Winter 2020 – Kwanlin Dän Ch'a Newsletter
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Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace Erdogu, Burcin How to cite: Erdogu, Burcin (2001) Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3994/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES IN TURKISH THRACE Burcin Erdogu Thesis Submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham Department of Archaeology 2001 Burcin Erdogu PhD Thesis NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic Cultures in Turkish Thrace ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis are the NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic cultures in Turkish Thrace. Turkish Thrace acts as a land bridge between the Balkans and Anatolia. -
Archaeology Activity Pack
Archaeology activity pack Primary KS2 Stone Age to Iron Age 1 All images and content © Museum of London 2015. This sheet is designed to be edited by teachers. The museum cannot take responsibility for edited content. How does archaeology help us understand what life was like in prehistory? This series of activities looks at how archaeologists record and interpret objects to inform our understanding about life in the past. Pupils will: use clues to sort artefacts into categories consider how and why an archaeologist records accurately where things are found use images of artefacts to think about how groups of objects can give us information about the past suggest reasons why some of our activities leave traces when others do not consolidate prior learning about Stone Age hunter-gatherers understand that there were people living here before London existed. Activity 1 Sort it! Identifying different flint tools Activity 2 The archaeological jigsaw What can we learn from a group of objects? Activity 3 Case study: Three Ways Wharf Hunter-gatherers in Uxbridge Activity 4 Leaving traces Make a Stone Age tool Activity 5 Dig it! Archaeological dig record and field journal worksheets 2 All images and content © Museum of London 2015. This sheet is designed to be edited by teachers. The museum cannot take responsibility for edited content. Activity 1 Sort it! Identifying different flint tools Introduction Begin by showing your pupils a selection of brushes; a toothbrush, a dustpan and brush, a hairbrush, a paintbrush and a floor brush. Ask pupils: What do all these objects have in common? What is each one is used for? Although all the objects are brushes, they are all used to perform different tasks. -
Prehistoric ·Art of the Central Coast of British Columbia ROY L
CHAPTER 7 Prehistoric ·Art of the Central Coast of British Columbia ROY L. CARLSON glance at any Northwest Coast art book attests firmly to the existence of a highly developed tradi A tion of painting and carving wood during the nineteenth century by the ancestors of the Bella Bella and Bella Coola peoples of the central coast of British Columbia. Similarly, examination of the journals of Sir Alexander Mackenzie and George Vancouver carries this tradition backward into the last decades of the eighteenth century. The reading of Mcllwraith's, The Bella Coo/a Indians (1948), or Boas', Mythology of the Bella Coo/a (1900b) and Bella Bella Tales (1932), provides some insights into the meaning of this art in the cultures which produced it. But what of the decades, centuries and millenia which preceded both the early explorers and the later ethnographers? What art was produced Fig. 7:1. Whalebone pendant resembling a rockfish from then? What techniques were employed and what styles the site of Namu dating to about 3,500 years ago. were produced? What was the meaning of this art and what were its historical relationships? This paper is directed toward answering these questions, even though in wood. At the bottom-the beginning of time for this in spite of the considerable archaeological research over part of the world-archaeological evidence comes from the last fourteen years, the data base is still very much a single component at the site of Namu (ElSx 1). The limited. assemblage from the basal levels of this site is a chipped stone industry with relationships to both the Pebble Tool Tradition and the Microblade Tradition (Ch. -
Metate Re-Roughening, Pecking, Or Pounding?
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A REPLICATNE STUDY: METATE RE-ROUGHENING, PECKING, OR POUNDING? Dawn M. Reid and Mari A. Pritchard-Parker Department of Anthropology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT This paper discusses the results of a replicative study on the roughening of milling equipment, specifically metates. The intent of the replication was to ascertain ifdiffering results were achieved when various percussor types were used to re-roughen a metate-like surface. Hammerstones prepared by flaking and unmodified cobbles were utilized. The results obtained in the replication were then compared with archaeological specimens in an attempt to determine more information as to the manufacturing and use behaviors associated with milling equipment. INTRODUCTION ment would be most efficiently accom plished with tools of different shapes and Stone metates or grinding stones have sizes, depending upon how much mass one long been a primary food processing tool for is trying to remove and where that mass is many agricultural as well as hunting and located. Where manufacture seeks to re gathering societies. Use of these imple move a relatively large amount ofmass, re ments to reduce both plant and animal ma roughening seeks to merely mar the grind terial has been well documented. When a ing surface to such a degree that it becomes metate is used in conjunction with a mano useful again. Identifying potential differ to grind foodstuffs, sharp edges are sheared ences in the types of tools used in the manu off ofthe metate surface and residues from facture and maintenance ofmilling imple the material being ground are deposited. -
Glaciation (Oakley, 1950). Variations in the Proposed Beginning Dates
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN HAND AMD THE GREAT HAND-AXE TRADITION Grover S. Krantz The hand-axe is both the earliest and the longest persisting of standar- dized stone tools. They present a continuous history of one tool type from the first to the third interglacial periods, a span.of at least 200,000 years and perhaps as many as half a million. Equally remarkable is their geographical range which covers all of Africa, western Europe and southern Asia--fully half of-the then habitable Old Vorld. Aside from differences in the local stone that was utilized, hand-axes from this whole area are constructed on the same plan and show no clear regional typology. Other tool types occur with hand-axes: utilized flakes are found at all levels, and in the later half of the sequence there-are cleavers, ovates, trimmed flakes and spherical stone balls. Throughout the sequence, however, the basic design of the hand-axe continues with its intended formnapparently unchanged. We thus have a continuous record of man's attempts to produce a single type of 'implement over mst of his tool making history. (See Figure 1.) Recent discoveries of fossil man have made it increasingly evident that biological evolution of the human body was also in progress coincident with the development of ancient stone tool types. 'While the exact time of appearance of Homo siens is still in some dispute (see Stewart, 1950 and Oakley., 1957), it is no nowseriously maintained that the earliest tool makers necessarily approximated the modern or even the neanderthal morphologies. -
Stone Age Technology
World’s Early People DIGGING UP DNA STONE AGE TECHNOLOGY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Worlds_Early_People_FC.indd 1 2/7/17 11:22 AM 2 Who Lived in the Stone Age? When you think of “old,” what comes to But they helped hominins to thrive. mind? Last year’s shoes? Life before the The first species to make tools is from the Internet? Try a little earlier – 2.5 million genus (category) we call Homo (human). It years earlier! is known as Homo habilis, or “handy That’s about the time some of the first person.” It most likely lived in Africa 1.5 hominins, or humanlike species that walk to 2.4 million years ago. Homo habilis upright, started making tools from rocks. represented a big change. How big? Big Their tools were simple – mainly stones enough that we call its time the Paleolithic split to form a point or a sharp edge. era, or the Old Stone Age. l THE BRAINS ability to make of Homo habilis and use tools. were about Homo habilis’s half the size of tools and brain- present-day human power helped it brains. However, spread. Over the brains of Homo millennia, it habilis were larger adapted, or made than the brains changes that of the hominins helped it survive, to that came before live in regions that it. This may have earlier species had contributed to its found too harsh. d HOMO ERECTUS, or early as 2.5 million communities, hunt “upright person,” years ago, Homo for food, create art, was probably a lot erectus was at its and control fire like Homo habilis, peak about 1.9 for warmth and but taller and thin- million years ago. -
Prehistory of the Northwest Coast ROY L
CHAPTER 1 Prehistory of the Northwest Coast ROY L. CARLSON n the beginning there was ice ... in the end there were ice. Sub-arctic and then temperate fauna spread into this approximately 100,000 Indian people living along the new found land. Man was part of this fauna; he preyed IPacific coast from southeast Alaska to the mouth of on the other animals for food and used their hides for the Columbia River in Oregon ... in between is the pre clothing. He arrived by different routes, and brought historic period, the time span of the unknown, between with him different cultural traditions. By 10,000 years the retreat of the last continental glacier and the arrival ago ice only existed in the mountain top remnants we of the first Europeans with their notebooks and artist's still see today. sketches who ushered in the period of written history. The Northwest Coast (Fig. 1:1) is a ribbon of green, The prehistoric period here lasted from perhaps 12,000 wet forested land which hugs the Pacific coast of North years ago to the late 1700's when Cook, Vancouver, America from the mouth of the Copper River in Alaska Mackenzie and others began writing about the area and to just below the mouth of the Klamath River in northwest its inhabitants. Glacial geology suggests that the coast California. It was part of the "Salmon Area" of early was ice free by 12,000 years ago, but there remains the ethnographers and its cultures were clearly different possibility of even earlier movements of peoples whose from those of the California acorn area, the agricultural traces were wiped out by the last glacial advance. -
Dwellings, Yukon and Census Subdivision
Yukon Bureau of Statistics 2÷9#1$>0-2+6&±8<3π7£5‡9≈1∞^ Population and Dwellings Census 2011 Population Growth by Province and Territory Highlights (2006 to 2011 Census Counts) • 33,897 people were counted in Yukon in May 2011. 11.6% • Yukon’s population growth of 11.6% between the 10.8% 2006 and 2011 census years was the highest in Canada average = 5.9% 8.3% Canada. 7.0% 6.7% 5.7% 5.2% • 80% of Yukon’s population growth took place in 4.7% Whitehorse. 3.2% 2.9% 1.8% • The total number of Yukon dwellings occupied by 0.9% 0.0% usual residents grew by 11.9%. YT AB NU BC SK ON MB QC PE NB NL NS NT In May 2011, Statistics Canada conducted a census of Cana- one exception (1996 to 2001 census years; due mainly to the dian residents. The data collected covered Canada, the prov- Faro mine closure). inces and territories, and down to community and municipal The growth in Yukon between 2006 and 2011 (which oc- areas. curred mainly in Whitehorse) was related to a net increase in In Yukon, data is categorized into 37 geographic census sub- the number of immigrants and non-permanent residents, as divisions. These subdivision types range from city down to well as a net increase in inter-provincial migration. very small parcels of land which have historic signifi- cance but no current population. Yukon Census Populations and Percent Growth The release of population and dwelling counts data (1956 to 2011 Census Counts) from the 2011 Census of Population marks the first of 40,000 40.0% four releases in 2012. -
GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH at the YUKON ARCHIVES
GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE YUKON ARCHIVES A Listing of Available Resource Material Revised Edition AUGUST 2003 Originally published in 1985 under title: Genealogy sources available at the Yukon Archives c2003, Yukon Archives, Cultural Services Branch, Dept. of Tourism and Culture, Yukon Territory Canadian Cataloguing in Publication data Yukon Archives. Genealogical sources available at the Yukon Archives Rev. ed. ISBN 1-55362-169-7 Includes index 1. Yukon Archives--Catalogs. 2. Archival resources--Yukon Territory--Catalogs 3. Yukon Territory--Genealogy--Bibliography--Catalogs. 4. Yukon Territory--Genealogy--Archival resources--Catalogs. I. Title. CS88.Y84 2003 016.929 371 91 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................I-1 STARTING YOUR SEARCH ..................................................................................................................I-1 GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH AT YUKON ARCHIVES....................................................................I-2 FAMILY HISTORY INFORMATION SOURCES..................................................................................I-3 RESEARCH MATERIALS FOUND AT THE ARCHIVES....................................................................I-4 HOW TO READ THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CITATIONS ...................................................................I-5 CHECKLIST OF POPULAR FAMILY HISTORY SOURCES ..............................................................I-6 PUBLISHED SOURCES.......................................................................................................... -
The Invention of Technology. Sophie A
The Invention of Technology. Sophie A. de Beaune To cite this version: Sophie A. de Beaune. The Invention of Technology.: Prehistory and Cognition.. Current Anthropol- ogy, University of Chicago Press, 2004, 45 (2), pp.139-162. 10.1086/381045. halshs-00404875 HAL Id: halshs-00404875 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00404875 Submitted on 17 Jul 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Current Anthropology Volume 45, Number 2, April 2004 ᭧ 2004 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved 0011-3204/2004/4502-0001$2.00 From the study of very primitive Paleolithic tools made from stone blocks, cobbles, or plaquettes and their func- The Invention of tions, I have attempted to identify the actions associated with them and the activities to which they were linked. Aside from the fact that they were discovered in an ar- Technology cheological context, the sole noteworthy characteristic of these tools was that they bore traces of use (impact scars, striations, polish). It goes without saying that in Prehistory and Cognition1 this context the term “tools” cannot be restricted to shaped tools. The existence of a tool, shaped or unshaped, implies an intended action, and therefore the idea of the tool precedes the tool itself. -
Arctic Airports and Aerodromes As Critical Infrastructure
October 30, 2020 Arctic Airports and Aerodromes as Critical Infrastructure Christina Bouchard, Graduate Fellow and Program Manager: Critical Infrastructure in Canada’s Arctic Territories Key Considerations Many Arctic communities were formed as coastal settlements and continue to rely heavily on air or naval transportation modes. Notably, the territory of Nunavut (NU) includes island communities where air infrastructure plays a critical role in community resupply in the absence of a highway system. It is anticipated that the rapid advancement of climate change will result in permafrost melt, sea ice melt and changing weather patterns. The ground upon which runways, buildings and other infrastructure are constructed will shift and move as the permafrost melts. Capital planning studies have also identified shortfalls with runway lighting systems and power supply, critical for safety where visibility is challenging. Both the extended periods of darkness in the North and the increasing prevalence of severe wind and weather events heighten the need for modern lighting systems. In addition to climate change considerations, the 2020 emergence of the novel COVID-19 virus has also drawn attention to the essential nature of airports in Nunavut for medical flights1. Private companies providing air services, have experienced pressures following the emergence of the virus. The pandemic circumstances of COVID-19 exposed, and brought to question, underlying systemic assumptions about the profitability of providing medically critical air travel services to remote locations. Purpose This policy primer describes the state of existing and planned Arctic aeronautical facilities. The overarching challenge of remoteness faced by many northern communities is discussed to understand the critical nature of air travel infrastructure in remote communities. -
Flake Morphology As a Record of Manual Pressure During Stone Tool Production
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Kent Academic Repository Flake morphology as a record of manual pressure during stone tool production Alastair Key1*, Christopher J. Dunmore1, Kevin G. Hatala2, 3, and Erin Marie Williams- Hatala2, 3 * Corresponding author: [email protected] +44(0)1227 827056 1 Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK 2 Department of Biology, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA 3 Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA 1 Abstract Relative to the hominin fossil record there is an abundance of lithic artefacts within Pleistocene sequences. Therefore, stone tools offer an important source of information regarding hominin behaviour and evolution. Here we report on the potential of Oldowan and Acheulean flake artefacts to provide a record of the biomechanical demands placed on the hominin hand during Lower Palaeolithic stone tool production sequences. Specifically, we examine whether the morphometric attributes of stone flakes, removed via hard hammer percussion, preserve correlates of the pressures experienced across the dominant hand of knappers. Results show that although significant and positive relationships exist between flake metrics and manual pressure, these relationships vary significantly between subjects. Indeed, we identify two biomechanically distinct strategies employed by knappers; those that alter their hammerstone grip pressure in relation to flake size and mass and those who consistently exert relatively high manual pressures. All individuals experience relatively high gripping pressure when detaching particularly large flakes. Amongst other results, our data indicate that the distinctive large flake technology associated with the Acheulean techno-complex may be demonstrative of an ability to withstand, and by extension, to exert higher manual pressures.