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Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE for RESEARCH in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2015 Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2015 annual report University of Colorado Boulder UCB 216 Boulder, CO 80309-0216 COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES University of Colorado Boulder 216 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0216 303-492-1143 [email protected] http://cires.colorado.edu CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati Annual Report Staff Katy Human, Director of Communications, Editor Susan Lynds and Karin Vergoth, Editing Robin L. Strelow, Designer Agreement No. NA12OAR4320137 Cover photo: Mt. Cook in the Southern Alps, West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island Birgit Hassler, CIRES/NOAA table of contents Executive summary & research highlights 2 project reports 82 From the Director 2 Air Quality in a Changing Climate 83 CIRES: Science in Service to Society 3 Climate Forcing, Feedbacks, and Analysis 86 This is CIRES 6 Earth System Dynamics, Variability, and Change 94 Organization 7 Management and Exploitation of Geophysical Data 105 Council of Fellows 8 Regional Sciences and Applications 115 Governance 9 Scientific Outreach and Education 117 Finance 10 Space Weather Understanding and Prediction 120 Active NOAA Awards 11 Stratospheric Processes and Trends 124 Systems and Prediction Models Development 129 People & Programs 14 CIRES Starts with People 14 Appendices 136 Fellows 15 Table of Contents 136 CIRES Centers 50 Publications by the Numbers 136 Center for Limnology 50 Publications 137 Center for Science and Technology -
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C. T. Geppert FLEETING CITIES Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe Co-Edited EUROPEAN EGO-HISTORIES Historiography and the Self, 1970–2000 ORTE DES OKKULTEN ESPOSIZIONI IN EUROPA TRA OTTO E NOVECENTO Spazi, organizzazione, rappresentazioni ORTSGESPRÄCHE Raum und Kommunikation im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert NEW DANGEROUS LIAISONS Discourses on Europe and Love in the Twentieth Century WUNDER Poetik und Politik des Staunens im 20. Jahrhundert Imagining Outer Space European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century Edited by Alexander C. T. Geppert Emmy Noether Research Group Director Freie Universität Berlin Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Alexander C. T. Geppert 2012 Chapter 6 (by Michael J. Neufeld) © the Smithsonian Institution 2012 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2012 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. -
Special Catalogue Milestones of Lunar Mapping and Photography Four Centuries of Selenography on the Occasion of the 50Th Anniversary of Apollo 11 Moon Landing
Special Catalogue Milestones of Lunar Mapping and Photography Four Centuries of Selenography On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 moon landing Please note: A specific item in this catalogue may be sold or is on hold if the provided link to our online inventory (by clicking on the blue-highlighted author name) doesn't work! Milestones of Science Books phone +49 (0) 177 – 2 41 0006 www.milestone-books.de [email protected] Member of ILAB and VDA Catalogue 07-2019 Copyright © 2019 Milestones of Science Books. All rights reserved Page 2 of 71 Authors in Chronological Order Author Year No. Author Year No. BIRT, William 1869 7 SCHEINER, Christoph 1614 72 PROCTOR, Richard 1873 66 WILKINS, John 1640 87 NASMYTH, James 1874 58, 59, 60, 61 SCHYRLEUS DE RHEITA, Anton 1645 77 NEISON, Edmund 1876 62, 63 HEVELIUS, Johannes 1647 29 LOHRMANN, Wilhelm 1878 42, 43, 44 RICCIOLI, Giambattista 1651 67 SCHMIDT, Johann 1878 75 GALILEI, Galileo 1653 22 WEINEK, Ladislaus 1885 84 KIRCHER, Athanasius 1660 31 PRINZ, Wilhelm 1894 65 CHERUBIN D'ORLEANS, Capuchin 1671 8 ELGER, Thomas Gwyn 1895 15 EIMMART, Georg Christoph 1696 14 FAUTH, Philipp 1895 17 KEILL, John 1718 30 KRIEGER, Johann 1898 33 BIANCHINI, Francesco 1728 6 LOEWY, Maurice 1899 39, 40 DOPPELMAYR, Johann Gabriel 1730 11 FRANZ, Julius Heinrich 1901 21 MAUPERTUIS, Pierre Louis 1741 50 PICKERING, William 1904 64 WOLFF, Christian von 1747 88 FAUTH, Philipp 1907 18 CLAIRAUT, Alexis-Claude 1765 9 GOODACRE, Walter 1910 23 MAYER, Johann Tobias 1770 51 KRIEGER, Johann 1912 34 SAVOY, Gaspare 1770 71 LE MORVAN, Charles 1914 37 EULER, Leonhard 1772 16 WEGENER, Alfred 1921 83 MAYER, Johann Tobias 1775 52 GOODACRE, Walter 1931 24 SCHRÖTER, Johann Hieronymus 1791 76 FAUTH, Philipp 1932 19 GRUITHUISEN, Franz von Paula 1825 25 WILKINS, Hugh Percy 1937 86 LOHRMANN, Wilhelm Gotthelf 1824 41 USSR ACADEMY 1959 1 BEER, Wilhelm 1834 4 ARTHUR, David 1960 3 BEER, Wilhelm 1837 5 HACKMAN, Robert 1960 27 MÄDLER, Johann Heinrich 1837 49 KUIPER Gerard P. -
Planet Formation
3. Planet form ation Frontiers of A stronom y W orkshop/S chool Bibliotheca A lexandrina M arch-A pril 2006 Properties of planetary system s • all giant planets in the solar system have a > 5 A U w hile extrasolar giant planets have semi-major axes as small as a = 0.02 A U • planetary orbital angular momentum is close to direction of S un’s spin angular momentum (w ithin 7o) • 3 of 4 terrestrial planets and 3 of 4 giant planets have obliquities (angle betw een spin and orbital angular momentum) < 30o • interplanetary space is virtually empty, except for the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt • planets account for < 0.2% of mass of solar system but > 98% of angular momentum Properties of planetary system s • orbits of major planets in solar system are nearly circular (eMercury=0.206, ePluto=0.250); orbits of extrasolar planets are not (emedian=0.28) • probability of finding a planet is proportional to mass of metals in the star Properties of planetary system s • planets suffer no close encounters and are spaced fairly n regularly (Bode’s law : an=0.4 + 0.3×2 ) planet semimajor axis (A U ) n an (A U ) Mercury 0.39 −∞ 0.4 V enus 0.72 0 0.7 Earth 1.00 1 1.0 Mars 1.52 2 1.6 asteroids 2.77 (Ceres) 3 2.8 Jupiter 5.20 4 5.2 S aturn 9.56 5 10.0 U ranus 19.29 6 19.6 N eptune 30.27 7 38.8 Pluto 39.68 8 77.2 Properties of planetary system s • planets suffer no close encounters and are spaced fairly n regularly (Bode’s law : an=0.4 + 0.3×2 ) planet semimajor axis (A U ) n an (A U ) Mercury+ 0.39 −∞ 0.4 V enus 0.72 0 0.7 Earth 1.00 1 1.0 *predicted -
Planets of the Solar System
Chapter Planets of the 27 Solar System Chapter OutlineOutline 1 ● Formation of the Solar System The Nebular Hypothesis Formation of the Planets Formation of Solid Earth Formation of Earth’s Atmosphere Formation of Earth’s Oceans 2 ● Models of the Solar System Early Models Kepler’s Laws Newton’s Explanation of Kepler’s Laws 3 ● The Inner Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars 4 ● The Outer Planets Gas Giants Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Objects Beyond Neptune Why It Matters Exoplanets UnderstandingU d t di theth formationf ti and the characteristics of our solar system and its planets can help scientists plan missions to study planets and solar systems around other stars in the universe. 746 Chapter 27 hhq10sena_psscho.inddq10sena_psscho.indd 774646 PDF 88/15/08/15/08 88:43:46:43:46 AAMM Inquiry Lab Planetary Distances 20 min Turn to Appendix E and find the table entitled Question to Get You Started “Solar System Data.” Use the data from the How would the distance of a planet from the sun “semimajor axis” row of planetary distances to affect the time it takes for the planet to complete devise an appropriate scale to model the distances one orbit? between planets. Then find an indoor or outdoor space that will accommodate the farthest distance. Mark some index cards with the name of each planet, use a measuring tape to measure the distances according to your scale, and place each index card at its correct location. 747 hhq10sena_psscho.inddq10sena_psscho.indd 774747 22/26/09/26/09 111:42:301:42:30 AAMM These reading tools will help you learn the material in this chapter. -
PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, and the V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ENGINEERING CONSENT: PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, AND THE V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael Brian Petersen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Jeffrey Herf Departmen t of History This dissertation is the story of the German scientists and engineers who developed, tested, and produced the V-2 missile, the world’s first liquid -fueled ballistic missile. It examines the social, political, and cultural roots of the prog ram in the Weimar Republic, the professional world of the Peenemünde missile base, and the results of the specialists’ decision to use concentration camp slave labor to produce the missile. Previous studies of this subject have been the domain of either of sensationalistic journalists or the unabashed admirers of the German missile pioneers. Only rarely have historians ventured into this area of inquiry, fruitfully examining the history of the German missile program from the top down while noting its admi nistrative battles and technical development. However, this work has been done at the expense of a detailed examination of the mid and lower -level employees who formed the backbone of the research and production effort. This work addresses that shortcomi ng by investigating the daily lives of these employees and the social, cultural, and political environment in which they existed. It focuses on the key questions of dedication, motivation, and criminality in the Nazi regime by asking “How did Nazi authori ties in charge of the missile program enlist the support of their employees in their effort?” “How did their work translate into political consent for the regime?” “How did these employees come to view slave labor as a viable option for completing their work?” This study is informed by traditions in European intellectual and social history while borrowing from different methods of sociology and anthropology. -
Conference on Autonomous and Robotic Construction of Infrastructure June 2-3 Ames, IA Iowa State University of Science and Technology
Conference on Autonomous and Robotic Construction of Infrastructure June 2-3 Ames, IA Iowa State University of Science and Technology Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Autonomous and Robotic Construction of Infrastructure Edited by David J. White, Ahmad Alhasan, and Pavana Vennapusa About CEER Notice The mission of the Center for Earthworks Engineering 7KHFRQWHQWVRIWKLVUHSRUWUHÀHFWWKHYLHZVRIWKH Research (CEER) at Iowa State University is to be the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the nation’s premier institution for developing fundamental accuracy of the information presented herein. The knowledge of earth mechanics, and creating inno- RSLQLRQV¿QGLQJVDQGFRQFOXVLRQVH[SUHVVHGLQWKLV vative technologies, sensors, and systems to enable publication are those of the authors and not necessar- rapid, high quality, environmentally friendly, and eco- ily those of the sponsors. nomical construction of roadways, aviation runways, railroad embankments, dams, structural foundations, This document is disseminated under the sponsorship IRUWL¿FDWLRQVFRQVWUXFWHGIURPHDUWKPDWHULDOVDQG of the U.S. DOT UTC program in the interest of infor- related geotechnical applications. mation exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this About MTC document. This report does not constitute a standard, The Midwest Transportation Center (MTC) is a region- VSHFL¿FDWLRQRUUHJXODWLRQ al University Transportation Center (UTC) sponsored E\WKH86'HSDUWPHQWRI7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ2I¿FHRI The U.S. Government does not endorse products the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology or manufacturers. If trademarks or manufacturers’ (USDOT/OST-R). The mission of the UTC program names appear in this report, it is only because they is to advance U.S. technology and expertise in the are considered essential to the objective of the docu- many disciplines comprising transportation through ment. -
Meteorites and the Origin of the Solar System
Meteorites and the origin of the solar system STEPHEN G. BRUSH University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: During the past two centuries, theories of the origin of the solar system have been strongly influenced by observations and theories about meteorites. I review this history up to about 1985. During the 19th century the hypothesis that planets formed by accretion of small solid particles ('the meteoritic hypothesis') competed with the alternative 'nebular hypothesis' of Laplace, based on condensation from a hot gas. At the beginning of the 20th century Chamberlin and Moulton revived the meteoritic hypothesis as the 'planetesimal hypothesis' and joined it to the assumption that the solar system evolved from the encounter of the Sun with a passing star. Later, the encounter hypothesis was rejected and the planetesimal hypothesis was incorporated into new versions of the nebular hypothesis. In the 1950s, meteorites provided essential data for the establishment by Patterson and others of the pre- sently accepted 4500 Ma age of the Earth and the solar system. Analysis of the Allende meteorite, which fell in 1969, inspired the 'supernova trigger' theory of the origin of the solar system, and furnished useful constraints on theories of planetary formation developed by Urey, Ringwood, Anders and others. Many of these theories assumed condensation from a homogeneous hot gas, an assumption that was challenged by astrophysical calculations. The meteoritic-planetesimal theory of planet formation was developed in Russia by Schmidt and later by Safronov. Wetherill, in the United States, established it as the preferred theory for formation of terrestrial planets. -
Technology Today Spring 2013
Spring 2012 TECHNOLOGY® today Southwest Research Institute® San Antonio, Texas Spring 2012 • Volume 33, No. 1 TECHNOLOGY today COVER Director of Communications Craig Witherow Editor Joe Fohn TECHNOLOGY Assistant Editor today Deborah Deffenbaugh D018005-5651 Contributing Editors Tracey Whelan Editorial Assistant Kasey Chenault Design Scott Funk Photography Larry Walther Illustrations Andrew Blanchard, Frank Tapia Circulation Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Gina Monreal About the cover Full-scale fire tests were performed on upholstered furniture Technology Today (ISSN 1528-431X) is published three times as part of a project to reduce uncertainty in determining the each year and distributed free of charge. The publication cause of fires. discusses some of the more than 1,000 research and develop- ment projects under way at Southwest Research Institute. The materials in Technology Today may be used for educational and informational purposes by the public and the media. Credit to Southwest Research Institute should be given. This authorization does not extend to property rights such as patents. Commercial and promotional use of the contents in Technology Today without the express written consent of Southwest Research Institute is prohibited. The information published in Technology Today does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of Southwest Research Institute or its clients, and no endorsements should be made or inferred. Address correspondence to the editor, Department of Communications, Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510, or e-mail [email protected]. To be placed on the mailing list or to make address changes, call (210) 522-2257 or fax (210) 522-3547, or visit update.swri.org. -
Allowed Planetary Orbits
RELATIONSHIPS OF PARAMETERS OF PLANETARY ORBITS IN SOLAR---TYPE-TYPE SYSTEMS FACULTY OF SCIENCE, PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY, OLOMOUC RELATIONSHIPS OF PARAMETERS OF PLANETARY ORBITS IN SOLAR-TYPE SYSTEMS DOCTORAL THESIS PAVEL PINTR OLOMOUC 2013 VYJÁD ŘENÍ O PODÍLNICTVÍ Prohlašuji, že všichni auto ři se podíleli stejným dílem na níže uvedených článcích: Pintr P., Pe řinová V.: The Solar System from the quantization viewpoint. Acta Universitatis Palackianae, Physica, 42 - 43 , 2003 - 2004, 195 - 209. Pe řinová V., Lukš A., Pintr P.: Distribution of distances in the Solar System. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 34 , 2007, 669 - 676. Pintr P., Pe řinová V., Lukš A.: Allowed planetary orbits. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 36 , 2008, 1273 - 1282. Pe řinová V., Lukš A., Pintr P.: Regularities in systems of planets and moons. In: Solar System: Structure, Formation and Exploration . Editor: Matteo de Rossi, Nova Science Publishers, USA (2012), pp. 153-199. ISBN: 978-1-62100-057-0. Pintr P.: Závislost fotometrických parametr ů hv ězd na orbitálních parametrech exoplanet. Jemná Mechanika a Optika 11 - 12 , 2012, 317 - 319. Pintr P., Pe řinová V., Lukš A.: Areal velocities of planets and their comparison. In : Quantization and Discretization at Large Scales . Editors: Smarandache F., Christianto V., Pintr P., ZIP Publishing, Ohio, USA (2012), pp. 15 - 26. ISBN: 9781599732275. Pintr P., Pe řinová V., Lukš A., Pathak A.: Statistical and regression analyses of detected extrasolar systems. Planetary and Space Science 75 , 2013, 37 - 45. Pintr P., Pe řinová V., Lukš A., Pathak A.: Exoplanet habitability for stellar spectral classes F, G, K and M. 2013, v p říprav ě. -
Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems
Specialist Topics in Astrophysics: Lecture 2 Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems Ken Rice ([email protected]) FormationFormation ofof PlanetaryPlanetary SystemsSystems Lecture 2: Main topics • Solar System characteristics • Origin of the Solar System • Building the planets Most theories of planet formation have been carried out in the context of explaining our Solar System • Any theory must first explain the data/observables OriginOrigin ofof ourour SolarSolar SystemSystem To have a successful theory we must explain the following: • Planets revolve in mostly circular orbits in same direction as the Sun spins OriginOrigin ofof ourour SolarSolar SystemSystem • Planetary orbits nearly lie in a single plane (except Pluto [no longer a planet!!] and Mercury), close to the Sun’s equator • Planets are well spaced, and their orbits do not cross or come close to crossing (except Neptune/Pluto) OriginOrigin ofof ourour SolarSolar SystemSystem • All planets (probably) formed at roughly the same time • Meteorites suggest inner portions of the Solar System were heated to ~1500 K during meteorite/planet formation period OriginOrigin ofof ourour SolarSolar SystemSystem • Planet composition varies in a systematic way throughout the Solar System Terrestrial planets are rocky Outer planets are gaseous OriginOrigin ofof ourour SolarSolar SystemSystem • Jupiter/Saturn are dominated by H and He; Neptune/ Uranus have much less H and He (mainly ices, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia) OriginOrigin ofof OurOur SolarSolar SystemSystem • Planetary satellites -
How Do You Find an Exoplanet?
October 27, 2015 Time: 09:41am chapter1.tex © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. 1 INTRODUCTION For as long as there been humans we have searched for our place in the cosmos. — Carl Sagan, 1980 1.1 My Brief History I am an astronomer, and as such my professional interest is focused on the study of light emitted by objects in the sky. However, unlike many astronomers, my interest in the night sky didn’t begin until later in my life, well into my college education. I don’t have childhood memories of stargazing, I never thought to ask for a telescope for Christmas, I didn’t have a moon-phase calendar on my wall, and I never owned a single book about astronomy until I was twenty-one years old. As a child, my closest approach to the subject of astronomy was a poster of the Space Shuttle that hung next to my bed, but my interest was piqued more by the intricate mechanical details of the spacecraft rather than where it traveled. Looking back, I suppose the primary reason for my ignorance of astronomy was because I grew up in a metropolitan area, in the North County of St. Louis, Missouri. The skies are often cloudy in the winter when the nights are longest, the evenings are bright with light For general queries, contact [email protected] October 27, 2015 Time: 09:41am chapter1.tex © Copyright, Princeton University Press.