DOCSLIB.ORG

Community Policing As a Strategy to Prevent Crime

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Community Policing As a Strategy to Prevent Crime COMMUNITY POLICING AS A STRATEGY TO PREVENT CRIME BY JOHN TUUFIILWA NYANYA SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER’S IN POLICING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: RIKA SNYMAN JULY 2017 I II Summary The aim of the research was to understand the kind of relationship that exists among officers and other stakeholders in prevention of crime, regarding the purposes of fighting crime in the Zambezi region. This research would want to determine the strength of the relationships and the roles of trust between the police and society to address the research question which exactly refers to what is to be investigated. A qualitative design was used, an approach that involved the analysing and interpreting texts as well as interviews. The study established that there is a poor relationship among stakeholders who actually maintain law and order and that the majority of them were the main contributing factors for the poor implementation of community policing which resulted in poor crime prevention as well. Community policing can only be effectively implemented under the mandate and function of community policing forums as stipulated in the Namibian Police Act 19 of 1990. III Key terms: Community; Crime; Forums; Partnership; Policing; Prevention; Problem Solving Strategy; Zambezi region; Relationship; and Stakeholders IV Abbreviations AU – African Union CCTV- Closed Circuit Television COP – Community Oriented Policing CPFB – Community Police Forum Boards. CPTED – Crime Prevention through Environmental Design NAMPOL – Namibian Police NCPS – National Crime Prevention Strategy. SAPS – South African Police Service S.A.R.A. – Scanning Analysis Response and Assessment model. SCP – Situational Crime Prevention UN – United Nations SWAPO – South-west African People′s Organisation PLAN – People′s Liberation Army of Namibia CPTEJ – Crime prevention through effective justice V TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ORIENTATION..................................................................1 1.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................1 1.2. Profile of the policing area .................................................................................1 1.2.1. Crime information............................................................................................2 1.2.2. Number of community policing areas..............................................................3 1.3. Problem statement.............................................................................................3 1.4. The research question, aim and objectives of the Research.............................4 1.5. Key theoretical concepts....................................................................................5 1.5.1. Community Policing.........................................................................................5 1.5.2. Crime prevention.............................................................................................6 1.6. Value of the Research........................................................................................7 1.7. Summary............................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY POLICING AS A STRATEGY IN CRIME PREVENTION.........................................................................................9 2.1. Introduction........................................................................................................9 2.2. The development of community policing...........................................................9 2.3. Legal frameworks on community policing in Namibia......................................15 2.4. Community policing legislation.........................................................................17 2.5. The mandate and function of Community Police Forums in Namibia..............18 2.6. Best practices in Community Policing..............................................................19 2.7. Summary..........................................................................................................24 CHAPTER: 3. AN OVERVIEW OF GENERAL CRIME PREVENTION MODELS........................................................................................25 3.1. Introduction........................................................................…..........................25 3.2. The range of causes of crime.........................................................................25 3.2.1. Biophysical factors.......................................................................................26 3.2.2. Intra-and inter-psychic factors...................................... ...............................27 3.2.3. Sociological factors......................................................................................27 VI 3.2.4. Mechanical and physical factors..................................................................28 3.3. Crime prevention strategies............................................................................29 3.3.1. Primary prevention.......................................................................................30 3.3.2. Secondary prevention..................................................................................31 3.3.3. Tertiary prevention.......................................................................................32 3.4. Specific crime prevention models............................................…....................34 3.4.1. Situational crime prevention.........................................................................34 3.4.2. Crime prevention through environmental design.........................................36 3.4.3. Social crime prevention................................................................................38 3.4.4. Crime prevention through effective justice...................................................41 3.6. Problem solving model: S.A.R.A. Model.........................................................43 3.6.1. Scanning......................................................................................................44 3.6.2. Analysis.......................................................................................................45 3.6.3. Response....................................................................................................46 3.6.4. Assessment.................................................................................................47 3.7. Summary........................................................................................................48 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY............................................................................50 4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................50 4.2. Research design and approach.....................................................................50 4.3. Target population and sampling....................................................................51 4.4. Data collection...............................................................................................52 4.5. Data analysis.................................................................................................54 4.6. Trustworthiness of the data............................................................................55 4.7. Ethical consideration......................................................................................57 4.8. Summary........................................................................................................59 CHAPTER 5: Analysis of the data.........................................................................61 5.1. Introduction....................................................................................................61 5.2. The manner in which community policing was introduced, communicated and implemented..........................................................................61 5.3. The role-players in crime prevention and community policing strategy..........63 5.4. Discretionary implementation and challenges during community VII policing guidelines.................................................................................................65 5.5. Attendances of community policing meetings and the impact on crime reduction in Katima-Mulilo......................................................................................66 5.6. The manner in which community policing should be improved and the benefit of community policing in Katima-Mulilo..................................................68 5.7. The biggest crime problem and satisfaction about services rendered by the police to the community in Katima-Mulilo......................................................70 5.8. The relationship and the manner in which police and the community interacted during community policing in Katima-Mulilo areas..................................72 5.9. Summary............................................................................................................73 CHAPTER 6: INTERPRETATION OF THE FINDINGS.............................................75 6.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................75 6.2. Scanning.............................................................................................................75 6.2.1. The biggest crime problem
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Specialised Units in the Saps – a Case Study of the Waterwing in Gauteng
    SPECIALISED UNITS IN THE SAPS – A CASE STUDY OF THE WATERWING IN GAUTENG by ROLAND BOOYSEN submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER OF TECHNOLOGIAE in the subject POLICING at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF H F SNYMAN MARCH 2009 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated in the memory of Inspector Johan Erasmus – a Waterwing member, colleague and good friend, who died so unexpectedly and so young, on 17 September 2008. Mooi loop my vriend. DECLARATION STATEMENT I declare that SPECIALISED UNITS IN THE SAPS – A CASE STUDY OF THE WATERWING IN GAUTENG, is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. R. Booysen DECLARATION I, Maria Petronella Roodt, hereby declare that I have proofread and edited the dissertation by Mr R Booysen. My qualifications are as follows: BA with major in English, BA Hons (English) and MA in English(Applied Linguistics). I have extensive experience in proofreading and editing and can be contacted at the following address: [email protected] . My telephone number is 0822025167. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To begin with I would like to put in words my indebtness to my All-Powerful God; without Him nothing is possible. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the following people who have contributed to my study: My Supervisor, Prof. Rika Snyman, for her priceless encouragement, support and guidance throughout the study. To Linkie, for her untiring inspiration and administrative input. To my uncle and aunt, Dr. Tim Wickins and Ineke Wickins, for their valuable support and time in proofreading throughout the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Causes of Resignations of Detectives from The
    INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES OF RESIGNATIONS OF DETECTIVES FROM THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DIVISION OF THE NAMIBIA POLICE FORCE IN WINDHOEK 2008-2014 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY ABSALOM NAMWEYA 200602748 September 2017 SUPERVISOR: DR S.B. LWENDO ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate the causes of resignations and inter-ministerial transfers from the Criminal Investigation Directorate (CID); to determine the effects of resignations and inter- ministerial transfers on service delivery in CID; to explore the security challenges posed by such resignations and inter-ministerial transfers to Namibia and to suggest ways of reducing the resignation of police officers from NAMPOL. This study adopted a qualitative research design and the instruments for data collection were a questionnaire and interviews. A sample size of 27 respondents provided answers to questions raised in the questionnaires and interviews. The respondents were drawn from various governments’ institutions, parastatals and private institutions that are currently employing former CID employees. This study revealed that the exodus of employees from NAMPOL in general and CID in particular is because of low remuneration and desire to pursue career development was one of the main contributing factors for high resignations from the CID. This study further revealed that work overload coupled with lack of remuneration for overtime work contributed to the decisions of resigning from NAMPOL by the employees who felt that the work they did was too much and the compensation for overtime work did not match the effort put in.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourth-Workshop-Lomé-English-1.Pdf
    TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 6 INTRODUCTION . 7 Foreword . 10 WHY DO WE need to strengtHEN THE comPetencies OF POLICE officers and gendarmes working alongside CHildren? . 12 Background to THE comPetencY-BASED APProacH Promoted BY THE International Bureau FOR CHildren’S RIGHTS. .. 14 On the way to Ouagadougou, October 2009 . 14 On the way to Cotonou, December 2010 . 14 On the way to Dakar, September 2011, and Niamey, November 2011 . 15 Six core competencies approved by experts and endorsed by the police and gendarmerie academies . 17 Types of competencies . 18 Behavioral indicators . 18 Identification of core competencies on child rights competencies for security forces . 19 Description of core competencies . 20 Description of core competencies for security forces working alongside children . 21 The IBCR’s child rights training programme aims at building the competencies of security forces through the principles of andragogy . 27 THE origin OF national PROJects in West and Central Africa . 28 The nine main steps of implementation . 29 What do we mean by “different levels of training” and “training toolkits”? . 30 Main project implementation strategies . 32 Summary of key objectives . 33 LOMÉ meeting, NOVember 2012 . 34 Lessons learned from IBCR’S imPlementation OF national PROJects in collaboration WITH securitY FORCES. 35 Advocacy . 35 Networking and ownership . 36 Communication and planning . 37 Familiarity with the national context - partnerships . 38 Conclusion . .. 40 NATIONAL PLANS OF ACTION DEVELOPED BY PARTICIPANTS IN LOMÉ, NOVEMBER 2012 . 41 ANNEX 1 – Training mapping report in participating countries . .. 71 Annex 2 – A comparison between participating countries: Country Profile and Institutional Framework . 86 Annex 3 – A comparison between participating countries: Training centres and their infrastructures .
    [Show full text]
  • Criminalizing-Condoms-20120717.Pdf
    Criminalizing Condoms HOW POLICING PRACTICES PUT SEX WORKERS AND HIV SERVICES AT RISK IN KENYA, NAMIBIA, RUSSIA, SOUTH AFRICA, THE UNITED STATES, AND ZIMBABWE “We use condoms to protect ourselves from HIV/AIDS, but they don’t allow us to carry them, so how can we protect ourselves?” —A sex worker in Cape Town, South Africa Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................. 2 Key Findings ........................................................................... 3 Methodology and Note on Future Research ......................... 5 Condoms and Contraband ..................................................... 9 Consequences of Condom Confi scation and Destruction and the Use of Condoms as Evidence of Sex Work ............... 18 Criminalization of Sex Work Undermines HIV Prevention ... 23 Recommendations ................................................................. 29 Acknowledgments This report is a publication of the Sexual Health and Rights Project of the Open Society Foundations. The Open Society Foundations and its partners extend thanks to the sex work- ers and outreach workers who shared their experiences with us. We recognize that they did so in an effort to bring an end to police harassment and abuse. Research for this report was conducted in August and September 2011 in six countries: KENYA l NAMIBIA l RUSSIA l SOUTH AFRICA l THE UNITED STATES l ZIMBABWE RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED BY: • Bar Hostess Empowerment and Support Programme (BHESP) l Kenya • Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) l Kenya • The Red Umbrella (TRU) l Namibia • The Saint Petersburg Charitable Public Organization for Support of Social Initiatives (Assistance) l Russia • Women’s Legal Centre (WLC) l South Africa • Providers and Resources Offering Services to Sex Workers (The PROS Network) l United States • Sexual Rights Centre (SRC) l Zimbabwe The report was written by ACACIA SHIELDS, a consultant to the Open Society Foundations.
    [Show full text]
  • Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal
    United Nations A/CONF.213/MISC.1/Rev.2 Twelfth Distr.: General United Nations Congress 19 June 2010 on Crime Prevention and Original:English, French, Spanish Criminal Justice Salvador, Brazil, 12-19 April 2010 Provisional List of Participants Liste Provisoire des Participants Lista Provisional de Participants States ALGERIA Taous FEROUKHI, Ambassadeur, Représentant Permanent, Chef de la Délégation Nabil HATTALI, Chargé de Mission, Présidence de la République Abderrahman HAMIDAOUI, Sous Directeur des Questions de Sécurité Internationale, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Zouaoui LADJINE, Sous Directeur des Affaires Pénales, Ministère de la Justice Baziz LARAS, Commissaire Principal, Direction Général de la Sûreté National, Ministère de l’Intérieur et des Collectivités Locales Abdelhamid RAHMANI, Conseiller, Ambassade d’Algérie à Brasilia ANGOLA Henriques DOS SANTOS, Head of Delegation Fidelino LOY DE JESUS FIGUEIREDO, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Angola to the United Nations (Vienna) Leovigildo DA COSTA E SILVA Pascoal António JOAQUIM, Deputy Attorney-General João Vemba COCA, Provincial Attorney Eduardo FERNANDES CERQUEIRA, National Director, National Department of Criminal Investigation, Ministry of Interior Jorge DE MENDOÇA PEREIRA, National Director, Department for Prison Matters, Ministry of Interior António ARMANDO, Head of Department, Information and Analysis, Bureau for Migration and Foreigners, Ministry of Interior Jacinto RANGEL LOPES CORDEIRO NETO, Minister Counselor, Advisor to the Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Angola to the United Nations (Vienna) Dulce GOMES, First Secretary, Advisor to the Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Angola to the United Nations (Vienna) Efigénia Perpétua dos Prazeres JORGE, Third Secretary, Division for International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Alcino MACANGA This document has not been edited and is being posted on the web for information purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • NAMIBIA Namibia Is a Multiparty Democracy with a Population Of
    NAMIBIA Namibia is a multiparty democracy with a population of approximately 2.2 million. The presidential and parliamentary elections held in November 2009 resulted in the reelection of President Hifikepunye Pohamba and the retention by the ruling South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) of its parliamentary majority. Despite some irregularities, international observers characterized the election as generally free and fair. In March the High Court dismissed a challenge to the election outcome filed by nine opposition parties; however, in September the Supreme Court overturned the decision and sent the case back to the High Court, where the case remained pending at year's end. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Human rights problems included police use of excessive force; prison overcrowding and poor conditions in detention centers; arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention, and long delays in trials; criticism of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); harassment and political intimidation of opposition members; and official corruption. Societal abuses included violence against women and children, including rape and child abuse; discrimination against women, ethnic minorities, and indigenous people; child trafficking; discrimination and violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity; and child labor. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. There were no developments in the 2008 case in which a police officer shot and killed a demonstrator who stabbed a police constable during a political rally. On April 22, seven of the nine police officers accused of killing a suspect during interrogation in 2006 were found guilty of culpable homicide, assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm, and obstructing the course of justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Police Background Check Procedures
    Police Background Check Procedures CIS in collaboration with other agencies has formed an International Task Force on Child Protection in order to apply our collective resources, expertise, and partnerships to help international school communities address child protection challenges. Members of the Task Force: • Colin Bell, Executive Director, Council of British International Schools • Bambi Betts, Executive Director, Academy of International School Heads • Christine Brown, Regional Education Officer for Europe, U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Schools • Linda Duevel, President-elect, Association for the Advancement of International Education • Roger Hove, President, International Schools Services • Jane Larsson, Executive Director, Council of International Schools (Chair) • Kevin Ruth, Executive Director, ECIS CIS is taking the leading step of requiring police background check documentation for Educator Candidates as part of the overall effort to ensure effective screening. Please obtain a current police background check from your current country of employment/residence as well as appropriate documentation from any previous country/countries in which you have worked. It is ultimately a school’s responsibility to ensure that they have appropriate police background documentation for their Educators and CIS is committed to supporting them in this endeavour. It is important to demonstrate a willingness and effort to meet the requirement and obtain all of the paperwork that is realistically possible. CIS is continually updating and adding information to this document regarding police background check application procedures worldwide. Document compiled by: CIS Educational Recruitment Services Disclaimer: This information has been collated from governmental websites and law enforcement agencies on an 'as-is', 'as available' basis. While every attempt has been made to ensure the information is accurate and up to date, CIS makes no warranties or representations of any kind that it is error-free.
    [Show full text]
  • Namibia Country Report
    Promoting Partnerships between State and Private Security Providers Namibia Country Report Acknowledgements We would like to deeply thank the various people who provided us with useful and helpful assistance during the execution of this assignment. Without their care and consideration, this would likely not have matured. A word of thanks and sincere appreciation is specifically extended to all key participants in the private security industry for their interest shown in this study. In this regard the names of Andries (Dries) Johannes Kannemeyer, President of the Security Association of Namibia, Riaan Wiese, Regional Manager of Rubicon Security Services, Johan Visser, Chief Executive Officer of the Namibian Protection Services, Sebastian Ndeitunga, the Inspector General of the Namibian Police, Edwin Kanguatjivi, Deputy Commissioner Spokesperson of the Namibian Police, Abraham Kanime Chief of the Windhoek City Police, and all other person who were willing share their insights and thoughts on issues affecting the private security industry in Namibia. We are also highly indebted to the number of security officers, who at the risk of exposing themselves, were willing to speak to us. Their insights undoubtedly added value to the final product. We lastly, also wish to thank the Private Security Regulatory Authority (PSiRA) of South Africa, through their representative, Dr. Sabelo Gumedze, for their confidence in awarding us this assignment. It was indeed a great but rewarding challenge. 1 List of Abbreviations CEO Chief Executive Officer GDP
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials in Namibia
    Use of force by law enforcement officials in Namibia Legal Assistance Centre November 2019 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Operation Hornkranz and Operation Kalahari Desert ................................................... 3 3. International guidelines ....................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Peel’s Nine Principles, 1829 ..................................................................................................... 9 3.2 United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, 1979 ................................ 10 3.3 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms for Law Enforcement Officials (BPUFF), 1990 ....................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (“Nelson Mandela Rules”), 2015 ............................................................................................ 16 3.5 SARPCCO Code of Conduct for Police Officials .................................................................. 19 3.6 Practical guidelines ................................................................................................................. 21 4. Current Namibian law ....................................................................................................... 29 4.1 Namibian Constitution ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ITU Normal.Dot
    ( ) BR IFIC 2770 (!" ) الفصـل I - عـام ............................................................................................................................ 1 الفصـل II - وصف النشرة اإلعالمية الدولية للترددات وعرضھا ......................................................................................................... 2 القسم 1 - النشرة اإلعالمية الدولية للترددات الصادرة عن مكتب االتصاالت الراديوية (BR IFIC) ...................................................... 2 القسم 2 - األقسام الخاصة الملحقة بالنشرة ................................................................................................................................ 4 القسم 3 - القائمة الدولية للترددات (IFL) .................................................................................................................................. 7 القسـم 4 - الخطط المتعلقة بخدمات األرض ............................................................................................................................... 8 القسم 5 - قائمة التخصيصات للخدمات األولية لألرض (خالف اإلذاعة) المصاحبة لالتفاق GE06 ........................................................... 9 القسم 6 - برنامج االستفسار عن ماتخد األرض (TerRaQ) ........................................................................................................ 10 الفصـل III - وصف البيانات ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 القسم 1 - قائمة بالمعطيات المتعلقة بخدمات
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting the Arms Trade Treaty Negotiations Through Regional Discussions and Expertise Sharing
    07/02/2013 EUROPEAN UNION UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH Supporting the Arms Trade Treaty Negotiations through Regional Discussions and Expertise Sharing Compilation of Project Event Summary Reports Launch Report (New York, 15 July 2010) ........................................................................1 Summary Report (Kathmandu, 10–12 November 2010)...................................................6 Summary Report (Casablanca, 2–4 February 2011) .......................................................26 Summary Report (New York, 1 March 2011).................................................................46 Summary Report (Montevideo, 27–29 April 2011) ........................................................56 Summary Report (Bali, 6–8 June 2011) ..........................................................................66 Summary Report (New York, 13 July 2011)...................................................................77 Summary Report (New York, 17 October 2011) ............................................................84 Summary Report (Nairobi, 29 February–2 March 2012)................................................93 Summary Report (Beirut, 27–29 March 2012)..............................................................114 Summary Report (Belgrade, 18–20 April 2012) ...........................................................133 Closing Event Report (New York, 17 July 2012) .........................................................154 0 EUROPEAN UNION UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH
    [Show full text]
  • UN Police Magazine 11
    11TH EDITION, JULY 2013 MAGAZINE U nited Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD/MESSAGE POLICE DIVISION IN ACTION 01 Foreword: Assistant Secretary-General Dmitry Titov 44 Member States shape Strategic Guidance 03 From the Desk of the Police Adviser Framework in Ukraine 46 La Division de la Police continue sa coopération avec l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie STANDING POLICE CAPACITY 47 Expanding the Boundaries of Peacekeeping 06 In brief: the history of the Standing Police 49 Raising the bar for securing quality UN Capacity (SPC) police peacekeepers 08 Supporting reform and development 50 Addressing transnational organized crime 10 Core expertise of the SPC in Sierra Leone 13 Q&A with the SPC 15 Local engagements: a global view UNPOL ON PATROL 17 Focus on Mali: helping build a mission from the ground up 54 Two UNMIL Police Officers save local 19 SPC at work through remote assistance woman from mob violence 21 A day in UNAMA 55 UNPOL trains maritime police in Côte 22 A day in UNDP Chad d’Ivoire 24 A day in UNSMIL 56 MONUSCO trains Congolese police in community-oriented policing 57 Indian Formed Police Unit Bring Healing Touch to Tuzon UPDATE ON GLOBAL EFFORT 28 UN in Afghanistan works to build capacity of women police and access to justice for women, children FACTS & FIGURES 30 One-on-one with A. Heather Coyne, UNAMA 29 Top Ten Contributors of Female UN 34 Formation UNPOL : Enquêtes sur les violences et Police Officers violences sexuelles basées sur le genre 32 Actual/Authorized/Female Deployment
    [Show full text]