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BIOLOGY GLOSSARY (English – Chinese)

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BIOLOGY GLOSSARY (English – Chinese) BIOLOGY GLOSSARY (English – Chinese) A Site 核糖体 A 部位 abiotic factor 非生物因子[因素] absorption spectrum 吸收光谱 acclimatization 適應，馴化 accommodation 調節；視覺調節 acetylcholine 乙醛 acetyl CoA 乙酰輔酶 A，乙醯輔酶 A acid 酸 acid precipitation 酸性降水 acoelomate 无体腔[的] acquired immunity 后天性免疫 acrosome 顶体，顶体精子 actin 肌动蛋白 action potential 动作电位 activation energy 活化能 active site 活性部位/ 主动运输 active transport 主动运输 adenylyl cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶 adhesion 粘附 adrenal gland 肾上腺 aerobic 有氧的; 需氧的 agnathan 无颌类 agonistic behavior 格斗行为; 争斗行为 AIDS 愛滋病 aldehyde 醛 aldosterone 醛固酮 Alga 藻类 all-or-none event 全或无事件 allantois 尿囊 allele 等位基因 1 allopatric speciation 异地物种形成 allopolyploid 异源多倍体 allosteric site 变构部位 alpha helix α-螺旋 alternation of generations 世代交替 alveolus 牙槽,肺泡 amino acid 氨基酸 amino group 氨基 amino acyl-tRNA synthetase 氨基酰-tRNA 合成酶 aminocentesis 羊膜穿刺法 amnion 羊膜 amniote 羊膜 amniotic egg 羊膜卵 amphibia 两栖纲 amphipathic molecule • 两亲水脂分子 anaerobic 厌氧的 analogy 类比 androgens 雄激素 aneuploidy 非整倍性 angiosperm 被子植物 anion 阴离子；负离子 anterior 先前的; 前面的 anther 花药 antibiotic 抗生素 antibody 抗体 anticodon 反密码子 antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 抗利尿激素 antigen 抗原 aqueous solution 水溶液 archaebacteria 古细菌 archenteron 原肠 artery 动脉 2 arteriole 小动脉 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 asexual reproduction 无性生殖 assortive mating 同型交配 atomic number 原子序数 atomic weight 原子量 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) 三磷酸腺苷 ATP synthase • ATP 合成酶 atrioventricular valve 房室瓣 atrium 心房 autoimmune disease 自身免疫病 autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统 autopolyploid 同源多倍体 autosome 常染色体 autotroph 自养生物 axon 轴突 B cell B 细胞 bacteria (plural) bacterium (single) 细菌 bark 树皮 Barr body 性染色质,巴尔氏小体 basal body 基体,基部小体 basal metabolic rate (BMR) 基础代谢率 base 基础 basement membrane 基膜 base-pair substitution 碱基置换 basidium (single) basidia (plural) 担子 batesian mimicry 贝氏拟态 benthic zone 底栖生物带 bilateral symmetry 左右对称 3 binary fission 二分裂，二分体 binomial 双名; 二项的 bioenergetics 生物能学 biochemical cycles 生化循环 biological magnification 生物放大 biological species 生物学种 biomass 生物量 biome 生物群系 biosphere 生物圈 biotechnology 生物技术 biotic factors 生物因子 blastocoel 囊胚腔 blastocyst 胚泡; 胚囊 blastopore 胚孔 blastula 囊胚 blood-brain barrier 血-脑屏障 blood pressure 血压 book lungs 书肺 bottleneck effect 瓶颈作用 Bowman’s capsule 鮑曼氏囊 brain stem 脑干 bryophytes 苔藓植物 budding 正发芽的; 发芽 buffer 缓冲区 C3 plant C3 植物 C4 plant C4 植物 calcitonin 降钙素 calmodulin 钙调素 calorie 热量; 卡路里 4 Calvin cycle 卡尔文循环 CAM plant 景天酸代谢植物 capillary 毛细管 capsid 衣壳 carbohydrate 碳水化合物 carbon fixation 固碳 carbonyl group 羰基 carboxyl group 羧基 carcinogen 致癌物 cardiac muscle 心肌 cardiac output 心输出量 carnivore 肉食性动物; 食肉动物 carotenoids 类葫萝卜素 carpel 心皮 carrier (genetic) 载体(遗传) carrier-facilitated diffusion 载体易化扩散 carrying capacity 载流容量，承载力 cartilage 软骨 casparian strip 凯氏带 catabolic pathway 分解代谢途径 catabolite activator protein (CAP) 代谢激活蛋白 cation 阳离子 cell cycle 细胞周期 cell fractionation 细胞分级分离 cell-mediated immunity 细胞介导免疫 cell plate 细胞板 cell wall 细胞壁 cellular respiration 细胞呼吸 cellulose 纤维素 central nervous system (CNS) 中枢神经系统 centriole 中心粒 centromere 着丝粒 5 centrosome 中心体 cephalization 头向集中 cephalochordate 头索动物 cerebellum 小脑 cerebral cortex 大脑皮层 cerebrum 大脑 chemiosmosis 化学渗透 chemoautotroph 化能自养生物 chemoheterotroph 化能异养生物 chemoreceptor 化学感受器 chiasma 交叉 chitin 甲壳素 chlorophyll 叶绿素 chloroplast 叶绿体 cholesterol 胆固醇 chondrichthyes 软骨鱼纲 chordate 脊索动物 chorion 绒毛膜 chorionic villus sampling (CVS) 绒毛取样（CVS） chromatin 染色质 chromosome 染色体 cilium 纤毛 circadian rhythm 昼夜节律 cleavage 卵裂 cleavage furrow 卵裂沟 cline 渐变群 cloaca 泄殖腔 clone 复制;克隆 closed circulatory system 闭式血管系; 闭锁循环系统 cochlea 耳蜗 codominance 共显性 codon 密码子 6 coelom 体腔 coelomate 有体腔的 coenzyme 辅酵素 coevolution 共同进化 cofactor 辅助因素 cohesion 凝聚 collagen 胶原 collecting duct • 集合导管 commensalism 共栖 community 群落 companion cell 伴细胞 competitive exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理 competitive inhibitor 竞争性抑制物/剂 complement 补充物 complete flower • 完全花 compound 化合物 compound eye 复眼 condensation reaction • 缩合反应 cone cell 视锥细胞 conifer 针叶树 conjugation 共轭 connective tissue 结缔组织 convergent evolution • 趋同进化 cooperativety 合作性 corpus luteum 黄体 cortex 皮质; 皮层(大脑) cotransport 协同转运 cotyledons 子叶 countercurrent exchange 逆流交流 covalent bond 共价键 crista 羽冠；脊 crossing over 交换; 互换 7 cryptic coloration 隐匿色 cuticle 表皮；外皮；角质层 cyanobacteria 绿藻; 蓝绿菌 cyclic AMP (cAMP) 环腺苷酸; 环 AMP cyclic electron flow 循环电子流 cyclin 细胞周期蛋白 cytochrome 细胞色素 cytokines 细胞因子 cytokinesis 胞质分裂 cytoplasm 细胞质 cytoplasmic determinant 胞质决定子 cytoplasmic streaming 胞质流动; 胞质环流 cytoskeleton 细胞骨架 cytosol 细胞溶质 cytotoxic T cell (Tc) 细胞毒 T 细胞（Tc） decomposers 分解器/者 dehydration reaction 脱水反应 deletion 缺失 denaturation 变性 dendrite 树突；树枝石；树枝状结晶 density 密度 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 脱氧核糖核酸 depolarization 除极，去极化 desmosome 桥粒 determinate cleavage • 定型卵裂 detritus 碎屑 detritivorous (虫类)食粪的; deuterostomes 后口动物 diaphragm 光圈 8 diastole 舒张 differentiation 区别 diffusion 心脏舒张 digestion 消化 dihybrid cross • 二元杂种杂交 diploid 二倍体; 倍数染色体 directional selection 定向选择 disaccharide 双糖; 二糖 diversifying selection 多元化选择 DNA ligase DNA 连接酶 DNA methylation DNA 甲基化 DNA polymerase DNA 聚合酶 DNA probe DNA 探针 dominant allele 显性等位基因 double circulation 双循环 double helix 双螺旋 Down syndrome 唐氏综合症 duodenum 十二指肠 duplication 复制 dynein 动力蛋白 ecological niche 生态位 ecology 生态 ecosystem 生态系统 ectoderm 外胚层 ectotherm 冷血动物; 变温动物 effector cell 效应细胞 electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图（ECG） electrochemical gradient 电化学梯度 electrogenic pump 电动泵 9 electrolytes 电解质 electron microscope (EM) 电子显微镜（EM） electron transport chain 电子传输链 electronegativity 阴电性，负电性 element 元件; 元素 enantiomer 对映体 endangered species 濒危物种 endemic 某些特产的; endergonic reaction 吸能反应 endocrine system 内分泌系统 endocytosis 内吞作用 endoderm 内胚叶; 内皮层 endomembrane system 内膜系统 endometrium 子宫内膜 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 内质网 endorphin 内啡肽 endoskeleton 内骨骼 endospore 孢子内壁 endosymbiotic theory 内共生起源理论 endothelium 内皮; 内皮细胞层；内覆组织 endotherm 温血动物，恒温动物 energy 能源; 能量 enzymes 酶 epidermis 表皮 epiglottis 喉头盖; 会厌 epinephrine (adrenaline) 肾上腺素（肾上腺素） epiphyte 附生植物 epistasis 上位; 异位显性 epithelial tissue 上皮组织; 皮膜组织 epitope (ab) 表位; 抗原决定部位；抗原决定基 erythrocyte 红细胞; 红血球 esophagus 食管 10 essential amino acids 必需氨基酸 estrogen 雌激素 estrous cycles 发情周期 euchromatin 常染色质 eukaryote 真核细胞 eutrophic lake 富营养湖，滋养湖 evaporative cooling 蒸发冷却 evolution 演变; 进化; 发展; excretion 排泄 exergonic reaction 放能反应 exocytosis 胞外分泌; 胞吐 exon 外显子 exponential population growth 人口指数增长 extracellular matrix (ECM) 细胞外基质 extraembryonic membrane 胚外膜 F factor F 因子 F1 generation F1 代 F2 generation F2 代 facilitated diffusion 易化扩散 facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌 fat (triacylglycerol) 脂肪(三酰基甘油) fatty acid 脂肪酸 feedback inhibition 反馈抑制 fermentation 发酵 fertilization 受精 fiber 纤维 fibrin 纤维蛋白 fibroblast 成纤维细胞 first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律 11 flaccid 松弛的 flagellum (single) flagella (plural) 鞭毛; 鞭节的 fluid mosaic model 流动镶嵌模型，流体镶嵌模型，液态镶嵌模型 follicle 囊; 卵泡 food chain 食物链 food web 食物网 founder effect 创建者效应 frame shift mutation 移码突变 free energy 自由能 free energy of activation 活化自由能 fruit 水果; 果实 functional group 官能团 G protein G 蛋白 G1 phase G1 期 G2 phase G2 期 gamete 配子 gametophyte 配子体 ganglion (single) ganglia plural) 神经节 gap junction 缝隙连接 gastrin 胃泌激素 gastrovascular cavity 胃循环腔 gastrula 胚囊，肠胚 gated ion channel 门控离子通道 gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳 gene 基因 gene amplification 基因增殖 gene cloning 基因克隆; 基因无性繁殖 gene flow 基因流动 gene pool 基因库 12 genetic drift 遗传漂变 genetic map 遗传学图 genetic recombination 遗传重组 genome 基因组; 染色体组 genomic library 基因组文库 genotype 基因型 genus 属; 种; 类 gill 鳃；菌褶 glial cell 胶质细胞 glomerulus 肾小球 glucagon 胰高血糖素 glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素 glycocalyx (细胞外被的)多糖-蛋白质复合物，腊梅糖 glycogen 糖原 glycolysis 醣酵解 glycoprotein 糖蛋白 Golgi apparatus 高尔基体 gonadotropins 促性腺激素 gonads 性腺 gram stain 革兰氏染色剂 granum (single) grana (plural) 叶绿体基粒 greenhouse effect 温室效应 gross primary productivity 总初级生产力 growth factor 增长因子 guard cells 保卫细胞 gymnosperm 裸子植物 haploid cell 单倍体细胞 Hardy-Weinberg theorem • 哈代-温伯格定理 heat 热 13 helper T cell 辅助性 T 细胞 hemoglobin 血红蛋白 hemolymph 血淋巴 hemophilia 血友病 hepatic portal vessel 肝门血管 herbivore 草食动物 hermaphrodite 雌雄同体 heterochromatin 异染色质 heterocyst 异形细胞 heterosporous 具异形孢子的 heterotroph 异养异养生物 heterozygote advantage 杂合子优势 heterozygous 杂合的 hibernation 冬眠 histamine 组织胺 histones 组蛋白 HIV (Human mmunodeficiency Virus) 人类免疫缺陷病毒 homeobox 同源异型框 homeostasis 动态平衡; 动态静止 homeotic genes 同源异型基因 homologous chromosomes 同形异色体，纯系染色体 homologous structure 同型结构 homosporous 具同形孢子的 homozygous 同型结合的，纯合子的 hormone 激素; 荷尔蒙 Human Genome Project 人类基因组计划 humoral immunity 体液免疫力 hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物; 烃 hydrogen bond 氢键 hydrolysis 水解 hydrophilic 亲水的，吸水的; hydrophobic 疏水性的 14 hydrophobic interaction 疏水相互作用 hydroxyl group 羟基 hyperpolarization 超极化 hypertonic solution 高渗溶液 hypha 菌丝 hypothalamus 丘脑下部；下丘脑 hypotonic solution 低渗溶液 immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白 imprinting 铭记; 印记 incomplete dominance 不完全显性 incomplete metamorphosis 不完全变态 indeterminate cleavage 不定裂 induced fit 诱导契合 induction 感应 inflammatory response 炎症反应 ingestion 摄取; 吸收 inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) 抑制性突触后电势 inner cell mass 内细胞群 insertion 插入 insulin 胰岛素 integral protein 整合蛋白 interferon 干扰素 interleukin 白细胞介素 intermediate filament 中间丝 interneuron 中间神经元 interphase 间期 interstitial fluid 间隙液 intrinsic rate of increase 内禀增长率 introgression 基因渗入 15 intron 内含子 inversion 倒位 invertebrate 无脊椎动物 ion 离子 ionic bond 离子键 isomer 异构体; 同质异能素 isotonic solutions 等渗溶液 isotope 同位素 joule 焦耳 K-selection K-选择 karyotype 核型; 染色体组型 kinetic energy 动能 kinetochore 着丝点 kingdom 界; 领域 Krebs cycle 克雷伯氏循环 lagging strand 后随链 larva (single) larvae (plural) 幼虫 law of independent assortment 自由组合规律 law of segregation 分离定律 leading strand 前导链 leucocyte 白细胞; 白血球 lichen 地衣；青苔 ligament 韧带 16 ligand 配体; 配合基 light microscope 光学显微镜 light reactions 光反应 limbic system 边缘系统 linkage map 连锁图 linked genes 连锁基因 lipid 油脂; 脂类 lipoprotein 脂蛋白 locus 基因座 logistic population growth 逻辑斯谛增长 loop of Henle 亨利氏套
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