Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

The Encyclopediaof Religion in Australia

Edited by James Jupp

Australia is a country rich in religious diversity. While constitutionally speaking Australia is a secular , waves of immigration over its short history have had a great impact on its religious and cultural make-up. The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia is the first major work of reference to describe the beliefs, practices and organisation of religion in Australia. It examines religion in several different ways: historical development, systems and controversies, as well as the social role each plays in modern Australian society. This comprehensive volume includes entries on Indigenous , Scientology, Hillsong and Athe- ism, and features all of the major . Richly illustrated, it includes a section dedicated to current debates and issues in modern-day Australia, such as the place of religion in politics, , reli- gious education and social cohesion.

James Jupp is Director of the Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute at the Australian National University.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

Edited by James Jupp

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

cambridge university press Cambridge, , Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi

Cambridge University Press 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia

www.cambridge.edu.au Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521864077

c James Jupp 2009

First published 2009

Edited by Renee´ Otmar Index by Jean Norman Design by Liz Nicholson, DesignBITE Typeset by Aptara Corp. Printed in China by Everbest

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.

National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication data Jupp, James, 1932– The encyclopedia of religion in Australia / James Jupp 9780521864077 (hbk.). Bibliography Australia – Religion – Encyclopedias. 200.0394

ISBN 978-0-521-86407-7 hardback

Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act.

For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 15, 233 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 E-mail: [email protected]

Reproduction and communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act (for example, a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above.

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

Contents

List of contributors ix Chronology xiii Preface xxi

Introduction

Introduction 1 JAMES JUPP

An historical outline of religion in Australia 5 HILARY M. CAREY

Defining religion and spirituality 22 GARY BOUMA

The social role of religion 28 JAMES JUPP

Time, place and social status 41 JAMES JUPP

Ethnic variety and origins 53 JAMES JUPP

Religion in Australia A–Z 69

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander religions 69 Anglican 118

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

vi The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia: Contents

Anglicans 120 Anthroposophy 155 Armenian in Australia 156 The Assemblies of in Australia/Australian Christian Churches 157 Assyrian Churches in Australia 162 in Australia 164 The Australian Church 166 The Baha’´ ı´ faith 168 Baptists 171 Brethren in Australia 180 Buddhists 182 Catch the Fire 214 Catholic Apostolic Church 215 Catholics 216 The Society of (Jesuits) in Australia 245 Catholics: Chaldeans 276 Catholics: Maronites 279 Catholics: Melkites 282 Catholics: Ukrainian 283 Chinese Christians in Australia 284 Chinese religions in Australia 287 Christadelphians 291 Christian Israelites 292 Christian Science 293 Churches of Christ in Australia 295 Congregationalists 299 Coptic Orthodox Church 304 in Australia 312 The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 314 Evangelical Christianity in Australia 317 Hare Krishnas 323 Hillsong and the mega-churches 325 Hindu beliefs, practices and life in Australia 329 Hutterites and Anabaptists 340 Jehovah’s Witnesses 342 345 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) in Australia 375 The Liberal Catholic Church 380 Lutherans 382 Mandaeans 400 Methodists 404 Molokans 415 Moravians 417

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia: Contents vii

Muslims 418 Church of the Nazarene 470 Orthodox 472 The Antiochian Orthodox Church in Australia 474 Greek Orthodoxy in Australia 477 Macedonian Churches in Australia 492 The Russian Orthodox Church 501 Serbian Orthodox Church 503 Syrian Orthodox Churches 510 Other Orthodox Churches in Australia 511 Pacific Islander Churches 513 and in Australia 515 Pentecostals 516 Presbyterians 523 Quakers in Australia 546 Ratana 550 The Reformed Churches 551 Russian Old Believers 553 Salvationists 554 Satanists 560 Scientologists in Australia 561 Seventh Day Adventists 563 Sikhs in Australia 566 Spiritualists 571 Swedenborgians (New Church) 575 The Templers in Australia 577 Theosophy 578 Unitarians 581 Uniting Church 582 Wesleyan Methodists 592 Zoroastrians 594 Other Australian religions 596

Issues

Belief and disbelief 602 JAMES JUPP

Religion, state and politics in Australia 608 MARION MADDOX

Religion and politics in Australia – a Catholic perspective 621 TONY COADY

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86407-7 - The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia Edited by James Jupp Frontmatter More information

viii The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia: Contents

Ecumenical and multifaith Australia 633 DESMOND CAHILL

Fundamentalism in modern society 639 JAMES JUPP

Religion, immigration and refugees 645 JAMES JUPP

Religion, media and cultural diversity 655 ANDREW JAKUBOWICZ

Non-Christian religions in Australia 663 ABE WADE ATA

Religious school systems 668 GEOFFREY SHERINGTON

Religious diversity and social cohesion in Australia 677 ROD LING AND GARY BOUMA

Welfare work and charitable organisations 685 SHURLEE SWAIN

Women and religion 695 HURRIYET BABACAN

Australian young people and religion 712 PHILIP HUGHES

Bibliography for significant religious groups in Australia 718 Index 759

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org