DOCSLIB.ORG

Early Rift Sedimentation and Structure Along the Ne Margin of Baja California

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Early Rift Sedimentation and Structure Along the Ne Margin of Baja California EARLY RIFT SEDIMENTATION AND STRUCTURE ALONG THE NE MARGIN OF BAJA CALIFORNIA 1 2 3 Joann M. Stock , Arturo Martin-Barajas , and Miguel Tellez-Duarte 1 Caltech 252-21, Pasadena CA 91125 USA 2 Ciencias de Ia Tierra, CICESE, Ensenada BC Mexico 3 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, UABC, Ensenada BC Mexico INTRODUCTION segments of the escarpment, the escarpment topo­ graphy can be quite subtle (Lee and others, 1996). This field trip will examine deposits and struc­ This variation of structural styles and fault dips tures in four basins of NE Baja California which along the Main Gulf Escarpment has led to the formed during Neogene rifting in the Gulf of Cali­ concept of separate structural segments separated by fornia Extensional Province (Fig. 1). Our objective accommodation zones (Axen, 1995), as discussed is to provide an overview of depositional environ­ further below. ments and facies, and tectonic controls on the basin From the international border south to the evolution, as a guide to interpreting early rift basins Puertecitos Volcanic Province, the Gulf Extensional elsewhere around the Gulf of California as well as at Province contains basin and range topography and other incipient oceanic rifts. The basins we will visit range-bounding normal faults, with some NW­ range in age from middle Miocene (the continental striking dextral and ENE-striking sinistral strike-slip deposits of. the Santa Rosa basin) .to late Miocene faults. However, at the latitude of the Puertecitos (upper part of the Santa Rosa basm, and the San Volcanic Province, the topography and faulting Felipe marine sequence) to Pliocene (San Felipe style change dramatically. The modem structural marine sequence, Puertecitos Formation, and grain of the Puertecitos Volcanic Province is dom­ Laguna Salada sequence). They include both ma­ inated by closely spaced N- to NW-striking normal rine and nonmarine deposits, and record variations faults, both synthetic and antithetic to the faults of in sedimentation rate and tectonic patterns that are the Main Gulf Escarpment located approximately regionally important in the thermal and structural 30 krn to the west (Dokka and Merriam, 1982). In a evolution of the northern Gulf of California. They broad sense, structures at the latitude of the Puerte­ also lie in different structural settings within the rift citos Volcanic Province may be transferring slip out system. towards the Gulf of California along an accommo­ dation zone (Dokka and Merriam, 1982; Stock and EXTENSION IN THE GULF EXTENSIONAL Hodges, 1990; Axen, 1995). Other accommodation PROVINCE OF NE BAJA CALIFORNIA zones within the Gulf Extensional Province may be related to changes in dip direction of the escarp­ This excursion will visit sites within the Gulf ment fault systems (Axen, 1995). Extensional Province of northeastern Baja The Puertecitos accommodation zone is a point California. In this region, the extensional province is of dramatic structural change in character and style bounded on the west by the Main Gulf Escarpment, of extension within the extensional province. From on the east by the Gulf of California, on the north the southern end of the San Pedro Martir fault to by faults of the San Andreas system, and on the Puertecitos, within the Gulf Extensional Province, south by the Puertecitos Volcanic Province. the -6 Ma rocks are severely deformed (Lewis, The Main Gulf Escarpment (Gastil and others, 1994; Stock, unpublished mapping). The -6 Ma 1975) is a generally east-facing topographic slope, deformation, the younger rifting and development coincident with the steep eastern sides of the Sierra of marine basins, and the modem structural pattern de Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir. This escarp­ may all be expressions of a structural zone linking ment reaches a topographic relief of 2.5 km west of extension at the western edge of the Gulf Exten­ San Felipe, east of the 3000 m elevation crest of the sional Province and slip along the San Pedro Martir Sierra San Pedro Martir. At this latitude, the escarp­ fault, to the transfonn/spreading system of the Gulf ment is controlled by a major E-dipping normal of California. fault, the San Pedro Martir fault. However, along the The fault pattern in the eastern PVP suggests Laguna Salada segment, there is a discontinuous ENE.:directed extension and deformation of the series of N-NW striking, west- and east-dipping Pliocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Martin­ normal faults (Romero-Espejel, 1996). Elsewhere, at Barajas and Stock, 1993). Local angular and the junction between separate, fault-controlled steep erosional unconformities, fault-controlled m Patrick L. Abbott and John D. Cooper., eds.. 1996. Field Conference G uide 1996. Pacific Section A.A.P.G, GB 73, Pacific Section S.E.P.M, Book 80, p.337-372. 337 338 Figure 1. Regional geologic map of the northern Gulf Extensional Province in Baja California. Segments and accommodation zones after Stock and Hodges (1990) and Axen (1995). Geologic background simplified from INEGI 1:250 000 geologic maps. 115000 0 " <'.,......,.. ..¢ / ~ / c>.... ~- (l , ... 0 (l ('I -32"0' ~ ~ " ~\__,~ -~'-~ . )'\ ~'-.) ;--. • ~~ SIERRA LAS TINAJAS- SIERRAPINTA ; ACCOMMODATION ZONE \ I ~ "i , ~)_. -31000 ~ VALLE SAN FELIPE- .li VALLE CHICO SEGMENT LEGEND ~ LJ Quaternary .... I Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks Mesozoic-Paleozoic metamorphic and granitic rocks PUERTECITOS ACCOMMODATION ZONE scale 339 paleotopography and facies distribution indicate the .Laguna Salada -Elsinore fault system may have that normal faulting and tilting occurred during and uplifted and closed the river and marine after deposition of the Pliocene units. connections between the Salton Trough, the Laguna East-northeast-striking left-lateral strike-slip Salada basin, and the Gulf. faults are also present in the Sierra San Fermin and the northernmost part of the Sierra Santa Isabel SIERRA CUCAPA, SIERRA MAYOR, AND (south of Arroyo Matomf). These faults cut the LAGUNA SALADA FAULT Pliocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Fault traces visible on aerial photos cut Quaternary allu­ The Sierra Cucap1 contains Paleozoic-Meso­ vium across Arroyo Matomf; they are also reported zoic rocks and Jurassic (?) and Cretaceous intrusive in the coastal zone east of the Sierra San Fermin bodies, in various tectonic slices separated by major (Lewis, 1994; Rebolledo-Vieyra, 1994). The NE­ oblique-dextral and normal fault zones (Barnard, striking, sinistral strike-slip faults may represent 1968; Gastil and others, 1975; Mueller and boundaries of clockwise rotated blocks as demon­ Rockwell, 1991). The western rangefront of the strated by paleomagnetic studies (Lewis and Stock, Sierra Cucap1 is controlled by the Laguna Salada submitted to JGR, 1995; Rebolledo-Vieyra, 1994). fault (LSF), an active northwest-striking oblique­ Faults of this strike are also common on existing dextral slip fault (Fig. 2). The LSF is responsible for maps of the Sierra San Felipe (Gastil and others, the late Quaternary uplift of the range and the 1975) and Santa Rosa basin (Bryant, 1986), sug­ development of the elongated Laguna Salada Basin gesting that this more recent fault pattern might, in (Barnard, 1968; Mueller and Rockwell, 1991). fact, represent the modem deformational style Uplift of the Sierra Cucapa also resulted from throughout much of the Gulf Extensional Province interaction of a number of subparallel major fault in northeastern Baja California. I MEXICALI VALLEY 115" 30' Stratigraphically, the western side of the Mexi­ cali Valley consists of an east-directed wedge of alluvial fan deposits from the Sierra Cucap1 (Puente and de Ia Pefia, 1979). A thick and continuous sandstone ribbon is reported to occur further east at -800 m depth, separating the alluvial fan deposits from Sierra Cucap1 and the deltaic facies of the ancient Colorado River. This sand body is important because it may represent coastal-deltaic deposits and the marine seaway that connected the Salton Trough LAGUNA SALADA and the northern Gulf in Pliocene time (Lyons and 10Km / 0 van de Kamp, 1979). In the western Imperial Valley, California, intermittent shallow marine deposition continued until middle Pleistocene time, and Lyons and van Kamp (1979) interpret this sandy facies as legend the connection to the Gulf west of the Colorado delta up to that time. r- Upper Cenozoic A second path for sea water to the Salton __; sethmentary rocks 0 Miocene vok:arucs Trough may have existed along the Laguna Salada r.r-: Cre1aceous grano­ basin. At least two localities in the eastern margin of L doonte Laguna Salada (Yuha desert and Sierra El Mayor) 1:: ·; tonalite contain Pliocene marine and deltaic deposits likely l:.d ~~ y dtO-shpfaun correlated with the Imperial and Palm Spring Fms \\, smke-sllp faun (Siem, 1992; Isaac, 1987). An exploratory well by ._,>-' loW-angle normal fauh the Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad (CFE) area of~~~~ indicates up to 2300 m of pre-Imperial deposits figure 4 , (mostly Palm Spring Formation) on the eastern Canada David margin (Alvarez and Gonz1lez-L6pez, 1995). This detachment suggests that sporadic flooding of the Colorado River delta occurred from Late Pliocene to Pleisto­ Figure 2. Geologic map of the Sierra Cucapa cene time through Laguna Salada. Subsequently, a and northern Sierra E1 Mayor (adapted from southward shift of the delta and the activity along Barnard, 1968). 340 wnes with dextral and oblique slip, including the The area east of Laguna Salada, in the northern Cerro Prieto, Cucap1, Pescadores, and Borrego faults Sierra Mayor,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Section 3.3 Geology Jan 09 02 ER Rev4
    3.3 Geology and Soils 3.3.1 Introduction and Summary Table 3.3-1 summarizes the geology and soils impacts for the Proposed Project and alternatives. TABLE 3.3-1 Summary of Geology and Soils Impacts1 Alternative 2: 130 KAFY Proposed Project: On-farm Irrigation Alternative 3: 300 KAFY System 230 KAFY Alternative 4: All Conservation Alternative 1: Improvements All Conservation 300 KAFY Measures No Project Only Measures Fallowing Only LOWER COLORADO RIVER No impacts. Continuation of No impacts. No impacts. No impacts. existing conditions. IID WATER SERVICE AREA AND AAC GS-1: Soil erosion Continuation of A2-GS-1: Soil A3-GS-1: Soil A4-GS-1: Soil from construction existing conditions. erosion from erosion from erosion from of conservation construction of construction of fallowing: Less measures: Less conservation conservation than significant than significant measures: Less measures: Less impact with impact. than significant than significant mitigation. impact. impact. GS-2: Soil erosion Continuation of No impact. A3-GS-2: Soil No impact. from operation of existing conditions. erosion from conservation operation of measures: Less conservation than significant measures: Less impact. than significant impact. GS-3: Reduction Continuation of A2-GS-2: A3-GS-3: No impact. of soil erosion existing conditions. Reduction of soil Reduction of soil from reduction in erosion from erosion from irrigation: reduction in reduction in Beneficial impact. irrigation: irrigation: Beneficial impact. Beneficial impact. GS-4: Ground Continuation of A2-GS-3: Ground A3-GS-4: Ground No impact. acceleration and existing conditions. acceleration and acceleration and shaking: Less than shaking: Less than shaking: Less than significant impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Isotopic Variation in Marine Evaporites and Carbonates: Applications To
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Calcium Isotopic Variation in Marine Evaporites and Carbonates: Applications to Late Miocene Mediterranean Brine Chemistry and Late Cenozoic Calcium Cycling in the Oceans A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences by Tabitha Michele Hensley Committee in Charge: J. Douglas Macdougall, Chair Chris Charles Miriam Kastner Kurt Marti Jeff Severinghaus 2006 Copyright Tabitha Michele Hensley, 2006 All rights reserved ii The dissertation of Tabitha Michele Hensley is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2006 iii To my parents, Eddy and Brenda Hensley iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …………………………………………………………………. iii Dedication ……………………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………. v List of Figures ………………………………………………………………….. vii List of Tables …………………………………………………………………… viii Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………….. ix Vita, Publications and Fields of Study …………………………………………. xi Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… xiii Chapter I Introduction and Ca Isotope Background ………………………….. 1 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Calcium Isotope Notation and Common Standards ………………… 3 1.3 Double Spiking
    [Show full text]
  • Us Department of the Interior
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Palynological Data from the Imperial and Palm Spring Formations, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California by R. Parley Fleming! U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-678 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1 Denver, Colorado 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...........................................................................................3 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................3 Regional Geology and Stratigraphy ................................................................3 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................4 Age Control ...........................................................................................4 Pliocene Palynology .................................................................................7 Reworked Cretaceous Pollen .......................................................................7 Implications of Reworked Pollen for Pliocene Climate ..........................................8 Conclusions ...........................................................................................9 References ...........................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the Classification of the Plesiosauria with a Synopsis of the Stratigraphical and Geographical Distribution Of
    LUNDS UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT. N. F. Avd. 2. Bd 59. Nr l. KUNGL. FYSIOGRAFISKA SÅLLSKAPETS HANDLINGAR, N. F. Bd 74. Nr 1. A REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLESIOSAURIA WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE STRATIGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUP BY PER OVE PERSSON LUND C. W. K. GLEER UP Read before the Royal Physiographic Society, February 13, 1963. LUND HÅKAN OHLSSONS BOKTRYCKERI l 9 6 3 l. Introduction The sub-order Plesiosauria is one of the best known of the Mesozoic Reptile groups, but, as emphasized by KuHN (1961, p. 75) and other authors, its classification is still not satisfactory, and needs a thorough revision. The present paper is an attempt at such a revision, and includes also a tabular synopsis of the stratigraphical and geo­ graphical distribution of the group. Some of the species are discussed in the text (pp. 17-22). The synopsis is completed with seven maps (figs. 2-8, pp. 10-16), a selective synonym list (pp. 41-42), and a list of rejected species (pp. 42-43). Some forms which have been erroneously referred to the Plesiosauria are also briefly mentioned ("Non-Plesiosaurians", p. 43). - The numerals in braekets after the generic and specific names in the text refer to the tabular synopsis, in which the different forms are numbered in successional order. The author has exaroined all material available from Sweden, Australia and Spitzbergen (PERSSON 1954, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1962a); the major part of the material from the British Isles, France, Belgium and Luxembourg; some of the German spec­ imens; certain specimens from New Zealand, now in the British Museum (see LYDEK­ KER 1889, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Source-Rock Geochemistry of the San Joaquin Basin Province, California
    Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California Chapter 11 Source-Rock Geochemistry of the San Joaquin Basin Province, California By Kenneth E. Peters, Leslie B. Magoon, Zenon C. Valin, and Paul G. Lillis HIO for all source-rock units except the Tumey formation of Contents Atwill (1935). Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Thick, organic-rich, oil-prone shales of the upper Mio- Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 cene Monterey Formation occur in the Tejon depocenter in Methods----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 the southern part of the basin with somewhat less favorable Discussion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 occurrence in the Southern Buttonwillow depocenter to the Upper Miocene Antelope shale---------------------------------------------------3 north. Shales of the upper Miocene Monterey Formation Eocene Tumey formation-----------------------------------------------------------4 Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation--------------------------------------------------4 generated most of the petroleum in the San Joaquin Basin. Cretaceous-Paleocene Moreno Formation--------------------------------------5 Thick, organic-rich, oil-prone Kreyenhagen Formation source Conclusions----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -5 rock occurs in the Buttonwillow
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Study Connects Southern California, Mexico Faults 10 October 2018, by Esprit Smith
    NASA study connects Southern California, Mexico faults 10 October 2018, by Esprit Smith fault zone that is still developing, where repeated earthquakes have not yet created a smoother, single fault instead of several strands. The Ocotillo section was the site of a magnitude 5.7 aftershock that ruptured on a 5-mile-long (8-kilometer-long) fault buried under the California desert two months after the 2010 El Mayor- Cucapah earthquake in Baja California, Mexico. The magnitude 7.2 earthquake caused severe damage in the Mexican city of Mexicali and was felt throughout Southern California. It and its aftershocks caused dozens of faults in the region—including many not previously identified—to move. The California desert near the connecting fault segment. Credit: Oleg/IMG_6747_8_9_tonemapped A multiyear study has uncovered evidence that a 21-mile-long (34-kilometer-long) section of a fault links known, longer faults in Southern California and northern Mexico into a much longer continuous system. The entire system is at least 217 miles (350 kilometers) long. Knowing how faults are connected helps scientists understand how stress transfers between faults. Ultimately, this helps researchers understand whether an earthquake on one section of a fault would rupture multiple fault sections, resulting in a much larger earthquake. A team led by scientist Andrea Donnellan of The approximate location of the newly mapped Ocotillo NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, section, which ties together California's Elsinore fault and California, recognized that the south end of Mexico's Laguna Salada fault into one continuous fault system. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech California's Elsinore fault is linked to the north end of the Laguna Salada fault system, just north of the international border with Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Assembly of a Large Earthquake from a Complex Fault System: Surface Rupture Kinematics of the 4 April 2010
    Assembly of a large earthquake from a complex fault system: Surface rupture kinematics of the 4 April 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah (Mexico) Mw 7.2 earthquake John M. Fletcher1,*, Orlando J. Teran1, Thomas K. Rockwell2, Michael E. Oskin3, Kenneth W. Hudnut4, Karl J. Mueller5, Ronald M. Spelz6, Sinan O. Akciz7, Eulalia Masana8, Geoff Faneros2, Eric J. Fielding9, Sébastien Leprince10, Alexander E. Morelan3, Joann Stock10, David K. Lynch4, Austin J. Elliott3, Peter Gold3, Jing Liu-Zeng11, Alejandro González-Ortega1, Alejandro Hinojosa-Corona1, and Javier González-García1 1Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Investigacion Cientifi ca y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, México 2Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8605, USA 4U.S. Geological Survey, 525 & 535 S. Wilson Street, Pasadena, California 91106-3212, USA 5Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA 6Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada No. 3917, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, México 7Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA 8Departament de Geodinàmica i Geofísica, Universitat de Barcelona, Zona Universitària de Pedralbes, Barcelona 08028, Spain 9Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 300-233, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA 10Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 11State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, A1# Huayanli, Dewai Avenue, Chaoyang District, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices D Through I
    Appendix D Operation & Maintenance Appendix D. Operation and Maintenance Plan Operation and Maintenance Plan This document presents the operation and maintenance (O&M) plan for Western Area Power Administration’s (Western) Sierra Nevada Region (SNR) transmission line systems. 1.0 Inspection/System Management In compliance with Western’s Reliability Centered Maintenance Program, Western would conduct aerial, ground, and climbing inspections of its existing transmission infrastructure since initial construction. The following paragraphs describe Western’s inspection requirements. Aerial Inspections Aerial inspections would be conducted a minimum of every 6 months by helicopter or small plane over the entire transmission system to check for hazard trees1 or encroaching vegetation, as well as to locate damaged or malfunctioning transmission equipment. Typically, aerial patrols would be flown between 50 and 300 feet above Western’s transmission infrastructure depending on the land use, topography, and infrastructure requirements. In general, the aerial inspections would pass over each segment of the transmission line within a one-minute period. Ground Inspections Annual ground inspections would check access to the towers/poles, tree clearances, fences, gates, locks, and tower hardware, and ensure that each structure would be readily accessible in the event of an emergency. They would allow for the inspection of hardware that would not be possible by air, and identify redundant or overgrown access roads that should be permanently closed and returned to their natural state. Ground inspections would typically be conducted by driving a pickup truck along the ROW and access roads. Detailed ground inspections would be performed on 20 percent of all lines and structures annually, for 100 percent inspection every 5 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnóstico Socioambiental Para El Programa Del Manejo Integral Del Agua De La Cuenca Del Río Tijuana
    Diagnóstico socioambiental para el Programa del Manejo Integral del Agua de la Cuenca del Río Tijuana Diagnóstico socioambiental para el Programa del Manejo Integral del Agua de la Cuenca del Río Tijuana Elaborado por: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte Coordinador Carlos A. de la Parra Rentería Colaboradores Mayra Patricia Melgar López Alfonso Camberos Urbina Tijuana, Baja California, 15 de marzo de 2017. i TABLA DE CONTENIDO PARTE I. MARCO DE REFERENCIA .......................................................... 1 UBICACIÓN, DELIMITACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA REGIÓN ................................................................. 1 La Cuenca del Río Tijuana .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Antecedentes Históricos .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Localización ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Descripción de los municipios y el condado que integran la CRT ..................................................................................... 5 Características físicas ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 POBLACIÓN EN LA CRT ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphic Record of Pliocene-Pleistocene Basin Evolution
    STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD OF PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE BASIN EVOLUTION AND DEFORMATION ALONG THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT, MECCA HILLS, CALIFORNIA by JAMES CARLTON MCNABB A THESIS Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science December 2013 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: James Carlton McNabb Title: Stratigraphic Record of Pliocene-Pleistocene Basin Evolution and Deformation Along the San Andreas Fault, Mecca Hills, California This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Department of Geological Sciences by: Dr. Rebecca J. Dorsey Chairperson Dr. Ray J. Weldon II Member Dr. Josh J. Roering Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded December 2013 ii © 2013 James Carlton McNabb iii THESIS ABSTRACT James Carlton McNabb Master of Science Department of Geological Sciences December 2013 Title: Stratigraphic Record of Pliocene-Pleistocene Basin Evolution and Deformation Along the San Andreas Fault, Mecca Hills, California Sedimentary rocks in the Mecca Hills record a 3-4 Myr history of basin evolution and deformation within the southern San Andreas fault (SAF) zone. Detailed geologic mapping, measured sections, lithofacies analysis, and preliminary paleomagnetic data indicate that sedimentation and deformation in the Mecca Hills resulted from evolution of local fault zone complexities superimposed on regional subsidence and uplift. Sediment was derived from sources northeast of the SAF and transported southeast along the fault zone in large rivers, alluvial fans, and a smaller fault-bounded lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Trip Log Gulf of California Rift System: Laguna Salda-Valles Chico-San Feli- Pe, Baja California, México
    Geos, Vol. 28, No. 1, Septiembre, 2008 FIELD TRIP LOG GULF OF CALIFORNIA RIFT SYSTEM: LAGUNA SALDA-VALLES CHICO-SAN FELI- PE, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO Francisco Suárez-Vidal Departamento de Geologia División de Ciencias de la Tierra CICESE Oblique rifts, in which rift margins are oblique to the direction of continental separation, are reasonably common in mo- dern record, e.g. the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, the Tanganyika-Malawi-Rukwa rifts and the Gulf of California (McKenzie et al., 1970; Rosendhal et al., 1992; Stoke and Hodges, 1989; Manighetti et al., 1998; Nagy and Stock, 2000; Persaud, P., 2003; Persaud, et al., 2003). Although, how the oblique rift evolves is not well known. Oblique rifting remain poorly understand relative to those orthogonal rifts, where the rift margins are approximately perpendicular to the extension direction, and to strike-slip system (Axen and Fletcher, 1998). The Gulf of California is perhaps the best modern example of oblique continental rifting where we can study the pro- cesses of such rifting as they lead to the interplate transfer of a continental fragment. This area presents unique op- portunities for understanding key processes at transtensional plate margins, which is important for energy and mineral exploration, as well as for interpretation of tectonics ancient continental margins (Umhoefer and Dorsey, 1997). One of the main features along the length of the gulf is the fault system which connects active basins (incipient spreading centers) from south to north (Fig 1). Two main structural regions are defined. From the mouth of the gulf to the latitude of the Tiburon and Angel de La Guardia Islands several basins bathymetrically are well expressed, among them; the Pescaderos, Farallon, Carmen, Guaymas, San Pedro Martir and Salsipudes Basins.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2010-1333 and CGS SR
    Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey; University of Oregon; University of Colorado; University of California, San Diego; and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Triggered Surface Slips in Southern California Associated with the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, Baja California, Mexico, Earthquake SALTON SEA Open-File Report 2010-1333 Jointly published as California Geological Survey Special Report 221 U.S. Department of Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER Landsat satellite image (LE70390372003084EDC00) showing location of surface slip triggered along faults in the greater Salton Trough area. Red bars show the generalized location of 2010 surface slip along faults in the central Salton Trough and many additional faults in the southwestern section of the Salton Trough. Surface slip in the central Salton Trough shown only where verified in the field; slip in the southwestern section of the Salton Trough shown where verified in the field or inferred from UAVSAR images. Triggered Surface Slips in Southern California Associated with the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, Baja California, Mexico, Earthquake By Michael J. Rymer, Jerome A. Treiman, Katherine J. Kendrick, James J. Lienkaemper, Ray J. Weldon, Roger Bilham, Meng Wei, Eric J. Fielding, Janis L. Hernandez, Brian P. E. Olson, Pamela J. Irvine, Nichole Knepprath, Robert R. Sickler, Xiaopeng Tong, and Martin E. Siem Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey; University of Oregon; University of Colorado; University of California, San Diego; and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Open-File Report 2010–1333 Jointly published as California Geological Survey Special Report 221 U.S. Department of Interior U.S.
    [Show full text]