The Castniinae at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)
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Jorge M. González & Dieter Stüning, The Castniinae at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn The Castniinae at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) G Jorge M. González & Dieter Stüning Abstract. The material of 13 taxa be- Resumen. Se estudiaron ejemplares de Zusammenfassung. Die Castniidae longing to the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) 13 taxones pertenecientes a Castniidae (Lepidoptera) der Sammlung des Zoo- deposited at the Zoologisches Forschungs- (Lepidoptera) depositados en el Zoolo- logischen Forschungsmuseums Alexan- museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, has gisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander der Koenig, Bonn, werden untersucht. been studied. A brief comment on the Koenig en Bonn. Se incluye un breve Sie gehören 13 Taxa an, deren Biologie origin of the collection is given. General comentario sobre el origen de esta colec- und Verbreitung beschrieben werden. comments on biology and distribution ción. Se presentan también comenta- Die Herkunft der Sammlung wird kurz are presented for each one of the taxa rios generales sobre la biología y distri- erörtert. treated herein. bución de los taxones mencionados. Key words. Lepidoptera, Castniidae, Castniinae, South America, Europe, Neotropic Region, Palaearctic Region, introduced species, distribution, food plants. Introduction Castniidae is a Pantropical family with These last few years the family has them he donated to Matthias Forst three groups distributed in the Malay Pen- become of interest, especially in Europe, who later put them into the CZIC. insula (Tasciniinae), Australia (Castni- because of the introduction from South inae, Castniini, Synemonina) and Central America of Paysandisia archon (Burmeis- The material of the Cologne zoo was pre- and South America (Castniinae, Castniini, ter, 1880) (Figs 14, 15) which is becom- viously studied by the first author in Castniina). The Neotropical Castniinae is ing a relevant pest of palms along the coast 1995. Most of the specimens are from a small subfamily with slightly over 80 from the British isles to Italy (Sarto Brazil and Peru. The ZFMK Collection of species (Lamas 1995) that can be found 2002, 2003). Castniidae was enhanced by the subse- from México to Chile and Argentina. Their quent addition provided by the Cologne adults are diurnal or crepuscular, some The larger part of the material reported Zoo Collection, and even though it is are cryptic, few have cryptically coloured here belongs to the Cologne Zoo Insect unfortunate that not all specimens bear forewings but brightly coloured hind Collection (CZIC) which has become part detailed data, the sample at ZFMK clear- wings and many are members of various of the ZFMK collections since 2004, as a ly shows the diversity of the family in possibly mimetic rings (Miller 1986). permanent loan. The Cologne Zoo Insect South America. The data found in the Collection was built up by Matthias labels is in some cases complemented with Many of the species are particularly rare, Forst, Bonn, since 1961, as part of the information added by us and included some are endemic and several have newly erected insectarium of the zoo. within brackets. reduced geographic range, and it is high- Forst united several important private ly possible that some populations could collections purchased before to a single Abbreviations have become extinct, at least in a few collection of high scientific value. He later localities, due to either modification or became head of the insectarium. Before ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum destruction of their habitat (Lamas 1993, he went to Cologne Zoo, Forst worked Alexander Koenig, Bonn González 1999, 2004, Rodríguez & at the Lepidoptera Section of the ZFMK CZIC: Cologne Zoo Insect Collection Rojas-Suárez 1995). Their larvae are as a technician (1950–1961). During this K. H. Lüling borers of the plant-families Arecaceae, time he met who was head Species list Bromeliaceae, Musaceae, Heliconiaceae, and curator of the Ichthyology Section Orchidaceae and Poaceae, and they are (1954–1978). Lüling made 14 research Eupalamides cyparissias con- commonly known as “Giant Butterfly expeditions to South America (Peru, spicua (Rothschild, 1919) (Fig. 1) Moths” (González & Fernández Yépez Brazil, Argentina) to study the fish-fauna 1993, González & Cock 2004, Miller (Busse 1987). He collected not only fish- This species is known as a pest of differ- 1987). Due to the boring behavior of the es for the ZFMK collections, but also ent palms (Arecaceae), but most espe- larvae, some species have become pests many other groups, including insects. A cially Coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Oil of a few economically important crops number of the Castniinae mentioned be- Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (Miller 1986). (González & Cock 2004). low were collected by him, too. Most of Its life history has been studied in detail 89 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Stuttgart · 117(2)2007 (Korytkowski & Ruiz 1980a,1980b, Ruiz Amazon].The nominate subspecies is known dez Yépez 1993, Miller 1986, Pastrana & Korytowsky 1980). It is crepuscular from the south east of the country. 2004). The only specimen of this sub- and has a restricted flight period of less species at the ZFMK collection clearly than two hours at dusk, but during the Imara pallasia resembles the “white form” originally rest of the day adults can be found rest- (Eschscholtz, 1821) (Fig. 7) described by Druce (1893) as “Castnia ing at the top of shaded palms (Miller endelechia”, but listed as one of the vari- 1986). This subspecies is known from This species is restricted to southeastern ous morphs of the species presented by Eastern Peru and Bolivia. The nominate Brazil and it is sympatric with Imara sa- Jordan (1906) and recognized as a syn- subspecies occurs in the Guyana, French trapes (Kollar, 1839). Both species are onym of C. invaria penelope according to Guyana and Surinam region of South found along cloud forests. Imara pallasia Lamas (1995). America. has been observed hilltopping with a cou- ` ple of Morpho species, as well as some Material examined. 1 , Brazil (ZFMK). Material examined. 1 `, Buenavista, 450 m, Bo- Nymphalidae, and appears to be a visual ´ livia (CZIC); 1 , Tingo María, Peru, 14.VI.1966 mimic of Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775) K. H. Lüling (CZIC). Castnia invaria volitans (Papilionidae) (Miller 1986). Lamas, 1995 (Fig. 5) ` Material examined. 1 , [Rio de] Janeiro, Brazil This subspecies is only found in the north- Amauta cacica procera (CZIC). Boisduval ern South America, north of the Amazon ( , [1875]) (Fig. 2) and can be collected from the Guianas to This genus exhibits a slight sexual dimor- Synpalamides phalaris Venezuela and even reaches eastern phism that can be easily noticed by the (Fabricius, 1793) (Fig. 12) Colombia. This name was introduced to enlargement of wing markings, particu- replace Papilio icarus Cramer, [1775], larly in the hind wings of females. This Commonly distributed in southern Brazil, which was a junior primary homonym of subspecies was originally described from some populations reach Paraguay. The P. icarus Rottemburg, 1775 (Lycaenidae; Guatemala but has a distribution that specimen at the ZFMK collection is par- Lamas 1995). Like the other subspecies it easily reaches Panamá. It is the only ticularly interesting since it was collected also attacks Bromeliaceae and it is con- Central American species in the genus in Argentina, very possibly from the sidered a pest of pineapples (Ananas co- (Lamas 1995, Miller 1986). Amauta ca- north. Unfortunately, no more data is mosus) also. Even though this subspecies cica cacica (Herrich-Schäffer, [1854)] included in the label. This is a species is somehow variable, the first author has was described from material collected in that highly possibly attacks terrestrial never seen an extreme variation as the the central mountainous range of Colom- and epiphytic bromeliads (Bromeliace- “white form” found in C. invaria pene- bia. ae) in its geographic range. lope. However, a complete review of the whole group is needed to clearly estab- ` Material examined. 1 `, Panamá (CZIC). Material examined. 1 , Argentina (ZFMK). lish the validity of the various subspecies. ` Castnia invaria penelope Material examined. 1 , French Guiana (CZIC). Hista fabricii boisduvalii Schaufuss, 1870 (Fig. 6) (Walker, 1854) (Fig. 3) Castniomera atymnius Even though the nominate subspecies is This is a very interesting Castniidae which (Dalman, 1824) (Fig. 8) found in South East Brazil and was orig- is sympatric with H. hegemon (Kollar, inally described from Rio de Janeiro This species is a common pest of bananas 1839) in southern Brazil, however H. (Walker 1854; Houlbert 1918), the (Musa spp.; Musaceae). The nominate fabricii boisduvalii normally flies later in subspecies C. invaria penelope appears to subspecies is distributed in Eastern the day than H. hegemon (Miller 1986). be widely spread in Brazil, south of the Brazil. It is quite normal that this species They have a flight pattern that somehow Amazon, reaching Argentina, Bolivia and is somehow overlooked and confused resembles that of some hawk moths Paraguay. This subspecies is highly vari- with the sympatric Telchin licus (Drury, (Sphingidae). Slight sexual dimorphism able and several “colour” morphs com- 1773) (González & Cock 2004). Accord- is also noted in the species of this genus, monly occur together in many sites ing to a research carried out in Panamá, and in this species the forewing markings (Jordan 1906). Like other subspecies, it Esquivel (1981) “demonstrated”