into four new structures” after 1991.2 More recently, a British counterintelligence officer • Moscow has developed an array of overlapping described Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) as and competitive security and spy services. The a hydra because of the way that, for every plot foiled or aim is to encourage risk-taking and multiple operative expelled, more quickly appear. sources, but it also leads to turf wars and a tendency to play to Kremlin prejudices. The West finds itself in a new “hot peace” in which many consider Russia not just as an irritant or challenge, but • While much useful intelligence is collected, as an outright threat. -
The Fifth User January 28
UNCLASSIFIED The Fifth User January 28 Project VENONA is now well known publicly. VENONA refers to Soviet espionage messages that were solved in part or in whole by the U.S. cryptologic services. The Soviet cryptosystem was based on a one-time pad that was misused, and therefore vulnerable to American cryptanalysts. The cryptosystem was used by the USSR’s diplomatic service and its office for acquiring lend-lease equipment from the United States during World War II. This Soviet system was in use from 1941 to 1945, but was not solved until the late 1940s, after the war, and the most usable product based on the decrypts was issued in the 1950s. In addition, the cryptosystem was used by the espionage organization best known as the KGB. When people think of VENONA decrypts, they most often mean KGB communications. However, there were other users of the flawed system. The fifth user of the cryptosystem was known in English as GRU-Naval. Its communications referred to espionage operations controlled by the Naval Intelligence headquarters in Moscow. The senior representative in the U.S. was Captain, later Commodore, I. A. Egorichev, the USSR’s naval attaché in Washington. During his career he had commanded a destroyer in the Soviet’s Baltic fleet, and had served as naval attaché in Tokyo. In addition to legal duties in his overt position, Captain Egorichev conducted intelligence activities against the United States. The GRU-Naval cryptosystem worked in the same way the KGB and GRU systems did. Message text was encoded into numbers from a codebook, then the numbers were superenciphered with numbers from a one-time pad. -
Venona Special Studies
- 1 - Venona Project Special Studies Transcribed by Students of the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies Arranged by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, 2010 COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 2 UNIDENTIFIED COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 86 COVER NAMES IN SAN FRANCISCO TRAFFIC p. 92 COVER NAMES IN WASHINGTON TRAFFIC p. 123 ADDITIONAL COVERNAMES AND RELATED INFORMATION IN DIPLOMATIC TRAFFIC p. 127 REVISED TRANSLATION OF MESSAGE ON ANTENNA-LIBERAL'S WIFE ETHEL p. 135 THE COVERNAMES "ANTENNA" AND "LIBERAL" IN . MESSAGES p. 139 ESSAGES IN . INVOLVING THE COVERNAME"ENORMOZ" AND THE NAMES OF NUCLEAR PHYSICISTS, ETC. p. 147 UNDATED REPORT OF MEREDITH GARDNER p. 155 DEVELOPMENT OF THE “G--“HOMER” [“GOMER”] CASE p. 158 THE KOMAR (KRAVCHENKO) AFFAIR IN . MESSAGES p. 161 REVISED TRANSLATION OF TWO . MESSAGES ON CHANGES IN COVERNAMES p. 170 THE COVERNAME "KARAS" IN. TRAFFIC p. 178 THE COVERNAMES "TÉNOR", "BAS", AND "CHETÁ" (? IN . TRAFFIC p. 181 - 2 - Special Study Cover Names in New York Traffic - 3 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ 19 N.Y. to M. 812 29053 JKI 06 T1022 1B-1910 0027A ABRAM N.Y. to M. 992 24063 JKR 14 T872√ 1B-7518 0005A JACK SOBLE 1086 06073 JKV 48 T873√ 2A-0011 1957 29113 NNNNNN T939√ 625 04054 JHD 48 T916√ 851 15064 JIJ 40 T10.1√ 1146 10084 JHM 41 T123√ 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301√ (to ChEKh) 0005B 1353 23094 JHO 42 T289√ 1449 12104 JIL 37 T106√ 1754 14124 JHZ 49 T6√ 48 11015 JHV 37 (NSA)T1941 AVGUR 2A-0013 1638 (AUGUR) N.Y. -
The Rosenberg Ring Revealed Industrial-Scale Conventional and Nuclear Espionage
UsThdein Rosenberg Ring Revealed The Rosenberg Ring Revealed Industrial-Scale Conventional and Nuclear Espionage ✣ Steven T. Usdin Recent leaks from the archives of the former Soviet Committee on State Security (KGB) have ªnally made it possible to assemble a nearly complete picture of Julius Rosenberg’s espionage career.1 The new informa- tion not only illuminates aspects of his career that were previously unknown; it also removes the shadows that have cloaked many of Rosenberg’s activities and those of his comrades. The image that emerges is that of a Soviet agent who was far more involved in nuclear espionage than federal prosecutors or his most persistent critics over the last 60 years could have known. The reassessment is made possible by notes that Alexander Vassiliev took in the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) archive, including many verbatim transcriptions of cables to and from Rosenberg’s Soviet handlers in New York. Although Vassiliev, a former KGB ofªcer, had permission from the Russian government to make the notes, they were not supposed to be released and are available today only because Vassiliev decided to make them public in deªance of the Russian government. The notes’ provenance and reliability are detailed by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr in this issue of the Journal of Cold War Studies. The accuracy and reliability of the notes are conªrmed by a thorough review and a comparison with information about the Rosenberg ring from the Venona decrypts of World War II KGB cables released by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), from declassiªed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) ªles, and from other sources.2 1. -
H-Diplo Article Roundtable Review, Vol. X, No. 24
2009 h-diplo H-Diplo Article Roundtable Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse Roundtable Web Editor: George Fujii Review Introduction by Thomas Maddux www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Reviewers: Bruce Craig, Ronald Radosh, Katherine A.S. Volume X, No. 24 (2009) Sibley, G. Edward White 17 July 2009 Response by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr Journal of Cold War Studies 11.3 (Summer 2009) Special Issue: Soviet Espoinage in the United States during the Stalin Era (with articles by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr; Eduard Mark; Gregg Herken; Steven T. Usdin; Max Holland; and John F. Fox, Jr.) http://www.mitpressjournals.org/toc/jcws/11/3 Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-X-24.pdf Contents Introduction by Thomas Maddux, California State University, Northridge.............................. 2 Review by Bruce Craig, University of Prince Edward Island ..................................................... 8 Review by Ronald Radosh, Emeritus, City University of New York ........................................ 16 Review by Katherine A.S. Sibley, St. Josephs University ......................................................... 18 Review by G. Edward White, University of Virginia School of Law ........................................ 23 Author’s Response by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, and Harvey Klehr, Emory University ................................................................................................................................ 27 Copyright © 2009 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. -
Biographyelizabethbentley.Pdf
Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 1 of 284 QUEEN RED SPY Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 2 of 284 3 of 284 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet RED SPY QUEEN A Biography of ELIZABETH BENTLEY Kathryn S.Olmsted The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill and London Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 4 of 284 © 2002 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Set in Charter, Champion, and Justlefthand types by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Olmsted, Kathryn S. Red spy queen : a biography of Elizabeth Bentley / by Kathryn S. Olmsted. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8078-2739-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Bentley, Elizabeth. 2. Women communists—United States—Biography. 3. Communism—United States— 1917– 4. Intelligence service—Soviet Union. 5. Espionage—Soviet Union. 6. Informers—United States—Biography. I. Title. hx84.b384 o45 2002 327.1247073'092—dc21 2002002824 0605040302 54321 Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 5 of 284 To 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet my mother, Joane, and the memory of my father, Alvin Olmsted Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 6 of 284 7 of 284 Contents Preface ix 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1. -
British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964 William Styles Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge September 2016 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy William Styles British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964 This thesis is concerned with an analysis of British governmental attitudes and responses to communism in the United Kingdom during the early years of the Cold War, from the election of the Attlee government in July 1945 up until the election of the Wilson government in October 1964. Until recently the topic has been difficult to assess accurately, due to the scarcity of available original source material. However, as a result of multiple declassifications of both Cabinet Office and Security Service files over the past five years it is now possible to analyse the subject in greater depth and detail than had been previously feasible. The work is predominantly concerned with four key areas: firstly, why domestic communism continued to be viewed as a significant threat by successive governments – even despite both the ideology’s relatively limited popular support amongst the general public and Whitehall’s realisation that the Communist Party of Great Britain presented little by way of a direct challenge to British political stability. Secondly, how Whitehall’s understanding of the nature and severity of the threat posed by British communism developed between the late 1940s and early ‘60s, from a problem considered mainly of importance only to civil service security practices to one which directly impacted upon the conduct of educational policy and labour relations. -
Researching Soviet/Russian Intelligence in America: Bibliography (Last Updated: October 2018)
Know Your FSB From Your KGB: Researching Soviet/Russian Intelligence in America: Bibliography (Last updated: October 2018) 1. Federal Government Sources A. The 2016 US Presidential Election Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections. Office of the Director of National intelligence, January 6, 2017. Committee Findings on the 2017 Intelligence Community Assessment. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, July 3, 2018. Disinformation: Panel I, Panel II. A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, Thursday, March 30, 2017. (Y 4.IN 8/19: S.HRG.115-40/) Link: http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo86393 FACT SHEET: Actions in Response to Russian Malicious Cyber Activity and Harassment. White House Office of the Press Secretary, December 29, 2016. Grand Jury Indicts 12 Russian Intelligence Officers for Hacking Offenses Related to the 2016 Election. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs, July 13, 2018. Grizzly Steppe: Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and Federal Bureau of Investigation, December 29, 2016. Information Warfare: Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service, March 5, 2018. Minority Views: The Minority Members of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on March 26, 2018, Submit the Following Minority Views to the Majority-Produced "Report on Russian active Measures, March 22, 2018." House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, March 26, 2018. Open Hearing: Social Media Influence in the 2016 U.S. Election: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, Wednesday, November 1, 2017. -
Television and Politics in the Soviet Union by Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION and AMERICA's CHILDREN a Crisis of Neglect by Edward L
SPLIT SIGNALS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY edited by George Gerbner and Marsha Seifert IMAGE ETHICS The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television Edited by Larry Gross, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby CENSORSHIP The Knot That Binds Power and Knowledge By Sue Curry Jansen SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union By Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION AND AMERICA'S CHILDREN A Crisis of Neglect By Edward L. Palmer SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union ELLEN MICKIEWICZ New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1988 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1988 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Oxford University Press. Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper. Split signals : television and politics in the Soviet Union / Ellen Mickiewicz. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-505463-6 1. Television broadcasting of news—Soviet Union. 2. Television broadcasting—Social aspects—Soviet Union. 3. Television broadcasting—Political aspects—Soviet Union. 4. Soviet Union— Politics and government—1982- I. Title. PN5277.T4M53 1988 302.2'345'0947—dc!9 88-4200 CIP 1098 7654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface In television terminology, broadcast signals are split when they are divided and sent to two or more locations simultaneously. -
Inventory for Congressional Period Collection
Congressional Period. Work File. – House Committee on Un-American Activities. (PPS 205) (Materials in bold type is available for research) [Boxes 1-10 covered under Congressional Collection Finding Aid] Box 11 : Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – Index. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, July 22 – Abraham Brothman. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, July 31 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, July 31 – Harry Gold. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Nov. 24 – Louis Budenz. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Nov. 25 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Nov. 25 – Julius J. Joseph. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Dec. 2 – Norman Bursler. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Dec. 3 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1947, Dec. 3 – Mary Price. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Jan. 20 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Jan. 20 – Solomon Adler. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Feb. 10 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Feb. 10 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 16. – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 16 – Alger Hiss. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 23 – FBI agent. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 24-25 – Harry Dexter White. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 30 – Elizabeth Bentley. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Mar. 31-Apr. 1 – Lement Harris. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Apr. 6 – Elizabeth Bentley. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Apr. 7 – Maurice Joseph Berg. Hiss case: Grand Jury testimony – 1948, Apr.