DOCSLIB.ORG

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems Jun-ichiro Ishibashi • Kyoko Okino Michinari Sunamura Editors Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems TAIGA Concept Editors Jun-ichiro Ishibashi Kyoko Okino Department of Earth and Planetary Atmosphere and Ocean Science, Faculty of Sciences Research Institute Kyushu University The University of Tokyo Fukuoka, Japan Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Michinari Sunamura Department of Earth and Planetary Science Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ISBN 978-4-431-54864-5 ISBN 978-4-431-54865-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54865-2 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014948334 # The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2015. The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for commercial use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for commercial use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: # JAMSTEC 2014. Used with kind permission Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface This e-book is a collection of scientific results of studies obtained during the TAIGA project between 2008 and 2012. The TAIGA project was planned and organized to elucidate interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere through the fluid advection system beneath the seafloor through many cruises, modeling, and laboratory experiments. This interdisciplinary project was funded by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan) from FY 2008 to FY 2012, as a project of a “Grant-in- Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas”. The program name “TAIGA” represents a dynamic fluid advection system beneath the seafloor (In Japanese, taiga refers to “a great river”), as introduced in Chap. 1. Multidisciplinary scientists from universities and institutes and many students worked together synergically for this program. Five research projects (A01–A05) were organized to attain major goals under the framework of the TAIGA program, as follows. A01: Diversity of TAIGA controlled by various geologic and geophysical structures; A02: Biogeochemical impact of TAIGA flux on the deep-sea environment; A03: Evolution of TAIGA—constraints from geochronology and molecular genetics; A04: Clarification of in situ physical, chemical, and biological interactive processes in TAIGAs; and A05: Laboratory experiments to eluci- date chemical and biological interactions in TAIGA. However, many individual specific studies were conducted by members across teams and disciplines, as will be obvious in the contents of this book. Several research cruises, dive expeditions, and drilling operations were conducted during the TAIGA project. To conduct these ocean field studies efficiently, three integrated study sites were selected, namely, the Central Indian Ridge, the Southern Mariana Trough, and the Okinawa Trough. Each of them represents different types of TAIGAs, as introduced in Chap. 1. Shallow seafloor drilling expeditions employing a Benthic Multicoring System (BMS) were conducted twice as hosted by the TAIGA project, once in August 2010 in the Southern Mariana Trough, and the other in July 2011 in the Okinawa Trough. Deep seafloor drilling during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331 was conducted in the Okinawa Trough in September 2010, in which several TAIGA project members participated. More than 30 submersible dive expeditions and surface ship research cruises were conducted under the framework of Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) deep-sea investigations and of the Atmosphere Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. These cruises were executed by research proposals submitted by TAIGA project members. This e-book consists of 51 chapters, which have been contributed by TAIGA project members as individual parts and critically reviewed by external reviewers or TAIGA project members. Part I compiles interdisciplinary studies, including summary articles for each research program. Parts II, III, and IV compile studies related to the three integrated study sites, the Central Indian Ridge, the Southern Mariana Trough, and the Okinawa Trough. Some of the chapters include review sections to overview the project results together with a summary of the background information and previous studies of the target site or the specialized field, for the benefit of readers. Appendices in three parts compile rather short reports which omit full discussion in order to give additional data or results. v vi Preface This volume is being published as “an open access e-book,” which is a new style of publication for scientific articles. We hope that this e-book is well accepted among the scientific community as a whole, since it is the first publication covering wide ranges of research topics both on the arc–backarc systems such as the western Pacific and on the mid- ocean ridge system such as the Indian Ocean. We would like to urge readers to inform their colleagues of this publication by quoting it as follows: Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems: TAIGA Concept http://link.springer.com/978-4-431-54865-2 Tokyo, Japan Tetsuro Urabe Fukuoka, Japan Jun-ichiro Ishibashi March 2014 Editorial Board The editorial board was organized from the principal members of the TAIGA project to handle editing work of the chapters. Members are listed below. Tatsuhiro Fukuba (Part I) Marine Technology and Engineering Center (MARITEC) Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Jun-ichiro Ishibashi (Part III, chief executive editor) Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Kyoko Okino (Part III, vice executive editor) Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI) The University of Tokyo Michinari Sunamura (Part IV, vice executive editor) Department of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo Katsuhiko Suzuki (Part I) Research and Development (R&D) Center for Submarine Resources Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Ken Takai (Part II) Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Hiroyuki Yamamoto (Part IV) Research and Development (R&D) Center for Submarine Resources Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Toshiro Yamanaka (Part I) Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University vii Acknowledgments We would like to express our appreciation to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan for funding this project from FY 2008 to FY 2012 (#20109001–20109006), as a project of a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas. Additional funding in FY 2013 supported editing work and publication of this e-book. We especially thank the crew, submersible teams, drilling operators, and onboard scientists of all of the research cruises related to the project. Ken Kimlicka and Taeko Sato at Springer Japan provided efficient assistance during all stages of the process of editing. Photographs on the cover were kindly provided by JAMSTEC. Harumi Fujita supported the handling, reviewing, and editing of the manuscripts. We sincerely appreciate the external reviewers (listed below) who substantially improved the accuracy of the contents and clarity of the presentations. List of External Reviewers Wolfgang Bach Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen Stace E. Beaulieu Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hitoshi Chiba Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Jon Copley Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Cornel E. J. de Ronde GNS Science Je´roˆme Dyment Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS Rob L. Evance Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Toshiya Fujiwara Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, JAMSTEC Toshitaka Gamo Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo ix x Acknowledgments Yumiko Harigane Geological Survey of Japan, AIST Steven P. Hollis Earth Science and Resource Engineering, CSIRO Hironobu
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Larvae from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Disperse in Surface Waters
    BPT06-12 JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017 Larvae from deep-sea hydrothermal vents disperse in surface waters *Takuya Yahagi1, Tomihiko Higuchi1, Shirai Kotaro1, Hiromi Kayama WATANABE2, Anders Warén3 , Shigeaki Kojima1, Yasunori Kano1 1. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 2. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm Larval dispersal significantly contributes to the geographic distribution, population dynamics and evolutionary processes of animals endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Benthic invertebrates with a pelagic larval period can be categorized as lecithotrophic or planktotrophic species. Among vent-animals, the former lecithotrophs generally disperse near the ocean floor while the latter planktotrophs have been considered to disperse in mid-water, above the influence of a hydrothermal plume. However, surprisingly little is known as to the extent that the planktotrophic larvae migrate vertically to shallower waters to take advantages of richer food supplies and strong currents. Here, we first provide converging evidence from the taxonomy, phylogeny, population genetics, physiology and behaviour of the species of Shinkailepadinae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) for their vertical migration as long-lived planktotrophic larvae from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to the surface water. Sixteen species were identified from global hydrothermal vent fields and cold methane seeps as the extant members of the subfamily. They generally show wide distribution ranges with their panmictic population structure. The culture experiments of larvae of the vent-endemic Shinkailepas myojinensis strongly suggested that their larvae grow and disperse in the surface water for an extended period of time. The oxygen isotopic analyses of the larval and adult shells of three Shinkailepas species, which is the first attempt for vent-endemic taxa, perfectly supported the vertical migration of larvae as an obligatory part of the species’ life cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical, Lateral and Temporal Structure in Larval Distributions at Hydrothermal Vents
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 293: 1–16, 2005 Published June 2 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval distributions at hydrothermal vents L. S. Mullineaux1,*, S. W. Mills1, A. K. Sweetman2, A. H. Beaudreau3, 4 5 A. Metaxas , H. L. Hunt 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 34, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 2Max-Planck-Institut für marine Mikrobiologie, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany 3University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA 4Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada 5University of New Brunswick, PO Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada ABSTRACT: We examined larval abundance patterns near deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise to investigate how physical transport processes and larval behavior may interact to influence larval dispersal from, and supply to, vent populations. We characterized vertical and lateral distributions and temporal variation of larvae of vent species using high-volume pumps that recov- ered larvae in good condition (some still alive) and in high numbers (up to 450 individuals sample–1). Moorings supported pumps at heights of 1, 20, and 175 m above the seafloor, and were positioned directly above and at 10s to 100s of meters away from vent communities. Sampling was conducted on 4 cruises between November 1998 and May 2000. Larvae of 22 benthic species, including gastropods, a bivalve, polychaetes, and a crab, were identified unequivocally as vent species, and 15 additional species, or species-groups, comprised larvae of probable vent origin. For most taxa, abundances decreased significantly with increasing height above bottom. When vent sites within the confines of the axial valley were considered, larval abundances were significantly higher on-vent than off, sug- gesting that larvae may be retained within the valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Attributes of Polynoid Polychaetes from Hydrothermal Vents on the East Pacific Rise
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2005 Reproductive Attributes of Polynoid Polychaetes from Hydrothermal Vents on the East Pacific Rise Jessica Lynn Wallace College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Jessica Lynn, "Reproductive Attributes of Polynoid Polychaetes from Hydrothermal Vents on the East Pacific Rise" (2005). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626835. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-zy51-8j97 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPRODUCTIVE ATTRIBUTES OF POLYNOID POLYCHAETES FROM HYDROTHERMAL VENTS ON THE EAST PACIFIC RISE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biology The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Jessica Lynn Wallace 2005 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Jessica L. Wallace Approved by the Committee, August 2005 Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover, Chair Dr. Paul D. Heideman Dr. Joseph L. Scott To Dad and Ken for inspiring my love of oceanography To Mom and Stephen for their unending love and support TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements v List of Figures vi Abstract vii Introduction 2 Chapter I.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomicrobiological Processes in Extreme Environments: a Review
    202 Articles by Hailiang Dong1, 2 and Bingsong Yu1,3 Geomicrobiological processes in extreme environments: A review 1 Geomicrobiology Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. 2 Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA. Email: [email protected] 3 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. The last decade has seen an extraordinary growth of and Mancinelli, 2001). These unique conditions have selected Geomicrobiology. Microorganisms have been studied in unique microorganisms and novel metabolic functions. Readers are directed to recent review papers (Kieft and Phelps, 1997; Pedersen, numerous extreme environments on Earth, ranging from 1997; Krumholz, 2000; Pedersen, 2000; Rothschild and crystalline rocks from the deep subsurface, ancient Mancinelli, 2001; Amend and Teske, 2005; Fredrickson and Balk- sedimentary rocks and hypersaline lakes, to dry deserts will, 2006). A recent study suggests the importance of pressure in the origination of life and biomolecules (Sharma et al., 2002). In and deep-ocean hydrothermal vent systems. In light of this short review and in light of some most recent developments, this recent progress, we review several currently active we focus on two specific aspects: novel metabolic functions and research frontiers: deep continental subsurface micro- energy sources. biology, microbial ecology in saline lakes, microbial Some metabolic functions of continental subsurface formation of dolomite, geomicrobiology in dry deserts, microorganisms fossil DNA and its use in recovery of paleoenviron- Because of the unique geochemical, hydrological, and geological mental conditions, and geomicrobiology of oceans. conditions of the deep subsurface, microorganisms from these envi- Throughout this article we emphasize geomicrobiological ronments are different from surface organisms in their metabolic processes in these extreme environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Prokaryotes Exposed to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure - Daniel Prieur
    EXTREMOPHILES – Vol. III - Piezophily: Prokaryotes Exposed to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure - Daniel Prieur PIEZOPHILY: PROKARYOTES EXPOSED TO ELEVATED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Daniel Prieur Université de Bretagne occidentale, Plouzané, France. Keywords: archea, bacteria, deep biosphere, deep sea, Europa, exobiology, hydrothermal vents, hydrostatic pressure, hyperthermophile, Mars, oil reservoirs, prokaryote. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Deep-Sea Microbiology 2.1. A Brief History 2.2. Deep-Sea Psychrophiles 2.2.1. General Features 2.2.2. Adaptations to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure 2.3. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents 2.3.1. Deep-Sea Hyperthermophiles 2.3.2. Responses to Hydrostatic Pressure 3. Other Natural Environments Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure 3.1. Deep Marine Sediments 3.2. Deep Oil Reservoirs 3.3. Deep Rocks and Aquifers 3.4. Sub-Antarctic Lakes 4. Other Worlds 4.1. Mars 4.2. Europa 5. Conclusions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch SummaryUNESCO – EOLSS All living organisms, and particularly prokaryotes, which colonize the most extreme environments, SAMPLEhave their physiology cont rolledCHAPTERS by a variety of physicochemical parameters whose different values contribute to the definition of biotopes. Hydrostatic pressure is one of the major parameters influencing life, but its importance is limited to only some environments, especially the deep sea. If the deep sea is defined as water layers below one kilometer depth, this amount of water, which is exposed to pressures up to 100 MPa, represents 62% of the volume of the total Earth biosphere. A rather small numbers of investigators have studied the prokaryotes that, alongside invertebrates and vertebrates, inhabit this extreme environment. Deep-sea prokaryotes show different levels of adaptation to elevated hydrostatic pressure, from the barosensitive organisms to the obligate piezophiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Trophic Ecology of Hydrothermal Vent Fauna Associated with Tubeworm Assemblages on the Juan De Fuca Ridge
    Biogeosciences, 15, 2629–2647, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2629-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Biodiversity and trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent fauna associated with tubeworm assemblages on the Juan de Fuca Ridge Yann Lelièvre1,2, Jozée Sarrazin1, Julien Marticorena1, Gauthier Schaal3, Thomas Day1, Pierre Legendre2, Stéphane Hourdez4,5, and Marjolaine Matabos1 1Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, 29280 Plouzané, France 2Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada 3Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 9 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France 4Sorbonne Université, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France 5CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France Correspondence: Yann Lelièvre ([email protected]) Received: 3 October 2017 – Discussion started: 12 October 2017 Revised: 29 March 2018 – Accepted: 7 April 2018 – Published: 4 May 2018 Abstract. Hydrothermal vent sites along the Juan de Fuca community structuring. Vent food webs did not appear to be Ridge in the north-east Pacific host dense populations of organised through predator–prey relationships. For example, Ridgeia piscesae tubeworms that promote habitat hetero- although trophic structure complexity increased with ecolog- geneity and local diversity. A detailed description of the ical successional stages, showing a higher number of preda- biodiversity and community structure is needed to help un- tors in the last stages, the food web structure itself did not derstand the ecological processes that underlie the distribu- change across assemblages.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Echiuran Worms (Phylum: Annelida) Reveals Evolutionary Pattern of Feeding Mode and Sexual Dimorphism
    Molecular Phylogeny of Echiuran Worms (Phylum: Annelida) Reveals Evolutionary Pattern of Feeding Mode and Sexual Dimorphism Ryutaro Goto1,2*, Tomoko Okamoto2, Hiroshi Ishikawa3, Yoichi Hamamura4, Makoto Kato2 1 Department of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan, 2 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 3 Uwajima, Ehime, Japan, 4 Kure, Hiroshima, Japan Abstract The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a group of marine worms, most of which live in burrows in soft sediments. This annelid- like animal group was once considered as a separate phylum because of the absence of segmentation, although recent molecular analyses have placed it within the annelids. In this study, we elucidate the interfamily relationships of echiuran worms and their evolutionary pattern of feeding mode and sexual dimorphism, by performing molecular phylogenetic analyses using four genes (18S, 28S, H3, and COI) of representatives of all extant echiuran families. Our results suggest that Echiura is monophyletic and comprises two unexpected groups: [Echiuridae+Urechidae+Thalassematidae] and [Bone- lliidae+Ikedidae]. This grouping agrees with the presence/absence of marked sexual dimorphism involving dwarf males and the paired/non-paired configuration of the gonoducts (genital sacs). Furthermore, the data supports the sister group relationship of Echiuridae and Urechidae. These two families share the character of having anal chaetae rings around the posterior trunk as a synapomorphy. The analyses also suggest that deposit feeding is a basal feeding mode in echiurans and that filter feeding originated once in the common ancestor of Urechidae. Overall, our results contradict the currently accepted order-level classification, especially in that Echiuroinea is polyphyletic, and provide novel insights into the evolution of echiuran worms.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls
    Review Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls Angelo F. Bernardino1*, Lisa A. Levin2, Andrew R. Thurber3, Craig R. Smith4 1 Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espı´rito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vito´ ria, Esp´ı rito Santo, Brazil, 2 Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America,3 College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America,4 Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America communities. Sulfide is toxic to most metazoan taxa [1,2], Abstract: Sediments associated with hydrothermal vent- although some sediment-dwelling taxa have adapted to conditions ing, methane seepage and large organic falls such as of low oxygen and appear capable of tolerating the presence of whale, wood and plant detritus create deep-sea networks sulfide. Due to high local production, metazoans in reducing of soft-sediment habitats fueled, at least in part, by the sediments in the deep sea are often released from the extreme food oxidation of reduced chemicals. Biological studies at limitation prevalent in the background community (e.g. [3]). deep-sea vents, seeps and organic falls have looked at Instead, chemical toxicity may drive infaunal community macrofaunal taxa, but there has yet to be a systematic comparison of the community-level attributes of sedi- structure. In this meta-analysis we ask which taxa are common ment macrobenthos in various reducing ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproduction of Gastropods from Vents on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
    JOBNAME: jsr 27#1 2008 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: Friday March 14 03:55:15 2008 tsp/jsr/159953/27-1-19 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, 107–118, 2008. provided by Woods Hole Open Access Server REPRODUCTION OF GASTROPODS FROM VENTS ON THE EAST PACIFIC RISE AND THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE PAUL A. TYLER,1* SOPHIE PENDLEBURY,1 SUSAN W. MILLS,2 LAUREN MULLINEAUX,2 KEVIN J. ECKELBARGER,3 MARIA BAKER1 AND CRAIG M. YOUNG4 1National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; 2Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543; 3Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, 193 Clark’s Cove Road. Walpole, Maine 04573; 4Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420 ABSTRACT The gametogenic biology is described for seven species of gastropod from hydrothermal vents in the East Pacific and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Species of the limpet genus Lepetodrilus (Family Lepetodrilidae) had a maximum unfertilized oocyte size of <90 mm and there was no evidence of reproductive periodicity or spatial variation in reproductive pattern. Individuals showed early maturity with females undergoing gametogenesis at less than one third maximum body size. There was a power relationship between shell length and fecundity, with a maximum of ;1,800 oocytes being found in one individual, although individual fecundity was usually <1,000. Such an egg size might be indicative of planktotrophic larval development, but there was never any indication of shell growth in larvae from species in this genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article 2.4MB .Pdf File
    Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 217–236 (2014) Published December 2014 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars EIVIND OUG1,* (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:EF42540F-7A9E-486F-96B7-FCE9F94DC54A), TORKILD BAKKEN2 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FA79392C-048E-4421-BFF8-71A7D58A54C7) AND JON ANDERS KONGSRUD3 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4AF3F49E-9406-4387-B282-73FA5982029E) 1 Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Region South, Jon Lilletuns vei 3, NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway ([email protected]) 2 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University Museum, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway ([email protected]) 3 University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway ([email protected]) * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Oug, E., Bakken, T. and Kongsrud, J.A. 2014. Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 217–236. Early descriptions of species from Norwegian waters are reviewed, with a focus on the basic requirements for re- assessing their characteristics, in particular, by clarifying the status of the original material and locating sampling sites. A large number of polychaete species from the North Atlantic were described in the early period of zoological studies in the 18th and 19th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deep Biosphere in Terrestrial Sediments in the Chesapeake Bay Area, Virginia, USA
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 19 July 2011 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00156 The deep biosphere in terrestrial sediments in the Chesapeake Bay area, Virginia, USA Anja Breuker1,2, Gerrit Köweker1, Anna Blazejak1† and Axel Schippers1,2* 1 Geomicrobiology, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany Edited by: For the first time quantitative data on the abundance of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Andreas Teske, University of North in deep terrestrial sediments are provided using multiple methods (total cell counting, Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA quantitative real-time PCR, Q-PCR and catalyzed reporter deposition–fluorescence in situ Reviewed by: ∼ Marco J. L. Coolen, Woods Hole hybridization, CARD–FISH). The oligotrophic (organic carbon content of 0.2%) deep ter- Oceanographic Institution, USA restrial sediments in the Chesapeake Bay area at Eyreville, Virginia, USA, were drilled and Karine Alain, Centre National de la sampled up to a depth of 140 m in 2006. The possibility of contamination during drilling Recherche Scientifique, France was checked using fluorescent microspheres. Total cell counts decreased from 109 to *Correspondence: 106 cells/g dry weight within the uppermost 20 m, and did not further decrease with depth Axel Schippers, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, below.Within the top 7 m, a significant proportion of the total cell counts could be detected Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, with CARD–FISH.The CARD–FISH numbers for Bacteria were about an order of magnitude Germany. higher than those for Archaea. The dominance of Bacteria over Archaea was confirmed by e-mail: [email protected] Q-PCR.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into Archaeal Evolution and Symbiosis from the Genomes of a Nanoarchaeon and Its Inferred Crenarchaeal Host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Microbiology Publications and Other Works Microbiology 4-22-2013 Insights into archaeal evolution and symbiosis from the genomes of a nanoarchaeon and its inferred crenarchaeal host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park Mircea Podar University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Kira S. Makarova National Institutes of Health David E. Graham University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Yuri I. Wolf National Institutes of Health Eugene V. Koonin National Institutes of Health See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_micrpubs Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Biology Direct 2013, 8:9 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-8-9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Microbiology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Microbiology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Mircea Podar, Kira S. Makarova, David E. Graham, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin, and Anna-Louise Reysenbach This article is available at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ utk_micrpubs/44 Podar et al. Biology Direct 2013, 8:9 http://www.biology-direct.com/content/8/1/9 RESEARCH Open Access Insights into archaeal evolution and symbiosis from the genomes of a nanoarchaeon and its inferred crenarchaeal host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park Mircea Podar1,2*, Kira S Makarova3, David E Graham1,2, Yuri I Wolf3, Eugene V Koonin3 and Anna-Louise Reysenbach4 Abstract Background: A single cultured marine organism, Nanoarchaeum equitans, represents the Nanoarchaeota branch of symbiotic Archaea, with a highly reduced genome and unusual features such as multiple split genes.
    [Show full text]