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Teoretični Del UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI PEDAGOŠKA FAKULTETA BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA Študijski program: Biologija in gospodinjstvo RUDNIŠKA KOLONIJSKA NASELJA V ZASAVJU Diplomsko delo Mentorica: doc. dr. Beatriz Gabriela Tomšič Čerkez Kandidatka: Polonca Amon Ljubljana, september 2013 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana ZAHVALA Zahvala gre mentorici doc. dr. Beatriz Gabriela Tomšič Čerkez, ki mi je z nasveti, predlogi in iskreno pomočjo pomagala pri pisanju diplomskega dela. Zahvaljujem se tudi stanovalcem kolonijskih naselij, ki so bili pripravljeni na pogovor in so mi namenili svoj čas ter z menoj delili mnoge izkušnje. Posebna zahvala gre družini Medvešek, Toniju in mojemu očetu, ki so me ob študiju bodrili in mi pomagali. 2 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana POVZETEK V diplomskem delu me je zanimal razvoj kolonijskih naselij v Zasavju, ki so bila namenjena predvsem rudarjem. Predstavila sem začetke intenzivnega premogovništva v Zasavju, vpliv le-tega na prebivalce in njihov življenjski standard. Raziskovala sem posamezne kolonije v Zagorju ob Savi, Trbovljah in Hrastniku, njihovo zgradbo in namembnost. Skozi zgodovino sem predstavila nastanek posameznih kolonij in spremembe, ki so se pojavljale. Intenzivno širjenje premogovništva je prispevalo k vse večjemu priseljevanju delavskega razreda in večjih stanovanjskih potrebah. Prikazala in opisala sem posamezne enote rudniškega stanovanja ter enote, ki so bile v kolonijah v preteklosti skupne. S podrobnejšim opisom stanovanjskih kolonij sem poizkušala predstaviti življenje rudarjev in njihovih družin. Opuščanje premogovništva v Zasavju je doprineslo k rušenju večih kolonij in izseljevanje iz njih. S pomočjo raziskovalnega dela sem poizkušala ugotoviti v kolikšni meri so se med delovanjem rudnikov pogoji za življenje spremenili in kakšne razlike v načinu življenja v kolonijah se pojavljajo zaradi opuščanja panoge. Ključne besede: Zasavje, rudnik, premogovništvo, kolonijsko naselje 3 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana ABSTRACT My thesis is based on the development of residential colonies, which were mainly built to settle families of miners. I tried to describe the beginnings of intense coal mining in central Sava valley (Zasavje), their influence on local population and their life standard. My main interest were individual colonies in cities: Zagorje ob Savi, Trbovlje and Hrastnik, their structure and purpose. I presented the beginnings of first colonies and their changes throughout history. Intense expanding of coal mining contributed to mass immigration of working class and therefore increased need of housing facilities. I presented and described individual units of miners apartment and units which were common to all colonial residents. With detailed description of residential colonies I tried to present the life of the miners and their families. Phase out of the coal mining in central Sava valley contributed to demolition of residential colonies and emigration of remaining residents. Through my research I tried to determine the change in life conditions which the course of the mine operation brought throughout the history and difference in colonial lifestyle due to abandonment of the branch. Key words: Sava valley (Zasavje), mine, coal mining, residential colony 4 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana KAZALO ZAHVALA ............................................................................................................................2 POVZETEK ...........................................................................................................................3 ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................4 KAZALO ...............................................................................................................................5 KAZALO SLIK......................................................................................................................7 KAZALO PRILOG ................................................................................................................8 UVOD ....................................................................................................................................9 TEORETIČNI DEL ........................................................................................................... 10 1. PREMOGOVNIŠTVO ..................................................................................................... 10 1.1. ZAČETKI INTENZIVNEGA RUDARSTVA ........................................................ 10 1.2. POMEN RUDNIKOV ZA PREBIVALSTVO ........................................................ 11 1.3. POSELITEV V 19. STOLETJU ............................................................................. 12 2. KOLONIJSKA NASELJA ............................................................................................... 13 2.1 KAJ SO KOLONIJE ............................................................................................... 13 2.2. RAZLOGI ZA GRADNJO KOLONIJ ................................................................... 14 2.3. KOLONIJE V ZASAVJU ...................................................................................... 15 2.3.1. ZAGORJE .................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.2. TRBOVLJE ................................................................................................................ 16 2.3.3. HRASTNIK ................................................................................................................ 22 3. RUDARSKO STANOVANJE .......................................................................................... 23 3.1. ŽIVLJENJSKI STANDARD V KOLONIJSKIH NASELJIH ................................. 23 3.2. ELEMENTI STANOVANJA V 20-IH LETIH XX. STOLETJA ............................ 25 3.4. OBJEKTI SKUPNE UPORABE ............................................................................ 33 EMPIRIČNI DEL ............................................................................................................... 36 4. METODOLOGIJA ........................................................................................................... 37 4.1. NAMEN IN CILJI EMPIRIČNEGA DELA ........................................................... 37 4.2. SPLOŠNE HIPOTEZE .......................................................................................... 37 4.4. VZOREC ............................................................................................................... 38 4.5. ANALIZA IN OBDELAVA PODATKOV ............................................................ 38 5. REZULTATI IN RAZPRAVA ......................................................................................... 39 5.1. PREDSTAVITEV INTERVJUVANCEV .............................................................. 39 5.2. HIPOTEZE ............................................................................................................ 40 5 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana PEDAGOŠKI DEL - PRIPRAVA ...................................................................................... 47 ZAKLJUČEK ....................................................................................................................... 54 SEZNAM UPORABLJENIH VIROV IN LITERATURE ..................................................... 55 PRILOGE ............................................................................................................................. 57 6 Amon, Polonca (2013). Rudniška kolonijska naselja v Zasavju. Diplomsko delo. Pedagoška fakulteta, Ljubljana KAZALO SLIK SLIKA 2: OKROGARJEVA KOLONIJA V LETIH OD 1905 DO 1910 ............................. 16 SLIKA 3: POGLED NA VODENSKO KOLONIJO DANES .............................................. 17 SLIKA 4: KURJA VAS ....................................................................................................... 18 SLIKA 5: KOLONIJSKO NASELJE NJIVA DANES ......................................................... 19 SLIKA 6: TLORIS TIPIČNEGA RUDARSKEGA STANOVANJA ................................... 25 SLIKA 7: VZIDAN ŠTEDILNIK NA PREMOG IN DRVA TER KOLMKIŠTA ................ 26 SLIKA 8: GREDENCA, POLEG NJE METRGA ................................................................. 27 SLIKA 9: VISEČA POSODA IN KUHINJSKI PRIPOMOČKI NA STENI TIK OB ŠTEDILNIKU ...................................................................................................................... 28 SLIKA 10: ZAKONSKA POSTELJA Z DODATNIM LEŽIŠČEM POD POSTELJO ........ 29 SLIKA 11: KOSTNA S PLETENIMA KUFROMA NA VRHU IN SINGERICA ................ 30 SLIKA 12: KUHINJSKA MIZA Z ELEKTRIČNIM ŠTEDILNIKOM ................................ 31 SLIKA 13: RADIJSKI GRAMOFON .................................................................................. 32 SLIKA 14: OTROŠKI VOZIČEK Z VZMETMI ................................................................. 33 SLIKA 15: KRUŠNA PEČ .................................................................................................. 34 SLIKA 16: NIZ ZIDANIH KLETI ZA STANOVALCE V NASELJU NJIVA ...................
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