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Population Dynamics of Mango Mealybug (Drosicha Mangiferae) (Margorididae: Hemiptera) and Its Relation with Weather Parameters in Subtropical Climatic Conditions

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Population Dynamics of Mango Mealybug (Drosicha Mangiferae) (Margorididae: Hemiptera) and Its Relation with Weather Parameters in Subtropical Climatic Conditions Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88 (6): 865–70, June 2018/Article Population dynamics of mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) (Margorididae: Hemiptera) and its relation with weather parameters in subtropical climatic conditions GUNDAPPA1, TARUN ADAK2 and P K SHUKLA3 ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 101 Received: 27 December 2016; Accepted: 17 April 2018 ABSTRACT Dynamics of mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae Green) in the mango (Mangiferae indica L.) growing agro-ecology of Lucknow region of Uttar Pradesh, India was studied during three seasons (2013-2015). Wider variations in the occurrence of mango mealybug were inferred from the study across 22 locations and three seasons. Weekly average mealybug incidence was tabulated against standard meteorological weeks (SMW), a range of 0.09 to 2.05, 0.13 to 1.57 and 0.11 to 2.56 mealybug per panicle during 2013, 2014 and 2015 was observed respectively. Peak incidence of 2.05, 1.57 and 2.10 mealybug per panicle was observed at mango orchards of Ulrapur (Fixed II), Navipana (Fixed I) and Ulrapur (Fixed I) respectively. The peak incidence of mango mealybug was found at 7th, 3rd, 10th SMW during the mango seasons of 2013 2014 and 2015 respectively. The mango mealybug incidence had significantly positive relation with maximum relative humidity and rainfall across the seasons. The linear regression models had explained upto 61% of variation in the mealybug population with the weather variables. Thus the study concluded wide spread dynamics of mango mealybug incidence across mango orchards of 22 locations. The seasonal changes were also depicted. Key words: Agro-ecology, Mango, Mealybug, Population dynamics, Weather parameters Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically of 5% neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) around tree trunk, important fruit crop, popularly known as king of fruits. spraying of botanicals and spraying of insecticides as a last This crop suffers from several pest infestations through resort (Hussain 2012). its growth period. Among them mango mealybug The population fluctuation as well as the distribution (Drosicha mangiferae Green) (Margorididae: Hemiptera) of the mealybug pests depends largely upon the prevailing is a polyphagous insect pest, feeds on 71 plant species environmental factors, as this pest known to multiply (Srivastava 1997). Infestation due to this pest leads to tremendously during favourable weather conditions significant loss in size and weight of fresh mango fruits leading to population outbreaks (Amarasekare et al. and causes yield loss up to 80 per cent (Karar et al. 2012). 2008). Climatic conditions also influence natural enemy Mango mealybug is considered as serious pest in India, populations such as parasitoids and predators either directly Banagladesh, Pakistan and China. In India, infestation of or indirectly (Thomson et al. 2010). For developing an this pest is quite serious in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and early warning weather based system for any pest in a Delhi. The nymphs and adults are damaging stages and they specific agro-ecosystem, it is necessary to have basic suck sap from inflorescence, tender leaves, shoots as well information regarding population dynamics in relation to as fruit peduncles. As a result, the affected inflorescences prevalent weather parameters. This will help in determining are shriveled and get dried. Severe infestation affects the appropriate times for intervention, and application of suitable fruit set and causes fruit drop. They secrete honey dew over methods for management. Population dynamics and impact infested part, on which sooty mould develops. Due to the of weather parameters on the incidence of mango mealybug growth of sooty mould on the leaves, photosynthetic activity have been studied by various workers (Yadav et al. 2004, is affected (Karar et al. 2010). Important management Pandey and Kumar 2009). In this study effect of weather options for mango mealybug includes ploughing of orchard, parameters on variations in the population dynamics of soil application of dusts/granular insecticides, banding of mango mealybug was carried out through correlation and tree trunk with alkathene above ground level, application regression analysis under subtropical agro-ecological region. of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, spraying MATERIALS AND METHODS 1Division of Crop Production(e mail: [email protected]) A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive 57 866 GUNDAPPA ET AL. [Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88 (6) Table 1 Weather parameters during study SMW Temperature Temperature Relative humidity Relative humidity Sunshine Wind speed Rainfall Evaporation in maximum ( ˚C) (minimum) (˚C) maximum (%) minimum (%) hours (hr/d) (km/hr) (mm) 24 hr (mm) 2013 7 22.0 8.8 88.4 57.4 5.7 3.1 0.0 2.8 8 23.7 9.3 88.9 55.9 7.4 2.6 3.1 3.5 9 25.5 10.4 83.0 44.7 9.5 3.6 0.0 3.4 10 29.8 11.0 80.4 36.9 8.7 2.5 0.0 3.0 11 31.1 13.0 80.7 35.6 8.2 2.4 0.0 3.8 12 32.5 14.6 71.1 29.3 8.4 4.2 0.0 4.3 13 31.9 14.1 73.0 31.7 8.3 4.2 0.0 3.8 14 34.9 14.2 58.7 21.3 10.0 4.8 0.0 7.1 15 38.2 17.2 59.0 22.7 8.8 2.9 0.0 7.8 16 37.0 17.8 63.7 33.1 7.4 3.6 0.0 8.4 17 36.9 19.3 71.9 33.4 10.0 3.6 0.0 6.2 18 40.3 20.2 69.4 31.0 10.8 3.7 0.0 8.8 19 40.3 22.5 81.3 50.1 9.4 3.7 0.0 9.3 20 39.3 22.6 69.6 43.6 10.4 3.1 0.0 9.3 2014 1 20.3 6.2 89.8 51.0 5.4 2.3 0.0 2.3 2 17.0 6.9 87.6 67.0 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.1 3 15.1 8.0 89.4 77.3 1.5 3.2 5.7 2.2 4 19.2 8.8 88.4 67.0 3.9 2.4 0.5 2.4 5 17.4 8.9 88.6 67.4 3.0 2.2 0.0 2.3 6 25.1 9.2 87.6 41.4 7.8 2.7 0.0 3.0 7 19.6 7.7 82.4 50.4 5.4 3.6 3.8 3.0 8 20.3 8.2 83.3 54.6 5.8 2.7 0.0 3.9 9 24.3 11.8 90.6 51.1 5.9 2.9 0.0 3.3 10 25.7 9.3 84.9 38.4 7.7 2.5 0.0 3.7 11 28.7 11.5 84.0 37.7 8.3 2.5 0.0 4.5 12 31.4 12.2 74.0 30.9 8.5 2.6 0.5 5.5 13 33.5 15.5 70.0 29.6 8.3 2.4 0.9 4.7 14 34.7 13.6 57.1 19.6 9.3 4.2 0.0 6.9 15 35.8 14.7 55.9 20.6 9.2 3.0 0.0 8.9 16 32.8 16.4 62.4 38.3 7.4 3.6 0.0 8.3 17 38.5 17.4 53.4 23.7 10.3 4.1 0.0 8.7 18 39.5 19.1 53.4 26.4 9.7 3.8 0.0 10.2 19 38.5 21.4 62.0 30.7 9.1 3.3 0.0 9.9 20 38.6 20.0 51.7 24.1 10.4 3.5 0.0 11.0 2015 6 22.1 8.1 87.1 53.1 4.6 2.5 0.0 3.8 7 25.3 6.9 90.7 36.1 8.0 2.2 0.0 3.4 8 27.8 11.6 91.6 47.0 5.9 2.1 0.0 4.4 9 27.0 13.6 89.8 53.7 5.2 2.3 1.9 4.3 10 24.9 11.6 88.0 44.8 8.0 4.3 3.6 3.6 11 28.7 11.5 86.4 33.8 6.4 3.2 1.1 4.2 12 28.9 13.0 89.8 39.2 8.9 3.6 2.0 4.0 13 34.9 15.5 83.7 31.5 8.3 2.0 0.0 5.8 14 30.9 16.7 89.2 41.4 6.9 3.4 0.0 4.9 15 33.8 14.7 63.2 27.7 7.1 3.1 0.0 5.7 16 33.2 18.5 77.2 36.8 6.2 2.6 4.9 4.5 17 36.2 20.1 66.4 31.4 7.5 4.8 0.0 6.3 18 35.0 20.4 73.0 41.5 9.5 4.5 1.1 6.3 58 June 2018] POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MANGO MEALYBUG 867 seasons (2013-15) in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India was taken by visual counting of number of mealybug on at 22 orchards. The climate of the experimental site is 10 cm long shoot or panicle. For analysis, mean number characterized as semi-arid subtropics. Mango orchards (cv. of mealybug per panicle was taken. Concurrently, Daily Dashehari) of 20-35 years were selected with 10 × 10 m weather data was recorded in the agromet observatory spacing.
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