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The Use of Microcomputers in Distance Teaching Systems. ZIFF Papiere 70

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The Use of Microcomputers in Distance Teaching Systems. ZIFF Papiere 70 DOCUMENT RESUME EU 294 013 CE 050 040 AUTHOR Rumble, Greville TITLE The Use of Microcomputers in Distance Teaching Systems. ZIFF Papiere 70. INSTITUTION FernUniversitat, Hagen (West Germany). Zentrales Inst. fur Fernstudienforschung A'beitsbereich. PUB DATE Mar 88 NOTE 27p. PUB TYPE Viewpoints (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; *Computer Assisted Instruction; *Computer Managed Instruction; Courseware; *Distance Education; *Educational Change; Electronic Mail; Foreign Countries; Futures (of Society); Information Dissemination; Information Networks; *Microcomputers; Postsecondary Education; 'grogram Improvement; Teleconferencing ABSTRACT Microcomputers have revolutionized distance education in virtually every area. Used alone, personal computers provide students with a wide range of utilities, including word processing, graphics packages, and spreadsheets. When linked to a mainframe computer or connected to other personal computers in local area networks, microcomputers can facilitate communications between students and tutors, students and other students, tutors and other tutors, students and a scLool's administration, and tutors and the administration. Electronic mail even permits communications with other persons and institutions throughout the iorld. Microcomputers, especially when coupled with the capabilities of word pr^cessing software, graphics packages, and course authoring templates, can dramatically speed up and improve the course development and instructional materials production process. Computer-assisted and computer-managed instruction have both proved extremely successful at universities throughout the world, including the British Open University, Miami-Dade Community College (Florida), and North Island College (Canada). Courseware can easily be distributed via computer in the form of computer-assisted learning lessons rather than in printed form. Computer conferencing is another computer-mediated communications system that has proved extremely valuable in distance programs throughout the world. Microcomputers can also be used by distance learners to register for courses, request instructional materials, or complete various administrative forms (such as changes of address). The paper contains a brief foreword, written in German, by Helmut Fritsch. (MN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** FernUniversitat Gesamthochschule ZIFF PAP1ERE 70 Grey& Rumble Theuseof microcomputers in distance teaching systems U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS Office of Educational Research and Improvemen MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY EDUCATIONAL RFSOURCES li0 MATION CENTER (ERIC) /This document has been reproduced as received from the oerson or organization ing it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproductic'. Quality Points of v.ew or opinion:. stated in this Oocu TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment do not necessarily represent official INFORM" 1N CENTER (ERIC)" OE RI position or policy Zentrales Institut fur Fernstudienforschung BEST COPY AVAILABLE Hagen, Marz 1988 2 ZIFF-Papiere © 1988FernUniversitat - Gesamthochschule - Hagen Herausgegeben von Helmut Fritsch Redaktion: Frank Doerfert, Helmut Fritsch, Heimut Lehner Zu beziehen illo-x. FernUniversitdt, ZIFF, Postfach 940, D-5800Hagen 1 3 Helmut Fritsch Anstelle eines Vcrwortes: Kommunikative Validierung von Texten - Argumente gegen denPC Kollegen Wirt man immer haufiger stohnen Uber die Schwierigkeitenbeim Erlernen von neuen fUr Wissenschaftler auch nUtzlichen Qualifikationen, wie den Umgang mit dem PC, insbesondere den Textverarbeitungssystemen. Das GefUhltrUgt nicht. Einerseits will man ja in seinem Berufsleben nicht von den eigenenKindern jetzt schon Uberholt werden, andererseitssind es nicht nur "Modernitats"-Argumente, die Air den Einsatzneuer Technologien sprechen. Klar, die neuen Medien zerstbren massenhaft Arbeitsplatze. Sollwohl auch so sein, daB gesellschaftlich nicht unbedingt sinnvolle Arbeit(wie das zum 3. Mal Schreiber ganze Texte) dem 'Fortschritt'geopfert wird. Aber pier tauchen jedenfalls bei uns in einemkleinen Forschungsinstitut einige bisher zu wenig beachteteAspekte auf: Unsere Seretarin wurde mit dem neuesten Produkt des Hauses einem mit LA Tex geschriebenen Papier - konfrontiert. Erste Reaktion: sehr schon, inder Tat, das Erscheinungsbild ist perfektioniert (mit der Gefahr, daB auf dasErscheinungs- bild zu sehr geachtet wirdzu Lasten der Inhalte). FUr die Autoren aber noch wichtiger war die zweite Reaktion:"Jetzt muf3 ich das extra lesen wenn ich's selber geschrieben hatte,brauchte ich's nicht nochmal zu lesen". Und in der anschlieBenden Diskussion wurde uns klar, wiegefahrlich die schnelle Perfektionierung mit PC oder am GroBrechnersain kann: Der Autor schreibt selbst, korrigiert, das System setzt um, perfektioniertand der 'output' ist schon da. Der Produktionsproze ist beschleunigt,aber eine Kompo- IIInente fehlt, auf die wir nichtzu verzichten bereit sind. Der erste Leser: Gerade wenn es um 'Verdffentlichung' geht, bedarf es haufig des 'erstenLesers', um MiBverstandnisse noch ausraumen,um Passagen verstandlicher formulieren, um Relevantes von Irrelevantem bess' unterscheiden zu konnen. Die Gefahr, daB Unverstandliches, fachidiotisches, Irrelevantes wunderschbn, ordentlich, perfektioniert in Druck geht, diese Gefahr istohne eine Sekretarin, die als erste Leserin denText behandelt, als Kommunikations- partnerin zu verstehen sucht, was sie da schreiben soil, zu groB,um einfach Ubergangen zu werden. Ich mOchte aufmeine Erst-Leserin nicht verzichten. Ist es wirklich schneller, besser, perfekter? Ich zweifle noch lange,denn mir zerrinnt allzuviel Zeit durch die Auseinandersetzung mit den unendlichviel- faltigen Mbglichkeiten der neuer Technologie. Noch wichtiger aber istdie 4 Einschrnkung des Denkens. Ich zweifle, ob die vorgegebenen Strukturen nicht doch auf das Denken abfjrben. Jedenfalls ist es mir schon passiert, daa ich im Hinblick auf die 1!1achbarkeit' inhaltl4che Erw4ungen vernachl6ssigt habe. Damit aber sind wir beim theoretischen Problem. Die neuen Technologien ich rede hier von PC and Tex (diesem perfektionierten Textverarbeitungssystem, das meter kann, als ich von einem ausgelernten Drucker je erwartet habe) geben vor, alle MOglichkeiten anzubieten, nur Inha'Ite haben comer weniger Bezug zur Form. Die Inhalte kiinnen die vorgestanzten Furmen jedenfalls nicht beeinflussen, eher umgekehrt. Ich mochte vor dem kommenden Zeitalter warnen, wo wissenschaftliche Texte zu Teaten verkommen. "Brecht die Macht der Tgnicians ". Lai3t wieder selber schreiben! 5 THE USE OF MICROCOMPUTERSIN DISTANCE TEACHING SYSTEMS Grevilie Rumble The Open University, United Kingdom In the ien years that have passed since 1975, when the FernUniversity beganits work, the computing world has changed.It is not too far fetched to talknot about the pre- end post-computingage, but about the pre- and post-microcomputingage. In 1975, however, we were onlyon the threshold of the new age. Apple ComputerInc. had been established in 1975. Tandy Corporation,set up in 1977, launched its TRS-80 micro- computer. The next year the Apple IImicrocomputer and VisiCalc spreadsheetintro- duced to the potential of low-cost, high-powered desktop computers. Othercompanies - DEX, Xerox, Texas Instruments, Commodore, IBM, Bell andHowell, were entering or about to enter the market. Therewas a sales' explosion of hardware anda massive increase in available software whichis still continuing. Business has beenand is being revolutionised. And, if Iam right, distance education is being and will betoo. This revolution, I contend, isalready affecting virtuallyevery area of distance education: materials developmentand production; materials distribution;computer assisted learning; communications(student to tutor, studentto student, tutor to tutor, student to administration andtutor to administration); and administration. 6 Before I begin to outline some of these changes and their implicationsfor distance education, I need to say a brief word about the facilities thatare needed - for it is the technical revolution of the last fewyears which has created the opportunities for distance educators. First of all, and most obviously, personalcomputers. They can, of course, stand alone and provide access tocomputer power which enables extensive programing and quite sophisticated applications to be undertaken.With appropriate software, the stand alone personal computer will provide itsuser with a range of 'utilities': word processing, graphics packages, spreadsheets,etc. It also offers its user a vast array of information gathering and processing capabilities. Information processing needs to be distinguished from data processing.Data processing focusses on largely quantitative tasks suchas financial and inventory control, and the processing of student records, and is best doneon a mainframe computer. Information processingenables administrators and evaluators, for example,to undertake tasks that were once performed manually- budgeting, planning, financial modelling, forecasting, preparing management information in graphical form- in a fraction of the time and with a much greater degrees ofaccuracy than was previously possible. Personal computers can also be linked to mainframecomputers and to other personal computers. Local Area Networks (LANs)can link a group of personal
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