SAS Bulletin Newsletter of the Society for Archaeological Sciences

Volume 29 number 3 Fall 2006

Should We Clone a Caveman? already suggests some interbreeding with an archaic species, but it is unclear if this was Neanderthal or other early humans. “Should we clone a caveman?” is one of the more humorous, but unfortunately serious, questions being asked after Recovery of the Neanderthal genome, in whole or in part, the recent announcement of efforts to reconstruct the genome would be invaluable for reconstructing many events in human of Neanderthals, the archaic human species that occupied prehistory and evolution. It would help address such questions Europe from 300,000 years ago to 30,000 years ago until being as whether Neanderthals and humans interbred, whether the displaced by modern humans. Amidst a flurry of catchy archaic humans had an articulate form of language, how the headlines, including “Scientists Dig into Neanderthal DNA,” Neanderthal brain was constructed, and the total size of the “Scientists Seek the Secret of Our Success from Neanderthal Neanderthal population. Another longstanding controversy DNA,” and my personal favorite, “Code of the Caveman,” among archaeologists is whether modern humans, who first news agencies across the globe reported in July that entered Europe 45,000 years ago, ultimately from Africa, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary interbred with Neanderthals or forced them into extinction. Anthropology in Germany have teamed up with 454 Life Interbreeding could have been genetically advantageous to the Sciences, a U.S. company specializing in DNA sequencing and incoming humans, because the Neanderthals were well adapted analysis, to extract and sequence the DNA from 45,000-year- to the cold European climate and to local diseases. old Neanderthal bones found in Croatia. As we await the results of this exciting project, sit back The first goal of the project is to sequence three billion and peruse the contents of the latest issue of the SAS Bulletin, units of Neanderthal DNA, corresponding to the full length of which features breaking news from our associate editors in the Neanderthal genome. Then the task will be to compare the other areas of archaeological science, along with the usual Neanderthal DNA with the human genome sequence, which buffet of employment opportunities, conference was first decoded in 2003. Evidence from the human genome announcements, and book reviews.

E. Christian Wells

In This Issue

Employment Opportunities 2 Awards, Fellowships, and Training 3 Conference News and Announcements 3 2006 R.E. Taylor Poster Award Winners (A. J. Vonarx) 4 Archaeological Soil Science (J. A. Entwistle) 4 Geoarchaeology (D. D. Kuehn) 5 Archaeological Ceramics (C. C. Kolb) 7 Book Reviews (S. N. Lengyel) Climate Change in Prehistory (D. Lubell) 24 Myths of the Archaic State (N. Moragas) 26 Environmental Archaeology (C. Wilson) 27 Images and Artefacts (R. Schon) 28 Interacting with the Dead (A. K. Scherer) 29 Upcoming Conferences (R. S. Popelka-Filcoff) 31 page 2 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Employment Opportunities Geomatics, or related field. Experience with archeological data is helpful. The candidate will have experience using ESRI GIS Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, (ArcView, ArcGIS) products, and MS Access software. Duties has an Assistant Professor tenure track position in will include cartographic production in GIS, geo-processing, Archaeology, effective July 1, 2007. Candidates must have a thematic mapping, and predictive modeling. Knowledge of Ph.D. in archaeology, a strong research and publication record, engineering CAD standards, surveying background, 3D and previous university teaching experience. We seek an modeling (TIN, DTM), and Intergraph Software experience archaeologist engaged in socioenvironmental studies in the helpful. This is a full-time, salaried, permanent position with context of a multi-scalar, theoretically-based research program. benefits. Salary is competitive and commensurate with Area and methodological specialties are open, but our experience. Please submit a letter of interest, current CV, and preference is for someone with geographic and topical interests three references to GIS Search Committee, R. Christopher that complement existing faculty strengths. All qualified Goodwin & Associates, Inc., 241 East 4th Street, Suite 100, candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadian citizens Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Email responses may be sent to: and permanent residents will be considered first for this position. [email protected]; Phone 800-340-2724 or Fax 301- McMaster University is strongly committed to employment 695-5237. equity within its community and to recruiting a diverse faculty and staff. The University encourages applications from all The Center for Excellence in Geospatial qualified candidates, including women, members of visible Technologies at Statistical Research, Inc. seeks a minorities, Aboriginal persons, members of sexual minorities, laboratory manager responsible for supervising the day-to- and persons with disabilities. Applications should include a day collection, processing, analysis, interpretation, and curriculum vitae, the names and addresses (including email) presentation of spatial data in a fast-paced production of three referees, a statement of research interests and plans, environment. This position requires a Ph.D. in a cultural and a statement of teaching philosophy and may be sent in resource discipline, technical expertise in geospatial technologies electronic or hard copy format. Letters of application should and their application to applied problem solving, and excellent address how candidates are prepared to engage in the management skills and experience. Please send a letter of supervision of graduate students and involve students in their application (with salary and employment expectations), research. Submit applications to: Aubrey Cannon, Chair, curriculum vitae, and references with e-mail addresses to Ms. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Trish Craig, Director of Human Resources, Statistical Research, St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9 Canada; e-mail: Inc., PO Box 31865, Tucson, AZ 85751-1865 USA. More [email protected]. information about the Center can be found at the website, http:/ /www.sricrm.com/services/. The Department of Anthropology at The Field Museum in Chicago invites applications for the position Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of of Head of Collections Management, to begin during fall Anthropology, seeks an Amazon Basin specialist, whose 2006 (ideally by the start of October). The Head of Collections research is of an interdisciplinary nature, relating human will coordinate and supervise activities in collections societies to the ecology and biodiversity of Amazonia. The management, registration, and conservation under the direction position will be filled at the rank of assistant curator. Applicants of the Anthropology curators. He or she will oversee and knowledgeable of past and present Amazon societies are coordinate all aspects of collections management and provide especially welcome; this could be an archaeologist who is also leadership for developing initiatives related to collections use, familiar with indigenous groups or an ethnologist familiar with including writing and administering collections-related grant material culture and regional prehistory, or a biological activities. We also seek a person who can work well with anthropologist with relevant research interests. A Ph.D. is external parties, such as friends groups, potential donors, and required. Candidates having a strong record of grants and student groups to advance work with the collections. Applicants publications will be given preference. The successful candidate should have experience in management of anthropology is expected to conduct original research, obtain grants, and collections as well as administrative and interpersonal skills. disseminate knowledge of research through publications. The An advanced degree in Anthropology or Archaeology is candidate is expected to develop strategies for engaging the required (Ph.D. preferred). The closing date for receipt of Section’s superb Amazon ethnographic collections with the applications is August 21, 2006. Please send CV, list of referees, Museum’s public programming efforts. In particular, this and a letter of interest and relevant experiences to: Chair, includes evaluating the feasibility of developing a major Search Committee, Department of Anthropology, The Field permanent exhibit that explores cultural ecology and biodiversity Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496 within a scientific and interdisciplinary framework. Ability to USA. interact with diverse audiences, including educational groups, donors, trustees, fellow curators in the life and earth sciences, R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates is seeking a and anthropologists in other institutions in Pittsburgh is vital. GIS specialist in their Frederick, Maryland, office. For Further information regarding this position and the Carnegie consideration, all applicants must have, at minimum, a Museum of Natural History is available at its web site: http:// Bachelor’s degree in Anthropology, Geography, Geophysics, www.carnegiemnh.org. Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 3 Awards, Fellowships, and Training lithics, building materials, ceramics, and soil and sediment studies. Finally, the Research Fellowship in Environmental American Museum of Natural History: Graduate Studies is for individuals studying an aspect of the environment Student Fellowship Program. The Graduate Student such as archaeobotanical studies or specifically the study of Fellowship Program is an educational partnership with selected seeds, charcoal, phytoliths, pollen, etc. from archaeological universities and is dedicated to the training of Ph.D. candidates contexts in Greece. In addition to the proposed research, the in those scientific disciplines practiced at the Museum. The Fellow, as a member of the School, will be expected to university exercises educational jurisdiction over the Program contribute to the development of the Lab’s comparative or other and awards the degree. The Museum curator serves as a collections, assist with queries from excavators, offer a lecture graduate advisor, co-major professor, or major professor. The on the work undertaken while at the Lab, participate in one student benefits by having the staff and facilities of both the School trip, and contribute to seminars on aspects of university and the Museum in order to carry on his/her training archaeological science as part of the American School’s annual and research program. Joint programs are with Columbia curriculum. The deadline for applications is January 15, 2007; University, providing students opportunities in vertebrate and further details are available from the School: Dr. Sherry C. invertebrate paleontology, astrophysics, earth and planetary Fox, Director, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, sciences, and evolutionary biology; Cornell University in 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76, Athens, Greece; telephone: (+30) entomology; and City University of New York in the Evolutionary 210-72-36-313; fax: (+30) 210-72-39-281; e-mail: Biology Program. Fellowships cover stipend and health [email protected]. insurance, and awards are for one year, renewable annually for up to a maximum of four years. Both U.S. citizens and non U.S. citizens are eligible to apply. Applicants must have a bachelor’s degree and be able to fulfill university admission requirements. These may include TOEFL and Graduate Record Conference News and Announcements Examinations. Applicants should first contact the Office of Grants and Fellowships to discuss their interests, background The XVII International Union for Quaternary and eligibility for the Program. This Program is not open to Research Congress will be held in Cairns, Australia, July candidates for the Master’s Degree. Students must 28-August 3, 2007. The theme is “Quaternary Research and simultaneously apply to the Museum and to one of 4 cooperating Global Change.” Limited funds are available to assist young universities depending on field of study. Application to the scientists and students to attend the Congress. INQUA will Museum is on prescribed forms, must be postmarked by preferentially support attendees from developing countries and November 30th. Application to one of the universities should Eastern Europe, and AINSE (Australian Institute of Nuclear be made based on field of interest and submitted by the Science and Engineering) and AQUA will be able to assist university’s deadline date. Students should contact the university some Australian and New Zealand postgraduate students. to request application forms for the Ph.D. program in the Persons wishing to apply for such financial support will be appropriate field of study, and to ascertain the university deadline requested to provide their proposed abstract and other details date. Fields of study include: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, by January 31, 2007. All abstracts should be submitted by Molecular Biology/Biological Sciences/Evolutionary Biology, January 31, 2007. Submission will be electronic, via this website, Entomology, Paleontology, Earth and Environmental Sciences. and will be accessible from July 2006. Abstracts will be published For more information, please contact [email protected]. as an issue of Quaternary International and will be distributed to delegates at the Congress. A draft program outline is provided American School of Classical Studies at Athens, on the website and will be continuously updated. The program Wiener Laboratory: Research Fellowship. Each year the will include about six major plenary sessions in the main Wiener Laboratory offers four fellowships in the fields of human auditorium, together with a series of keynote addresses linked skeletal studies, faunal studies, geoarchaeology, and to topical symposia. There will be up to eight parallel sessions environmental studies. The fellowships are open to scholars of symposia and oral sessions. Except for plenary and keynote with a Ph.D. and those working on a doctoral dissertation; a addresses, oral presentations will be 15 minutes in length. Poster stipend of approximately US$15,500 to US$25,000 will be presentations will be displayed in two 3-day blocks of 400+, awarded depending on seniority and experience. Applicants separated by the mid-conference excursion. Poster authors must have a well-defined project addressing significant will be available for discussion from 1:15 to 2:45 pm each day. archaeological questions that can be undertaken in the Wiener For more information, visit the Congress web site, http:// laboratory within the academic year. The J. Lawrence Angel www.inqua2007.net.au or email [email protected]. Fellowship in Human Skeletal Studies is specifically for the study of human skeletal remains from archaeological contexts The Second Developing International in Greece; similarly, the Research Fellowship in Faunal Studies Geoarchaeology Conference will be held at the University is for the study of faunal remains from archaeological contexts of Cambridge from April 19-21, 2007. The conference will be in Greece. The Research Fellowship in Geoarchaeology is for preceded by a two-day workshop of the International individuals whose projects address significant archaeological Archaeological Soil Micromorphology Working Group. questions in areas of study which may include quarried stone, Information about the conference is available on the conference page 4 SAS Bulletin 29(3) website, at http://www.arch.cam.ac.uk/dig2007. Please let us 2006 R.E. Taylor Student know if you would like us to put you on the mailing list for the Poster Award Winners second circular of the conference by emailing us directly at: A. J. Vonarx, SAS Vice President [email protected]. for Membership Development

The XVI Groupe des Méthodes Pluridisciplinaires Please join me in congratulating the most recent winners Colloquium, Archéométrie´07, will take place April 18-21, 2007 of R.E. Taylor Student Poster Awards, sponsored by the at the Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l´Homme, Aix- Society for Archaeological Sciences. en-Provence, France. The theme is “Diffusions, Migrations, Exchanges: The Mediterranean Basin Influence.” Pre- At the Society for American Archaeology Meetings (in registration and proposed communications must be received San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 26 through 30, 2006): by September 29, 2007. For further information, contact the local organization committee at [email protected] Bryan Tucker (The University of Florida, Gainesville, aix.fr and visit the website, http://gmpca.u-bordeaux3.fr/ Anthropology) with John Krigham, “Identifying Variation in planning.html?jour=18&mois=3&annee=2007. Oxygen Isotopes from Human Dentition with Implications for Seasonal Resource Use.” The Archaeological Geology Division of the Geological Society of America announces its sponsored Susana Gonzalez (California State University Long Beach, sessions at the upcoming 59th Annual Scientific Meeting, Anthropology and Archaeological Sciences) with Gregory November 16-20, 2006, in Dallas, Texas, USA. T1. High Hodgins, George Burr, Jeffery Dean, and Hector Neff, Resolution Quaternary Records from Cave Environments: “Differences in Measureable Radicarbon Due to Latitude and Caves are geological time-capsules. When dated, they reveal Elevation.” detailed patterns of climatic, sedimentological, and hydrological changes, and botanical, faunal, and archaeological turnover. At the International Symposium on Archaeometry (Quebec Contributions from all disciplines working in caves, rock shelters, City, Canada, May 2 through 7, 2006): or karst fissures welcomed. T2. Alluvial Geoarchaeology of Large River Valleys: This session encourages contributions from Alyson M. Thibodeau (University of Arizona, Geosciences scientists that have investigated archaeology sites in large river and NSF IGERT Program in Archaeological Sciences) with valley settings. Discussions of soil stratigraphy, correlation, David J. Killick, Joaquin Ruiz, John T. Chesley, and Mark paleoenvironmental reconstruction, post-occupation burial and Baker, “Searching for the Silver Lining: Using Pb Isotopes to alteration, and newer techniques and analyses are particularly Constrain the Source of Argentiferous Galena at La Isabela.” encouraged. T3. Reconstructing Landscape Contexts of Human Occupation Surrounding Wetlands: This session will provide Hannah Koon (University of York, Biology) with M. Collins, examples of how valuable information about human activities T. Covington, and T. O’Connor, “Sorting the Butchered from in wetland and surrounding upland landscapes is obtained from the Boiled.” the analysis of soils, sediments and fossils from wetlands (lake, bog, marsh and riparian). T4. Marine Geoarchaeology: New Each student will receive a one-year membership to SAS Exploration of Sites from Coast to Shelf. Marine geoarchaeology and US$100. Thanks to all of the entrants who helped to make aims to understand human and environmental interactions during this year’s competition a great success. Special thanks to those the Holocene in now-submerged settings. New techniques and who judged at one or both of the events: Rob Tykot, Greg applications in this new interdisciplinary field will present latest Hodgins, Aaron Shugar, Adrian Burke, and Rob Sternberg. research in reconstruction of coastal and shelf settings. T5. Archaeological and Geoarchaeological Records of Natural and Human-Induced Disasters. This session explores geologic and archaeological data, as well as historical records of catastrophic events and disasters in human history including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, climate and environmental change, droughts, floods, and crises of cultural origin. T6. Geoarchaeology of Archaeological Soil Science Prehistoric Earthworks: This session encourages contributions Jane A. Entwistle, Associate Editor from researchers who have applied geoscientific methods, such as geophysics, remote sensing, soil stratigraphy, sedimentology, The application of well-established technologies from other and micromorphological analyses, to the study of prehistoric disciplines applied to geoarchaeological problems/contexts is earthworks, including mounds, mound-ridge complexes, canals, one which often provides novel and new capabilities for and moats. T61. Geology and America’s Early Wars: Geology understanding the past. One such approach is that of Pb isotope plays a critical role in every military venture. This session will analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). As examine how the American geologic setting, including Pb isotope ratios are not significantly affected by biological geomorphology, hydrology, and resources influenced the course processes, they can provide a useful fingerprint for sourcing of the Revolutionary and Civil wars, and other conflicts. both anthropogenic and geogenic Pb. Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 5 A team from Stirling (Clare Wilson, Donald Davidson), Geoarchaeology Aberdeen (Jeffrey Bacon) and York Universities (Malcolm David D. Kuehn, Associate Editor Cresser) have looked at using lead isotope ratios as a means of sourcing anthropogenic lead in archaeological soils. Whilst Over the last several years, there has been a significant the use of Pb isotopes in archaeological research is not new increase in the number of academic departments that offer (e.g., historic pollution and object provenance studies), in a structured programs in geoarchaeology. Since the early 1990’s, recent pilot study (paper in preparation) they investigate the the Archaeological Geology Division of the Geological Society possibility that Pb isotope analysis could aid interpretation of of America, initiated by George “Ripp” Rapp, has been compiling the function of structures. Initial findings suggest that analysis a list of these programs at the graduate level (http:// of Pb isotope ratios, in combination with Pb concentration data, rock.geosociety.org/arch/GSA_GRAD.htm). highlight groupings of samples (the hearth, house overburden and house floor, and the byre, kailyard and arable fields), each In 2005, 23 different universities were identified in the relating to known practices and the input and movement of directory: Northern Arizona University, University of Arkansas, materials across sites. Contact Clare Wilson for more Baylor University, Boise State University, Boston University, information ([email protected]). University of Calgary, Cornell University, University of Delaware, University of Georgia, University of Iowa, University Energy dispersive isotope-source X-ray fluorescence (ED- of Kansas, University of Maine at Orono, University of XRF) analysers are another under-utilised instrument in Massachusetts at Amherst, McMaster University, University geoarchaeological research, in spite of the fact that they are of Michigan, University of North Texas, University of North ideally suited for measuring total concentrations of a wide range Texas, Rutgers University, University of Texas, Texas A&M of elements (including all those to be considered of University, Washington University at St. Louis, University of geoarchaeological significance such as P, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Washington, and Washington State University. Ni, Cu, Pb, Sr, Pb and several REEs) in soils and sediments. One of the main benefits of using ED-XRF is that it is relatively A similar list of graduate programs in geoarchaeology has rapid (>50 samples per day) and non-destructive, requiring no been compiled by the Geoarchaeology Interest Group of the hazardous chemical reagents or time-consuming extraction Society for American Archaeology (http://www.saa.org/ procedure when samples are run as pressed powders. Speed aboutSAA/interestGroups/geoArch/gradDirectory.shtml). This and accuracy make the technique idea for initial site prospection list of programs contains seven universities that are not included and the technique provides a valuable insight into the sample in the GSA guide: University of Arizona, University of Illinois, matrix even if the primary research is based on partial University of Minnesota at Duluth, University of Minnesota- extractions. Twin Cities, University of New York City, Vanderbilt University, and University of Wisconsin. Work is currently underway looking at the information to be gained from ED-XRF analysis of soils across a historic In addition to graduate-level programs, universities landscape in Scotland (Abrahams, P.W., Entwistle, J.A. and throughout the United States and Canada are continuing a trend Dodgshon, R.A. “The Ben Lawers historic landscape project: toward the development of curricula that combine archaeology preliminary findings following the simultaneous multi-elemental and anthropological courses with those in the earth sciences at analysis of soils.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the undergraduate level. the Society of American Archaeology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April, 2006). Given the on-going debate about what constitutes In this issue of the Bulletin, I want to examine the most appropriate extraction technique for geoarchaeological undergraduate programs in geoarchaeology. The following studies, this project will also compare results gained from this information was taken from a review of individual university total analysis with a partial extraction procedure and assess department web pages. Given the rapid increase in the number the extent to which it is valuable to provide total element of programs offered, I hope to update this list regularly. information to aid interpretation of partial extraction data. Total Individuals or departments with additional information are urged compositional analysis, for example, can be of use in determining to contact Dr. David D. Kuehn, SAS Associate Editor – the extent to which elements, particularly trace elements, may Geoarchaeology, #5 Butterfield Trail, Suite F, El Paso, Texas be inherited from parent material. 79906 USA, (915) 771-7887. [email protected].

Furthermore, since partial extractions can be subject to Bryn Mawr University (Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania). The spatial and temporal variation in the potential holding capacity departments of anthropology, classical and Near Eastern of that soil for any particular fraction, results of fractionation archaeology, and geology offer a concentration in studies in archaeological contexts should be treated with the geoarchaeology, which allows students majoring in these fields same degree of caution as ‘total’ analyses, and it may well be to explore how our human ancestors interacted with past that, in order to improve the technique’s profile within the environments, and how traces of human behavior are preserved archaeological community, pedologists need to be more rigorous in the physical environment. Please consult with Professor in the application of soil geochemistry, possibly utilising a range Magee regarding this program. The geoarchaeology of extraction techniques to sufficiently characterise the soils. concentration allows students majoring in anthropology, page 6 SAS Bulletin 29(3) archaeology or geology to explore the connections among these studies branch out to investigate landscape evolution, climate fields with respect to how our human ancestors interacted with change, paleoecology, and active tectonics over the last two past environments, and how traces of human behavior are million years. Research activities include field, laboratory, preserved in the physical environment. In geology, the geographic information analysis, and modeling studies that focus geoarchaeology concentration consists of 13 courses: Geology on the timing, causes, and mechanisms of natural and 101 or 102 or 103, 202, 205, 270, 328, another 200- or 300-level anthropogenically forced climate change, and on the effects of Geology course, and 403: Chemistry 101 or 103, and 104; two past climate changes on the physical, biological, chemical, social, semesters of math, statistics or computational methods; either and economic conditions of the earth. Faculty who participate classical and Near Eastern archeology 101 or anthropology in Geoarchaeology include: David Dye, Dan Swan (Chucalissa 101; and one 200- or 300-level elective from among current Museum), Jerry Bartholomew, Paul Bodin, Randy Cox, Arch offerings in anthropology or classical and Near Eastern Johnston, Dan Larsen, Dave Lumsden, Esra Qzdenerol, Jose archaeology. Contract: Department of Classical and Near Pujol, Buddy Schweig, George Swihart, Roy Van Arsdale, Eastern Archaeology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Lensyl Urbano, and Thad Wasklewicz. Contact: David H. Dye, Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010-2899, Phone: (610) 526-5053/ Department of Earth Sciences, 001 Johnson Hall, Memphis, 5334, Fax: (610) 526-7955, http://www.brynmawr.edu/ TN 38152, Email: [email protected], Department Phone: archaeology/courses.htm. (901) 678-2177, Fax: (901) 678-2178, http://des.memphis.edu/ t_research.htm. Jacksonville State University (Jacksonville, Alabama). Jacksonville State University, Department of Geography offers University of Rhode Island (Kingston, Rhode Island). a concentration in geoarchaeology. This concentration is best The Department of Geosciences at the University of Rhode suited to students wishing to combine advanced coursework in Island offers a specialization in geoarchaeology. Two research Physical Geography and/or Geographic Techniques with applied areas are emphasized: 1. Petrographic and geochemical field and lab courses in archaeology. Geoarchaeology characterization of archaeological artifacts, debitage, and quarry Concentration. (18 hours) Combines anthropology/archaeology specimens to constrain sources, distribution patterns, trade courses with geography courses. Contact: Dr. Howard routes, and other archaeological issues. 2. Paleoclimate and Johnson, Department of Geography, College of Physical and resulting landscape development in late glacial and early post- Earth Sciences, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, glacial time using morphosequence mapping, sedimentologic Alabama 36265, [email protected], http://www.jsu.edu/ interpretation of exposures, macrofossil analysis, and dating depart/geography/geoarch.html. by radioisotopic methods. Faculty: O. Don Hermes and Jon C. Boothroyd. Collaborative faculty: William A. Turnbaugh, Prof. Lakehead University (Thunder Bay, Ontario). The of Anthropology. We also collaborate with archaeologists and Departments of Anthropology, Geography, and Geology glacial geologists from other academic institutions and the collaborate in offering an undergraduate BSc or HBSc degree federal government, as well as with contract-archaeologists. in Geoarchaeology, one of very few such undergraduate Contact: Department of Geosciences, 317 Woodward Hall, 9 programs offered in North America. This program represents East Alumni Avenue Kingston, RI 02881-2019, 401-874-2265, the application of geographical and geological concepts as well 401-874-2190 Fax, http://www.uri.edu/cels/gel_home/ as methods that aid in the interpretation of the archaeological research%20geoarch.htm. record of ancient human societies. It involves interdisciplinary studies in areas such as archaeological site formation, University of Wisconsin at La Crosse (La Crosse, paleogeography, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, Wisconsin). The Archaeological Studies Program at the chronometric dating, as well as physical and natural science University of Wisconsin at La Crosse offers a minor in applications to archaeological materials. For information on the geoarchaeology. The Geoarchaeology Minor is a 22 credit programs, course descriptions, program committee (Professors), interdisciplinary minor administered by the Department of admission requirements and academic regulations, visit the Geography and Earth Science, The minor is open to students Geoarchaeology Section of the Academic Units Section in the in the College of Liberal Studies and the College of Science LU Course Calendar. For further information, contact the and Allied Health. The course requirements for the minor are Program Co-ordinator, Dr, Matthew Boyd, Lakehead University, ARC 200, ESC 222, ARC 310, GEO/ESC 323, GEO/ESC 426, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1 Canada, GEO/ESC 343, and one course from ARC 403 or ARC 404. telephone: (807) 343-8110, fax: (807) 343-8023, website: http:/ Geography majors who select the Geoarchaeology Minor must /anthropology.lakeheadu.ca. take 18 credits in the courses listed above in addition to the 36 required for the major. Archaeological Studies majors who select University of Memphis (Memphis, Tennessee). the Geoarchaeology Minor must take 19 credits in the courses Geoarchaeology & Quaternary Studies (coordinator: David listed above in addition to the 36 required for the major. For Dye). With the merger, effective with the fall semester of 2004, more information contact: Dr. Dean G. Wilder, Department of of Archaeology faculty into the Department of Earth Sciences, Geography and Earth Science, University of Wisconsin - La we now offer a research focus in Geoarchaeology which Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, Phone: 608-785-8332, interweaves geologic techniques, GIS, remote sensing, and E-mail: [email protected], http://perth.uwlax.edu/faculty/ geophysical techniques into Archaeology research. Quaternary wilder/geoarc.htm. Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 7 Archaeological Ceramics Reviews of Books on Archaeological Ceramics Charles C. Kolb, Associate Editor Alexandre Livingstone Smith, Dominique Bosquet and Rémi The column in this issue includes seven topics: 1) Awards, Martineau (editors), Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, 2) Reviews of Books on Archaeological Ceramics, 3) New University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001: Pottery British Archaeological Reports (2005), 4) Previous Meetings, Manufacturing Processes: Reconstitution and 5) Forthcoming Meetings, 6) Internet Sites, and 7) Exhibition. Interpretation, Colloque/ Symposium 2.1. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress, British Archaeological Reports International Awards Series BAR S1349, 2005. ISBN 1841716952, £35.00/$65.00/ €54.00 (soft bound); 228 pages; illustrated throughout with Pamela B. Vandiver: The Archaeological Institute of figures, maps, plans, tables and plates; nine chapters are in America named Pamela B. Vandiver as the recipient of the English and eight are in French. The 17 contributions contained 2006 “Pomerance Award for Scientific Contributions to in this volume were presented originally at Symposium 2.1: Archaeology.” She is a pioneer in the scientific analysis of Pottery Manufacturing Processes: Reconstitution and archaeological ceramics, faience, and glass. Her work combines Interpretation at the 14th UISPP [International Union for materials science, field archaeological investigations of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences] Congress held in Liège, production sites and materials sources, the ethnographic study Belgium in September 2001. Livingstone Smith (Section of traditional crafters, and the replication of traditional Préhistoire, Musées royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, techniques. She is well-known for her studies of East Asian Belgique), Dominique Bosquet (Section Anthropologie et and Southwest Asian ceramics and is the founding organizer Préhistoire, Institut royal des Sciences naturalles de Belgique, of the Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology symposia held Bruxelles, Belgique) and Rémi Martineau (“Archaeology, regularly at the meetings of the Materials Research Society, Cultures and Societies,” University of Burgundy, Dijon, France) and has co-edited all seven of the volumes deriving from these are to be congratulated for having assembled and edited these presentations. The award read in part “after an early career significant essays on pottery analysis and interpretation. The as a potter, Professor Vandiver received a Ph.D. in materials session was dedicated to Professor Dean Arnold, Professor of science and Near Eastern studies from the Massachusetts Anthropology at Wheaton College (Illinois, USA), for his long- Institute of Technology. She then held the post of senior time contributions to ceramic studies. Livingston Smith provides research scientist in ceramics at the Smithsonian Center for an “Introduction” (pp. 5-11, 88 bibliographic citations) in which Materials Research and Education… Most recently she he discusses the scope of the symposium, namely, to assemble accepted a position at the University of Arizona as professor scholars from different backgrounds to explore recent of materials science and engineering with a joint appointment contributions to the study of ceramic technology. He briefly in the Department of Anthropology at the University of reviews concepts such as ceramic ecology and chaînes Arizona... she teaches courses on the materials science of art opératoires. Among other topics considered are laboratory and archaeological objects, and helped develop a new graduate issues, ceramic ethnoarchaeology, and new analytical tools in program in conservation science that fuses architectural history, ceramic archaeometry. A substantial section of the introductory art history, anthropology, archaeology, and materials science essay concerns methodological problems in the study and and engineering.” identification of raw materials, paste preparation analyses, shaping techniques, modes of decoration, firing techniques, and Michael Brian Schiffer: In San Juan, Puerto Rico, Michael post-fire treatments. Livingston Smith notes that the volume is Brian Schiffer (University of Arizona) received the Society divided into three unequal parts. The first emphasizes the use for American Archaeology’s 2006 “Award for Excellence in of ethnographic data (six essays), the second focuses on Archaeological Analysis.” Schiffer “has contributed significantly technical identification (two chapters), and the last concerns to the rigorous study of ceramics with a fully behavioral context, ceramic reconstruction and the interpretation of manufacturing building upon the work of Anna Shepard and Frederick Matson processes seen in archaeological pottery (nine papers). to fill the lacunae between pottery technology and what have become known as performance characteristics. In doing so, “Part I: Technical Identification and Technical Variation in he developed a theory of technological change based on a Ethnographic Data” begins with Dean Arnold’s chapter entitled performance-based life history model. In his Laboratory of “Linking Society with the Compositional Analyses of Pottery” Traditional technology, he carried out rigorous experimental (pp. 15-21, 8 figures, 28 references) in which he reminds us studies of factors such as vessel surface treatment, the effects that chemical analyses of pottery (INAA etc.) are commonly of permeability and evaporative cooling, heating effectiveness, believed to reveal the provenance of pottery, but the data from and thermal response of clay cooking pots. These studies have these analyses are, in reality, far removed from the actual resulted in new insights about firing technology and pottery’s behaviors of potters and the societies in which they live and thermal properties. Through his efforts, concepts of work. He cautions that chemical analyses frequently utilize performance characteristics, uselives, and artifactual life terminology such as “source,” “reference group,” and histories have become part of middle range theory and are “fingerprint” but he points out that the first term is geological helping human behavior to reemerge as a critical element in and the second is statistical, while “fingerprint” conveys no meaningful studies of archaeological ceramics.” social or behavioral information. Arnold uses a corpus of 845 page 8 SAS Bulletin 29(3) INAA analyses of ethnographic pottery and raw materials (Laboratoire de Préhistoire et technologie, Maison de collected from seven distinct communities in the Mexican l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, Nanterre) employs la chaîne Yucatan and Guatemala and challenges ad hoc interpretations opératoire and examines the sociocultural contexts of that employ intuitive, traditional, and physical science-based production; the study reflects previous methodologies employed concepts to interpret INAA data. He offers valuable cautionary by Arnold, Hegmon, and Miriam Stark. Despite social and tales and expresses concerns about potential biases in linguistic diversities, technological homogeneity is seen in interpretation. The data used was assembled from his 32 years thrown vessels but the study of hand-made pottery reveals of ethnographic research on Mesoamerican potters; 25 of the technical diversity that are related to learning networks. Degoy 28 references are to his own published research results. notes that ceramic ethnoarchaeology needs to examine more “Transactional Politics and the Local and Regional Exchange closely the relationships of geopolitical contexts, potters’ motor of Pottery Resources in the Ecuadorian Amazon” by Brenda habits, specific learning pattern related to each production step, Bowser (pp. 23-32, 9 figures, 32 references) focuses on and the social and symbolic values associated with the women’s domestic pottery and social identity in the community techniques and the vessel that are fabricated. of Conambo comprised of Achuar, Quichua, and Zapara peoples. Bowser was at Washington State University at Pullman Moustapha Sall (Dakar, Sénégal) contributed “Cultural but has recently become a member of the faculty at California Contacts and Technical Heritage in Senegambia” (pp. 57-66, State University at Fullerton. Following Arnold’s (1985) ceramic 8 figures, 74 references) in which he demonstrates that a ecological treatise on the costs of obtaining raw material meticulous analysis of shaping techniques illustrates a technical resources for pottery production, she delves into the areas of relationship between Sereer and Diola peoples living, social costs and benefits, rights of ownership, and access to respectively, in central and south Senegal. Sall, who studied resources that influence the selection of clays and pigment 200 potters from 40 villages, concludes that this relationship sources. Bowser examines individual transactions to evaluate derives from a cultural inheritance bequeathed by the ancestors the significance of social and spatial distance that structure of the Baïnock peoples who live on the south. Ethnographic access to resources. she notes that while geographic distance and historic data confirms Wolof cultural interbreeding and may predict the ranges of resources employed in pottery- demonstrates the influence of Mandé culture on peoples making, the procurement of the resources and the transactions inhabiting western Senegambia. He also presents information must be understood as strategic actions in the structuring of on the status of potters, transmission of knowledge, shaping social boundaries and, especially, political boundaries. and decoration, and technical variations. Ceramic specialization is evident since the 13th century and the artisans who had a Olivier Gosselain (Université Libre de Bruxelles) and production monopoly on pottery production belonged to the Alexandre Livingstone Smith (Musée royal de l’Afrique blacksmith caste in Mandé; the Wolof apparently borrowed Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique) prepared “The Sources: Clay the technique of coiling from their Sereer neighbors. A paper Selection and Processing Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa” by Agnès Gelbert (Département d’Anthropologie et d’Ecologie, (pp. 33-47, 15 figures, 80 references). They pay tribute to Dean Université de Genève, Suisse) also focuses on West Africa – Arnold’s seminal works and focus on the complexity and “Reconnaissance des techniques et des méthodes de façonnage variability of behaviors related to clay selection and processing, par l’analyse des macrotraces: étude ethnoarchéologique dans examining spatial and temporal factors of technical traditions la vallée du Sénégal (pp. 67-78, 14 figures, 2 tables, 19-item in the manufacturing process. Initially, they provide an overview bibliography). She notes that two ceramic traditions coexist in of the tools, techniques, and recipes observed in Sub-Saharan the Senegal River Valley and that these are characterized by Africa. Four modes of clay extraction are detailed and four different techniques and methods of fabrication. In order to main categories of clay processing are discussed. They also define macroscopic criteria that permit the identification of these consider the strategies that potters have devised in selecting different processes on the finished vessels, she devised a field specific clay sources, and why clays are processed in specific experiment in which diagnostic surface features were defined: ways. Lastly, they explore behaviors in space and time by hollowing a lump of clay or molding over an inverted pottery considering the dynamics and distribution of technical traditions vessel. In addition, specific methods for fashioning the body and how individual potters become innovators and modify these and coiled rim were defined; 39 photographs illustrate these behaviors. The authors clearly demonstrate that technical processes. processes, strategies, and the dynamics of technical behavior are linked in complex ways. “Part II: Methods of Technical Identification” has two chapters. The initial contribution, “Utilisation du dégraissant “Variabilité technique et identité culturelle: un cas d’étude végétal en contexte néolithique: hypothèses technologiques et ethnoarchéologique en Andhra Pradesh” by Laure Degoy (pp. Expérimentation” by Claude Sestier (Noisiel, France) (pp. 81- 49-56, 4 figures, 32-item bibliography) documents the 94, 7 figures, 2 tables, 67-item bibliography), focuses on the interrelationships between technical traditions and cultural fabrication of fiber tempered pottery which dates from the identity in the Indian Subcontinent by considering pottery-making Neolithic to the present. He rightly notes that very few communities in the state of Andhra Pradesh located in east researchers have studied fiber tempering and he presents central India. The communities have linguistic and dialectical research on the effects of vegetal temper on the workability of distinctions, and a number of subcastes are represented. Degoy clay and argillaceous loess, and kinetics of drying. Sestier Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 9 concludes that the use of vegetal tempering is a useful strategy dates are also provided. He finds a close relationship between in coping with the natural variability of raw clays, especially temper selection and morphological characteristics and actual when the natural properties are problematic for pottery vessel use. The absence of a link between vessel types and fabrication. He has assembled archaeological and ethnographic the kind and amount of temper that was added to the paste information about the use of fiber temper in Table 1 and presents suggests that techno-functional constraints did not influence unpublished data on his experimental research on the workability the specific temper choice made by these Middle Neolithic of various clay and fiber combinations; the microphotographs potters. are particularly revealing. Bruce Velde (Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris) prepared Gwenaëlle Hamon and Guirec Querre (both Laboratoire a brief paper entitled “Use of Image Analysis in Determining d’Anthropologie, CNRS, Rennes, France) and Jean-Gabriel Multi-Source Ceramic Materials” (pp. 95-99, 3 figures, 4-item Aubert Laboratoire Arc’Antique, Nantes, France) coauthored bibliography). He demonstrates how very simple imaging “11) Techniques de fabrication de céramiques du Néolithique techniques employing photographs of petrographic thin sections moyen I en Armorique (France)” ( (pp. 127-138, 5 figures, 2 of ceramic sherds allows an observer to determine the tables, 33-item bibliography). Employing data from Middle homogeneity of “grit” distribution in a ceramic body and discern Neolithic I funerary contexts, they report on rounded bottom grain size populations.. His method uses grain size distribution pots, bowls, and beakers – all of which have a similar curves that show regular, natural distributions and additions of morphology with an elliptical shape and ovoid mouth. Using grits by other methods. The information derived from this chaîne opératoire analytical techniques, the authors examine procedure can assist in determining if possible multi-source data on the acquisition and processing of raw materials and clays were used to produce a ceramic artifact. The method the fabrication processes employed by the Neolithic potters. was applied to ceramics from the workshop of Bernard Palissy Petrographic thin section analyses of sherds was undertaken in Paris and third century Gaulo-Roman table ware from a kiln and summarized (detailed results are not presented) and digital excavated in Paris. radiographs were created (seven images are depicted). Their analyses confirmed the use of coil building, paddle and anvil, “Part III: Reconstruction and Interpretation of Pottery and molding techniques separately and in combination. Manufacturing Processes in Archaeological Contexts” contains “Exemples de reconstitutions des chaînes opératoires des nine contributions. In “La chaîne opératoire de la céramique poteries du Néolithique Moyen II dans la moitié nord de la rubanée: première tentative de reconstitution” (pp, 103-114, 9 France: (pp. 139-146, 8 figures, 9-item bibliography) was figures, 2 tables, 41-item bibliography), Dominique Bosquet prepared by Caroline Colas (INRAP/UMR, Archéologie et (Section Anthropologie et Préhistoire, Institut royal des Sciences Sciences de l’Antiquité, section Protohistorique européene, naturalles de Belgique), Heike Fock (Direction de l’Archéologie Vendresse-Beaulne, France). Based on her analysis of 1,000+ de la Région wallonne, Herstal, Belgique), and Alexandre vessels (primarily from coastal west-central and northwestern Livingston Smith (Section Préhistoire, Musées royal de l’Afrique France), the author focuses on the reconstruction of several Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique) focus on data collected from six Middle Neolithic II pottery manufacturing traditions with full newly excavated LBK Neolithic sites located on the Bruxelles- knowledge that choices off materials and behaviors are Liège TGV high-speed railway right-of-way. The data permitted interdependent. The research results demonstrate new insights the reconstruction of the pottery chaîne opératoire (utilizing on the relationships of chaîne opératoire variables and group ethnographic and archaeological paradigms) and provided new cohesion and enlighten us as to the potters’ technical knowledge insights into Neolithic ceramic production. The initial research and the choices they made during the fabrication processes. results reported here focus on chaîne opératoire ceramic The disappearance of impressed decoration and the selection reconstruction based on materials from a single pit from an of specific tempers may reveal relationships between site isolated house at the LKB site of Remicourt “En Bia Flo” II clusters that are not readily discerned. (Liège Province). The authors characterize 18 distinct chaînes opératoires using raw material selection and preparation “Identification of the Beater and Anvil Technique in methods along with some shaping elements (Table 1). There Neolithic Context: Experimental Approach” (pp. 147-156, 11 are 38 excellent cross-section images of pastes and inclusions figures, 26-item bibliography) by Rémi Martineau (“Archaeology, that also detail firing cores. They also present a series of Cultures and Societies,” University of Burgundy, Dijon, France) thoughtful questions regarding their observations. “Techno- presents a summary of pottery forming techniques and then Functional Aspects of a Middle Neolithic Pottery Assemblage focuses on the beater and anvil technique for Neolithic and (Spiere “De Hel”, Belgium”(pp. 115-125, 6 figures, 1 table, 34 Protohistoric pottery fabrication. The chaîne opératoire references) by Bart Vanmontfort (Laboratorium voor approach is employed to discern methods for the identification Prehistoire, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium) of pottery forming techniques in 640 vessels; macro- and presents an analysis of temper types and choices made by microscopic observations are made on internal and external Middle Neolithic potters. In general, flint and fibrous organics surfaces and cross-sections. Data from two Neolithic contexts, were employed as temper. Vanmontfort also looks at techno- Clairvaux/ Ferrières culture (Jura, France), and the Cèze- functional and morpho-technological variability using data Ardèche facies of Ferrières culture (Ardèche, France), are derived from 350 kg of pottery (and 62 identified vessels and employed. In some instances, primarily in secondary forming, 10 morphological groups) from Spire “De Hel”; radiocarbon beating was applied to vessels without using the anvil. page 10 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Simonpietro di Pierro (Géosciences, Minéralogie et A. Garcea ((Università di Cassino, Laboratorio di Archeologia, Pétrographie, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Suisse), Robert Cassino, Italy) prepared “Comparing Chaînes Opératoires: Michel (Service Archéologique Cantonale de Neuchâtel, Technological, Cultural and Chronological Features of Pre- Neuchâtel, Suisse), and Rémi Martineau (“Archaeology, Pastoral and Pastoral Ceramic and Lithic Production” (pp. 215- Cultures and Societies”; University of Burgundy, Dijon, France) 228, 3 figures, 2 tables, 57-item bibliography). Garcea employs contributed “Matériaux et types céramiques à Saint-Blaise, data from prehistoric contexts in the Libyan Sahara to compare station néolithique suisse (2770-2626 av. J.-C.). Poterie and contrast ceramic and lithic raw materials and production exogène et production locale” (pp. 157-177, 10 figures, 11 tables, techniques, and discern chaînes opératoire. Raw material 44-item bibliography). The authors focus on 92 Neolithic procurement, assessment, preparation, production, finishing, use ceramic specimens from Saint Blaise, Neuchâtel Lake, western and discard are defined. Petrographic analysis determined two Switzerland that date 2770-2626 BCE. Thin section ceramic ceramic groups: granite-derived and sandstone-derived petrography and chemical analyses (n = 101) by XRD and inclusions. The lithics were fine-grained sandstone, black chert, XRF were undertaken and permitted the identification of three schist, and quartz. Major variations are noted in the chaînes pottery groups. Splendid thin section illustrations are included opératoires when a pastoral subsistence economy is adopted. in the chapter. A specific group of ten vessels corresponded to Parallel behaviors and traditions in the production of ceramics a specific house at the settlement and were characterized for and lithics were observed, and chronological and cultural Sr and Ba chemical content. This group is consistent with the diversities were discerned in the Late Acacus and Pastoral exploitation of a specific clay source. Another group of 15 cultural horizons, and different needs and traditions are vessels was characterized by MgO content. and related to the recognizable in technological production. “Corded Ceramic” culture which is centered in eastern Switzerland. However, the petrographic and chemical The initial two papers, presented by Arnold and Bowser, composition of this group is also similar to contemporary pottery exemplify ceramic ethnoarchaeological approaches and the use made in Portalban, located 15 km from the excavation site. of the ceramic ecological paradigm. Arnold offers important The results suggest patterns of exchange between Neolithic cautions for archaeological ceramic interpretations based on communities of the “Corded Ceramic” culture. more than three decades of research; Bowser takes Arnold distance to resources data and injects a compelling assessment “Perception stylistique et technologie céramique: of social costs and benefits, issues of ownership, and access to reconstitution et interprétation des techniques de façonnage resources that influence the selection of raw material resources. des poteries archéologiques de Koumbi Saleh (Mauritanie, IX Four other papers in this ethnographic section (Gosselain and ème -XV ème siècles)” (pp. 179-199, 16 figures, 5 tables, 83- Livingstone Smith, Degoy, Sall, and Gelbert) often reference item bibliography) was authored by Barbara van Dooselaere Arnold’s contributions and provide useful ceramic ethnographic (UMR, Arscan Recherches sur l’Afrique, Nanterre, France). perspectives on Sub-Saharan and West Africa and eastern Ceramics from the urban center of Koumbi Saleh, Mauritania, India. All of these essays provide important new data on west Africa were traditionally studied using chronotypological contemporary pottery-making in traditional contexts. The two methods and published previously (Berthier 1997), but van technical papers (Sestier and Velde) are, likewise, valuable Dooselaere now reports her new stylistic analysis of a contributions. Sestier provides salient and compelling reference group of ceramics from the site utilizing chaîne information on fiber tempering, a notably understudied but opératoire. She reviews the characteristics of the site and the important topic. Velde provides a novel approach to the potential ceramic assemblage, and details her methodological procedures identification of ceramic sources in an assemblage. In the (macro- and microscopic). Chaînes opératoires are presented section on reconstructing and interpreting the manufacturing for three distinct chronological phases and for the overall processes used in fabricating vessels, six of the nine papers timeframe. “Identifying Social Entities at a Macro-Regional focus on the Neolithic in Western Europe (two contributions Level: Chalcolithic Ceramics of South Levant as a Case Study” relate Belgian materials, two others focus on French contexts, (pp. 201-214, 7 figures, 3 tables, 39 references) by Valentine and one documents a Swiss perspective). The authors (Bosquet Roux (Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, Nanterre, et al., Vanmontfort, Hamon et al., Colas, Martineau, and Di France) and Marie-Agnès Courty (CNRS-IPH, Centre Pierro et al) emphasize chaînes opératoires in their approaches, Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques, Tautaval, France). demonstrating the influences of Livingstone Smith. The other The authors sorted a Levantine Chalcolithic ceramic assemblage contributions by van Dooselaere (Islamic-era Mauritania), Roux dating 3800-3500 BCE from ten sites into, successively, and Courty (the Chalcolithic Levant), and Garcea (“Neolithic” technical, techno-petrographic, and morpho-stylistic criteria and southwestern Libya) employ chaînes opératoires with a touch then compared these classifications at a macro-regional scale. of ceramic ecology (Arnold and Balfet) in two of the essays. Two distinct technological traditions were defined; a The more we read about the application of and resulting analyses predominant one that is indicative of inter-site variability and a using chaînes opératoires, the more this reviewer sees the minor one that shows homogeneity across the sites. They similarities and overlap with ceramic ecology. The latter seems contend that these two technical entities correspond to distinct to take into account more diverse environmental factors (see social entities characterized by a specific status of the finished C. C. Kolb, “The Symposium ‘Technological Choices in Ceramic products and specific modalities of production. Sedentary Production’-Perspectives from Ceramic Ecology, Archaeology and versus itinerant potters are also potentially identified. Elena A. Ethnoarchaeology,” Archaeometry 43(2):273-277, 2001). Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 11 The editors’ goal was assemble scholars from different Canada, England, and Hong Kong, and conducted on-site backgrounds to explore recent contributions to the study of conservation at the Museum’s Early Copan Acropolis Project ceramic technology and in this regard, the symposium and in Honduras, and previously at Tille Höyük and Troy (Turkey) resulting publication is successful; examples using ceramic and ‘Ain Ghazal and Tell el-Hayyat (Jordan). Research ecology and chaînes opératoires are presented, but it is only in Associate Elin C. Danien is in the American Section of the Gosselain and Livingstone Smith’s essay that the two are University of Pennsylvania Museum and wrote her dissertation somewhat blended. The papers are very readable and thought- at Penn on the museum’s collection of Chamá polychrome provoking, providing much new data and valuable assessments. ceramics, The Chama Polychrome Ceramic Cylinders in The However, Some of the papers methodologically might be University of Pennsylvania Museum, unpublished Ph.D. characterized as “preaching to the choir.” To diversify the dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (1998). presentations on the reconstruction and the interpretation of See also http://www.mayavase.com/com593.htm. manufacturing processes seen in archaeological pottery a future colloquium might include practitioners of archaeo-ceramology The polychrome pottery that is the subject of this book who published in The Leiden Journal of Pottery Studies (since was crafted in a unique style that emerged suddenly flowered 2004), a continuation of the former Newsletter of the briefly in the early 8th century AD, and within 50 years ceased Department of Pottery Technology (Leiden University), to be made. The Chamá artists, whose control of color, line, notably Abraham van As. In addition, ceramology researchers and composition has been admired by collectors as well as from the Laboratory for Ceramic Research, Department of curators, were also appreciated by other ancient Maya artists, Quaternary Geology University of Lund, such as Anders Lindahl who placed pictures of Chamá-style vessels in the narrative and Ole Stilborg who edited The Aim of Laboratory Analyses scenes painted on other polychromes. Yet almost nothing is in Archaeology, Conference proceedings, Lund, April 7-9 known archaeologically about this Maya site, its people, the 1995. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien, reasons for the ceramic florescence, or for its demise. Grant Konferenser 34. Uppsala: Lund University. J. Mª. Gurt i and Danien help elucidate answers to these mysteries. Esparraguera, J. Buxeda i Garrigós, and M. A. Cau Ontiveros who edited LRCW I: Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking The book is structured as follows: Foreword, Preface, five Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology chapters with a Glossary, Related Reading, Index, and “About and Archaeometry (Oxford, UK: British Archaeological the Authors.” The initial brief chapter, “Of Pottery and Reports BAR S1340, 2005) or some participants from that Preservation,” by Danien provides a context for this excavation conference might also enliven such a symposium. A few of this corpus of polychrome vessels. The Maya Vase researchers who study ceramics from the Puebloan area of Conservation Project involved the conservation and the North American Southwest might also be added to the mix. documentation of 19 Maya vessels fabricated at or near the site of Chamá, province of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, ca. 700 A minor issue: there is a lack of standardization and CE. These vessels were excavated in 1916-1917 on behalf of consistency in the use of citation methods, inconsistent the Museum’s Director, George Byron Gordon, by Robert James capitalization, the completeness of references cites (missing Burkitt, an 1891 engineering graduate of Harvard University volume or page numbers), and obvious typographical errors who worked at the archaeological site of Copan, Honduras in mostly in the bibliographies or references cited (for example, 1894, became enamored of Central America, and never left. Neft, p. 21 should be is Neff), but these are readily discerned. Burkitt, Danien relates, purchased vessels from farmers and Nonetheless, despite the few caveats, the volume is a splendid workmen, and did his best to locate the actual archaeological contribution to our understanding of ceramics and the diverse sites and contexts. At Chamá, then a coffee plantation owned methods we employ to study this unique material culture. The by Ebenezer Cary, Burkitt was able to excavate portions of symposium and resulting volume remain well-deserved tribute two mounds, recovering fragmented polychrome vessels. Other to our colleague Dean Arnold (a friend for four decades). sites along the Chixoy River were also tested. Danien includes very interesting excerpts from Burkett’s correspondence, while The Maya Vase Conservation Project by Lynn A. Grant with Lynne Grant begins each chapter with a quotation from Burkitt’s contributions by Elin C. Danien. Philadelphia: University of writing. Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2006. 128 pp., 96 text figures, glossary, references, index; 280 CD- With Chapter 2, “The Need for Conservation,” Grant ROM color figures; ISBN 1-931707-87-1, $29.95 (hardbound). discusses the tasks of archaeological conservation, noting that The author and her colleague are both on the staff of the this work involves two classes of materials: those that have University Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and come directly from archaeological contexts and have received Anthropology, and collaborated in producing this unique volume. little or no previous treatment, and those that have been in Conservator Lynn A. Grant, who holds a B.A. in Classical museum collections and have had previous restoration. The Studies from Mount Allison University (Sackville, New latter is the class to which the Chamá vases belong, having Brunswick) and a degree in Archaeological Conservation from been subjected to some “restoration” in 1917 and late 1949 or the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, came to early 1950. She further considers the initial condition of the the University of Pennsylvania Museum’s Conservation vessels, limitations of the older restoration materials, and current Laboratory in 1988. She has worked as a conservator in procedures and methods of object conservation. page 12 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Grant’s subsequent chapter reviews “New Technologies information on provenience, dimensions, description, initial for Conservation and Archaeology” and emphasizes residue condition, etc. There are also topical considerations (the numbers analysis, multispectral imaging, and new digital photographic of vessels involved in each topic are in parentheses): cleaning procedures. She reminds the reader that these vessels were (4), consolidation (4), delamination (1), desalinization (2), not decorative objects but were made to be used; hence, LC/ disassembly 4), facing (1), filling (4), mending (6), multispectral MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) was employed imaging (2), photocomposites 6), post-firing holes (1), previous by W. Jeffrey Hurst (Hershey Foods Corporation) on residues restorations (6), spalls (1), and ultraviolet examination (1). This obtained from six vessel interiors. Two had traces of unique, compellingly written, and insightful volume gives the theobromine and caffeine, confirmation that they held cacao reader a behind-the-scenes perspective on a highly significant liquid, which is not surprising since the Chamá region has a but little-known aspect of archaeological research – the tasks microclimate suitable for the cultivation of cacao and was a undertaken by the archaeological conservator whose dedication, producer for more than 1,200 years. Gene Ware (Brigham attention to detail, and skills enable the reconstruction of Young University) employed multispectral analysis to help fragmented objects. The conservation and preservation of this assess slips and material identification, and created material culture ultimately enables the scholarly interpretation photocomposites. Digital photographs were taken using a Nikon of these important artifacts. The book and CD combined is a Coolpix 990. unique and valuable instructional tool for archaeologists, art historians, and conservators, as well as the lay person interested In Chapter 4 (pp. 39-80), Grant details nine specific in issues of ceramic conservation. conservation treatments: Examination and initial documentation, disassembly, consolidation, desalinization in deionized water, New British Archaeological Reports (2005) cleaning with cotton wool swabs and solvents (often water), mending (using Paraloid B-72), gap-filling, inpainting, and final The Roman Stamped Tiles of Vindonissa (1st Century documentation. Dissassembly involved the use of Fourier A.D., Northern Switzerland) Provenance and technology Transform Infrared Spectrometry to identify adhesives and of the production – an archaeometric study by Folco thereby indicate what solvents might be employed. Gap-filling Giacomini, BAR S1449, 2005. ISBN 1841718858, £25.00. 84 using Plaster of Paris is done to preserve structural integrity pp.; illustrated throughout with figures, maps, plans, tables and and for cosmetic reasons, while inpainting is undertaken using illustrations. Abstracts are in French and German. This work materials that cannot be confused with the original object (the presents an archaeometric study on the Vindonissa stamped accompanying CD provides images showing the before and tiles. Vindonissa (Canton of Aargau, Switzerland) was an after treatments). The final chapter, “The Conservator’s Eye,” important Roman camp during the 1st century AD. With Grant relates the kinds of information that can be discerned Vindonissa stamped tiles, archaeologists refer to all tiles stamped when working closely with an object. These include a partial with the name of the military units that were stationed at fingerprint preserved in a vessel’s slip, an inappropriate “repair” Vindonissa from 47 to 101 AD. These tiles are among the most of mending holes, and evidence of potters’ construction methods common archaeological findings in the Vindonissa legionary (fractures and delamination are important sources of camp, but commonly occur in different Roman sites of information). Switzerland. The principal aim of this study was the petrographic and chemical characterization of the Vindonissa tiles to In summary, the author explains the conservation process determine the production site (or sites) for these ceramics and in lay terms, discussing why conservation is necessary, how it to obtain information concerning the technological aspects of is undertaken, what materials are used, and what the results the tile production and the distribution of these stamped tiles in are. The clearly written narrative, with 96 full-color photographs Switzerland during Roman times. illustrating the steps of the process to complement the text, includes such topics as the importance of the pots to Maya Geographies of Power: Understanding the Nature of studies, their early excavation history, why they needed Terminal Classic Pottery in the Maya Lowlands, edited by conservation, what the conservation process entails, how Sandra L. López Varela and Antonia E. Foias, BAR S1447, conservators do what they do and why, and special 2005. ISBN 1841718831, £33.00, ii + 188 pp.; illustrated documentation techniques including multispectral imaging and throughout with figures, maps, plans, tables and illustrations. residue analysis. Twelve contributors present the contents of the Terminal Classic (the Mayan Lowlands, Central America) ceramic complexes While the book focuses on the conservation effort rather in their area of study, and discuss them against the complexity than the individual vessels, the accompanying splendid CD with and diversity of social processes illuminated by recent 280 full-color images, illustrates each of the vessels before, investigations. Contents: An Introduction to Geographies of during, and after treatment. The volume has 99 figures (most Power (Sandra L. López Varela and Antonia E. Foias); A in color), a Glossary with 46-items, Related Reading (14 print Survey of Terminal Classic Ceramic Complexes and Their items plus 9 Websites), and a 2.5-page double column Index of Socioeconomic Implications (Donald W. Forsyth); Fine Paste conflated topics and proper nouns. The CD contains before, Wares and the Terminal Classic in the Petexbatun and Pasion during, and after images of the conservation treatments. The Regions, Peten, Guatemala (Antonia E. Foias and Ronald L. entries on each of the 19 individual specimens include Bishop); Dynamics of Engagement in the Usumacinta River Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 13 Valley and the Coastal Plains of Tabasco: Traversing Terminal periodization, tempo of cultural development, cultural contacts, Classic Hypotheses (Sandra L. López Varela); The communities and migrations. This book will be of interest to a broad cross- of the Holmul river drainage at the periphery of Tikal during section of readers: those interested in the history, technology, the terminal classic and the identification of a distinctive and functions of pottery — those who appreciate the attention micaceous paste component (Vilma Fialko); Contextualizing it pays to ecology, context and process in the innovation and the Collapse Hegemony and Terminal Classic Ceramics from diversification of traditions; those who seek to expand the utility Caracol, Belize (Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase); of pottery as a tool in archaeological synthesis and interpretation; Continuity and Change in the Ceramic Complex of Xunantunich and those who pursue specific interests in the cultural history during the Late and Terminal Classic Periods (Lisa J. LeCount); of eastern Asia. It also offers the international community an Terminal Classic Pottery Production in the Ulúa Valley, interesting window on some of the ways in which Russian Honduras (Jeanne L. Lopiparo, Rosemary A. Joyce, and Julia archaeologists conceptualize their subject matter. A. Hendon); Pushing the Limits: Late to Terminal Classic Settlement and Economies on the Northern Belize Coast The Development of Pottery Technology from the Late (Shirley Boteler Mock); Western Puuc Sociopolitical and Sixth to the Fifth Millennium B.C. in Northern Jordan: Community Organization as Viewed through Terminal Classic Ethno- and Archaeological Studies: Abu Hamid as a key Ceramics (Lorraine A. Williams-Beck); Late and Terminal site by Nabil Ali, BAR S1422, 2005. ISBN 1841718610, £30.00. Classic Puuc Ceramics as seen from Xkipché (Michael Vallo); x + 118 pp. 12 tables; 104 figures, maps, plans, drawings and Future Directions in the Study of Terminal Classic Ceramics: photographs; abstract in German. This study is divided into Some Brief Comments (Jeremy A. Sabloff). two main parts. Part one presents the ethnoarchaeological study that has been conducted on (late-Sixth to Fifth Millennium BC) Prehistoric Pottery-Making of the Russian Far East by pottery production in northern Jordan (the Ajlun Mountain area). Irina S. Zhushchikhovskaya (edited by Richard L. Bland and It includes the location and environmental setting of the study C. Melvin Aikens), BAR S1434, 2005. ISBN 184171870X, area, the context of pottery production with reference to potters’ £32.00. ix + 171 pp.; 89 figures, maps, plans, tables, drawings socio-economic contexts, and their identity. It also includes the and photographs. Zhushchikhovskaya is a member of the context of pottery production and a description of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Division, technological traditions that have been identified among the Vladivostok. This is an original work of synthesis, expressly potters. Chapters 4 and 5 have been devoted to measuring and written for an international audience and not previously explaining the causes of technological similarities as well as published in Russian. Before the research of quite recent years, differences in the potters’ out-put. Part 2 documents the the Incipient Jomon pottery vessels of Japan had clear claim to archaeological study, including a description of the site of Abu the distinction of being “first in the world,” with an age of Hamid and its environmental setting. Moreover, it presents the about 13,000 radiocarbon years, or close to 15,000 calendar chronology and the sequence of occupation at the site, as well years ago. Now many comparably early dates have appeared as the spatial and temporal contexts of the sampled pottery in the Russian Far East as well, and impressive though currently sherds. Further, it presents morphological and metric less well-documented dates for early pottery are also appearing descriptions of the pottery assemblages. Chapters 8 and 9 are in China, Korea, and other countries. The present work shows devoted to the identification of archaeological pottery forming that it may be quite some time now before any question of techniques and the measuring of the technical variations among “first” can be resolved, as continuing discoveries show quite them. The last chapter presents the explanations of these comparably early pottery appearing over an increasingly broad technical variations. front in eastern Asia. Obviously there were processes at work that were general in scope, and certainly not accidental. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 63: Zhushchikhovskaya goes to the heart of this matter with her Traditions céramiques, Identités et Peuplement en synthesis of the current evidence from the Russian Far East, Sénégambie Ethnographie comparée et essai de which pays close attention to the environmental circumstances reconstitution historique by Moustapha Sall, BAR S1407, in which early pottery appears. Equally, she pays close attention 2005. ISBN 1841718505, £30.00. viii + 158 pp.; 82 figures, to the properties of raw materials and the mechanics of shaping maps, plans, drawings and photographs; 14 tables. In French. and firing. Ethnographic observations on aboriginal pottery- This study determines the possible connections between the making and other craft processes contribute importantly as various ceramic traditions of Senegal and Gambia, with special well. Zhushchikovskaya’s account of the earliest pottery is only references to identities and histories of the current populations the beginning of her work. In later chapters she goes on to in these areas. trace the development of the early Russian traditions down through additional millennia of environmental and cultural change La cerámica medieval sevillana (siglos XII al XIV). La to the Iron Age, addressing the relations of pottery-making to producciòn trianera by Manuel Vera Reina and Pina López socio-economic structures, and the range of structures reflected Torres, BAR S1403, 2005. ISBN 1841718440, £41.00. 331 pp.; in pottery-making itself. Her concluding discussion sums up 5 maps and plans (one in color); 10 plates; catalogues of finds, the implications of particular Russian evidence for understanding inscriptions, typologies. In Spanish. A detailed study of contexts the role that the study of pottery-making plays in archaeologists’ and ceramic finds from mediaeval Seville, including a catalogue efforts to trace cultural continuities and discontinuities, of over 250 entries of ceramic finds. page 14 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, papers from the general sessions of Section 2 (Archaeometry) Belgium, 2-8 September 2001 2 Pottery Manufacturing of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, Processes: Reconstitution and Interpretation Acts of the 2-8 September 2001, including: (1) Datation par les séries de XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 l’uranium (U-Th) et la résonance paramagnétique électronique September 2001, Colloque/ Symposium 2.1, edited by (RPE) combines du gisement paléolithique de la grotte du Portel Alexandre Livingstone Smith, Dominique Bosquet and Rémi Ouest (Ariège, France): Résultats preliminaries (H. Tissoux, Martineau, BAR S1349, 2005. ISBN 1841716952, £35.00, 228 R. Vézian, H. de Lumley, J. J. Bahain, C. Falguères); (2) pages; illustrated throughout with figures, maps, plans, tables Datation ESR/U-Th de dents des niveaux moustériens de and plates. In English and French. Symposium 2.1 (Pottery Beauvais et de Bettencourt: Étude comparative (V. Michel, Y. Manufacturing Processes: Reconstitution and Interpretation) Yokoyama, J.-L. Locht); (3) Inferences and Limitations in from the 14th UISPP Conference held in Liège, Belgium, 2001. Chipped-Stone Modeling: Learning from an Contents: 1) Linking Society with the Compositional Analyses Ethnoarchaeological Case (Threshing-Sledge Production in of Pottery (Dean Arnold); 2) Transactional Politics and the Thessaly, Greece) (L. Karimali); (4) In-Depth Study of Copper- Local and Regional Exchange of Pottery Resources in the Based Artefacts: What can be Hidden Behind the Patina? (L. Ecuadorian Amazon (Brenda Bowser); 3) The Sources: Clay Garenne-Marot); (5) Analysis of Potsherd Residues and Vessel Selection and Processing Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Use in Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Groups (Pampean Region, (Olivier Gosselain and Alexandre Livingstone Smith); 4) Argentina) (M. I. Gonzalez de Bonaveri, M.M. Frère); (6) Variabilité technique et identité culturelle: un cas d’étude L’épaule néandertalienne: identique ou différente de celle de ethnoarchéologique en Andhra Pradesh (Laure Degoy); 5) l’homme moderne? (J.-L. Voisin); (7) Lithic Products Analysis, Cultural Contacts and Technical Heritage in Senegambia Raw Materials and Technology in the Prehistoric Settlement (Moustapha Sall); 6) Reconnaissance des techniques et des of the River Palmones (Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain)(S. Domínguez- méthodes de façonnage par l’analyse des macrotraces: étude Bella, J. Ramos Muñoz, V. Castañeda, E. García, M. Sánchez, ethnoarchéologique dans la vallée du Sénégal (Agnès Gelbert); G. Jurado); (8) Towards an Atlas of Prehistoric (Non-Metallic) 7) Utilisation du dégraissant végétal en contexte néolithique: Raw Materials in the Carpathian Basin (K. T. Biró, P. Scharek, hypothèses technologiques et Expérimentation (Claude Sestier); G. Szakmány). 8) Use of Image Analysis in Determining Multi-Source Ceramic Materials (Bruce Velde); 9) La chaîne opératoire de la Previous Meetings céramique rubanée: première tentative de reconstitution (Dominique Bosquet et al.); 10) Techno-Functional Aspects of The First World Congress “Trypillian Civilization” was a Middle Neolithic Pottery Assemblage (Spiere “De Hel”, held in Kyiv, 7-11 October 2005. One of the papers, Belgium) (Bart Vanmontfort); 11) Techniques de fabrication “Peculiarities of Radiocarbon Dating of Ancient Archaeological de céramiques du Néolithique moyen I en Armorique (France) Pottery” was authored by N. Kovalyukh, V. Skripkin, and M. (Gwenaëlle Hamon et al.); 12) Exemples de reconstitutions Videiko (Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of NAS of des chaînes opératoires des poteries du Néolithique Moyen II Ukraine, Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of NAS of Ukraine, dans la moitié nord de la France (Caroline Colas); 13) Kiev, Ukraine). An abstract of this paper appears at http:// Identification of the Beater and Anvil Technique in Neolithic www.trypillia.com/articles/eng/re2.shtml; a revised paper Context : Experimental Approach (Rémi Martineau); 14) abstract in English follows: The lack of radiocarbon dates for Matériaux et types céramiques à Saint-Blaise, station néolithique most monuments from the Neolithic epoch represents the suisse (2770-2626 av. J.-C.). Poterie exogène et production principal impediment for a body of problems to be considered. locale (Simonpietro di Pierro et al.); 15) Perception stylistique “These problems relate directly to genesis of either culture, et technologie céramique : reconstitution et interprétation des division of studied culture into periods, as well as to their techniques de façonnage des poteries archéologiques de synchronisation in temporal correlation.” This results from the Koumbi Saleh (Mauritanie, IX ème -XV ème siècles) (Barbara fact that the cultural layers enclosing Neolithic monuments van Dooselaere); 16) Identifying Social Entities at a Macro- consist of partially wooded steppe and steppe landscape zones Regional Level: Chalcolithic Ceramics of South Levant as a which retain organic materials suitable for radiocarbon dating. Case Study (Valentine Roux et Marie-Agnès Courty); 17) Wood, coal and bone materials in the aerated soil are subjected Comparing Chaînes Opératoires: Technological, Cultural and to intensive microbiological destruction. As this takes place, Chronological Features of Pre-Pastoral and Pastoral Ceramic the main archaeological finds become stone implements and and Lithic Production (Elena Garcea). pottery fragments. Various kinds of pottery come into widespread use in the area of Eastern Europe at the end of Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, VII-VI BC millennia. The production of early pottery was allied Belgium, 2-8 September 2001, Section 2: Archéométrie/ to the technologies wherein the admixtures of organic origin Archaeometry General sessions and posters. Acts of the (grass, chaffed straw, fluvial and lacustrine ooze and droppings) XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 were used in addition to clayey component for plasticity and September 2001, edited by Le Secrétariat du Congrès (Mark strength. The organic admixtures dominated in the primary Van Stryndonck and Alexandre Livingstone-Smith, Alexandre), pottery pasty mass and came to tens of percent. Carbon content BAR S1270, 2004. ISBN 1841716235, £25.00; illustrated represented by coal inclusions after pottery annealing forms throughout with figures, maps, plans, plates and drawings. Eight mostly 0, 6-2 % in the mass total weight. An aluminosilicate Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 15 matrix protects this carbon from oxidation and pollution by Theresa McReynolds and Joseph Herbert “Woodland-Era Clay humic acids. Under these conditions, the radiocarbon dating of Procurement in the Carolinas: A Chemical and Mineralogical pottery fragments is a unique way for authentic correlation Study of Ceramics and Raw Clays.” between obtained radiocarbon dates and concrete cultural phenomenon. Several series of pottery from early Neolithic Poster Session: Ceramic Analysis: Michelle Croissier “An cultures of Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland have been dated in Integrative Approach for Determining Ceramic Provenance the Kiev Radiocarbon Laboratory with new technologies applied and Technology”; Angela Collins “Revealing Wheel-thrown to carry-out primary processing and synthesis of calculations. Gray Ware in Batavo-Romano Netherlands”; Shirley Boteler There are “tens of dates” for Tripolye, Dnieper-Donets and Mock and Eleanor Harrison-Buck “Refining the Bennyhoff Bug-Dniester, cultures and otherwise. Radiocarbon dates on Ceramic Sphere: A New Look at Changes” [not presented]; the pottery are in good agreement with 14Ñ dating on other María del Rosario Domínguez, Manuel Eduardo Espinosa and organic material (fossil bone, coal) and archaeological William Joseph Folan “Ceramic Production in and around the prerequisites for each specific monument. Regional State of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico”‘ Robert Bowers, Robert Tykot, Anne Underhill, Fengshi Luan and Hui The 71st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Fang “Phytolith Analysis of Ceramics from Liangchengzhen, Archaeology was held in San Juan, Puerto Rice from 26-30 Shandong, China”; Yukiko Tonoike “Beyond Style: April 2006. Most sessions were held at the Puerto Rico Petrographic Analysis of Dalma Ceramics in Two Regions of Convention Center which opened in November 2005, others Iran”; Craig Fertelmes “Developing a Standard Protocol for were at the Caribe Hilton. The final registration was just over Estimating Vessel Orifices from Prehistoric Southwest Rim 5,000 (including paid guests, exhibitors, and vendors). Sherds” [not presented]; Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, Steven Approximately 3,500 oral papers and poster presentations were R. Mack and Jun Ueno Sunseri “Incised Pottery from the given during this meeting; at least 122 were on ceramic Northeastern Pueblo Periphery: Technology, Dating, and materials (98 papers and 24 posters). Because some sessions Implications for Taos Valley Pueblo Origins”; Sophia Kelly— were scheduled simultaneously during the same time periods The Role of Glazewares in Pueblo IV Period Zuni Ritual or were given in scattered locations, it was not possible to visit Activities: A Stylistic Analysis of Heshotauthla and Kwakina all of these, but at least seven were not presented (4 papers Polychromes”; Christopher Wolff, Michael Adler, Kevin and 3 posters). The following is a tabulation of the culture area/ Pemberton and Amanda Aland—Analysis of Ceramic Source geographical or topical areas represented by these contributions Materials from the Chaves-Hummingbird Site Using X-Ray to ceramic studies: Diffraction”; Enrique Rodríguez-Alegría and Michael Glascock “Sources of Lead-Glazed Pottery in Xaltocan, Mexico”; Anna Area/Topic Oral Papers Posters Total M. Semon, Kimberly Santoianni, Jennifer Wexler and Lauren Mesoamerica 46**** 3 49 R. Hayden “Blessed Vessels: Research and Analysis of Andean Region 16 2 18 Historic Ceramics Excavated from Mission Santa Catalina de US Southwest 6 10* 16 Guale”; and Allison Davis “Producing Style in the Neolithic of Caribbean 14 - 14 Southern Italy.” US Southeast 7 1 8 Hungarian Plain 4 - 4 Symposium: Mesoamerican Iconography and Symbols in Method/theory 2 1* 3 Action: Small-Scale Figures as Large-Scale Social Phenomena: Anatolia 3 - 3 Organizers: Christina T. Halperin and Kata A. Faust; Chair: Panama 1 1 2 Rhonda Taube. Participants: Sue Scott “Maya Symbols of Power on Teotihuacan Figurines”; Lynn Ruscheinsky [Asterisks indicate that a paper or poster was not presented in “Affected Bodies: Ancient Lowland Maya Figurines”; Terry this category.] Stocker and Boyd Dixon “The Distribution of Mazapan- Xochiquetzal Figurines as Possible Indicator of a Toltec In addition, there were single presentations: one poster each Empire” [not presented]; Erin L. Sears “Multiple Levels of concerning China, Cyprus, Kenya*, Iran, Italy, The Netherlands; Meaning: Figurine Patterns at Cancuén, El Petén Department, and oral presentations concerning Spain and the British Atlantic Guatemala”; Kristi Butterwick “Imagery of Social Status in (on clay tobacco pipes). I have organized the list of presentations West Mexican Figures”; Daniela Triadan “Late Classic Male under 16 headings, retaining the original titles of the symposia Figurines and Their Social Context”; Rhonda Taube “The and volunteered sessions but group under “miscellaneous” Figurines of Piedras Negras: An Iconographical Report”; Billie papers having similar orientations: J. A. Follensbee “The Gift that Keeps on Giving: Formative Period Gulf Coast Ceramic Figurines”; Kata A. Faust “In “Miscellaneous” Poster Sessions (Africa, Asia, and North Search of Identity and Political Economy: A Comparative Study America): Sibel Kusimba, Chapurukha Kusimba and Melanie of the Anthropomorphic Figurines and Sculptures of the Zacher “Ethnoarchaeology of Western Kenya Potters” [not Huasteca”; Christina T. Halperin—What Does Politics Have presented]; Christin Jones, P. Nick Kardulias and Michael to Do with It?: Figurines as Bearers of and Burdens in Late Toumazou “Economy and the Rural Landscape of Central Classic Maya Politics”; Cynthia Alexandria Conides “Figurines Cyprus: The Ceramic Evidence from the Malloura Valley”; in Action: Contextualizing the Butterfly Personage at page 16 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Teotihuacan”; Cecelia F. Klein “Sex in the City: A Comparison Charlton “The Material Culture of the Basin of Mexico: of Aztec Ceramic Figurines to Sculptures Found at or near the Continuity and Change AD 1400-AD 1620”; LeighAnne Ellison Templo Mayor and Its Implications”; Jeanne Lopiparo and Julia “Ceramic Production at the Polity Level: Organization of an Hendon “Honduran Figurine-Whistles in Context: Production, Agrestic Political Economy in the Late Classic Middle Use, and Meaning in the Lower Ulua Valley”; Elizabeth M. Chamelecon Drainage, Honduras”; Lauren Schwartz, Edwin Brumfiel “Human Representation at Postclassic Xaltocan, Barnes and Miranda Stockett “Tools of the Trade: The Mexico: Does Form Follow Function?”; and Rosemary Joyce Significance of Variation in Potstands from Las Canoas and as Discussant. Its Neighbors”; Patricia Urban “A Community with Potters, or a Potters’ Commune?: Classic Period Pottery Making at an General Session: Ceramic Analyses in Mesoamerica: Chair: Agrestic Center of Las Canoas”; and Kristin Sullivan “Figurine Meredith Anderson. Participants: Meredith Anderson “Trade Production and Use at Teotihuacan, Mexico” [not presented]. Ware Distribution in Rural Teotihuacán Sites: Regional and Temporal Distribution of Thin Orange in Mexico’s Northeastern Symposium: Craft Production, Exchange, and Provenance Basin”; Jason Sherman and Laura Villamil “Interpreting Analysis of Andean Ceramics: Current Research and Future Evidence of Ceramic Production: An Example from Yaasuchi, Directions: Organizers: Robert J. Speakman, Patrick Ryan Oaxaca, Mexico”; Jim Aimers “The Interregional Maya Williams and Kevin Vaughn; Chair: Kevin Vaughn. Participants: Pottery Project: Progress and Prospects”; Michael Callaghan Ronald D. Lippi and Alejandra Gudino “Sorting Out Yumbo, “a Preliminary Assessment of Ceramic Material from Holmul, Inca, and Cosanga Wares at Palmitopamba, A Tropical Forest Guatemala”; Pierre Colas and Philip Reeder “The Cave- Site in Northwestern Ecuador”; Maria Masucci and Hector Ceramics in the Pits on the Northern Vaca Plateau, Belize” Neff “Ceramic Production and Societal Change in the Manteño [not presented]; and Leslie Cecil “Petén Postclassic Trade of Coastal Ecuador”; Mercedes Delgado, Paula Olivera, Networks as Seen Through Pottery Pastes and Slips.” Eduardo Montoya and Angel Bustamante “Ceramics from Villa El Salvador, a Late Formative Site from the Central Coast of “Miscellaneous” Papers from Various Sessions Peru”; Krzysztof Makowski, Ivan Ghezzi and Hector Neff (Mesoamerica): Ponciano Ortíz-Caballos and María del Carmen “LA-ICPMS Analysis of Ceramics from Pueblo Viejo (Lurin, Rodriguez-Martínez—Cronología de la Ceramica Olmeca en Peru): Discussion of Results”; Kevin Vaughn and Hendrik van la Cuenca Baja del Rio Coatzacoalcos”; Daniel R. K. Wyman Gijseghem “A Compositional Perspective on the Origins of the “Trading in Royalty: Ceramic Exchange and the Development “Nasca Cult” at Cahuachi”; Nicola Sharratt, Patrick Ryan of Classic Maya Interregional Politics at Actuncan, Belize”; Williams, Donna Nash, Robert J. Speakman and Michael D. Yuri Valdes and Tamara Gonzalez “Life Histories and Ceramic Glascock “Status and Specialized Production on Wari’s Southern Objects: Ritual Ethnoarchaeology in Central Mexico”; Laura Frontier”; Joseph Szymczak, Anita Cook, William Isbell, Robert O’Rourke “Late Classic Figurines from Las Galeras, J. Speakman and Patrick Ryan Williams “Wari Ceramic Veracruz”; Tara Bond “An Examination of Preclassic Production at Conchopata and Cerro Baul: Insights from Household Ceramics from Ek Balam and Surrounding Sites”; Sourcing Studies”; Maria Beatriz Cremonte, Irma Lia Botto Nicole C. Little, Laura J. Kosakowsky and Robert J. Speakman and Raul Oscar Vina “Burnished Bowls from Northwestern “The Political Economy of Pots: Chemical and Typological Argentina: A Petrographic and Physico-Chemical Study”; Characterization of Classic Period Ceramics from Andres Laguens, Martin Giesso, Robert J. Speakman and Northwestern Belize”; Laura J. Kosakowsky and W. David Michael Glascock “Provenance Analysis of Gray-Black Incised Driver “Transforming Identities and Shifting Goods: Tracking Ceramics from the Eastern Valleys of Ambato and Tucuman, Sociopolitical Change through the Monumental Architecture Argentina”; Verónica I. Williams, Calogero Santoro Vargas, and Ceramic Assemblages at the Maya Site of Blue Creek in Alvaro Romero, Robert J. Speakman and Michael Glascock Northwestern Belize”; Lauren A. Sullivan “Ceramic Research “Inka Pottery Production and Consumption in NW Argentina, in the Three Rivers Region [Belize]”; Marcie Venter “Identity Northern Chile, and Bolivia”; and Frances M. Hayashida as and Imperialism: Ceramic Evidence from the Western Tuxtla Discussant. Frontier”; Marion Popenoe de Hatch “The Ceramics of Chocola: Indications of Shifting Relationships”; Linda Howie Poster Session: Andean Archaeology: Ursel Wagner, “On the Home Front: Local Trajectories in Pottery Production Werner Haeusler, Josef Riederer, Izumi Shimada and Fritz E. and Consumption at Lamanai, Belize, During the Classic to Wagner “Formative and Middle Sicán Pottery Production in Postclassic Transition”; Robert Fry and James Aimers “Late Northern Peru Melissa Chatfield—Indigenous Ceramic Postclassic Ceramics from Chau Hiix and Lamanai”; Sarah Technology of Spanish Colonial Peru”; and Karen Pereira “The Wille “Terminal Classic Activity at Chau Hiix, Belize: A Ceramic Hearth of Escuintla: New Evidence of Rim-head Vessels as View from the Center;” Erica Begun “The Many Faces of Censers.” Andean Archaeology: Hélène Bernier “Urban West Mexican Figurines: What They Can Tell Us”; Amy J. Households and Craft Production at Moche.” General Session: Hirshman “Social Complexity and Ceramic Production in the Ceramic Analyses in South America: Christian Mesia “Flushing Prehispanic Lake Patzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico”; Yuko Ceramics down the Drain: New Evidence of Chronology and Shiratori and Seiichi Nakamura “Preliminary Results of Ceramic Use at Chavín de Huantar”; Gregory Lockard “A Jungian Analysis from Group 9L-22 and 9L-23 in Copan, Honduras”; Analysis of Moche Iconography”; Paul Goldstein “Man, Cynthia Otis Charlton, Patricia Fournier Garcia and Thomas Woman, Place and Medium: Gendering Ceremony, Ceramics Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 17 and Power in Tiwanaku Culture”; and Heather Doherty, Enslaved Craft Production: Chemical Analysis of Eighteenth Matthew Henderson and Jan Olson “Preliminary Analysis of Century Jamaican Pottery”; Kenneth Kelly and Mark Hauser Manteño Ceramics From the Interior Valleys of Coastal “Cabotage or Contraband: Compositional Analysis of French Ecuador.” Colonial Ceramics”; Todd M. Ahlman and Gerald F. Schroedl, “Ceramic Production and Exchange among Enslaved Africans Poster Symposium: Recent Research on Mimbres Area on St. Kitts, West Indies;” and Ronald Bishop as Discussant. Pottery in the American Southwest: Tiffany Clark and Darrell Miscellaneous Papers (Caribbean): Corinne L. Hofman and Creel “Sourcing Chupadero Black-on-white Pottery from the Daan Isendoorn “A Tuneful Threefold: Combining Conventional Post-A.D. 1130 Mimbres Region, Southwestern New Mexico”; Archaeological Methods, Geochemical Analysis and Eleanor Dahlin “12th Century Sites of the Cañada Alamosa: Ethnoarchaeological Research in Studying Pre-Columbian Linking the Chaco and Mimbres”; Suzanne Eckert “The Pottery of the Caribbean”; Alistair Bright and Corinne Hofman Mimbres Kachina Cult Revisited”; Thomas Gruber and “Ceramic Style Distribution Across the Lesser Antilles: An Bernard Schriever “Mimbres Ceramics in the Chihuahuan Archipelagic Perspective”; Birgit Faber-Morse “A Comparative Desert of Southwestern New Mexico: A Product of Exchange Ceramic Analysis of St. Croix Collections at the Yale Peabody or Local Manufacture?”; Michelle Hegmon, Margaret Nelson Museum and Other Institutions”; Alan Gillott “Infant Burials in and Stephanie Kulow “Conformity in Mimbres Pottery, Puerto Rico Associated with Pottery ‘Baby Bowls’ or Urns Constraints on Mimbres Lives?”; Lowell Kane “Shared Excavated by Froelich Rainey in 1934"; Nathan Hamilton and Iconography: A Comparison of Classic Mimbres and Stephen Pollock “Technical Vessel Analysis for Precolumbian Mesoamerican Imagery on Pottery”; and Stephanie Kulow Ceramics from Cadet and Desmarreaux Sites, Northwest “Mimbres Pottery Motifs in a Social Context: A Case Study Haiti”; Lucinda McWeeney and Charlene Dixon Hutcheson from the Galaz Ruin.” Miscellaneous Papers from Various “Unraveling the Mystery: Fiber Impressed Ceramics from the Sessions (US Southwest): Andrew Lack, Joshua Watts and Palmetto Grove Site, San Salvador, Bahamas.” David Abbott “Changing Patterns of Hohokam Red-on-buff Production from the Preclassic to Classic Periods”; Sachiko “Miscellaneous” Symposium Papers on the Hungarian Sakai, “Investigation of Olivine Tempered Ceramics and Clay Plain: Timothy Parsons “Elemental Interaction: Trade and Procurement Patterns in the Virgin Branch Anasazi Region”; Sourcing of Tiszapolgár Ceramics on the Great Hungarian Elisabeth Cutright-Smith and Lisa Gavioli “Chronology, Plain”; Samuel Duwe “Pondering Provenance and Technology: Production, and Exchange: The Ceramics from Chevelon Ruin”; Chemical Characterization of Copper Age Daub, Ceramics, W. Nicholas Trierweiler “Thinking Outside the Pot: A Career and Raw Material Sources in Southeastern Hungary”; Hanneke of Dangerous Ideas”; Caitlin Wichlacz, David Abbott and Hoekman-Sites “When Did Dairying Originate on the Great Gordon Moore “Nothing Local, Everything Imported: The Hungarian Plain? Using Residue Analysis to Find Out”; and Plainware Pottery at La Plata”; William Keegan “From Walter Warner “Ceramic Technology and Fabric Analysis of Ceramic Sociology to Settlement Pattern Sociology: Broken K Copper Age Pottery on the Great Hungarian Plain.” Meets the Taino and Lapita”; Jennifer Boyd and Connie Constan “Variation in Ceramic Assemblages on the Jemez Symposium: Archaeology in Three Dimensions: Real-Life Plateau”; and Neomie Tsosie “Ceramics of White House Documentation, Use, and Management of Digital 3D Scanning Pueblo.” in Cultural Heritage: Organizers: Elizabeth Burson and Duane Peter; Chair: Duane Peter. Participants: Malcolm Hooe, Robert Symposium: An Exploratory Study into the Chemical Heckman and Stephen McElroy “Non-Contact Laser Scanning Characterization of Caribbean Ceramics: In Memory of James as a Tool in Ceramic Analysis”; and Jamie E. Forde “Mixtec B. Peterson: Organized by Christophe Descantes and Chaired Polychrome Ceramics from Tututepec, Oaxaca, Mexico: New by Michael D. Glascock. Participants: Christophe Descantes, Contexts and Considerations.” Robert J. Speakman and Michael D. Glascock, “Compositional Studies of Caribbean Ceramics: The Instrumental Neutron Symposium: Social Spaces and Activities in the Past and Activation Analysis Evidence”; Daan Isendoorn, Corinne Present: Evaluating Chemical Analyses and Techniques for Hofman and Mathijs Booden “Back to the Source: Provenance Archaeological Interpretation: Organizers: Sandra L. López Areas of Clays and Temper Materials of Pre-Columbian Varela, Manuel R. Palacios-Fest and Christopher Dore. Ten Caribbean Ceramics”; Geoffrey Conrad, Charles Beeker and papers including: Agustín Ortiz, Leonardo López Luján and John Foster “Compositional Analysis of Ceramics from La Luis Barba “Ritual Activities around Two Mictlantecuhtli Aleta, Dominican Republic”; Peter E. Siegel “Pre-Columbian Ceramic Images in the Sacred Precinct of Tenochtitlan (Mexico Pottery in the West Indies: Compositional Change in Context”; City)”; and Christopher Dore and Sandra López Varela Michael D. Glascock, John G. Crock, Birgit F. Morse and James “Kaleidoscopes, Palimpsests, and Clay: Realities and B. Petersen “Preliminary Interpretations of Ceramic Complexities in Human Activities and Residue Analysis.” Compositional Analysis from Late Ceramic Age Sites in Anguilla and the Salt River Site in St. Croix”; Scott M. General Session: Ceramic Production and Distribution in Fitzpatrick, Quetta Kaye and Michiel Kappers “Compositional the Southeastern US: Chair: Maureen Meyers. Participants: and Petrographic Analysis of Ceramics from Carriacou, David Kluth and Joseph Giliberti “Net Impressed Pottery of Southern Grenadines, West Indies”; Mark Hauser “Locating the Mississippi Headwaters Region and Its Possible Relationship page 18 SAS Bulletin 29(3) to Early Gulf Coast Pottery”; Neill Wallis “The Production of The posters and papers presented included those by Meaning in Swift Creek Iconography”; Charles Redwine “Why Domenico Miriello, Luis Barba, Gino Mirocle Crisci, Alessandra Shell Temper? Cooking Technology or Meaningful Metaphor?”; Pecci, D. Barca, L. Manzanilla and A. Ortiz, “Characterization Sarah Blankenship and Jan Simek “Mississippian Paint of Lime Plasters from the Central Patio of Teopancazco, Technology: Geochemical Analysis of Prehistoric Pigments Teotihuacan (Mexico) by Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDS and from Painted Bluff, Alabama”; Maureen Meyers “Ceramic ICP-MS Laser Ablation” [poster] and Tatsuya Murakami, Variability on the Mississippian Edge: A Reexamination of C.G. Gregory W. L. Hodgins, Amy Jo Vonarx and Arleyn Simon Holland’s Southwestern Virginia Survey”; and Christina Pappas “Radiocarbon Dating Mesoamerican Plasters: Studies from “Textile-impressed Ceramics and the Caborn-Welborn in Teotihuacan” [paper]. Ceramic-related contributions included Kentucky.” papers by Sophie Blain, A. Bouvier, Pierre Guibert, Emmanuelle Vieillevigne, F. Bechtel, Philippe Lanos, A. Chauvin, Ch. Sapin “Miscellaneous” Oral Presentations on Panamanian and M. Baylé, “Architectural Ceramics Dating Applied to Ceramics: Luis Alberto Sanchez Herrera “La Cerámica de Medieval Building Archaeology: The Case of Notre-Dame- Cerro Juan Díaz en la Tradición del Gran Coclé, Panamá”; Sous-Terre (Mont-Saint-Michel, France)”; Valerie Jean Steele and Jeannette Bond “Ceramics and Society at Sitio Drago, and Ben Stern, “Pots, Provenance and Perfumes – Organic Panama.” Residues from the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean”; Richard P. Evershed, M. S. Copley, J. Coolidge, D. Urem- “Miscellaneous” Oral Presentations on Anatolian Kotsou, A. Sherratt and S. Payne, “The Emergence and Spread Ceramics: Katherine Erdman, Mark Schwartz, Mitchell of Dairying in Southeast Europe and the Near East”; Marino Rothman and Melissia Morison “Migration, Diffusion, Maggetti and Jean Rosen “Grand-feu Colours Used in the Emulation: A Petrographic Analysis of Transcaucasian Pottery Faience Manufactury Le Bois d’Epense (North-Eastern from Malatya, Turkey”; and Peter Grave and Lisa Kealhofer France, 18/19th Century)”; Claire Pacheco, Rémy Chapoulie, “The Anatolian Iron Age Ceramics Project: Characterising Eric Doorhyee and Anne Bouquillon, “Medieval Islamic Gilded Economic and Political Interaction with Very Large Datasets.” Glazed Ceramics: Crossing Analytical Results in Search of Technological Features”; Josefina Perez-Arantegui, Gemma Other Oral Presentations: Christina B. Rieth and Derek Cepria, Josep Roque, and Marius Vendrell-Saz, “Lustre Saputo “Archaeometric Analysis of Ceramic Vessels from the Decoration on Ceramics: Electrochemical Study of the Pethick Site, Schoharie County, New York”; Susanna Reduction Behaviour of Different Pigment Mixtures”; Anno McFadden “An Image Worth a Thousand Sherds: The ‘Lupa Hein and Vassilis Kilikoglou, „Hot Pots – Modelling Heat Romana’ and Constantine’s ‘New Rome’”; Jason Bright “A Transfer in Archaeological Ceramics”; Ron Hancock and Strict Reading of Costly Signals in Archaeology Through Sex- Katharine Hancock, “A Pseudo-Forensic Accounting of Olmec based Biases in Stylized Ceramic Production”; Sarah McClure INAA Data Interpretations”; Rui Wen, “The Chemical “Technology and Climate Change: The Introduction of Pottery Composition of Blue Pigment on Blue-and-White Porcelain of to Valencia, Spain”: and Fraser Nieman “Commodities as Costly the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644)”; Hans Mommsen, U. Signals: The Case of Clay Tobacco Pipes in the 17th-Century Schlotzhauer, A. Villing and S. Weber, “ The Ceramic Repertoire British Atlantic.” Imported into Naukratis, Egypt, Classified by Neutron Activation Analysis”; Gisela Thierrin-Michael, Wine Amphorae from The 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry Northern Campania”; and Yves Monette and Marc Richer- (ISA 2006) was held at the Seminaire de Quebec in Quebec LaFlèche, “Laser-Ablation ICP-MS Analysis of Historic City, Canada, 2-6 May 2006. The goal of the Symposium was Ceramic Glazes - A Multi-Element and Lead Isotope to promote the development and use of scientific techniques in Investigation.” order to extract archaeological and historical information from the cultural heritage and the paleoenvironment. The Symposium Other posters included: David Chivall, Nicola Brandon, was composed of seven successive sessions; six of which are Sebastian Payne and Richard P. Evershed, “Characterisation regular plus a special theme session selected by the organizers. of Animal Fats in Pottery by Compound-Specific Stable In addition, a special sub-session was dedicated to isotope Hydrogen Isotope Analysis’; Ruth Ann Armitage, Leah Minc, studies of glass. The special theme session of 2006 addressed Silas Hurry and David Hill, “Characterization of Building the problem of early settlement of the Americas, as it can be Materials from the Brick Chapel at Historic St. Mary’s City by perceived from an archaeometrical perspective. The six regular INAA and Petrographic Analysis”; Claire Blanc, “An 18th C. sessions included the following: 1) Field Archaeology (Remote Faience’s Workshop, Fribourg (Switzerland)”; Marie-Claude Sensing and Prospecting) and Environmental Archaeology; 2) Boileau, “Diachronic Study of Pottery Production and Dating (Organic and Inorganic Materials); 3) Biomaterials Consumption at Tell Acharneh (Syria)”; Miguel A. Cau- (DNA, Diet, Organic Residues Analysis and Agricultural Ontiveros, Giuseppe Montana and Ioannis Iliopoulos, “The Archaeology); 4) Technology and Provenance I (Stone, Problem of the Muscovite-Rich Late Roman Cooking Wares: Pigments and Plaster); 5) Technology and Provenance II The Role of Petrography and Scanning Electron Microscopy (Ceramics and Glass) with a Special Sub-Session: Isotope in the Study of their Provenance”; Miguel A. Cau-Ontiveros, Studies of Glass; and 6) Technology and Provenance III Jaume Buxeda i Garrigós and Vassilis Kilikoglou, “Pereruela (Metals). II: Variability of Major Elements and Petrographic Features Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 19 within a Single Production Centre”; Miguel A. Cau-Ontiveros, in Hungary”; Llorenç Vila, Verónica Martinez, Jaume Buxeda Joseph Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Jaume Buxeda i Garrigós i Garrigós and Vassilis Kilikoglou, “Differences in Technological and Evanthia Tsantini, “Late Roman Coarse Wares and Cooking and Functional Models of Contemporary Amphorae Production Wares on the Balearic Islands: The Example of Eivissa”; in Neighbouring Areas”; Harriet E. White, Caroline Jackson Guillermo Adrian De La Fuente, “Ceramic Production and and Guy Sanders, “Byzantine Glazed Pottery from Corinth: Technology in Northwestern Argentina: An Archaeometrical Testing Provenance Assumptions”; Congcang Zhao, “A Approach to Understanding the Ancient Potters”; Khademi Discovery and Tentative Knowledge of Prehistory Kiln with Nadooshan Farhang, Alireza Hejebri Nobari, Ali Reza Arkan Entirely Reversing Flame in Chenggu County Bao Mountain and Mohammad Saffari, “Sources Determination of Chalcolithic of China”; and Irina Zhushchikhovskaya, “Methods of Pastes Iron Age Pottery: WLXRF Spectroscopy of Shahryry”; Rosario Analysis in Archaeological Ceramics Research (Russian Far García Giménez, M. Dolores Petit Dominguez, Portugal Pedro East as a Case of Study).” Carretero, and Ana Arruda, “Archaeometry of a New Punico- Turdetano Amphora Type: The Oil Amphorae from the The Annual Conference of the Medieval Pottery Campiña Gaditana (Cádiz, Spain)”; Rosario García Giménez, Research Group (MPRG), “Ceramics Cloistered and M. Dolores Petit Dominguez, Pedro Carretero, and Catarina Crenellated: Pottery and the Medieval Establishment,” was Dias Vega, “Characterization of Dolia from the Guadalquivir held at Trafford Hall Conference Centre, Chester, UK, 12-14 Valley and Found in the Southern Lusitanian Sites (Algarve, June 2006. The program prospectus reads, in part, “pottery Portugal)”; Javier Garcia Iñañez, Jaume Buxeda i Garrigós, finds from castles and monastic institutions, and the Robert J. Speakman and Michael D. Glascock, “Archaeometric archaeologists who worked with them, were seminal in the Characterization of Renaissance Tin Lead Glazed Pottery from development of medieval pottery studies. The MPRG is taking Talavera de la Reina, Puente del Arzobispo and Seville (Spain)”; the opportunity of our 2006 annual meeting, in Chester to hear Alan F. Greene, Charles Hartley and David Peterson, “The about more recent work on pottery from medieval castles, Making of Ancient Eurasia: Preliminary Notes on Incorporating manors, monasteries, hospitals and similar sites. The aim is to Archaeometry and Anthropology in the Integrated Study of consider what (if anything) made these places different to the Ceramic and Metal Technologies”; Christina M. Henshaw, urban and rural domestic sites that have been the focus of Thilo Rehren and Olga Anarbaev, “Glaze Technology in Eastern recent discussions and publications. Are there, for instance, Uzbekistan: A Comparison of Early Islamic Wares from peculiarities in the way religious houses acquired, used or Tashkent, Akhsiket and Kuva”; Louise Joyner, “A Petrographic disposed of pottery? How did castles affect patterns of industry Study of Late Neolithic Clay-Based Construction Materials and commerce? It is hoped that this meeting will show how from Makriyalos, Macedonia, Greece”; Despina Kavoussanaki, ceramic analysis can inform our understanding of the role of Yannis Maniatis and Michael S. Tite, “Plant Ashes from Greece medieval institutions within medieval society, and conversely, and Attempts to Reproduce Faience and Glass”; Stanley G. how studying those establishments deepens our knowledge of Klassen, “The Early Bronze Age Ceramic Industry of the medieval pottery.” Further information on this very valuable Madaba Plain Region: A Reflection of Hierarchy or conference is available from Duncan Brown Heterarchy?”; Claude Mirguet and Philippe Sciau, [email protected]. “Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Studying the Surface of Ancient Ceramics”; Piero Mirti, Marco The following papers were presented: “Medieval Pace and Alessandra Bianco Prevot, “Technology of Production Archaeology in Chester” by Simon Ward; “The Medieval and of Sasanian Glazed Pottery from Seleucia and Vehardašir Early Post-Medieval Pottery of Chester” by Julie Edwards; (Central Iraq): A SEM-EDS Investigation”; Casimiro S. Munita, “Institutions, Households and Consumption: Their Relevance E. Neves, R. Toyota and P.M.S. Oliveira Chemical to Pottery Studies” by Chris Dyer; and “Pottery Studies and Characterization of Marajoara Pottery by INAA”; Alessandra Medieval Institutions” by Duncan Brown. Presentations on 13 Pecci and Laura Salvini, “Functional Interpretation of Tuscan June included: “The Use of Pottery in Richard of Cornwall’s Medieval Pottery (Italy)”; M. Isabel Prudencio, M. Jose Caput at Launceston Castle” by Alan Vince; “Storage, Cooking Trindade, Joao Coroado, Fernando Rocha and M. Isabel Dias, and Display Pottery from Two Fortified Settlements in Chianti: “Clay Materials Compositional Variability with Temperature Castellaccio di Lucolena (10th - 13th cent) and Monte Moggino Applied to Archaeological Ceramic Production Studies”; Ina (14th-15th centuries)” by Marta Caroscio; “Céramiques Reiche, Friedericke Voigt, Birgit Kanngiesser, Wolfgang Malzer, provenant du palais de Marie de Hongrie (Binche, Belgique)” Stefan Röhrs, Yvonne Höhn and Ioanna Mantouvalou, “XRF by Sophie Challe; “From Caliph’s Crockery to the People’s Analyses of Qajar Tiles from the Workshop of Ali Muhammad Pottery: Examining Ceramic Consumption in Almohad, Seville” Isfahani’s in Tehran (2nd half of 19th c.)”; Jean E. Rosen, by Rebecca Bridgman; “Aspects of the Production, the Use Maurice Picon and Marino Maggetti, “Studying the Origin of and the Consumption of Ceramics at Caen in the End of the French Faïence through Chemical Analyses”; Philippe Sciau, Middle Ages” by A. Bocquet Liénard and D. Dufournier; “Is Christian Roucau, Yolande Kihn, and Philippe Goudeau, There a Specific Ceramic for Privileged Merovingian Sites?” “Microstructural and Microchemical Characterization of Roman by Line Van Wersch; “Local Flavour: The Bishopstone Period Terra Sigillate Slips from Archeological Sites in Southern Assemblage in its Wider Context” by Ben Jervis; “Pottery from France”; Heinrich Taubald, Katalin T. Biró, Zsolt Kasztovsky Two East Anglian Moated Sites” by Sue Anderson; “Pottery and Márta Balla, “Early Neolithic Pottery and its Environment as an Indicator of Status in Medieval Ware: Some Emerging page 20 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Patterns” by Cristina Borrill; “Cloistered Kings, Crenellated theworldincolours/home.html. There is a fully illustrated Bishops and Courtly Abbots: The Ceramic Assemblages from catalogue to accompany the exhibition available from the Peel Castle and Rushen Abbey, Isle of Man” by Peter Davey Brunei Gallery Bookshop (£10.00), The World in Colours: and Claire Corkill; “Catering for the Masses: Medieval Pottery An Exhibition of Ceramics with Coloured Decoration from Merton College, Oxford and Eynsham Abbey, Dating from 700 to 1920 Belonging to Members of the Oxfordshire” by Paul Blinkhorn; “A Mid-17th-century Finds Oriental Ceramic Society, by Rose Kerr et al., London: Group from the Inns of Court: A Tale of Lawyers, Buying Oriental Ceramic Society, 2006; soft cover, 104 pages, full colour Power, Conservatism and Possible Misbehaviour” by Chris (ISBN: 0903421275) see http://dogbert.abebooks.com/servlet/ Jarrett; and “The Use of Wooden Vessels in Medieval SearchResults?bx=off&sts=t&ds=30&vci=4494352&bi=0&y=8&tn= Institutions” by Robin Wood. The Gerald Dunning Memorial The+World+in+Colours&x=52&sortby=2. Lecture, “Crossing Cultures and Bridging Boundaries from the 9th to 12th Century” was given by Maureen Mellor. The 2006 Pecos Conference is scheduled to be held at Navajo Lake, New Mexico from 10-13 August. Additional The 14 June papers included: “Pottery from a information is available on the Internet site at http:// Premonstratensian Monastery in Tommarp and a Franciscan www.swanet.org/2006_pecos_conference/index.html. This Monastery in Ystad, Southern Sweden - Daily Life and Contacts informal conference affords Southwestern archaeologists a with the European Continent” by Torbjörn Brorsson; “The Use superlative opportunity to talk with one another, both by of Ceramics in Late and Post-Medieval Monasteries: Data from presenting field reports and by casual discussions. In recent Three Sites in Eastern Flanders” by Koen De Groote; “The years, Native Americans, avocational archaeologists, the Material Culture of Monasteries in Liguria between the general public and media organizations have come to play an Medieval Period and the Modern Age and an Analysis of increasingly important role, serving as participants and as Archaeological Excavation Records: Data Comparison and audience, to celebrate archaeological research and to mark Some Lines of Research and Study” by Paolo De Vingo; cultural continuity. Several mini-symposia are in the works “Ceramics in Cloisters, Convents and Cottages: A Preliminary (details are not yet available). Themes: Summer field reports View from Denmark” by M. Larsen: “A World of Difference? and archaeological research presentations should try to connect Form and Function in Scotland’s Hospitals and Religious to this year’s conference theme: “One Hundred Year’s of Houses” by Derek Hall; “French Pottery in Scotland” by Archaeology and Preservation in the Southwest,” or, come George Haggarty; “Mount Grace Priory: Pottery and discuss your latest SW project or research endeavor. There Personality” by Glyn Coppack; “Palace and Abbey: Guildford are no poster sessions, no reading of papers (oral presentations and the Crockers of Chertse” by Phil Jones; “Abbey and Town only), and no audio-visual equipment. Graphics (e.g., map, - Pottery Procurement in Medieval Shrewsbury” by Victoria photos, charts, etc.) may be mount it on stiff foamboard and Bryant. should be large enough for the audience to see it from a distance. A one page audience handout referencing presentation Forthcoming Meetings title, post-conference contact information, and Internet URL pointing to your on-line research paper may be distributed. The World in Colours: Ceramics with Coloured Decoration Dating from 700 to 1920 is the title of an The Fourth Mediterranean Clay Meeting is scheduled exhibition through 24 June 2006 and a seminar (14 June) at the for 5-10 September 2006 in Ankara, Turkey. The meeting Brunei Gallery, SOAS (The School of Oriental and African Internet site http://www.mcm06.com contains details about all Studies), University of London, London, UK (near Russell aspects of the conference, including the themes, workshop, Square); tickets are (£25.00). The focus of the seminar and abstract submission, field excursions, social activities, exhibit is to move beyond blue-and-white ceramics to explore registration, accommodation, exhibitions, etc. Oral presentations other methods of decoration that were used in China before will be allotted 20 minutes (15 minutes for presentation and 5 cobalt. In addition to Chinese pieces, ceramics from Japan, minutes for discussion). Selected papers presented by invited Vietnam, the Middle East, and Europe are used to demonstrate speakers will be allotted 30 minute. English will be the official the influence and broad impact of Chinese techniques. The language of the Meeting for all presentations and publications. earliest ceramics in the exhibition date to the Tang dynasty Oral presentations are allotted 20 minutes (15 minutes for (618-906), and the latest to the early decades of the 20th century presentation and 5 minutes for discussion); selected papers when modern design schools had started to operate in China. presented by invited speakers will be allotted 30 minutes. All Over 220 ceramic pieces from members of the Oriental Ceramic presenters had to register by 1 June 2006 and any further news Society illustrate the 1,400 years between these two dates. and developments will be announced on this website. The Organising Body includes: Rose Kerr, Chair and Editor Contributions from all fields of scientific and practical aspects (formerly V&A Museum); Jessica Harrison-Hall (British of clays and clay minerals are to be grouped into oral and Museum); Sheila Canby (British Museum); Stacey Pierson poster sessions. Invited and volunteered papers will be (Percival David Foundation); Rosemary Scott (Christie’s), presented on plenary and technical sessions organized by the Anthony du Boulay (formerly Christie’s); Phillip Allen Scientific Committee. A Special Issue of Applied Clay Science (Collector); and Jean Martin. Additional information is posted will be devoted to papers on a Special Topic presented by the on the Internet at http://www.soas.ac.uk/gallery/ participants of the meeting. Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 21 The Archaeological Sciences of the Americas human societies. The concept of Ceramic Ecology is contextual, Symposium (ASAS) 2006 will be held at the University of multi and interdisciplinary, and analytical. On the one hand, it Arizona, Tucson from 13-16 September 2006. ASAS seeks to evaluate data derived from the application of encourages regular and sustained collaboration between physiochemical methods and techniques borrowed from the archaeological, conservation, and natural scientists in the physical sciences within an ecological and sociocultural frame Americas. The meeting will be hosted by graduate students in of reference. It relates environmental parameters, raw the Department of Anthropology at the University of Arizona. materials, technological choices and abilities, and sociocultural The Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship variables to the manufacture, distribution, and use of pottery (IGERT) Program in Archaeological Sciences at the University and other ceramic artifacts. On the other hand, interpretation of Arizona will co-sponsor this event. This Biennial Symposium of these data and explanations of the ceramic materials utilize will focus on studies, techniques, and approaches that emphasize methods and paradigms derived from the social sciences, the analysis and interpretation of prehistoric and historic humanities, and the arts. The concept of Ceramic Ecology forms materials, human cultures and ecology. Researchers at all levels an implicit or explicit basis of the investigations reported by of experience and training are invited to participate. A special archaeologists, ethnographers, and others in this symposium in invitation is extended to colleagues from Canada, Mexico, which emphasis is placed upon the technological and Central America, and South America. Conceptual and socioeconomic aspects of ceramic materials regardless of methodological contributions that transcend geographic chronology or geography. It also demonstrates the value of the boundaries of research are also encouraged; applications need cross fertilization which results when investigators ranging from not be confined to the Americas. In recognition that art historians and professional potters to ethnoarchaeologists archaeological science represents an interdisciplinary effort, and archaeometricians come together in a forum devoted to a six major themes will be represented at the meeting: 1) topical consideration: ceramics. These papers continue a Geoarchaeology; 2) Conservation Studies and Ephemeral symposium series initiated at the 1986 AAA meeting by students Remains; 3) Spatial Analysis and Remote Sensing; 4) of ceramic materials who are members of the informal Chronometry; 5) Human-Environmental Interaction; and 6) “Ceramic Studies Interest Group,” an organization formed at Material Culture Studies. Abstracts for individually-submitted the suggestion of Matson. This 20th symposium honors the papers, posters, and computer simulations were due 1 June legacy of ceramic ethnoarchaeologist and ceramic historian 2006 and limited to 250 words. Proposals of organized sessions Louana M. Lackey. (5-6 papers and one discussant) were due 15 May 2006. Application fees are $60 (US) for students and $90 (US) for Cynthia Pinkston (University of Maryland) “Silent professionals (checks are to be made out to the University of Testifiers, Written Records and Scientific Analysis: Combining Arizona). None of the application fee is tax deductible. More Evidences when Studying Selected Prestige Objects from a information and registration forms available online at: http:// 19th Century Oaxacan Collection.” Among the over 1,000 asas06.ltc.arizona.edu. archaeological objects collected by Louis H. Ayme for the Smithsonian Institution, a group of five ceramics are rather Ceramic Ecology XX: Current Research on Ceramics curious. Found “...together in a mound...” at Miahuatlan, some 2006: Honoring Louana M. Lackey (1926-2005). This 20th 85 km from Monte Alban, Ayme theorized “...it seems that Annual Ceramic Ecology Symposium is scheduled for the they had been drinking cups and jars...” Consisting of three American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting 15-19 bridge-spouted animal and/or human effigy jars, one double- November 2006 in San Jose, California. The symposium gourd shaped vessel and a small broken pipe featuring a raised organizer and chair is Charles C. Kolb (National Endowment animal head, the assemblage is intriguing because while bridge- for the Humanities) and the discussant is Brenda Bowser spout vessels occur in the Valley of Oaxaca from the late (California State University, Fullerton). The symposium abstract Formative (ca. 200B.C.-A.D.200) onwards, they are usually and the scheduled papers and abstracts include a diverse panel without sculptural embellishment except for small applied effigy of participants. faces. Examples from Abasolo, Tomaltepec, etc. do not exhibit fully realized sculptural forms like those from the Ayme Symposium Abstract: The papers in this international and collection: such are rare in any case, at least in most of interdisciplinary symposium, the 20th in the annual series, reflect Mesoamerica. 90 percent of the spouted vessels reported from a number of approaches within the framework of Matson’s all across Mesoamerica are associated with elites, most serving, concept of Ceramic Ecology, set forth in his volume, Ceramics at least secondarily, as burial offerings. This paper will discuss and Man (1965). In this work Matson a ceramic engineer, questions of the origin, use and status of spouted vessels, archeometrician, ceramic ethnoarchaeologist, and ethnographer especially in relation to recent research on Middle and Late stated that “unless ceramic studies lead to a better Preclassic Mayan spouted “chocolate pots” from which understanding of the cultural context in which ceramic materials evidence of theobromine (cocoa) was verified by dry residue were made and used, they form a sterile record of limited analysis. Although collected in the 19th. century, the Ayme worth.” Ceramic Ecology as a methodological and theoretical group, when approached through the concept of Ceramic approach has as its paramount goal a better understanding of Ecology, may yet testify to its role in the past while serving as the peoples who made and used pottery and seeks to redefine comparative evidence for further researches into the importance our comprehension about the significance of these materials in of this relatively rare type of prestige object. page 22 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Sandra Lopez Varela (Universidad Autonoma Estado de hunters/fishers-gatherers and small-scale horticulturalists that Morelos), Joan Vendrell (Universidad Autonoma Estado de occupied the Bay Islands throughout the thirteenth to sixteenth Morelos), and Christopher D. Dore (Statistical Research, Inc.) centuries. The dishes were probably used in kesh ceremonies, “Capturing Chemical Traces of Working and Gendered Spaces ritual practices that involved the consumption of fermented of the House.” The analysis of chemical residues on built and beverages (munia, ostia) and special foods (sasal) to attract natural surfaces are used to make meaningful statements about the attention of the ancestors. The study of Pech pots reveals human activities. The ways that humans operate in space are a high degree of standardization in vessel dimensions in the complex and dynamic is a learned fact deriving from absence of evidence for specialized production. This finding ethnoarchaeological investigations at Cuentepec. Daily challenges the standardization hypothesis by offering a case of practices are the result of conscious learned decisions small-scale, low-output household production that resulted in concerning the locations at which a diverse range of activities ceramic containers whose dimensions were highly standardized. will be performed. Supported by social theories, map algebra, We argue that household level manufacturing can result in highly image analysis techniques, and spatial statistics, we illustrate standardized pottery if the products are intended to be used in how our program of investigation enhances and challenges the ceremonies that require highly specific forms. interpretation of human space use. Christopher P. Garraty (Arizona State University) “The Patricia A. Urban (Kenyon College) “Habits of Mind and Political Economy of Utilitarian Ceramics in the Aztec Hand: Assessing Variation in Ceramic Production in Classic Heartland: Production and Exchange of Tortilla Griddles.” Most Period Communities along the Middle Rio Chamelecon, NW studies of archaeological political economy focus on elite control Honduras.” Research since 1988 along the middle Chamelecon over the production and exchange of wealth and prestige goods has revealed ceramic production at one large center, La Sierra, imbued with obvious social or ideological content, such as one smaller agrestic center, Las Canoas, and at least 10 small, decorated ceramics or ritual paraphernalia. However, studies rural sites. The zone’s ancient craft workers shared many of mundane, utilitarian objects are rarely accorded such political facets of potting: specific vessel forms are cross-regionally economic importance. I suggest in this paper that elites in early associated with particular paste colors as well as finishing and complex societies potentially also garnered power and influence decorative techniques; and there is a common toolkit utilizing from controlling the production and movement of mundane, deliberately and opportunistically shaped sherds and smoothing utilitarian goods, such as undecorated plainware ceramics. I stones. Firing, however, differs by locale: kilns are found at La further posit that utilitarian goods can be potentially meaning- Sierra, and postulated for Canoas, but smaller sites have signs laden and ideologically charged. I present the results of detailed of more informal methods. In addition, there is a distinctive studies of the production and exchange of ceramic tortilla artifact class in the southern part of the zone—a ceramic griddles, or comales. Studies of the production and exchange support used during finishing and firing. Finally, the number of of comales indicate that state elites may have subsidized large- production areas increased with time, adding more pastes to scale production and export of comales throughout the Basin the regional assemblage, but there was only a small increase in of Mexico as a means of garnering revenues. Simultaneously, form and decoration variability. Pottery making, then, shows comales made in some areas of the Basin may have been in both conscious choice and habitus, that is, learned but largely high demand because of their association with prestigious places unconscious behavior. For both conscious choice and habitus or ideas. For example, comales made at the center of there is complex temporal and spatial patterning. Culhuacán in pre-imperial times may have been in high demand owing to the center’s longstanding connection to the venerated José E. Moreno-Cortés and E. Christian Wells (both Toltec craft traditions. University of South Florida, Tampa) “Explaining Standardization without Explaining It Away: Inferring Production Scale from Kostalena Michelaki (McMaster University) “Making Pots Ancient Pech Pottery of Roatan Island, Honduras.” in Neolithic Calabria, Italy.” Although pottery is the most Ethnoarchaeological studies of pottery making in Honduras have common artefact type on all Neolithic sites, provides one of revealed that the scale of production tends to take one of two the defining criteria for the Neolithic itself and is used by forms, household or workshop. Scale is typically measured by archaeologists to characterize all Neolithic cultures, research the number of individuals that compose the production unit and on Italian Neolithic ceramics has focused primarily on either the principles of labor recruitment. These variables are difficult decorative motifs, or on the spatial distribution of fine decorated to observe in the archaeological record, however, because the ceramics. As a result, the variability of Neolithic ceramics is identification of manufacturing facilities and arrangements is not well understood, nor is the social context of their production. often problematic. Thus, many studies infer production scale Starting from the basic principle of Ceramic Ecology that urges indirectly using the standardization hypothesis, which proposes us to focus on activities rather than objects, I will examine the that a high degree of standardization in certain vessel dimensions production of ceramics in two Neolithic sites in Southwestern reflects workshop manufacture, while a high degree of variation Calabria, Italy: Umbro (5,800-2,900 BC cal) and Penitenzeria indicates household production. This paper examines (5,500-5,000 BC cal). The excavations are in progress, as are quantitative patterns in formal attributes of 120 plainware our physico-chemical and mineralogical analyses of the ceramic ceramic vessels from Roatan Island, Honduras, to infer material. While the results are still preliminary, I will production scale. The pottery was made by the Pech, indigenous nevertheless use them as the basis to look for the choices the Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 23 potters had made at each step of the ceramic operational time member and a board member of the National Council on sequence. By looking at the complete production sequence I Education for the Ceramic Arts (NCECA); a member of the will explore variability as it is introduced in each step of the Society of Women Geographers, AAA, SAA, SHA, and AIA; process. Furthermore, by focusing on decision making and the and served as president of the Association of Senior environmental, technical and social factors that affect it, I will Anthropologists and also wrote the “seniors” column for be able to get deeper insights into the social lives of the Anthropology News. She was one of only 80 Americans communities that produced these pots. elected to the International Academy of Ceramics. In this symposium, we celebrate her life and provide unpublished and John W. Arthur (University of South Florida, St. Petersburg) anecdotal information about Louana and her love of the ceramic “Standardization in a Stratified Society: An Ethnoarchaeological arts. Perspective from the Gamo of Southwest Ethiopia.” Previous research has shown that there are many factors, such as vessel Internet Sites type, size, and function, producer skill, and market systems, which can affect pottery standardization. In this paper, I use L. (Jake) Jacobson’s Archaeometry Internet site provides ethnoarchaeology to explore how social and economic information about provenance studies in South Africa, contains organization of the Gamo living in southwestern Ethiopia affects a list of research projects plus an extensive bibliography of his pottery standardization. This analysis compares standardization publications (n = 115), and includes an extract of a publication at the individual, village, and regional level to test our from the South African Journal of Science; see http:// assumptions regarding potter standardization from potters who www.museumsnc.co.za/arcometr.htm. Jacobson’s s current are full-time craft specialists living in a complex and highly research projects are focused mainly on provenance studies stratified society. of pottery, the most significant of which is the study of pottery from Mapungubwe, one of South Africa’s most important Timothy Scarlett (Michigan Technological University) archaeological sites. His provenance studies include “Aesthetic Genealogies: Potters and China Painters in Utah.” assessments of ceramics and ostrich eggshell using PIXE, XRF As she did with so many young scholars, Louana Lackey spoke and the microprobe: 1) Sotho-Tswana pottery; 2) Mapungubwe with me about my dissertation research following an academic pottery; 3) Type R Khoi pottery from the Riet River; 4) Khoi conference round table. I was struck early in my research by Coastal pottery from Port Nolloth and the Cape Peninsula; 5) how Utah’s operative potters had lived through their profession’s Studies on temper and clay mixing; 6) Early Iron Age pottery social reinvention as both art and industry during their lifetimes. from the Mngeni and Thukela rivers, KwaZulu-Natal; 7) Some potters grew up as apprentices working under a master Miscellaneous analytical studies of pottery from Namibia, in a small craft shop, while others were former factory workers. Zimbabwe and Botswana; and 8) Ostrich eggshell. Other They watched while their peers closed their shops and began chemical analyses include: 1) Stone patinas; 2) Rock art paint; turning sewer pipe for the heavy clay industries while the 3) Vitrified dung from the Karoo, South Africa; 4) Microprobe progressive local university hired ceramic artists to teach their analysis of bone from Sterkfontein; 5) Archaeological sediments; skills to students. Dr. Lackey challenged me to think about the 6) Development of Certified Reference material SARM-69 biographical dimension of technology, aesthetics, and business CERAMIC-1; and 7 Woodstock glass. The extract from the relations. South African Journal of Science 91:381-382 (1995), “Geochemistry and archaeology: a creative bond.” was written Charles C. Kolb (National Endowment for the Humanities) by L. Jacobson, W. A. van der Westhuizen, and H. de Bruiyn. “Louana Mae Engelhart Lackey (1926-2005): Ceramic Historian and Ethnoarchaeologist.” Louana Lackey, a co- The Utah Pottery Project is dedicated to the archaeological, founder of the Ceramic Ecology symposium series, passed historical, and scientific study of Utah’s 19th Century immigrant away in December 2005. She earned her B.A. (1972) and potters. The overall goal is to gather into one place information doctorate (1978) in anthropology, both from American University about the potters, their families, their work, their products, and in Washington, DC. Moving to Baltimore in 1987, she became their contributions to the history of Utah. The project was research scholar in ceramics at the Maryland Institute College conceived and directed by Timothy James Scarlett, Department of Art. Louana conducted research on contemporary potters of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University (1400 in Mexico, Central America, Spain and Italy, and wrote Townsend Avenue, Houghton, MI 49931; telephone 906/487- extensively about the work of present-day studio potters and 2359, Fax 906/487-2468, email: [email protected]. There is an ceramic artists in the United States, Canada, Nepal, South internet site at: http://www.social.mtu.edu/faculty/Scarlett/ Korea, Latvia, Finland, Italy, and Britain. She authored The Research/UPP/upphome.htm. Pottery of Acatlán: A Changing Mexican Tradition (1982), based on her dissertation, a biography of Montana ceramic At least 100 working potters came to Utah in the 19th artist, Rudy Autio (2002); and co-edited A Pot for All Reasons: Century and opened shops or worked in the business. Most of Ceramic Ecology Revisited (1988). A frequent contributor to the potters immigrated to the territory after joining the Church Ceramics Monthly, she also authored chapters on of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS, the Mormons). Mesoamerican Thin Orange ceramics in two volumes of The currently identified sites include 45 potteries in 26 cities Research in Economic Anthropology. Louana was a long- and towns throughout the Mormon Domain— connecting page 24 SAS Bulletin 29(3) settlements in Utah to Hailey, Idaho; Brigham City, Arizona; vase-painters painted the red-orange clay with a liquid clay and Virginia City, Nevada. These potters made all kinds of slip, or clay-water mix. During the three-stage firing, the clay products: kitchen crockery and storage jars, tea pots and slip turned into shiny black gloss, coral-red gloss, or matte white, umbrella stands, drainage pipes and roofing tile, plates and piggy depending on the type of clay slip used. Vase-painters banks. Each pottery became an important symbol in its sometimes applied further decoration, including bright, colorful community. Children visited the potters after school, people pigments and gilding, after firing. Additional information is came to dances during the dramatic kiln firings, and everyone available on the Internet at http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/ certainly knew when new pots were available for sale. Almost colors_clay/homepage.html. The exhibition is also accompanied every pottery identified in nineteenth-century Utah was found by a well-illustrated and informative catalog. The Colors of in a Mormon community. Given the emphasis placed upon Clay: Special Techniques in Athenian Vases by Beth Cohen landed self-sufficiency in LDS theology, the potteries became (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006; 384 pages, 240 symbols of permanence through their association with color and 57 b/w illustrations, 1 map; ISBN 0-89236-571-4, agriculture. The potters made the jars into which residents put $85.00, hardcover). Cohen is an art historian who has published up preserves. Pottery making even became an important on classical Greek and Italian Renaissance art. The text metaphor in extemporaneous religious sermons. includes separate essays written by Marion True, Jeffrey Maish, Marie Svoboda, Susan Lansing-Maish, and Kenneth Lapatin Tim Scarlett seeks contributions of information such as (all from the J. Paul Getty Museum); Joan Mertens references, pictures, documents, and stories. Copies of diaries, (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York); and Dyfri Williams account books, photographs, receipts, and other family (British Museum, London). This catalogue documents a major scrapbook contributions are a tremendous help to the research; exhibition that is the first ever to focus on ancient Athenian financial support is also accepted. The five project goals are: terracotta vases made by techniques other than the well-known 1) Catalog the immigrant pottery makers and clay industry black- and red-figure styles. The exhibition comprises vases workers of Utah’s 19th Century; 2) Locate and identify the executed in bilingual, coral-red gloss, outline, Kerch-style, white archaeological sites from operating potteries; 3) Catalog known ground, and Six’s technique, as well as examples with added examples of Utah Pottery in museum collections; 4) Academic clay and gilding, and plastic vases and additions. The volume Study; and 5) Make information available to everyone. The begins with an introductory essay that integrates the diverse Internet site includes links to potters and towns where pottery themes of the exhibition and sets them within the context of was made, examples from museum collections, and pottery vase making in general; a second essay discusses conservation sites. A bibliography and slide show are under construction. issues related to several of the techniques. A detailed discussion of the techniques featured in the exhibition precedes each Exhibition section of the catalogue and more than a hundred vases from museums in the United States and Europe are described in The Colors of Clays: Special Techniques in Athenian depth. Vases is the title of an exhibition at the Getty Villa from 8 June through 4 September 2006. More than 100 vases made in and around Athens between 550 and 340 B.C., including some of the greatest masterpieces of Athenian pottery. The exhibition goes beyond the two standard techniques of Athenian vase- Book Reviews painting—black-figure and red-figure—to explore alternative Stacey N. Lengyel, Associate Editor techniques, such as coral red, white ground, and gilding, that gave Athenian vases their wide range of shapes and colors. Most of these techniques were first developed around 525 B.C., an extraordinarily fertile period of experimentation in the Climate Change in Prehistory: The End of the Reign of Athenian pottery industry. In addition, the exhibition also presents Chaos. By William J. Burroughs, Cambridge University Press: new insights gained by conservators and scientists into the Cambridge, UK, 2005. xii + 356 pp., 29 figures, two tables, one methods and materials used by ancient vase makers. The appendix, index. Price: £19.99 or USD$30.00 (hardback). ISBN: majority of the vases in this exhibition, as in ancient Athens as 13 978-0-521-82409-5. a whole, were constructed and decorated in workshops owned and operated by potters. The workshops were usually family Reviewed by David Lubell, Department of Anthropology, businesses, with sons following their fathers in the trade. Potters University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada often painted their own vases, but they sometimes hired artisans who specialized in vase-painting. The names of many ancient I came to this book with high expectations. As someone potters are known, but fewer vase-painters. Painters with doing research on the Late Pleistocene/early Holocene recognizable styles are often given nicknames, such as “the transition and with a long-term interest in the relationship Brygos Painter” or “the Painter of the Wedding Procession,” between palaeoenvironment and human adaptation, the based on potters with whom they worked or subjects in which Cambridge University Press (CUP) description of Climate they specialized. A three-stage firing process was key to Change in Prehistory was enticing: “[It]...explores the achieving the distinctive look of Athenian vases. Before firing, challenges that faced humankind in a glacial climate and the Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 25 opportunities that arose when the climate improved dramatically uncontaminated aDNA from skeletal remains – a point not around 10,000 years ago. discussed by Burroughs, although he does recognize that there is a “continuing debate” (p. 109). I am more convinced by the Drawing on recent advances in genetic mapping, it presents discussion that begins in §3.9 (“The transition to the Upper the latest thinking on how the fluctuations during the ice age Palaeolithic”) in which specific examples from western and defined the development and spread of modern humans across eastern Europe, the Asian steppes and the eastern the Earth. It reviews the aspects of our physiology, intellectual Mediterranean and Nile Valley are used to show the relationship development and social behavior that have been influenced by between climatic variability and human settlement. climatic factors, and how features of our lives – diet, health and the relationship with nature – are also the product of the Chapter 4 (“The evolutionary implications of living with climate in which we evolved.” the ice age”) ranges widely over a number of topics, from population genetics to demography to gender roles to cultural/ I hoped this might be in some way a successor to Butzer’s subsistence transitions. Much here is of interest, but also a Environment and Archeology, but it is not intended as such. great deal that I find overly speculative (such § 4.9 on networks Burroughs summarizes the overall objective best on p. 208: “to and mobility) and, in at least one case (the discussion of present the evidence of climate change and the climatology in palaeodemography on p. 156), at odds with what I think are prehistory” so as to elucidate the relationship between past more accurate reconstructions. cultural developments and climate. And the topic is current, as shown by Kirch’s 2005 paper “Archaeology and Global Change: Chapter 5 (“Emerging from the ice age”) is the longest The Holocene Record” in the Annual Review of Environment and, to my mind, the most interesting and successful chapter. I and Resources where the emphasis is on how human have some minor quibbles with the treatment of North African populations have affected environmental variables, something data, but overall the balance and breadth of global coverage is Burroughs touches on at the end of this book. good. Controversial topics (e.g. the spread of farming into Europe, peopling of the Americas, the Black Sea flood) are Chapter 1 introduces the overall concepts to be discussed handled well. Burroughs’ objective in this chapter is to “present in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 (“The climate of the past the evidence of climate change and climatology in prehistory 100 000 years”) includes a series of figures that show the that may assist in addressing debates...not to seek to provide cyclic pattern of change and variability and relating human answers to the debates” (p. 208), and I think he succeeds. prehistory to the OIS sequence. For the most part these are useful, but in one case, Fig. 2.11, the caption lacks sufficient Chapter 6 (“Recorded history”) first reviews several well- explanation. What are (a) and (b)? The former can be known cases of climate/culture interactions (e.g., salt in ancient understood from the original source where the data are Mesopotamia) updated with new data and interpretations. presented in a clearer format, but the latter is unexplained. I Burroughs then moves on to what he calls “the price of settling found the discussion of Heinrich and Dansgaard/Oeschger down” (p. 248) in which he argues there was “a high price to events useful in that I now think I understand just what they pay in terms of public health”. While there may be some validity mean and thus how to interpret them. I found the second half to this scenario, it is by no means universal and as he notes (starting with §2.6 “The end of the last ice age”) the most when discussing the Natufian-Neolithic transition, there may interesting and convincing in terms of my own research. The be other trajectories – local conditions must always be taken summary table (2.1) that gives a “climatic template” is useful. into account. Here, as elsewhere when discussing Burroughs concludes that the “radical shift in climatic variability” anthropological data, I am a bit concerned that he may not (p. 73) at the onset of the Holocene – a reduction in that have recognized the inadequacy of those data for the variability – must be seen as central to subsequent cultural reconstructions he is attempting. developments. No one would, I think, find anything here with which to disagree. Chapter 7 (“Our climatic inheritance”) explores “the implications for human development of the characteristics of Chapter 3 (“Life in the ice age”) uses examples drawn ice-age people...being markedly different to the requirements from all regions in an attempt to show the interrelation of climate of subsequent societies” (p. 261). In other words, whether our and human existence. While Burroughs does discuss both the biology has changed, partly in response to climate/culture good and the bad, his overall theme is to show that “survival of interactions. Few of us would, I think, argue against some the human race was a precarious business” (p. 75). In this interaction, but there is a deterministic emphasis here that regard, he draws interesting conclusions on the effects of concerns me. catastrophic events such as the Toba eruption at ca. 70 kyr, which he argues could have had “a significant impact on the In Chapter 8 (“The future”), Burroughs tries to draw size of the human population at the time” (p. 85). This leads together the data and interpretations of past climatic variability into a discussion of genetic mapping (§ 3.7 and 3.8) that I find and the effect of this variability on human societies with to be too accepting of the validity of mtDNA and Y chromosome predictions for what may be on the horizon. He seems cautiously mapping of extinct populations given the enormous difficulty optimistic, arguing that having successfully survived so many we are experiencing in the extraction and analysis of vicissitudes in the past, we will continue to do so in the future. page 26 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Burroughs’ theme throughout is that human existence in of the origin and development of early states and other aspects the past was at the mercy of the elements, and he refers related to the early city, its power and collapse. constantly to this in his choice of language (e.g., “ice-age shackles” on p. 197 as one of many examples). Although he Chapter 1 (The evolution of a factoid) begins with some maintains he is not being deterministic, I found it hard to avoid provocation by apologizing for the use of the term evolution (p. thinking at times that he was. Nonetheless, the book overall is 4). The chapter provides an analytical summary of the history interesting, useful, and often stimulating. Unfortunately, it is of the use of evolutionary theory to explain the phenomenon of marred by inadequate editing and far too many instances of the evolution of early states. In Chapter 2, the author moves sloppy proofreading and production in which words are missing on to neoevolutionary theory to understand the evolution of or sentences repeated. One does not expect this in a book power and how this power was manifested in the elites of from CUP. early states. Finally, he tries to explain the limits of neoevolutionary theory since it considers that the evolution of early states follows different trajectories and the triviality of some academic discussions. In Chapter 3, Yoffee presents the Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest city as a basic element for understanding early states. The Cities, States and Civilizations. Norman Yoffee, Cambridge examples that are presented come from the Near East, the University Press: London, 2005. xii+277 pp., 77 figures, 2 tables, Far East, Mesoamerican, and the Andes. In Chapter 4, he index. Price $75.00 (Hardback) ISBN 0-521-81837-0. Price analyzes the phenomenon of social complexity in societies of $34.00 (Paperback) ISBN 0-521-52156-4. the Near and Far East, seeing the examples of social organization and codification of the legal norms as examples Reviewed by Natalia Moragas, Universidad Autónoma del of political use on the part of elites. Chapter 5 discusses the Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y terms agency and identity, much in vogue now, through two Humanidades, Ctra. de Pachuca a Actopan, Km 4, CP case studies. Chapter 6 discusses the collapse of ancient states 49800, Pachuca de Soto (Hidalgo), México and civilizations as a classic in archaeological investigations, but a sociocultural phenomenon that still is little understood. The books of Norman Yoffee, Professor of Near Eastern Mesopotamia, another classic subject, is used as a case study Studies and Anthropology at the University of Michigan, are in which collapse is seen as the mutation of social identity and always awaited with great interest by the scientific community suffocation of cultural memory. Chapter 7 analyzes the fact that works in subjects related to the origin of early states and that social change follows different paths and models in different the development of the first cities in the Old and New World. societies. The case study draws on the societies of Chaco This book does not disappoint, and it provides us with an Canyon, New Mexico and the use that the leaders of this society interesting re-evaluation of old topics related to this subject. made of the ritual under its own model. Chapter 8 has a The title of the book, Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution suggestive title, “New rules of the game.” This chapter of the Earliest Cities, Status and Civilizations, captures the discusses new schemes of analysis within new comparative reader’s interest from the start. The academic trajectory of models (or not) in which history must have been a method to Yoffee is widely known by archaeologists who focus on the explain causes and effects and to understand the past on its early state societies in the Old World as well as the New World, own terms (p.195). Finally, Chapter 9 explains the elements and therefore this book promises to serve as a theoretical delineated in previous chapters to offer a dynamic image of reference. The author, from the first page of the book, states the understanding of the origin and early development of these that this is a book about early states, their evolution, their states. This chapter summarizes the trajectory of collapse, and what happens afterwards. Yoffee maintains that Mesopotamian cities under the new perspective of historical all early states have common characteristics: large territorial analysis that the author has tried to theorize in the previous systems ruled by totalitarian despots who controlled the flow chapters. of goods, services, and information and imposed law and order on their subjects (p. 2), and although the main example is This book turns out to be a useful tool for the professor as Mesopotamia, this study provides useful theoretical and well as for the student. The writing style is clear and simple, methodological references for the study of the development of but also academically strict with a good use of the bibliography. the early state in other parts of the world. From the beginning, In addition, it has certain touches of humour that make the this book is suggestive and interesting, and it makes us think reading of this book a pleasant experience. It is a about the old-new models of the development and use of recommendable book for anyone who is interested in the study evolutionary theories. of early societies and who is looking for a comprehensible text on the subject. It also is recommended for advanced The book consists of nine chapters that go from the undergraduate and graduate students in courses of natural and development of the author’s theoretical model to the study of social sciences. One of the virtues of this book is that the use archaeological cases of the Near East, yet with links to cases of the bibliography and the extensive knowledge of the author from the American continent and the Far East. The text do not prevent it from being read by students and academics, demonstrates the wide knowledge of Yoffee and his great ability who are not familiar with all of the archaeological cultures that to analyze and explain the essential points about the problem Yoffee uses to support his arguments. The author goes to the Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 27 crux of the question to debate with a line of argumentation that in the theory and practice of excavation and post-excavation is clear and simple, but also comprehensive and concrete. analysis. Chris Turney is a Fellow in Environmental Science at University of Wollongong, Australia and specialist in radiocarbon If there is something that can be criticized in this interesting dating. This range of specialties brings a breadth and depth to academic text, it is the almost exclusive use of certain this book that makes it an interesting and often thought provoking references. Although English can be considered the language read. of academic exchange, as a Mesoamericanist, I miss some academic works written by other groups of researchers that This is a reasonably priced paperback, providing an could have enriched further the content of this book. introduction to all areas of environmental archaeology, including a strong emphasis on geoarchaeology and stratigraphic Also the figures that accompany some of the chapters do interpretation. It is divided into five chapters, each of which not present clearly aspects discussed in the text. The figures begins with a summary, moves onto a discussion of techniques are not well referenced either. These are minor issues that are and then finishes with a series of illustrative case studies. easily corrected (perhaps in a future second edition). Chapter 1, An introduction to environmental archaeology. In conclusion, this book provides a comprehensive reading At first glance this introductory chapter begins conventionally of the questions about the evolution of early states, power and enough by seeking to define environmental archaeology. early cities as the place in which these models of sociocultural However, the book then moves on to tackle the differences in organization are developed. It offers a renewed image of philosophical background between archaeology and neoevolutionary theory giving an image of academic honesty environmental science, something that is often overlooked in while clearly delimiting the limitations of this theoretical model, manual type environmental archaeology texts, but which is vital but showing as well that it is possible to go beyond the theoretical to appreciate if archaeology and archaeological science are to limits to offer a re-evaluation of the evolution of early cities, be truly integrated. The structure for the rest of the book is states and civilizations. then set through a discussion of spatial and temporal scale. In later chapters case studies are provided representing micro, meso, macro, and mega-scale applications of the various techniques. Environmental Archaeology: Theoretical and Practical Approaches. Nick Branch, Matthew Canti, Peter Clark and Chapter 2, Defining the context: integrated approaches to Chris Turney, Hodder Arnold: London, UK, 2005. xvi + 240 stratigraphy. This second chapter covers stratigraphic pp., 94 figures, 11 tables, 7 boxes, index. Price: £22.99 description and interpretation, and the role of geoarchaeology (paperback). ISBN: 0-340-80871-3. in this process. It is essentially a discussion of field excavation methods and the importance of soil and sedimentary formation Reviewed by Clare Wilson, School of Biological and processes, thus providing a context for a debate about the Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 integration of geoarchaeology in the archaeological processes. 4LA, UK This background setting would provide a useful companion to recent specialist geoarchaeological publications, for example Environmental Archaeology: Theoretical and Practical Geoarchaeology in action (C. French; Routledge, UK, 2003) Approaches is the fifth and most recent book in the Key Issues and Practical and theoretical geoarchaeology (R. Macphail, in Environmental Change series edited by John Matthews, W. Matthews, and P. Goldberg; Blackwell Science, UK, 2005). Raymond Bradley, Neil Roberts, and Martin Williams. This series aims to explore the scale, intensity, and permanence of Chapter 3, Bioarchaeology: analyzing plant and animal human impacts on the environment in the context of past natural remains. Encompassing the range of micro and macrofossil environmental change. remains, this chapter provides a whistle-stop tour of archaeobotany and archaeozoology. Included is a brief Environmental archaeology has an important role in introduction to the analysis of pollen, diatoms, ostracods, fostering an understanding of the relationships and interactions foraminifera, cladocera, microscopic charred particles, faecal between humans and environmental change. The stated aim spherulites, earthworm granules, phytoliths and starch grains, of this book is to encourage the integration of the complex seeds and plant macro components, wood and charcoal, interaction of humans with environmental systems within cultural mollusks, insects, and invertebrate remains in archaeology. The histories based on the results of material excavations. discussion concentrates on the concepts and methods used in the analysis of each group of remains and of the significance The invited authors represent a wide range of disciplines of problems of identification, analysis, and taphonomy for and backgrounds. Nick Branch is a lecturer in environmental interpretation. Sampling and recovery methods are discussed; archaeology based at Royal Holloway, University of London, case studies include the Lindow Moss bog body, the pan- UK. Matthew Canti is a geoarchaeologist at the Centre for European Elm decline, the environmental context of hunting, Archaeology, English Heritage, UK. Peter Clark is Deputy gathering, and farming in the northern Mediterranean, and Director of Canterbury Archaeological Trust, UK and specialist hunting and farming in early prehistoric South America. page 28 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Chapter 4: Dating and numerical analysis: the age and Australian examples. This, together with the thoughtful significance of environmental evidence. The chapter begins theoretical discussion and the emphasis in Chapter 2 on with a brief introduction to statistical concepts of normal stratigraphic analysis, result in a book relevant to an international distribution, standard deviation, accuracy and precision before audience. It is a well written, well structured, and consequently moving on to ordination and time series methods. I felt that an immensely readable book. I would suggest that anyone with perhaps there was a missed opportunity to more fully address even a passing interest in environmental archaeology or the interpretation of statistical output in relation to cultural stratigraphic interpretation will find this a valuable read. remains, but I’m sure the introduction to multivariate techniques will be welcomed by many students. The rest of the chapter is given over to the discussion of dating techniques including relative, age-equivalent, incremental, and radiometric methods. Images and Artefacts of the Ancient World. Alan Bowman The principles, methods and problems of each technique are and Michael Brady (editors), Oxford University Press: New introduced. The desirability of multi-dating methods is illustrated York, 2005. xiv + 150 pp., 153 figures, 1 table. Price: $55.00 through case studies. (paper). ISBN 0-19-726296-1.

Chapter 5: Integrated studies in environmental archaeology. Reviewed by Robert Schon, University of Arizona, This final chapter presents four case studies – the Dover Department of Classics, Learning Services Building Room Bronze Age boat, the prehistoric human environment of the 203, 1512 East 1st St., PO Box 210105, Tucson, AZ 85721- London Thames, irrigation, salinity and culture in ancient 0105 USA Mesopotamia, and megafuanal extinction and human settlement – demonstrating the application of these techniques within This book showcases a number of collaborative research integrated environmental and archaeological studies. projects undertaken by experts in a diverse range of fields including, but not limited to, history, archaeology, computer The scope of the book means that each subject can only engineering, medical imaging, and optics. The goal of the book be touched on, essentially providing a whistle-stop tour of is to highlight current imaging technologies that can be applied environmental archaeology in its broadest sense. However, the to ancient objects. The editors group the fifteen chapters into book is very well referenced, and most subject areas are also six topical categories, which do not correspond to the sequence provided with internet addresses where more information can of the chapters. In the interest of simplicity, though, I will stick be obtained, including links to research websites and to them in the following summary. photographic databases. The web-addresses are correct at this time, and many appear to have been chosen for their apparent In Chapter 1, Bowman and Tomlin discuss problems in the relative permanency as well as scientific content, though over reading and interpretation of stylus tablets found at the Roman time many of these addresses will inevitably become redundant. military outpost of Vindolanda in Great Britain. Their article The book is well illustrated; however, in Chapter 2 when focuses on the act of interpreting an inscription and how even stratigraphic sections and soil profiles are pictured, the absence the most accurate image can be prone to ambiguous readings. of colour photographs sometimes leaves the reader unclear Chapter 2, by Brady et al., continues the discussion of the about the true nature of the features being illustrated. Vindolanda stylus tablets and describes a method that clarifies the extremely shallow incisions preserved on them. This method This book claims to be aimed at students and junior eliminates much of the visual ‘background noise’ and also fills researchers in environmental archaeology, and indeed it would in gaps between strokes, helping scholars better read the texts. be a worthwhile acquisition for anyone in this target group. It Vandecasteele et al. (Chapter 3) discuss a method of image provides an illustrated introduction to the range of techniques manipulation that produces photographs of Assyrian cuneiform that can be used to investigate the relationships between humans tablets with up to 95 percent legibility. This method not only and their environment, and an insight into the theoretical provides an archive, but also increases the efficiency of work paradigms of archaeological science and the way this fits in the field, which often relies on copying the tablets by hand. (sometimes uncomfortably) within modern archaeology. However, this book is more than a scientific manual of In Chapter 9, Wallace discusses the benefits and drawbacks environmental archaeology. The focus on the theoretical of two laser scanning techniques, triangulation and time-of- backgrounds to archaeology and archaeological science and flight (TOF). Wallace’s team developed a technique of TOF the integration of environmental archaeology within archaeology scanning using time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). together with the case study illustrations of what environmental They tested the TCSPC technique on objects from 5 cm to 25 archaeology can contribute to archaeological interpretation m in size and consistently achieved sub-millimeter accuracy. make this an invaluable aid to archaeological policy makers In Chapter 4, Swantesson and Gustavson apply the triangulation and archaeological excavators. scanning technique to runic inscriptions. While laser scanning is not a substitute for autopsy, it obviates the need for excessive Overall the book has a UK-oriented feel; however the revisits to a monument and provides an archival record of authors have international research programs, hence the case cultural resources that are in a perpetual state of slow, but studies include not only British but also South American and steady, decay. Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 29 Kaudelka and Fastner (Chapter 12) report on a project Neave and Prag (Chapter 14) discuss the application of that set out to document Roman Terra Sigillata pottery bearing facial reconstruction, often used to aid in the identification of appliqué decoration in the region of Noricum using homicide victims, to ancient skulls. The authors note that in photogrammetry. They hoped that through standardized this field computerized modeling is less effective than the documentation they could compare examples of this widely traditional methods of modeling in clay, because the skill of the distributed pottery type better. In addition to illustrating their artist is paramount. In Chapter 15, Linney, Campos, and Alusi methods, the article outlines the nearly twenty-year history of apply CT imaging to a Roman mummy in order to gage the their project and the challenges that ensue when one works accuracy of its portrait. Such imaging is essential in facial with rapidly changing technology. In Chapter 6, Fitzgibbon, reconstructions when access to the skull is impossible. Cross and Zisserman present a method of creating 3D representations of an object using a series of photographs taken While not a comprehensive manual of archaeological as it rotates on a turntable. The technique does not handle imaging, this book is an excellent survey of cutting edge work problems of occlusion as effectively as laser imaging methods in the field. The articles touch upon a number of common (see Chapter 9), but it does have the advantage of replicating themes. First is the nature of interdisciplinary cooperation. decorated surfaces, such as on a painted vase. In Chapter 13, These collaborations not only show how technology can help Cipolla and Wong present a similar technique and further the archaeologist, but also highlight how technicians adjust their emphasize how profiles of objects taken from photographs can work when approaching humanistic questions. Second, many be analyzed to produce 3D images. By having the photographs chapters exhibit a critical self-awareness of the problems taken from a circumferential vantage point, large objects such created when plausible reconstructions inhibit attempts at as sculpture can also be modeled. alternative interpretations. They acknowledge that improved imaging helps reduce, but does not eliminate, subjectivity in Denard (Chapter 7) reports on a University of Warwick interpretation. One problematic exception to this concession is project to create a three-dimensional digital model of Rome’s the paper by Neave and Prag who continue to insist that their Theater of Pompey and its surrounding buildings- an important reconstruction of a skull from Vergina proves the identity of monument that is severely under-documented due to its the individual (based on a facial scar) to be Philip II, although incorporation into multiple subsequent buildings. Other overwhelming archaeological evidence has been presented to advantages of the model are that it aids in the placement of the contrary (see Science, April 21, 2000). excavation trenches, is adaptable to new data, and takes into account the dangers of creating false plausibility when using The utility of the projects vary considerably from the virtual reality. In Chapter 8, Van Gool and his team write about essential to the entertaining. The digital reconstruction of the Murale consortium working at Sagalassos in Turkey. The Pompey’s Theater and the clarification of tablets provide focus of this article is the project’s methods of 3D shape information that can be gained in no other way. On the other acquisition and surface texture reconstruction. Three- end of the scale, knowing what an ancient person looked like dimensional reconstructions are made using conventional has little scholarly value, but certainly raises public interest. photographs (for architecture) and using a ShapeSnatcher system (for sculpture and potsherds). The simulation of texture, Overall, the articles present a good balance of based on sample images and a computer algorithm, allows the archaeological problems and scientific techniques. While the modelers to emulate the natural appearance of architecture equipment used to capture images is thoroughly described, the and the landscape. Greenhalgh (Chapter 5), in what should computer software used to manipulate data almost never is. have been the first (or the last) chapter of the book offers a Many of the papers are based on larger research projects and review and critique of the numerous tools used to create three- these are often inadequately cited. Numerous websites are dimensional reconstructions of sites and artifacts. His focus is mentioned and an index summarizing them would have been on the utility of virtual reality as a pedagogic tool. helpful. The US$55 price of the book might limit its sales, but readers surely will apply a number of articles to a traditional Howgego (Chapter 11) outlines some potential benefits of imaging technique- the copy machine. applying advanced visual imagery to the study of numismatics. He cites a number of sources of distortion that currently hinder the comparison of coins and dies, and suggests that digital image capture and software, such as that used in fingerprint analysis, Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary may allow scholars to eliminate, or at least minimize, some of Archaeology for the New Millennium. Gordon F.M. Rakita, the biases inherent in relying on photographs. Chapter 10 stands Jane E. Buikstra, Lane A. Beck, and Sloan R. Williams, out from the other articles by explicitly examining the relationship University Press of Florida: Gainesville, 2005. xii + 390 pp., 70 between the image and the observer. Koenderink outlines a figures, 28 tables, index. Price: $75.00 (cloth). ISBN: 0-8130- psychophysical experiment in which subjects create a ‘pictorial 2856-6. relief’ by superimposing ellipses at varying orientations onto photographs of objects. Results are compared in terms of the Reviewed by Andrew K. Scherer, Department of Sociology variability between observers and in terms of the effect of and Anthropology, Wagner College, 1 Campus Road, Staten different vantage points on a single observer. Island, NY 10301 USA page 30 SAS Bulletin 29(3) Rakita, Buikstra, Beck, and Williams have compiled an cremation within the broader context of rites of passage (ch. edited monograph that demonstrates the current state of theory 7). Heertz generalized these practices as simply strategies to and methodology in mortuary archaeology. According to the accelerate the transformation of the corpse into its final state. editors, “this volume represents the fourth in a series of edited Rakita and Buikstra offer more culturally-specific volumes on the archaeology of mortuary behavior” (p. 1) that interpretations of these rituals through a close examination of began with James A. Brown’s Approaches to the Social Andean mummification and cremation in the American Dimensions of Mortuary Practices and continued with Robert Southwest. They suggest that cremation among Kachina Chapman and colleagues’ The Archaeology of Death and societies was a strategy to remove the corpse from the living Lane Beck’s Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. world and transform the deceased into a powerful ancestor The majority of the contributions in Interacting with the Dead spirit. Inca mummification, on the other hand, was a strategy originated as papers in two symposia from the Society for for locking the ancestors into a permanent liminal state where American Archaeology Annual Meeting in 2001. The volume they were imbued with sacred power. In the first of the two is organized into three thematic sections: “Theories, Time, and ethnographic chapters, Suzanne Oakdale illustrates that the Space,” “Bodies and Souls,” and “Sacrifice, Violence, and Kayabi of Brazil make a metaphorical connection between the Veneration.” The contributions are a mix of what have deceased and the memory of their enemies as a strategy for traditionally been characterized as “mortuary archaeology” and hastening the mourning process (ch. 8). A. Martin Byers offers “bioarchaeology,” though many of the chapters integrate these an interpretation of Hopewell (American Midwest) mortuary two approaches. There are also two ethnographic chapters on practices that emphasizes the importance of understanding modern mortuary practices that provide a nice contrast to the burials as the product of mortuary processes, not mortuary studies of ancient burials and human remains. events (ch. 9). In what is perhaps a stretch of ethnographic analogy, Byers grounds his interpretation of the mortuary record The first section, “Theories, Time, and Space,” is by applying a modern pan-American Indian world view to the thematically broad in that it includes works that deal with “time, Hopewell (ca 200 B.C. to A.D. 400). Sonia Guillén provides space, and the impact of different theoretical and methodological an enlightening summary of Chinchorro and other Andean approaches” (p. 13). In the first contributed chapter, Douglas mummification practices, though little is offered beyond the Charles offers an overall critique of theory and practice in the descriptive data presented (ch. 10). Beck interprets the archaeology of death (ch. 2). Using examples primarily from variability in Hohokam (American Southwest) cremation the mortuary record of the Illinois River Valley, Charles aptly practices by linking archaeological observations with argues that a truly anthropological approach is one that bridges ethnographic data (ch. 11). Her chapter would have benefited processual interest in diachronic and synchronic mortuary from a more complete presentation of the data, so it is difficult variability to a postprocessual concern with interpretation of to evaluate her conclusions. Estella Weiss-Krejci compiles an individual details of the burial record. Robert Chapman reviews interesting descriptive summary of the Medieval European two mortuary case studies from Europe and argues that more funerary practices that produced dismemberment and secondary nuanced analyses of mortuary chronology are needed if we interment of corpses (ch. 12). Stephan Naji considers the wish to properly identify temporal trends in burial practices phenomenon of crowding and burial disturbance at a medieval and understand how these changes do (or do not) relate to monastery cemetery in France and suggests that a broader social transformations (ch. 3). Aubrey Cannon preoccupation with interring the recently deceased within a considers gender and agency in mortuary fashion in a variety sacred space was the motivation for the practice (ch. 13). In of European contexts and among the Seneca of New York the second ethnographic chapter, Nancy Malville provides an (ch. 4). For the cases he presents, Cannon argues that since overview of modern Tibetan mortuary practices (ch. 14). women were responsible for burying their husbands, changes Malville’s contribution should give archaeologists pause in that in mortuary patterns, particularly of male burials, reflect the preferred methods of corpse-processing in Tibet, cremation women’s agency in transforming burial practices. The and scavenging by vultures and other animals, are two practices presentation of mortuary data from a variety of cultural contexts that could easily be mistaken for acts of desecration if the is a strongpoint of Cannon’s contribution. In their analysis of broader cultural context were not understood. Chiribaya (Peru) political economy, Buikstra and colleagues illustrate that the interpretative power of bioarchaeological data The final section of the book, “Sacrifice, Violence, and are greatly increased when multiple lines of evidence are used Veneration,” highlights various contexts where disarticulated and integrated with the broader archaeological context (ch. 5). and dismembered bodies are encountered in the archaeological Using examples from Classic Maya royal burials, Wendy record. While this section forms the most unified portion of the Ashmore and Pamela Gellar reiterate the argument that both book, many of the chapters in the previous section would have the spatial positioning of mortuary features and the arrangement worked equally well here. William Duncan provides a carefully of objects within burials are significant (ch. 6). contextualized analysis of skull caches and disarticulated skeletal remains among the Late Postclassic Maya (ch. 15). Duncan’s The second section, “Bodies and Souls,” is the most piece is useful in that it underscores the importance of avoiding thematically broad section of the volume. The section opens the automatic interpretation that disarticulated remains were with a strong contribution by Rakita and Buikstra that the product of acts of sacrifice and desecration, a common reexamines Heertz’s interpretation of mummification and problem in the literature for the Maya. Assuming a cautionary Fall 2006 SAS Bulletin page 31 perspective, Ann Stodder offers an analysis of a deposit of Upcoming Conferences fragmented human and faunal remains from Papua New Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff, Associate Editor Guinea, some of which bear evidence of perimortem modification (ch. 16). Rather than limiting her analysis to a 2006 “cannibalism or not” line of inquiry, she explores a range of 23-28 August. International Council for Archaeozoology (ICAZ) ethnohistorically documented funerary rituals in Papua New 2006, Mexico City, Mexico. General information: http:// Guinea that are consistent with the composition of these kinds www.nmnh.si.edu/icaz. of deposits. Kathleen Forgey and Sloan Williams consider the etiology and significance of Nazca (Peru) trophy heads (ch. 29 August-1 September. Quaternary Research Association 5th 17). Despite their thoughtful consideration of the osteological, International Postgraduate Symposium, Ediburgh, Scotland. archaeological, and ethnographic data, they are unable to Contact: Email: [email protected]. General information: http:/ conclude whether the trophy heads were the product of /www.geos.ed.ac.uk/conferences/qrapg2006. veneration or desecration. Their chapter illustrates the challenges inherent in mortuary studies: despite our best efforts, 4-9 September. International Union for Prehistoric and meaning can sometimes prove elusive. John Verano, working Protohistoric Sciences. Lisbon, Portugal. General information: with well-preserved Moche (Peru) remains from the Pyramid http://www.uispp.ipt.pt/. of the Moon, presents a strong argument for the sacrificial nature of this deposit (ch. 18). To make his case, Verano 10-14 September. 232nd National Meeting and Exposition, summarizes the evidence for perimortem trauma and American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Francisco, dismemberment and contextualizes the data with a careful CA USA. General information: http://www.acs.org. reading of the archaeological and iconographic records. Beck and Sievert argue that the skeletal remains dredged from the 13-16 September. Archaeological Sciences of the Americas waters of the Sacred Cenote at Chichén Itzá, Mexico may Symposium, Tucson, AZ, USA. Major themes: 1) have been the product of any combination of sacrifice by Geoarchaeology, 2) Conservation Studies and Ephemeral drowning, dismemberment of sacrificial victims, suicide, Remains, 3) Spatial Analysis and Remote Sensing, 4) convenient corpse disposal, or the offering of retained skeletal Chronometry, 5) Human-Environmental Interaction, 6) Material elements of venerated ancestors (ch. 19). In the final chapter Culture Studies Contact: R. Emerson Howell of the book, Judith McNeill provides an overview of the use of ([email protected]) or AJ Vonarx human long bones for the manufacture of spear points in ([email protected]). General information: http:// prehistoric Guam (ch. 20). Interestingly, the long bones were asas06.ltc.arizona.edu/. extracted from otherwise articulated primary burials. In some instances, the human bone spear points were used to slay other 27-29 September. Synchrotron Radiation in Art and people, as demonstrated by the recovery of an individual with Archaeology, Berlin, Germany. Contact: [email protected] 10 points embedded within various parts of the body. General information: http://www.bessy.de/ front_content.php?idcatart=573. Overall, Rakita and colleagues are to be commended for putting together an interesting volume on the current state of 15-19 October. Materials Science & Technology 2005 (MS&T mortuary archaeology. The three key strengths of Interacting ‘06), Cincinnati, OH, USA. General info: http:// with the Dead are (1) the geographic and cultural diversity www.matscitech.org. represented, (2) its consideration of human remains in both burial and non-burial contexts, and (3) the inclusion of 22-25 October. Annual Meeting of the Geological Society contributions from a variety of methodological and theoretical of America, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Several sessions with perspectives in archaeology, bioarchaeology, and socio-cultural archaeological geology themes. For more information: anthropology. As a result of this diversity, however, the thematic [email protected]. General information: http:// unity of some sections of the volume is not always apparent. www.geosociety.org/meetings/2006/. Further, the quality of the contributions is at times uneven. Some authors struggle in their ability to transition from the mortuary 6-12 November. UNESCO International Symposium/ data to broader interpretations and conclusions. Workshop on Natural Dyes Shilpa Kala Vedika, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, India. Contact: Ms. Dr. Dominique Cardon - Nonetheless, there are many strong chapters in Interacting [email protected]. General information: http:// with the Dead that offer new insights to the study of the www.naturaldyes.org/events.htm#cci2006. archaeology of death. This is especially true of those pieces that skillfully combine bioarchaeological data on human remains 12-16 November. Winter Meeting of the American Nuclear with insightful analyses of the broader archaeological record. Society, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Special Session: Nuclear When placed within the legacy of previous archaeological Archaeometry. Session contact: Michael D. Glascock, studies of death, Interacting with the Dead succeeds by [email protected]. General information: Stephen P. highlighting how far the field has progressed, while illuminating LaMont, Isotopes and Radiation Division, [email protected] the challenges that lay ahead. http://ans.org/meetings/index.cgi?c=n. Department of Anthropology University of South Florida Non Profit Org. 4202 E. Fowler Ave., SOC 107 U.S. POSTAGE PAID Tampa FL 33620-8100 USA Tampa, FL Permit No. 257 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

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SAS Bulletin Staff SAS Executive Officers, 2005-2007 Editor: E. Christian Wells, Department of Anthropology, University of President: Aaron Shugar, Art Conservation Department, Buffalo State South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33620-8100, College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222, USA; tel 716-878 USA; tel 813-974-2337; fax 813-974-2668; email [email protected] 5031; fax 716-878-5039; email [email protected] Associate Editor, Archaeological Ceramics: Charles C. Kolb, Division of Vice President/President-elect: Thilo Rehren, Institute of Archaeology, Preservation and Access, National Endowment for the Humanities, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, Room 411, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506, UK; tel 44(0)20-7679-4757; fax 44(0)20-7383-2572; email USA; tel 202-606-8250; fax 202-606-8639; email [email protected] [email protected] Associate Editor, Archaeological Chemistry: Nora Reber, Anthropology Past President: Gregory Hodgins, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, NSF Program, University of North Carolina, 601 S. College Road, Arizona AMS Facility, 1118 E. 4th Street, University of Arizona, Box Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; tel 910-962-7734; email 0081, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; tel 520-621-3619; fax 520-621-4721; [email protected] email [email protected] Associate Editor, Archaeological Soil Science: Jane A. Entwistle, Geography, Internet and the World Wide Web: Destiny Crider and Arleyn W. Simon, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Sandyford Road, Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; tel 44(0)191-227-3017; fax AZ 85287-2402, USA; tel 602-965-9231; fax 602-965-7671; email 44(0)191-227-4715; email [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Associate Editor, Archaeometallurgy: Roger C.P. Doonan, Department of SASnet: James Burton, Department of Anthropology, University of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1393, USA; tel 608-262-4505; fax Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK; tel 44(0)11-4222-2939; fax 44(0)11-4272- 608-265-4216; email jhburton@ facstaff.wisc.edu 563; email [email protected] Vice President for Intersociety Relations: Adrian Burke, Département Associate Editor, Bioarchaeology: Gordon F.M. Rakita, Department of d’Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, succursale Centre- Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminal Justice, University of North ville. Montréal QC H3C 3J7, Canada; tel 514-343-6909; email Florida, Building 2, Room 1100, 4567 St. Johns Bluff Rd., South [email protected] Jacksonville, FL 32224-2659, USA; tel 904-620-1658; fax 904-620- Vice President for Membership Development: AJ Vonarx, Department of 2540; email [email protected] Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030; tel Associate Editor, Book Reviews: Stacey N. Lengyel, Statistical Research, 520-881-3407; fax 520-621-2088; email [email protected] Inc., 6099 E. Speedway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA; tel 520-721- Publications Coordinator: Robert H. Tykot, Department of Anthropology, 4309; fax 520-298-7044; email [email protected] University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620- Associate Editor, Dating: Gregory Hodgins, Physics and Atmospheric 8100, USA; tel 813-974-7279; fax 813-974-2668; email Sciences, NSF Arizona AMS Facility, 1118 E. 4th Street, University of [email protected] Arizona, Box 0081, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; tel 520-621-3619; fax SAS Editor for Archaeometry: James Burton, Department of Anthropology, 520-621-4721; email [email protected] University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1393, USA; tel Associate Editor, Geoarchaeology: David D. Kuehn, David Kuehn 608-262-4505; fax 608-265-4216; email [email protected] Consulting, 311 Zenith Drive, El Paso, TX 79912, USA; tel 915-771- Editor, Archaeometry: Mark Pollard, Research Laboratory for Archaeology 7887; fax 915-771-0325; email [email protected] and the History of Art, Oxford University, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 Associate Editor, Meeting Calendar: Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff, 3QJ, UK; tel 44-(0) 1865-515211; fax 44-(0) 1865-273932; email Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 [email protected] USA; tel 573-882-5286, email [email protected] Editor, Journal of Archaeological Science: TBA Associate Editor, Remote Sensing and GIS: Apostolos Sarris, Laboratory SAS Representative on the International Symposium on Archaeometry of Geophysical-Satellite Remote Sensing & Archaeoenvironment, committee: Sarah Wisseman, Ancient Technologies and Materials Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Melissinou & Nikiforou Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 116 Observatory, Foka 130, P.O. Box 119, Rethymnon 74100, Crete, Greece; tel MC 190, 901 S. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; tel 217-333-6629; (30)-831-25146; fax (30)-831-25810; e-mail [email protected] fax 217-244-3490; email [email protected]

SAS Administration Published quarterly by the Society for Archaeological Sciences General Secretary: Robert Sternberg, Department of Earth and Environ- Distributed to subscribers: $20/yr regular membership; $15.00 student & retired; ment, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA; $30.00 institutional; $300 lifetime. Individuals add $105.00/yr for Journal of tel 717-291-4134; fax 717-291-4186; email [email protected] Archaeological Science; $35/year for Archaeometry. ISSN 0899-8922.