Identities and Communication Network of the Middle-Class Underground Lotto Gamblers

2020 Innovation Wachirarat Nirantechaphat Wachirarat A Dissertation Submitted in Partial in Submitted A Dissertation CLASS UNDERGROUND LOTTO GAMBLERS LOTTO UNDERGROUND CLASS Philosophy (Communication Arts and Innovation) and Arts (Communication Philosophy - Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Degree the for Requirements of the Fulfillment National Institute of Development Administration Development of Institute National MIDDLE Doctor of Doctor The Graduate School of Communication Arts and Management and Management Arts of Communication School The Graduate IDENTITIES AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE OF NETWORK COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITIES

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

Committee Dean Major Advisor Major Committee Chairperson Committee

Innovation

COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE OF NETWORK COMMUNICATION Wachirarat Nirantechaphat Wachirarat ______/______/______CLASS UNDERGROUND LOTTO GAMBLERS LOTTO UNDERGROUND CLASS - Examining Committee Approved This Dissertation Approved This Partial Submitted Committee Examining in (Professor Yubol Benjarongkij, Yubol (Professor Ph.D.) (Professor Patchanee Cheyjunya) Patchanee (Professor Ph.D.) Professor Asawin Nedpogaeo, (Associate Professor Somsuk Ph.D.) Hinviman, (Associate

(Associate Professor Asawin Nedpogaeo, Ph.D.) Professor Asawin Nedpogaeo, (Associate The MIDDLE

The Graduate School of Communication Arts and Management and Management Arts of Communication School The Graduate IDENTITIES AND IDENTITIES

Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of of Degree the the RequirementsDoctor for of Fulfillment and Innovation). (Communication Arts

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

class class class class - - dle class class underground - es es and have a limit depth depth interview for - em em through tough times. In good education. Those, who of middle

CLASS UNDERGROUND -

ABSTRACT IDENTITIES AND COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION NETWORK AND IDENTITIES MIDDLE THE OF GAMBLERS LOTTO Nirantechaphat Wachirarat Philosophy and of (Communication Arts Doctor Innovation) 2020 10,000 baht/draw. Most of the people started the gambling habit habit gambling the started people the of Most baht/draw. 10,000 -

class class underground lotto gamblers depend on the supernatural for - research research has the objectives to study the identies servation servation as a gambler to gain the insider view. The research findings are

round round lotto gamblers. It is a qualitative research utilizing in 1) There are 8 underground lotto gamblers, who are involved in the gambling habit habit the gambling in involved are who gamblers, lotto 8 underground are 1) There This

d be made based on the occupation, family reputation, and lifestyle. Snowball

as as successful business people, who have honor, status, and expansive with merit high having lucky, as considered are accurately, numbers guess can turned turned to gambling as a means for entertainment to help th addition, middle success. Fortune seeking becomes an important part of the of characteristics the gambler have a good social standing and modern lifestyle. These people have graduated from both from graduated have people These lifestyle. modern and standing social good a have local and international institutions. They regularly join social activiti 300 between bets the on as consequence a of economic arising political conflicts. problems from As a they result, presented follows: as presented because they want the thrill, entertainment, and networking with others. Mid underground lotto gamblers prefer to place bets with people they know, who generally woul sampling was used to access respondents. The 10 months period of study was August 1, 2019 to May 2, 2020. The researcher analyzed the text and context with supplementary field ob underg respondents The Province. Ratchasima Nakhon from respondents 15 from collection data have more than 5 years experience with income more than 18,000 baht. Consideration Year study The network. communication the of development subsequent the and gamblers lotto examines the connection among major dealers, small dealers, sellers, and middle Author Degree ABST RACT of Dissertation Title

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

time dealers. They They dealers. time -

une seekers, who are fun loving, loving, fun are who seekers, une in the real and social media world within rground rground lotto. They are careful not to make it affect the direction for the development of understanding about the about understanding of development the for direction the

class underground lotto gambling in the context of the culture culture the of context the in gambling lotto underground class - 50,000 baht/draw. Dealers and sellers can openly receive bets

– ation network, which is beneficial for development of knowledge in knowledge of development for beneficial is which network, ation

The The relationship in the network both in reality and virtual world are done

This research provides research This 2) The 1 dealer, 2 sellers, and 4 gambler and sellers, started the business by

of fortune seeking in the digital age. It has developed knowledge about the creation of communic gamblers’ society. Thai in fields. phenomenon business various the underground This reflects openly. openly. Thus, the underground lotto business is a means of accumulation of power and be on. passed that cannot This isinfluence. the dealer the identity of middle the of phenomenon volume volume of about 3,000 small facilitates which police, with relationship good a have they when can contact the major dealers easily on their phone at anytime. Technology has replaced the stringers. absorbing absorbing the behavior from people around them. There are both old and new sellers. Some of them gamble and sell unde The baht. million 30 as high as was past the in circulation financial The profitability. their children generation of dealers would make about 10 million baht. Sellers have sales by gambling, and willing to reveal themselves limited circles. social social connections, and difficult to fort as presented are access. They different. is media in gamblers The presentation of underground lotto have stable business, always lucky winning lottery, help society, have a good heart, love affected good numbers, sharing not places, generous in many making, have friends merit

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

chana up, and - September 2020 September es es both in and outside of Wachirarat Nirantechaphat Wachirarat

esearch esearch would like to thank the

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS both ideal teachers. both ideal al al concepts that have built up the strength of students. Also, the researcher

e e Cheyjanya, Chairman of the Committee, and Dissertation Associate Professor Special Special thanks is extended to the Nirantechaphat family for support in every The The researcher would also like to thank Associate Professor Dr. Kan Associate Associate Professor Dr. Asawin Nedpogaeo as the dissertation advisor. The is work complete. Associate Professor Dr. Asawin Nedpogaeo is the “number 1

is the breath of Thais, NIDA has researcher.” also given breath of academic endeavor for the the classroom. I would like to thank everyone for gratitude is given the to respondents, friends, and patience family for all the and support, follow kindness. Also, inspiration for the work to be completed. Finally, the r continuous support from Nakhon Ratchasim Rajabhat University. “If underground lotto regard. This is a priceless gift for the researcher. In addition, the researcher to would like the researcher addition, In the researcher. gift for a priceless This is regard. thank seniors, friends, and juniors, who have shared experienc psychologic would like to thank Associate Professor Dr. Pira Chirasopone, advisor, my and Master’s Degree Assistant Professor Dr.Walee Preechapanyakul, my who advisor, are Bachelor’s Degree Kaewthep, Kaewthep, for inspiration in studying Ph.D. and doing qualitative research. In addition, the researcher would like to thank Management Graduate School Innovation of Communication for Arts endowing and the necessary knowledge in particular of the courses taken at the program. The Patchane researcher would like to thank Professor Dr. Somsuk Hinviman, External Committee the work. to improve recommendations Member, for their kind advice and understanding, encouragement, dedication, and patience in making all the corrections that corrections the all making in patience and dedication, encouragement, understanding, made th by many is inspired This study everything so perfectly. has who facilitated super coach”, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS researcher would like to thank Associate Professor Dr. Asawin Nedpogaeo for his kind

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v 1 1 7

vi ix xi

iii 40 41 42 43 11 24 25 25 25 28 30 30 30 33 34 35 38

Page ......

......

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF TABLE ......

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Class and Underground Lottery Underground Class and - und Lottery Network Business ......

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE RESEARCH RELATED AND OF REVIEW GENERALITIES OF THE STUDY OF GENERALITIES

......

Underground Lottery Mass Dimension Media Underground Above the Ground Lottery the Ground Above Undergro Lottery Procedures Betting Underground Lottery Dimension Financial Underground Lottery Dimension and Social Political Underground Lottery Dimension Cultural Underground Historical Background Historical Lottery Government Underground Lottery Media and Mass Underground Middle The

2.1.9 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.1 2.1.2 1.1.1 1.1.2 Definition of Terms of Definition Study of the Significance Related Lottery to Underground Literature Background and Research and Significance Problem Background Question Research Objectives Research of Research Scope

1.6 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2

CHAPTER 2 FRAMEWORKS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST CHAPTER 1 ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS OF TABLE

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70 70 70 71 72 72 73 80 81 85 90 93 45 49 54 56 58 62 62 65 66 67 67 69 vii

- 116 122 109

......

...... Middle ......

......

...... Class Gamblers ...... - ......

......

Class Gamblers ...... - ......

......

Class ...... -

......

class Underground Lottery Underground class Gamblers - ......

......

Identity

......

Underground LotteryUnderground Middle Class Gamblers - IDENTITIES AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITIES

Underground Lottery Lifestyle Gambler Underground Middle Lottery for is Entertainment Underground of Taste on Bets Underground the Decision by to Place Lottery and Media Middle Lottery with Gambling of the Associated Underground Beliefs Class…………………….. Objective for Joining the Underground Lottery Joining the Business for Underground Objective Research Middle the about Research Communicationsabout Network Research Research Gamblingabout Research Undergroundabout Lottery Research about Research Identity

4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.1 2.7.4 2.7.5 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 Topic of All Interview Groups of All Topic Interview Lottery Underground Gamblers for Topic Sellers and Sellers, Underground Gamblers and for Dealers, Topic Collection Data of Middle 1 Identity Part Conceptual Framework Conceptual Methodology Research Source Information Literature Related to Search Literature Information RelatedTaste to Literature RelatedMiddle to Class Literature Research Relevant Literature Relevant to Literature RelatedCommunications to Network Literature

4.1 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.8 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH

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viii 200 206 207 207 210 212 225 226 226 226 227 228 233 130 133 143 144 148 160 176 184 197

. .

.. ..

......

...... Class Seller ...... - ......

class Undergroundclass Sellers Lottery Class Underground Lottery Sellers Lottery Class Underground ...... - - ......

Class Underground Lottery Gamblers Lottery Class Underground - class Underground Lottery Sellers towards Underground class Sellers Lottery ......

- ......

......

...... Class Underground Lottery Gamblers Class Underground - Class Underground Lottery Lottery Class Underground Gamblers with Sellers and - Making Payment - ......

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CUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RESEARCHCUSSIONS FINDINGS, OF ......

DIS

Recommendations for for Research Future Recommendations Identity of Middle Identity Communications Network Recommendations General Recommendations Academic Time Receive the Dealer and of MiddleBeliefs Dealer of andExpression Middle Perspective of Gamblers towards above Lottery of Ground above towards Gamblers Perspective Middle Business for and of the Dealer Source of Sellers/Dealers, Channel Communications Relationship between Middle between Bets for Placing Techniques of from and Period Money Seller, in Betting,Dealer Prize Experience Expressing Emotions and Feelings of Underground Gamblers Lottery EmotionsFeelings and Expressing Middle of Expressing Identity

1.9 ecommendations 5.4.3 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.4.1 5.4.2 4.2.4 4.2.5 4. 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.1.7 4.1.8 Discussion of Research Findings Research Discussion of Limitations R Perspectives of Dealer and Middle Perspectives Lottery Business Underground Findings Research Summary of Part 2 Communications Network of Underground Lottery Gamblers of Underground Lottery Network 2 Communications Part

5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.3 4.2 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIOGRAPHY RECOMMENDATIONS CHAPTER 5

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75 86 97

180 191 102 106 118 128 138 143 154 169

...... Page ...... Make Make ...... - ......

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Class Underground Class Underground ...... -

...... class Sellers class ...... - ......

Class Underground LotteryClass Underground - ...... Class Sellers - ......

...... class Underground Lottery Gamblers towards Underground towards class Gamblers Lottery Class Underground Lottery Gamblers’ Behavior Gamblers’ Lottery Class Underground - - Payment ource Dealers andDealers Middle ource - ......

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ......

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Class Underground Lottery Gamblers and Gamblers Sellers Lottery Class Underground - Summarization of Gambler and Dealer Experience Placing Bets, Placing Dealer Winning, Summarizationand Gambler Experience of Dealers Middle and of Beliefs

Source of Numbers, Opinion about Statistics, Numbers from Media, and and of Media, Statistics, from Source Opinion Numbers, about Numbers Presentation Middle Summarization of of the Identity Summarization of Middle Demographics, Objective, Trend of the Group of Underground Lottery Underground the of Trendof Demographics,Group Objective, Summarization of Middle the between Summary of Communications Channels Relationship and Receive in and Time Money of Period Experience Prize Winning Respondents Profile Summary and Basic Summary Profile and Respondents Information ...... Communications Channel of Gamblers and Sellers of Underground Lottery Sellers Underground and of of Gamblers Communications Channel Receive Time of Period Not Sold Numbers Gamblers Gamblers Lottery Lottery Business Underground Gamblers, Sellers, and and Sellers, Dealers Gamblers, Middle Payment Underground Lottery Underground by MiddleSummarization Held of Beliefs

Table 4.12 Table Table 4.11 Table Table 4.8 Table of Business 4.9 Summary Table S and Bets, Placing 4.10 Summarization Relationship, Technique for Table of Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Table Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table Table 3.1 Table 4.1 Table Legalizing Supporting of Against 1.1 Comparison and Table Arguments

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x 199 201 221

......

class - ......

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Summarization of Opinion towards Above the Ground Lottery AboveSummarization the Ground Opinion towards of Summarization of Self Expression of Dealers Middle of and SummarizationExpression Dealers Self of

Comparison of Traditional and Modern Underground Lottery Modern ofComparison and and Traditional Underground Identity

Culture Underground Lottery Sellers Underground

e 4.14 e

Table 4.13 Table Tabl 5.1 Table

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4 8 9

52 53 54 57 21 22 23 36 37 38 42 48 50 50 51 52 12 16 18 19

.. .. Page ......

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2018) - Lottery ......

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all of the Numbers in City Numbers District of the all ......

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fter She Misses First Prize by One Number Prize fter She Misses First er Sales on Sales er Facebook ......

LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF Wheel NetworkWheel Communications Circle Circle Network Communications CommunicationsAll Channel Network Relationship between Income and Relationship and Taste Income between

Sellers Complain They Cannot Sell Cannot ComplainSellers They Ratchasima Nakhon Lotteries………………………………….. Interlocking Network Interlocking Personal Four of Four Frames Identity Chain NetworkChain Communications CommunicationsY Network Underground Underground Network Lottery Underground Communications Network Lottery Dealers GamblersRelationship and between Underground Relationship Lottery Politics between and Radical Personal Network

Figure 2.12 Figure 2.13 Figure Figure 2.9 Figure 2.10 Figure 2.11 Figure Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Figure Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure Figure 1.10 Posting on Facebook 1.10 Posting Government Savings Bank about on Facebook Figure 2.1 Figure Figure 1.7 Post on Facebook Reflecting the Identity of Lottery Winners the of Lottery 1.7 Post onIdentity Facebook Reflecting Figure 1.8 Posting Numb Lottery Figure Postponed because 1.9 Government 1, 2020 was April Drawing Lottery Figure Figure 1.3 Bella Pays Her Pays 1.3 Bella Mom a Figure 1.4 Typical SEC Definition Figure 1.5 Top Numbers Every Draw for Figure Page Karaked from Mae Rejoice, Number 1.6 People Winning Figure Profit (2012 Government 1.1 and Office of the Lottery Income Figure Win From Makes Baht 200,000 80 Wins a 1.2 Ratchasima, Sunaree Wow Figure

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6 59 69 xii

215 219 165 166 184 185 186 187 196 197 198 203 214 114 127 131 135 13 142 146 153

ass ass ...... Cl ...... - ......

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...... g Phor Ngern Prayers g Phorand Ngern ...... Lottery Underground class - Class Underground Lottery Class Underground ...... - class Underground Lottery Gambler and Lottery and class Gambler Underground - ......

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rmation from Mass Media/Social Media and Level of Mass Media/Social and Media from rmation ......

class Underground Lottery Identity class Gamblers Underground ...... -

...... r’s Numbers of Sold Announcement on Facebook

Winning Numbers Printed List Printed 16, 2020 March Numbers Winning Selle of on Facebook Exchanges Fortune Seeking about Opinions Chinese Calendar Chinese Pages on Facebook in the Results for Numbers Application Finding Line Communications of Middle Network Seller’s Post on Facebook Line MessageLine Middle between Definition of Class from Marx and Bourdieu and Definition Marx Class from of Gamblers in the Digital in the Digital Gamblers Era Lottery Gamblers…………………………… Underground Gamblers Communications Sellers Seller Activities CovidActivities during Facebook Posts of Gamblers, who Won the Government Lottery Won who the Government Posts Gamblers, of Facebook Communications of Middle Network of of MiddleThe in Level the Communications Network Openness Reflections of in Lottery Underground Middle

Middle Access to Info s1.huay.com Website of and Network Dealers Communications Wheel Characteristics of the Numbers based on the Birthdate of LuanNumbers of on the Birthdate based to to JoinPost Sharing the Profit Them on to Friends Facebook Invite to to JoinPost Sharing Them the Profit on Facebook to Friends Invite

Conversations between Medium with the of Group Conversations Line Followers between

Figure 5.3 Figure Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure Figure 4.16 Figure 4.17 Figure 4.18 Figure Figure 4.12 Figure 4.13 Figure 4.14 Figure 4.15 Figure Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11 Figure Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure Figure 2.14 Figure 2.15 Conceptual Figure Framework 4.1 Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 key. key. - list (Kor) - low and 8 low and -

OF THE STUDY THE OF

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER GENERALITIES ss with large monetary circulation, thus it has the impact on the (Mingmontri Siripong, 2007) defined in the Gambling Act of 1944, which includes high includes 1944, which of Act Gambling the in defined

Gambling Gambling has a history dating back for thousands of years. There is historical Gambling Gambling has always been part of human societies since ancient times. It has d. Gambling was played with those who were closest to them. Police officers Background and Research Problem Significance property. In some countries such as Australia and United States, gambling was legal was gambling States, United and Australia as such countries some In property. 7. In ancient China, bets were placed on images of flowers, “huay” is the Chinese

pes pes of gambling such as betting on fighting cocks. Although the government allows n Thailand gambling is illegal. However, there are some types of gambling operated 181 word for flowers. The symbols for placing bets changed from flowers to names of dens dens are big busine economy national evidence indicating the migrant Chinese community brought gambling to Thailand in gambling as gambling Gamblers often played in secretive communities places that are difficult to access, such or public places such as as funerals. Gambling forests, in their homes, in many areas. This is particularly true in communities, operate where gambling dens were were always arresting gamblers, which is a testament to the popularity of gambling among a certain group of people in society. Thais preferred to engage in A by the government such as lottery. The government has a policy to allow placing bets on above the ground lottery. In addition, the government gives permission for certain ty certain types of gambling to be legal, it is a known fact that gambling is prevalent in and and in order to control gamblers in a small circle. Gambling has its benefits in terms of entertainment, employment, and is a main for source tax revenues for the government. I evolved evolved over time. In terms of criminology, gambling is not a crime in and of itself, body, physical life, affecting crimes other of cause the was it However, Prohibita. Mala 1.1

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

2 1832 1832 - 57, as cited in Phasuk -

II II had a problem because of the it away in jars buried in their lawns. lawns. their in buried jars in away it (So Plainoi, 1987, pp. 56 It It could be said that it is in the Thai blood. Thus,

(Lottery (Lottery News, 1999, p. 13, as cited in Nisachon lected data from 5,042 respondents aged 15 and ery society, ethnicity, and culture. Therefore, it can be said said be can it Therefore, culture. and ethnicity, society, ery

. special because it is continuously attractive to players. It creates eeking eeking through gambling affects people of all groups, ages, and and they have other desires such as excitement. This is one type of

players, players, who want to know what would happen next. For instance, in

o use Thai characters to become “Huay Kor Koh”. Kor characters Koh”. to become Thai “Huay o use Fortune Fortune s Gambling Gambling has a long history. In the early days the migrant Chinese gambled among themselves. In 1831 In themselves. among gambled Chinese migrant the days early the In impact impact of gambling. The study col above from 16 provinces in all regions. Findings indicate that a majority of the Leeratanakorn, 2004, p. 1) Leeratanakorn, occupations, and level of education. The study conducted by Lapthananont, Social Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University studied the situation, behavior, and playing cards, the excitement starts with receiving the cars, seeing what cards have been have cards what seeing cars, the receiving with starts excitement the cards, playing dealt, and wanting to know how it compares to other players and the dealer. Gamblers expect to win happiness resulting from gambling excitement in the entire process thus maintaining attractiveness for the gamblers. Also, gamblers. the for attractiveness maintaining thus process entire the in excitement it is challenging players through reinforcement. There are wins and losses, making it exciting for behavior that is present in ev in present is that behavior that gambling is a part of life and culture of people of all nationalities. Gambling is interesting because once people try it, they want to keep continuing. In psychological terms gambling is Pongpaijit, Sangsit Piriyarangsan, & Nuannoi Treerat, 2000) & Nuannoi Piriyarangsan, Pongpaijit, Sangsit it is difficult to totally abolish it from Thai society because of the values. high In addition, circulation gambling serves human needs in terms of entertainment. It is a people were not spending. Some people even stored stored even people Some spending. not were people Thus, the solution was to get people to spend again. King Rama III agreed with the revenues collect to rights the concession received merchant The 1835. in and merchant from placing bets for the government government government was forced to import rice. King Rama I draught resulted in reduced collection of taxes. It is was during this period that a rich alcoholic drinks merchant proposed to the King that money did not disappear. Rather important important Chinese people and characters. When this game of bets to came Thailand, it t started a major draught swept through Thailand resulting in high cost of goods. The Thai

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. - 3 1,366.55 2,694.83 - - s 3 times the times 3 s ht). ht). Customer ,592). ,592). There is udited financial udited 64,299.21 million baht, r the expenses in a result - 92,222.79 million baht, 2017 - 7), third illegal gambling dens (MGR Online News Team, 2013) Team, News Online (MGR

t Lottery Office has an income of 3,798.53 million ba . 812.4 million baht, 2016 - outh (aged not more than 24 years). - gly 1,360.61 1,360.61 million baht, 2013 - 65,016.06, 2016 - 61,589.39 million baht, 2013 - 2018, the Governmen - (TCIJ 2019) Team, News (TCIJ 3,955.28 3,955.28 million baht, 2018 1.149.95 million baht, 2015 - - 136,443.80 millionThe baht). earnings afte - airports airports

The Government Lottery Office Annual Report (2017) and the a the and (2017) Report Annual Office Lottery Government The 64,498.72 million baht, 2015 - underground lottery). The total value is 250,000 million baht/year, which i which baht/year, million 250,000 is value total The lottery). underground value of investment in LTF and RMF. The value is equivalent to the cost of the train linking three the million baht, 2014 million baht, 2017 Insights by TMB Analytics studied the behavior in purchasing government lottery and underground lottery. It is found that 1 out of 4 Thais placed bets (government and 597,795.57 million baht (2012 2014 113,725.60, 2018 total profit of 15,138.15 million baht (2012 gambling dens, football, and local sports accordin sports local and football, dens, gambling report for the fiscal year ending in September 30, 2018. When compared to data from the past 7 years from 2012 is followed by the government lottery (19,211,72 (3,125,705), football gambling (1,067,418), local sports gambling (883 about 100 billion baht in circulation per year followed by 76,770 million baht, illegal respondents respondents (64.2%) have experience in gambling. About 63% of the reported that they respondents had started gambling in their y underground is gambling of type popular most The old. years 7 is gambler youngest The lottery. There are 19,923,643 people, who place bets on the underground lottery. This

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

2018) -

. The opinions regarding the Support Legalizing Gambling Support Government can control problems Government Underground lottery is prevalent and is and lottery prevalent Underground use and can collect taxes Government this revenue to improve society. to improve this revenue 3. gambling. from 1. be controlled. cannot 2.

Buddhist

- port or help help port or Nisachon Nisachon Leeratanakorn (2004) Team, 2019. Income and Profit (2012 Government and Office of the Lottery Income Underground Lottery Underground

Comparison of Arguments Supporting and Against Legalizing of Supporting Legalizing Comparison Against and Arguments

1 Against Legalizing Gambling . TCIJ News News TCIJ 1

. The Government Lottery Office has a significant income thus driving the 1 : 1 Gambling is Thai Gambling against Creates poverty poor because if the Creates Gambling is a bad thing and the thing and is bad Gambling a 3. values. government should not sup government to gambling. those addicted they would poorer. more be gamble 2. 1. legalizing legalizing gambling by lottery presented in the underground as following table legalizing Table support for above the ground lottery. There are many research works studying Figure Figure Source

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

study, “What do Thai

ission collected 13.9 billion billion 13.9 collected ission

buted highest 1.59 billion baht,

Support Legalizing Gambling Support this provides more convenience for

price price of the bets. In addition, it would of income. The government, therefore, The income. of

Stop the circulation of Stopmoney to circulation the circulation of money in gray Reduce ank has issued policy for issuing prize

. Revenues from government lottery is 4. people thus impacting powerful and society, politics. economics, 5. market. NIDA Poll (2018)

Against Legalizing Gambling

Today Today the Thai government has plans to issue “online” lotto to make it more In February 2018, the State Enterprise Policy Comm Policy Enterprise State the 2018, February In

(Sangsit (Sangsit Piriyarangsan, 2005, p. 203) Increase cost of cost living unnecessarily. Increase Increases crime Increases fortune from gambling seek People Creates poor spending poor values. Creates and destroys family conflict Creates 8. 6. 7. than hard work. rather 4. 5. families with the middle man, which would reduce their income. their would reduce which middlewith the man, convenient convenient and legal. They can also control the be fairer for the consumer. According to People Think about Online Lotto?”, about 75.20% agreed with online 24.16% did not lotto, agree. In addition, it is found that respondents wanted a while means to deal money is issued from lottery sellers. In addition, Lottery Government the at reward their get and go to need not do they so winners prize Office. For For instance, Agriculture and Cooperatives B is to charge policy 2, 2020. The May on Bank Krungthai and 1, 2020 money on March 1% and 0.5 for tax stamp, which is a better offer than the 2% charge when the prize only make it illegal because it is a major source major a is it because illegal it make only voluntarily populace the that tax unseen an as income of source a as gambling considers pays money. banks and other issuing prize earnings the from significant like would to make first 5 months of the fiscal year 2018, the Government Lottery Office made 1.59 billion billion 1.59 made Office Lottery Government the 2018, year fiscal the of months 5 first baht or 24.77% (Government Lottery Office contri 2018). It is the state enterprise that makes the highest contribution. Thus, this reflects can government the Consequently, gambling. remove cannot government the reason the baht from state enterprises. This is 1.9 million baht more than the expected goal. In the In goal. the expected than more baht million 1.9 is This enterprises.state from baht

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 6

explained that “huay pah” is not simply not is pah” “huay that explained

(Phasuk Pongpaijit et al., 2000, pp. 176 Pongpaijit al., 2000, (Phasuk et sion to sell “huay pah”. They feel honored 40) - major source of income for people in all groups, groups, all in people for income of source major

society society derground lottery with dealers. However, totally have to pay to the stringers. When they get fed up

nd lottery depends on the government lottery results nderground lottery provides more prize money than the than money prize more provides lottery nderground In In placing bets on underground lottery, there are

term term it is expected that better education should reduce the - aler to be able to do so. aler e e impacting society through addiction when gamblers fail to manage Placing Placing bets on undergrou Nuannoi Treerat et al. (2014, pp. 39 pp. (2014, al. et Treerat Nuannoi The question isThe why Thai people still to place like on undergroundbets lottery, Thus, in the long

. government lottery. The gamblers might choose to bet on only the underground lottery lottery underground onlythe on tobet choose might gamblers The lottery. government or bet on both underground and government lottery. Mass media take the role in with a set of predetermined rules. Gamblers do not need to invest in a lot of money. They can bet with 5 or 10 baht. There are many different types of bets making it easy u that feel gamblers The buy. to with no cash, would bet on “huay pah”. However, this is a risk for the sellers. If the gamblers do not pay up, the sellers from trying to collect debts, they would simply give up. Thus, it can be said that those terms. financial than more is that relationship a have to have pah” “huay on bet can who an economic transaction. It is the reflection of the social relationship. When sellers have sellers When relationship. social the of reflection the is It transaction. economic an higher volumes, they are granted the permis people Therefore, community. their in capital social their to contributes it because do to relationships before, during, and after the results of the draws are announced. Thus, this Thus, announced. are draws the of results the after and during, before, relationships viewed is This later. pay and bets place can gamblers where pah”, “huay in resulted has gaining trust of the de as relaxation relaxation whil their money. In another perspective gambling builds relationships with people in the same environment through excitement, information reaching seeking, joint conversations, conclusions. and cannot be totally removed 100% from from be totally removed 100% cannot 177) when they know they stand to lose more than to gain anything. Gambling results in Placing bets on underground lottery is a is lottery underground on bets Placing therefore it would be difficult to abolish it. Every supporting underground group lottery. Gambling also that has its value gains in entertainment, thus benefits it keep number number of people placing bets on un getting rid of underground lottery is impossible. This is because underground lottery has become a part of Thai society and education cannot do anything to change it.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

7 is a

based (Kanchana (Kanchana lers engage engage lers making. - (Kanchana Khawthep, Khawthep, (Kanchana indirectly. indirectly. They present news

legged pigs, license plates of -

eously. Some of the media audiences are are audiences media the of Some eously. h as three

. Underground Lottery andUnderground Media Lottery Mass

is supporting the culture of placing bets on underground lottery. Thus, the

Mass Mass media support underground lottery betting The The analysis of the name and content of magazines giving hints about placing Gamblers Gamblers placing bets on underground lottery seek information from 1.1.1 When considering the ideal role of mass media, there are many aspects to be

. nnot be controlled. The second belief is the numbers result from certain rules such as as such rules certain from result numbers the is belief second The controlled. be nnot eking eking is in the blood). This has become a habit that is part of the daily life (placing about prize winnersabout on a basis. regular When audiences learn of this news, they would mathematics mathematics based in probability. There is a trend that the second belief is numbers growing.out pulling in power superstitious of role the in reduction the means This on their will. As a result, numbers are 1996) Khawthep, drawn based on fixed criteria means means of fortune seeking that has taken a more modern twist with scientific elements such as probability. It is observed that underground streams. lottery The first has is evolved the belief into that the two numbers come from some divine power and ca more in information seeking behavior and use statistics use decision their and seeking for in information behavior more bets revealed that underground lottery is the traditional way of Thai thinking. It 1996) newspapers, online newspapers, and becoming members of groups such as above the gamb Today, group. dealers’ and group, lovers’ lottery group, lottery ground underground underground lottery that started from poverty has arisen to become a part of national fortune because Thais of habit a is but group any to particular not is (gambling character se culture of part a it making habit) a is lottery underground on bets considered such as surveillance monitoring social movements. In addition, mass media media mass addition, In movements. social monitoring surveillance as such considered has to report the truth. However, sometimes the mass media do more than their ideal role, which curious about the trustworthiness of the news. trustworthiness the about of the news. curious reporting reporting high probability numbers suc politicians, and news about those winning the government lottery. The news reports include strange aspects and the outstanding characteristics of individuals. However, right role their conducted not have media mass

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. atchasima, Wins makes a a makes Wins atchasima, (Entertainment (Entertainment News Team,

akes a 200,000 Baht Win From 200,000 Baht 80 akes a M

(Entertainment News Team, 2020)(Entertainment Team, News 2020. ,

Team

lotteries” lotteries” 80 ………………………………….. otteries L Wow Sunaree Ratchasima, Wins Wins Ratchasima, Sunaree Wow

2 . Entertainment News Entertainment Another Another news story is about Bella, actress, does not win the lottery, Bella Pays

1 . The audiences would feel the loss and excited to learn about their favorite 019) 2 people. would fortunes. stories different news feature actors/actresses The Source: Source: Her Mom after She Misses First Prize by One Number Figure Figure like like to win such rewards as well. They have expectations that one R Sunaree “Wow news, the instance, for day well, as rich become they would win from 200,000 baht

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

9 (2007, 20,000 . It has -

et et al.

poor. poor. There are explained explained that a proportion of (Local (Local News Team, 2020) Sangsit Piriyarangsan

15,000 baht (34.3%), 15,001 - baht Lottery Saga, Money Goes to Uncle Uncle to Goes Money Saga, Lottery baht - isses First Prize by One Number Prize First isses class, who have income more than 20,000 -

2019 , Team

e e for the middle per per month (27.9%), 10,001 baht baht prize. It has news value in terms of human interest and suspense. - Parliament Parliament Secretariate, 2007, p. 6)

Bella Pays Her Pays Bella Mom after She M

3 . Entertainment News Entertainment The The government has the idea to bring underground lottery above the ground. Most people view underground lottery as gambling for the of winner the about is continuously media mass in lottery about news Reporting umber 533726. “End of the 30 million 30 the of “End 533726. umber 1 million 10,000 baht - -

The mass media has analyzed the benefits and problems through opinions of academics, academics, of opinions through problems and benefits the analyzed has media mass The baht per month (32.5%), and those with income more than 20,000 baht (27.615%). This (27.615%). baht 20,000 than more income with those and (32.5%), month per baht shows that placing bets on underground lottery is more than hope for the poor. Today it is also a symbol of hop baht. as as cited in income and middle, low, of groups among distributed are gamblers lottery underground groups, which are those, who have income less than 5,000 baht per month (16.4%), 5,001 captured audiences for two for years. audiences full captured numerous studies that aim to solve the problem of gamblers because it has a negative impact on the economy, society, crime, and family. The The mass media has been following the news of the first prize winner of November 1, n 2017, Charoon as Court Gives up on Kru Preecha Pleas” Source: Source: the 30 Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

10 raws for 2 for raws Corruption Corruption 2007, the 2 - - and 91. This This 91. and

. (Politics News Team, ched ched in 2003, it was not very (Team, 2019b) (Team, highly prevalent online lottery Pornchokchai, Pornchokchai, Managing Director,

during the government of former PM Thaksin

September 16, 2006 16, September - ocha had the idea of presenting the jackpot prize of 100 100 of prize jackpot the presenting of idea the had ocha - y General, as the President of Government Lottery Office, the privileged children. children. the privileged

mplementation mplementation in Thailand. This includes the possible launch ng the government of former PM Thaksin Shinawatra and PM Gen. Prayut

Above Above the ground lottery The The revision of the benefits of above the ground lottery would increase the PM Gen. Prayuth Chan Prayuth Gen. PM From From the court blackcase number 1/2551, where the National Anti . ocha. ocha. The Thaksin government used the earnings from above the ground lottery - law. law. Many governments have come and gone, however, there abolishing is no government real effort lottery in and arresting the revenue revenue was 82,718 million baht and in 2005 the revenue was 92,764 million 26, 2019). Vol. 331/2019, June (AREA baht Shinawatra, is a populist policy that was revoked because its operations violated the Research Research and Assets Assessment Data Center, explained that during 2004 in for the growth 100% earnings a contributed had lotter the ground 3 digits above and the Government Lottery Office. When it was first laun popular. In 2004 the revenue was 76,429 million baht, a growth of 108%. In 2004 the 2019a) earnings from the government lottery. Dr. Sopon revealed revealed that the meeting on June 24, 2019, there was a recommendation to introduce new lottery products. There were studies that investigated the 2 and 3 digits and lotto, as possible options for i of 2 and 3 digits online and through smartphone applications and 3 digits August 1, 2003 since and million baht, if the lottery sales reached 2 billion baht. Pochara Anantasilp, former Excise Department Secretar Penal Code 147, 152, 153, 154, and 157 and Criminal Code 83, 84, 86, 90, 86, 84, 83, Code Criminal and 157 and 154, 153, 152, 147, Code Penal is based on the Government Official Act of 2502 (1959) clauses 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The joint defendants are the cabinet ministers in Thaksin’s government in 2006 along d the making been have who employees, Office Lottery Government 47 with education opportunity as opportunity education Commission sued Thaksin Shinawatra for misconduct based on the violation of the who made the comparison to determine the similarity and differences with government government with differences and similarity the determine to comparison the made who lottery duri Chan to help the poor through the 1 fund for 1 amphoe, to provide children with equal

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 11 class class - tagram. rground tices. tices. This middle class. class. middle

- 2 generations. - sized to large

ki Lottery. ki Lottery. - estate. Thus, they would by - ituation in Thailand has led to he he suburbs, three floor town houses, ng real t to be accepted by those in with high in with by those high to be accepted t ss. However, they may not have the business business analysis could be done using the

class, who have upgraded to upper to upgraded have who class, - Class and UndergroundClass and Lottery - 30 Theyears. good economic s - sized sized business also are owners. They the main target for the Thai - The Middle

middle class are defined as those who have a fairly high level of income. - 1.1.2 Categorization of social classes for In terms of the underground lottery, there are hints on Facebook and Ins and Facebook on hints are there lottery, underground the of terms In estate estate in the past 20 - Due to the limitation of in availability of land in the city, most of the people live in the live in people most city, of the in the of land availability limitation to the of in Due and and home offices that have value over 3 million baht. A majority of the middle are office workers, middle level government officials, and small entrepreneurs. These people have limited access to loads for purchasi value home offices or town houses in the suburbs with price less than 2 million baht. real middle the of number the in growth the They have to change their residence in line with their new social stature. The upper middle class are the core target for residences in t They have improved their status but they have ye their improved but have they status have They status. This group includes organizations or mid employees or management of mid The The upper They are successful in their careers and busine These status. high the in those as connection family or reputation of terms in acceptance people are the new rich, who have achieved wealth in the previous 1 objective objective method. The most popular methods use income, occupation, and education. that can guarantee that bringing underground lottery above the ground would really abolish such practices. However, getting rid major of a is It people. above Thai of breath the the is it since ground difficult very is and time same the at unde lottery the government media. directlyfor is that supported by the mass revenue in placing bets has led the government in an effort to bring underground lottery above the ground making it legal with the aim to solve the problem of illegal prac study not is there However, money. reward their get to assured be can buyers because is gambling. gambling. The online network even openly gives away calculation formulas through Lottery, Yee Hanoi Laos and Lottery, such as applications In addition, there are more benefits than buying government lottery. The convenience

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

Economic Economic - class is larger in - class is social media. media. is social class - up 72%. About 80% are Class in ASEAN” (2015), (2015), ASEAN” in Class - - 198, as cited in Witthawat - class. In Thailand categorization Thailand In class. - class proportionate to being a small a being to proportionate class - class makes class class is based on the Socio - - class citizens we can create, the country

- class. class. -

(Thio, (Thio, 1986, pp. 196

Class: New Perspectives of Middle of Perspectives New Class: -

. C are defined as middle defined as C are

eed to work to be able to purchase products that they need. The factor that factor The need. they that products purchase to able be to work to eed I believe that the more middle end Middle end -

- Typical SEC Definition

family family income revealed that middle 4 . Marketing Oops!, 2015. class, class, while only 72% indicate that this is their status because they do not Sarit Sarit Thanarat, the successful initiator of the cult of the leader, explained that, There are other indicators regarding class other than income. In the research The The ASEAN definition of the middle 1 est est way to create a strong nation is to ensure that the middle - SEC, which uses the monthly family income as the criteria. Most of the people - SEC of B nation nation such as in European countries Switzerland. such as Denmark, Holland, Sweden, and “The “The b middle have to is goal The group. any than number middle consider their income but rather their lifestyle. They explain that they have their own n but lifestyle being individual the perception as an middle of in the influences titled, “High titled, middle the lead to want income high have who people based on Figure Figure Source: in suburbs or regional urban areas 2013) Rungruangpol, Class

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- - - s 13 tors who Preecha ants, who who ants, aksorn, 1993, aksorn, -

class class are the impetus for - rame rame to analyze the middle Eiewsriwong Eiewsriwong explained that the (Warawit Charoenlert, 1993, pp. 133 pp. 1993, Charoenlert, (Warawit Nithi Marxist f - did not agree with the academics,

collar and skilled artisans, who have their their have who artisans, skilled and collar - class in Thai society historically came into came historically society Thai in class - 65) - class demand democracy for political stability - . 40, as cited in Thiranat Kanchana Thiranat in cited as 40, . would influence the economy. Each of the groups groups the of Each economy. the influence would used used the Neo

76) - collar, collar, laborers, and small producers in the new capitalist - ecomes a critical condition for the development of the economy class would support this system to maintain smooth operation of - class includes merchants, freelancers, academics, government - (Phewnual, 1990, p 1990, (Phewnual, enterprise and private enterprise employees. These people have - Nithi Eiewsriwong (1993, pp. 49

It It is clear that every group would have the political power thus it is critical for A study of the political struggle in Thailand revealed the role of the middle . The The middle

. society. society. the development of relationships that relationships of development the would have to maintain their own benefits while integrating cooperation among one another. The middle homogeneous homogeneous characteristics and have grown significantly powerful in the market. In the new capitalist society, the middle (peacefulness). This b uncertainty and through clear policies. to reduce confusion political unique skills that lead to their career development career their to lead that skills unique 139) officials, state during the Middle Ages in Europe that led to the birth of this new group that were not middle The groups. existing the of members merch rich are which groups, main two are There decades. few a for existence white and demands, market by controlled are change in society through the lenses of a new group of people in society. In Europe thi Europe In society. in people of group new a of lenses the through society in change included land owners, clerks, soldiers, priests, and merchants. However, this is not limited to serfs of the land or those are under the care of the ruler (including slaves, prisoners of war, homeless, wandering artists, and artisans). There are many fac society. society. This group of people is sandwiched between farmers. the investors, laborers, and replaced sociology with Marxist Class Theory. middle class created a new page for history. The middle class class that is always sandwiched between the rulers and those, who are ruled. Piempongsarn (1993, pp. 75 class, defined as the white would have a happy society. The structure of the economy, thus would be developed to developed be would thus economy, the of structure The society. happy a have would goal.” this achieve p. 282)

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. 14

160). 160). , p. class, class, who are not place place bets on the -

, 2000 40 years and have good have and years 40 - ing activities. They enjoy enjoy They activities. ing class are engaged in this thisamarn, thisamarn, 1992, p. 174) - e et al. et

ciety. They are an integral part of city city of part integral an are They ciety. d between 30 d between (Khamnun (Khamnun Sit . The dealers maintain a good relationship good relationship a maintain dealers The . 1) prises of merchants and government officials. government and merchants of prises Phasuk PongpaijitPhasuk l acts. In these countries such businesses do not not do businessessuch countries these acts. In l ( few, who earn an honest living. go honest These people earn an few, who

” ” rich. Such a situation could not be positive to the accepted in so in accepted - class class to stand up to engage in political conflicts is - reputed schools. In addition, they have earned degrees from the - class in Thailand com Thailand in class - ranking ranking officials, who provide protection. Payment could be made to police -

(Sangsit Piriyarangsan, 2005, p. 19 p. 2005, Piriyarangsan, (Sangsit The The study of behavior in purchasing government lottery and underground Observation of the underground lottery business structure revealed that changes changes that revealed structure business lottery underground the of Observation The middle The known Thai and international universities (both public and private). These people These private). and public (bothuniversities international and Thai known - are 63%, who like to place bets because they like fortune seek fortune like they because bets place to like who 63%, are that believe They bets. placing to addicted are 11% remaining The winning. of thrill the lottery lottery in Thailand by the Customer Insights by TMB Analytics revealed that 50% of the salary man and business owners. About gamblingbehavior. the on based 12 categorized be can groups Three lottery. underground million people There prize. the win to hoping in serious not are They fun. for play 26% that found is It with high monthly Theas payments. small pay dealers less. is the payment on theUsually, made government lottery drawing of the day well well are and reputations good have society occurred in the past two decades. The new generation of dealers inherited their business business their inherited dealers of generation new The decades. two past the in occurred age younger, are They generation. older the from education from well The The instigation of the middle fromprevalent the past to the present. This is a temporary situation since underground lottery has survived every government because the middl activity. country country because the state business would be in questionable conduct. Thus, Thailand does not the have regular middle hands of the rich, who have are dealings. in illegal There engaged about their life and tend to be a silent power exist or need to be in the dark. However, in Thailand since 1947, officials have been lax. This led to the rich being powerful mafia in various regions and in almost every province. They became “irregularly In In other countries, merchants are regular people, who conduct business in accordance to the laws. Those selling illegal goods, gamblers, casino and brothel owners are all illega in engaging criminals considered

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

15 occupation/

. Thus, there are some in the in some there are Thus, . a a new product, that people can

stem in Thailand needs this group group this needs Thailand in stem owners (about 9 million people) like like people) million 9 (about owners is replaced by the cost in buying news, class class includes the mass media, which is - e e to gamble. This is because the owners or gambling gambling or congratulating those who win the

class.

- regulation of news presentation to the public. Mass media media Mass public. the to presentation news of regulation - (Passanai Nutalai, 1997, p. 22) p. 1997, Nutalai, (Passanai e fight for ideology. However, mass media has limitations in ange to maintain its role in presenting content to suit the thoughts thoughts the suit to content presenting in role its maintain to ange , 1996). the opportunity for people from various groups to play a role in

Kaewthep class class who do not have ethics. They operate and support illegal businesses both The The search for good numbers by the gamblers could be as easy as typing a Social Social mechanisms among the middle The The role of mass media in presenting high probability numbers or news stories - Kanchana Kanchana message, the word “huay”, on Facebook or Instagram. There would be numerous results numerous be would There Instagram. or Facebook on “huay”, word the message, They need to access becauseThey it news could sources, done be easily. this the scenario In cost of travelling to search for a good number which becomes a new product defined by the new information technology ( society to support the benefits from ideology to hold them together. “When news is involved with mass media, it changes its status, as public service to have a new status. From relying on the divine spirits and holy trees, news is to be have Thus, it generation has certain gamblers proactive. of access. the new costs, influencing social thoughts social influencing middle sy economic and political The indirectly. and directly has to be flexible to ch to flexible be to has and needs of the audiences at that particular time (differences in class/ ideology). Mass media in particular newspaper has been dubbed as the voice of the people. It provides a a tool for changes or th terms of freedom. This is because news is controlled indirectly by the government, self and operations, business lottery lottery is reliant on the government lottery, thus the mass media presentation despite simply reporting the news entices peopl shareholders of the mass media are from middle the from are presently the underground lottery network, who that highlight number interpretation for government lottery, is more than its expected role. Placing bets on the underground the value of the prize money is worth their investment. Thus, they buy without thinking. thinking. without buy they Thus, investment. their worth is money prize the of value the business and man salary that concluded be could It to place bets because of the thrill all the way to those who hope to win richer. become in order to

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 16

determinism. He explained that of income. result determinism. is the For taste explained He s contents could be presented as still and movies images. Some of Some images. movies and still as presented be could contents s e as presented in the following examples. presented in the following as examples. e mbers mbers for every draw. These pages play the role in consolidating the ator, ator, habitus, which leads to appreciation of culture capital. Taste can be Top Numbers Every Draw for Page

5 . economics political on based made is class and taste of consideration Boudier’s

1 it is a medi cost of use the than rather used products of the choice through reflected and improved in line with economic in line economic with change cannot millionaire, a becomes and lottery the wins who person, poor a instance, rather but taste of cause direct a not is income Thus, immediately. taste personal his/her Figure Figure subsequent purchas subsequent accidents. These new These accidents. the pages have members reporting from their own location to present on social media the making and believing in discretion own their use Viewers see. to gamblers other for for instance top numbersfor draw list green VIP, every every numbers winning and draw, sharing best nu television, of news through as such medium, Buddha images, presentation mass media monks, birthdate of celebrities, scratching on trees, car license plates, and major

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

17 000 000 (Hot (Hot (Center (Center for taking, thrill - s leads to the term profit. No No profit. term - paper) or online online or paper) back in time

spective, education, spective, education, erground erground lottery gamblers nomenon from the series, “Love (Kanchana (Kanchana Kaewthep & Somsuk class und -

class class gambler’s social network. The benefit is not always . .

- . class class are constructing the underground gambling as their own - 2018)

The The middle Communications network of middle iman, 2017, p. 574) iman, v he gambler can calculate the numbers in advance in the hopes of long of hopes the in advance in numbers the calculate can gambler he 329 years, which is the length of time that Mae Karaked travelled Team, Day News identity supported by mass media that provides an opportunity to exchange news. This news. opportunity to exchange an that provides by mass media identity supported also creates network with strong ties such as the phe Destiny”, “People Rejoice, Winning Number from Mae Karaked” on April 16, 2018 with the winning number 739229. The three ending digits of this winning number is matter matter how good the player is, inevitably they would lose their money Studies,Gambling 2018) different different numbers with 14,168 that have the chance of winning. This means that the gambler has 1.4168 odds in winning the reward. However, the opportunity has a high math, of on probability. terms is gambling based In to lose money (98.5832%). chance T with their own network, exchange, and fortune seeking behavior. Thi development of middle financial, because the government lottery has very low opportunity of winning. The government lottery has 6 digits. It means that in every round there are 1,000, of the game, and engagement or absorption from close acquaintances. The gamblers news and (television media mass from numbers the get regularly might social media (Facebook or Line). In addition, gamblers select top numbers from their experience, statistics, and dream interpretation. These inputs are used to communicate cultural, cultural, economic, and symbolic per income, beliefs, occupation, way of life, as such characteristics capital of the people, experience and common preferences. For instance, some people who like risk share common benefit benefit analysis as indicated in terms of economics Hin includes the dealers, sellers, and gamblers. This relationship is determined by social,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. 2018

, People Rejoice, Winning Number from Mae Karaked from Mae Rejoice, Number People Winning

6 . Hot News Day Team Hot News

is own. This on their to seek through without having numbers actors for Search 1

statistics through applications and pages. pages. and statistics through applications disseminated disseminated through mass media and social media, where excitement is created as Figure Figure Source:

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

, 2019. Post on Facebook Reflecting the Identity of Lottery Winners the Post of Lottery onIdentity Facebook Reflecting

7 . Kwongtung Pokdeng Kwongtung 1 Figure Figure Source:

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

ansfer theiransfer payment

ers present their victory on mass media, they become the role model for success for model role the become they media, mass on victory their present ers Purchase Purchase of lottery is even more convenient with facilitation on Facebook, Observation Observation of the presentation of the identity of the lottery winners on social product improving the ease in selling and reaching a larger group of of group audience. a larger in selling improving and reaching ease the product both directly and indirectly. and both directly buyerswhere can book their desired numbers. They would then tr online any like conducted is lottery of sale The mail. the in lottery the receive would and in achieving their dreams with pride. There is a feeling of media joy mass the and and the individual the friends that of said be the can it Thus, too. win to like would winner both play a role in expressing the gambler’s identity and support underground lottery media media such as Facebook, shows that the winner would announce their results. Their friends would come in to congratulate them and celebrate with joy. In addition, when winn the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

te the results of the lottery May, 2020. The Government

19 outbreak during March - Posting Lottery Number Sales on Sales PostingFacebook Number Lottery

8 . Presentation of the roles of the gambler and sellers on social media was also 1 studied during the Covid Lottery Office postponed the drawing. Gamblers anticipa Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

This is because the

. This is because the sellers

. ttery as presented in the examples. presented in the as examples. ttery s Team, 2020) (Finance (Finance New were were postponed two times in a row. The Government

May 2, 2020 at Lottery 2, 2020 at May Retail (Business News Team, 2020b) Team, News (Business (Business (Business News Team, 2020a) down order in response to the Covid to the 19. down order in response

class gamblers express their self, online and shift to make underground and underground online shift self, their to make express gamblers class - by Researcher on Government Lottery Drawing April 1, 2020 was Postponed because Postponed because Government 1, 2020 was Drawing April Lottery Sellers Complain They Cannot Sell all of the Numbers in City Numbers District Sell Cannot of the all ComplainSellers They Ratchasima Nakhon

9 . The The Government Lottery was not drawn on April 1, 2020. It was postponed to Middle

1 Image Image ote: lottery bets on numbers based lo on on the government numbers bets lottery time in history where the draws postpone to not adamant was it why is This baht. billion 5.4 lose to stands Office Lottery 16, 2020 drawing the May N first the is It threat. significant a facing is economy the while 2020, 16, May and 2 May Figure Figure April April 1 Lottery Drawing” cannot sell all of their lottery because people do not get out of their homes due to the local government purchase purchase they made for the August 1, 2020 drawing. This is because the Government Lottery Office postponed the drawing, “Gamblers Need to Wait for 2 Weeks, April 1, drawing is postponed to May 16” sellers as to postpone the drawing, “Sellers Demand the Finance Ministry to Postpone

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

class gamblers -

class gamblers are are gamblers class -

May 2, 2020 May

. would place their bets on other types of gambling. They posted on posted on They other bets of gambling. their types would place

class class gamblers placed their bets on other types of gambling when the - by Researcher on Posting on Facebook Posting Savings Government Lottery Bank on Facebook about

10 . From the literature reviewed, it could be said that underground lottery has been haslottery been that underground said be couldit reviewed, literature the From Middle 1 Image Image r gamble on underground lottery while the rich invest in the stock exchange.”. poo Therefore, the researcher would like to investigate the reason middle returned to its normal state returned a symbol of hope dating all the way back to the reign of King Rama III. This type of has its origins among the poor and has come a long way, leading to the saying, “The announced on Labor Day May 1, 2020). This shows that the middle the that shows This 2020). 1, DayMay Labor on announced and highly adaptive their Facebook, “Wow! Wow! Ha ha ha so cool!”. When the government announced the drawing of the lottery on May 16, 2020 as usual, the underground lottery market Note: Note: government did not draw the lottery on May 2, 2020 (government lottery is not Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

24 class class - class class has - class have taste, - class underground underground class -

erground gamblers? lottery are are discussions about the regime and and way of life in the community.

class und class - , Department of History, Faculty of profit without any good will. However, However, good will. withoutprofit any

schools, while the school expenses and people, who are addicted to gambling, results to gambling, results addicted are who people, class class - class underground lottery gamblers? lottery underground class (ThaiPublica, (ThaiPublica, 2015) -

group has to decided invest in lottery. underground This is in line

What are the characteristics middle of What middle of network communications the of characteristics the are What

een een negotiating with political powers. Their goal is to create a righteous 1) 2) Research Question

dealers, sellers, middle and dealers, underground underground lottery gamblers? What is the connection among major dealers, minor in the creation of networks. This is reflected in the culture of middle of culture the in reflected is This networks. of creation the in Thai society. in gambling lottery the capitalist 1.2 insurance are increasing. This results in changes in the perception of self. The desire to desire The self. of perception the in changes in results This increasing. are insurance on bets Placing value. core the becomes future and fortune family the on based success middle among lottery underground people in the rural communities try to charge a a communities try to charge in the rural people this anger should not occur, because people in the rural communities like the us have the fear of falling. People want to improve their status. They want to have success in their work to send their children to better class class based on social values. Changes in society shifting from capital ownership to a network. This results in transformation of thoughts to no longer emotions. be can attached of of We part the framework loss are Profit and the traditional image of the rural community. For instance, we would not accept it if Humanities, Humanities, Chiang Mai University. He concluded that the structure of feeling has changed. There has been no previous systematic research to study emotions except in terms of individual emotion. In other countries there have emotions These society. by created are emotions human that explain to emotion of understand understand why this Prof. by Democracy”, towards Move The Societies: Rural in “Changes lecture, the with Dr. Atthajak Satayanurak engage engage with underground lottery despite it being illegal since the middle always b society, politics, economics, and culture. In addition, the education, middle and good economic status. Therefore, the researcher would like to

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

25 ment Class -

n every underground class gamblers explain, who they who explain, gamblers class -

class undergroundclass gamblers. lottery -

class underground lottery gamblers. lottery underground class and and Communication Network of Middle -

y Office did not have drawing on May 1, 2020 and again again and 2020 1, May on drawing have not did Office y ”, would collect data from 15 respondents consisting of 1 1 of consisting respondents 15 from data collect would ”, ties

elected elected based on their occupation, reputation, and family in llers llers and gamblers, and 2 sellers. Respondents would from the ed as the ability of the middle the of ability the as ed Gamblers 19 outbreak). Analysis was conducted based on text, context,

- o

Lott rch Objectives To study the characteristics of middle characteristics To study the To examine the characteristics of the communications network of middle

alers, sellers, andalers, middle Underground lottery is defined as a type of gambling that relies on the winning winning gambling on the type of relies a that is defined lottery as Underground serve to information of accessing the as defined is behavior seeking Information defin is Identity Gamblers are those defined as people, who place bets o 1) 2) The study, “Ident Definition of Terms Scope of Research Resea

are. It is rooted in the relationship with the underground lottery network. This includes This network. includes lottery relationship in the is underground rooted with the It are. between the dealer and gamblers, is illegal. the dealer which and between the needs of gamblers. This for informationsearch could be made from mass media or media. personal lottery round or at least have a regular betting least have regular 5 years. a at least behavior for at or round lottery numbers from the government lottery and provides rewards based on the agree observation, and insider gambling. insider about and view observation, 1.5 order order to use the snowball technique to find more respondents. Data collection conducted for a period of was 10 months from August 1, 2019 to May 2, 2020 for the data Lotter (Government collection due to the Covid selected selected area of Nakhon Ratchasima province. All of them are from the middle class 18,000 than more of income with years 5 than less no for business the in been have and baht. Respondents were s Underground Underground dealer, 8 gamblers, 4 se class class underground lottery gamblers including the connection among major dealers, minor de 1.4 1.3

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 26 ers, more more sized to large large to sized - 85,000 baht and - 50,001

class class gamblers, which might ho have good education, can - level income in society. Most of -

collar collar workers. Most of them have vocational - level government officials, small business own middle class with income - - 50,000 baht. 50,000 baht. class class underground lottery gamblers based on the - - level level blue - p includes employees or management of mid of management or employees includes p f reputation or family connection as those in the high status. sized business owners. sized owners. business - class class are those who have middle - middle class are defined as those who have a fairly high level of nd conversations through phone, fax, and Line. Identity is the result - behavior of gamblers from other classes. behavior other gamblers from classes. of class class is defined as the group of people w - s focused on middle

class with income 18,001 with income class Ideology Ideology is defined as the way of thinking or values that form the basis for the The The middle Middle The upper Taste is defined as the result of habitus or the choice to gamble on underground underground on gamble to choice the or habitus of resultthe as defined is Taste - collar collar workers, and top - from from the guidelines set as part of the ideology. Therefore, the maintenance of the try to do what is appropriate and consume products improves their status to be modern. result that benefits certain of acceptance the includes It behavior. class of determination them are company employees, mid white They apartments. or townhouses in living society by accepted be to want They degrees. generations. They have improved their status but they have yet to be accepted by those by accepted be to yet have they but status theirhaveimproved They generations. grou This status. high with in or mid organizations income. They are successful in their careers and business. However, they may not have have not may they However, business. and careers their in successful are They income. the acceptance in terms o These people are the new rich, who have achieved wealth in the previous 1 read read and write, have good social economic status and cultural standing living a good life. They are consumers, who attempt to be modern in the sense accepted in society. They can be categorized as upper middle be different from from different be of which self individual. the expresses the network, through communications lottery identity i gamblers way the and media through gamblers of presentation The others. of perception view themselves, are connected to the culture of middle communications communications through various channels such as online media, personal media, as well as activities a the relationship between “I” and “others and society”. Being able to say who a person of creation the study this In society. and others with negotiating in power on depends is

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

of of 27

iques on of

of the month

th and 16

st ery 1 class gamblers and sellers, techn sellers, and gamblers class - of high probability numbers through last three digits of the winning lottery

on meaning between the source and receiver. This

class gamblers, who also sell numbers. sell numbers. gamblers, who also class - strong tie, weak tie, and no ties. There are both formal and

to winners.

such such as January 16, which is Day. Teacher’s The drawing would be on 17

Hints are defined as the presentation Eat is defined when money or benefit agreed upon is gained by either the Teng is defined as placing bets on the Tote is defined as placing bets on the digits from the winning lottery number Stringers are defined as those who get the bets from the gamblers and pass it on on it pass and gamblers the from bets the get who those as defined are Stringers Drawing is defined as the issuance of lottery ev Dealers Dealers are defined as those who engage in the underground lottery business Communications is defined as the process of exchange of knowledge, opinions, knowledge, of exchange of process the as defined is Communications Communications network is defined as the process for dissemination of th with no consideration to the order. to the with no consideration gambler or the dealer. the dealer. or gambler order. exact in the number the 16 instead. January themselves. the interpret where or throughgamblers media, actions, other words, people are also dealers. dealers. also are people ondrawing no is there that days some are month.). There in each drawstwo are (There and payment and these Sometimes people. “delivery” called are people these areas some In dealer. the to seeking seeking behavior. Furthermore, it includes the relationship between the seller and the middle between channel communications dealer, payment the sellers, and dealers for rewards of payment experience, numbers, selling in and beliefs, dealer middleperiod, categorized categorized in three types sales the with starts It groups. the in coordination the determine that networks informal of underground lottery, number of years selling underground lottery, circulati money/period, bribery, other expenses, location for placing bets, and other fortune becomes part of the taste taste part the in gambling of lottery. on underground becomes information or relationships among group members. The relationship can be ideology ideology requires the transfer of beliefs to others. This could be through conditions of social and mechanisms. the use learning achieved through and experiences to create a comm

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

28 ery ery

from the from lottery.

time dealer. -

fined as the numbers on which many people place bets. are defined as the numbers that the gamblers believe have been have believe gamblers the that numbers the as defined are

buy numbers are defined as the famous numbers that many people want to To develop the guideline to create an understanding guideline the an phenomenon the to create about To develop -

class class gambler’s identity in the fortune seeking culture in Thai society in the 1) Locked numbers numbers Locked Number list is defined as the printed publication of the winning numbers from The two ending digits from the prize lottery is also considered as above. is alsolottery digits above. two ending as from considered The prize the digits lottery. the 3 ending of the defined as are numbers Below The two ending digits from the 2 ending digits of the lottery are considered as Top numbers are de No Pah is defined as placing bets verbally and making and later. placing verbally payment as bets is defined Pah not making the agreed payment. as is defined (Default) Biew Making numbers is defined as the action to get the numbers for placing bets is defined as the small Wholesaler prize digits first defined the are ending the 3 from numbers as Above Run is defined as placing bets on either the 3 digits of the winning lott

- Significance of the Study

middle digital age. 1.6 of the news presentation about underground lottery gambling and the subsequent highest winning numbers to lowest. These are usually published after the numbers are announced almost immediately. Today the winning numbers website. on the smartphone and application can be checked on locked to win in a particular drawing. particular to win in a locked presented be would numbers winning the of order The lottery. government the numbers. bets their on. place below. below. These numbers might come from sources that are known to be accurate in giving such such as candle drops, calculations, and statistical methods. statistical calculations, and candle drops, as such (above) (above) and 2 digits (below). Getting any number right is considered a win but the or below. to indicate above needs gambler

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

of the gray business (not in the formal system) in Thai

class gamblers, who have good education, occupation, income, good income, taste. and have occupation, gamblers,education, class who It It is the reflection To create knowledge about network communications used by underground -

3) 2) society, which examines the relationship between major dealers, minor dealers, sellers, dealers, minor dealers, major between relationship the examines which society, middle and lottery gamblers. This would provide benefit in terms of knowledge in various fields of fields various in knowledge of terms in benefit provide would This gamblers. lottery science. economics, law, political arts, communication and studies such as

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 Class - e this too too this e o know the

and and Communication Network of Middle

CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER ities

(Kanchana Kaewthep,(Kanchana 2002) life life Ident RESEARCH FRAMEWORKS RESEARCH

Gamblers” Gamblers” used the following theories to develop the research t Research t Research

o Historical BackgroundHistorical REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND AND LITERATURE RELATED OF REVIEW iterature Related Lottery to Underground iterature Related to Middle Class iterature

Relevan L Related to Literature Identity Related to Communications Network Literature Related to Search Literature Information Related to Taste Literature L Many Many proponents in society view placing bets as a form of gambling that

Placing Placing bets is rooted in the Thai culture resulting from the desire t 2.7 2.1.1 society. in people among relationship the reflects Bets” “Placing of concept The 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 The study titled, “ Literature Related to Underground Lottery

evolved to be gambling for gambling to be evolved future. future. This comes in the form of abundance to seeking marital partnership. These fortune oriented rituals to predictions predict the regarding the climatic tim impact In entertainment. of form a as gambling include to form its on changed future It It is a type of entertainment that might end up creating social, economic, and family problems. entraps the populace. However, placing bets has long been a part of Thai culture that itshas roots in history. 2.1

Underground Underground Lott framework.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

). oked Sangsit ( s for the 2000

, et al. et me people even

characters by looking by looking characters

I I was worried that the d to cater to fantasies of were were 36 characters with Chinese

Phasuk PongpaijitPhasuk ( selection of numbers or alphabets. 1832, there was a major draught. There was a - Chinese Chinese “Huay” means flower. Later the name

172). 172). - 171 born son, who became a government official.” - , pp. , 2013 In In the early days, placing bets was a practice that was limited to the migrant Evidence Evidence indicates that the migrant Chinese brought placing bets to Thailand Placing Placing bets in Thailand started with the in the morning. Later Phra Sriviroj, requested the king for another concession. Thus, there were two daily bets. However, later Phra Sriviroj’s concession was rev buried buried their money in water jars. Therefore, he proposed that the government open betting opportunities. King Rama II agreed with the idea. In 1835 the king granted the concession to the Chinese merchant, who doubled as the collector bets offering of by income good very a fund made merchant This alcohol. sold and government shortage shortage of grains leading to the import of rice. King Rama I situation would result in a bad collections. One economic of the Chinese merchants, who condition was selling alcohol, had the thus brilliant resulting in lower idea that the money did tax not dry up. Rather people were saving up. So alphabets, thus gaining the name “Huay Kor Kho” Kor “Huay thus Kho” gaining the name alphabets, Chinese community. However, in 1831 during the period of 1817. In ancient China, the practice came from guessing the name guessing came from the name practice China, ancient the 1817. In of period during the of the flowers written on the paper. In of the flowers was replaced by the name of important characters in Chinese legends. When the Chinese introduced placing bets to Thais, they replaced this with Thai “S” “S” was paired with the poem, “O big frog, High Ho, Oh Son splendid. of Som Huay is The so first Piriyarangsan at at the pictures. Therefore, Mistress Sho Hong, developed the system added to was poem translate short the a addition, In understand. to Thais for easier it make to characters to make it easier to remember. Such development was create instance, For remember. to easier were which characters, animal in resulting people the names names created from characters in protagonists, Chinese emperors, aristocrats, legends priests, scholars, including thieves, and male others. However, and not even could They do Chinese. not know distinguishThais the female These These were originally called “Huai Huay”. This practice originated with the Chinese and to appeared be limited to this ethnic group. gambling The was done privately with no government intervention. In the early days there

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

as ed ed 32

, cited cited 57 poems poems - as as 56 185 185 , pp. , p. . King Rama VI VI Rama King . 25) -

working. Some put their their put Some working.

l the items from the temple temple the from items the l

). (San Wichayan, 2002, pp. 24 pp. 2002, Wichayan, (San 150). Members of the public, who could predict the predict could who public, the of Members 150). 2000 , p. , , 2000 et al. et

, et al. et

ion are one and the same. It is the King’s idea that a nation built upon upon built nation a that idea King’s the is It same. the and one are ion abolished abolished during the reign of King Rama IV (Plainoi, 1987

rom gambling. The King had to save, endure, and sacrifice his personal assets Phasuk Pongpaijit Phasuk Gambling Gambling on bets in the past depended on Khun Bal to communicate to the “Huay Kor “Huay Kho” had numerous side effects. This is Thais because of all social Phasuk Pongpaijit Phasuk ayers, ayers, thus stimulating the excitement about the high probability numbers. This

who regulated the gambling to solve the problem of the people. the gambling of to the problem solve who regulated (Muen Amon Darunurak 1962) Amon Darunurak Jamsunthornvej, (Muen pl resulted in some people investing in gambling without much thought. It was the King, rid of bets gambling. He used his own personal funds to pay the sum that was previously previously was that sum the pay to funds personal own his used He gambling. bets of rid earned f for the people until 1915. After 6 years enforcement on its the to prior throne, days 15 King only Rama order the VI about knew abolished people the The Kho”. Kor “Huay had had the vision to improve the livelihood of the people. The King often spoke that the nat the and people the plight of the people would eventually collapse. Therefore, the King decided to get their possessions or resort to stealing. Some people even stea even people Some stealing. to resort or possessions their to sell for money to gamble. Monks and decent people revenue of part which were government, the for expense high a affected. became deployment officials As a result, bets the on levied tax the from comes levels were involved in the game. Some of the people stopped people the of Some game. the in involved were levels for seek they lose, they When money. more winning of hopes in gamble the into wages more funds in an attempt to win back their money. In the end they might have to sell wanted wanted to stop income from gambling but he was afraid that there was no source of income to replace it. As a result, eventually in 1916, gambling became restricted and was in cited in wrote who Poom, clerk, the instance, For rich. very become accurately numbers predicting the winning numbers, is very famous and rich. In 1887, King Rama IV because of some problems. The Chinese merchant then ended up having the concession the having up ended then merchant Chinese The problems. some of because theof part significant a became the bets from money 1835, From daily. bets two run to amount bets placing from earnings 1902, By years. 80 for government the of income 1971 (Ingram, revenues government the of or 27% baht to 4.28 million

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

154). 154). - 153 , pp. 996). 996). The government lottery 2000 , , 1 et al. et

ment Lottery Office consolidated to twice ment consolidated to twice Office Lottery underground lottery”.). The practice of paijit Kaewthep term term goal for charitable purposes. This later - rnment rnment Lottery Office to issue lottery once a “lottery”, “lottery”, which is the type of betting we are

a a large revenue could be collected from the bets 1874, the first European lottery was issued for the

ate ate sector, the lottery is issued by the government.

Red Red Cross and Scouts. The underground lottery grew Kanchana Kanchana Phasuk PongPhasuk the reign of King Rama V, the English advisors suggested that the Government Lottery Government Lottery

Once the bets gambling that had its roots in the Eastern culture, primarily China, primarily culture, Eastern the in roots its had that gambling bets the Once 2.1.2 During around around the same time as the government lottery. The first dealers, were the original “Huay Kor Kho” dealers ( as as a consequence of the government lottery. This is bettingbecause on numbers of the government lottery became a prevalent behavior (Once it became illegal, the practice went underground, hence the underground lottery has name no official beginning; however, “ it is expected that it started people people are volunteering to pay). In first time in Thailand for the celebration of King Rama V’s birthday. From that point onwards, lottery was issued during special occasions. During the reign of King Rama VI issued lottery to support the Thailand Thailand were operated by the priv The second characteristic is the short evolved as a means of collecting revenue for the government as a form of tax (that government government would print number tickets that be would sold special occasions or during on a regular basis. This is because made by the public. Therefore, countries have practice. enforced There are two distinctive characteristics. Firstly, laws while the traditional bets in that supported this ended. ended. A new era of Thai gambling started once again. This time it had its origin from the West. The European concept of familiar with today. It was first originated in Italy and spread to other countries. The charitable organizations. In 1995 the Govern organizations. In charitable based agencies various to distributed be would sales lottery from revenue The month. a 3% discount, sellers’ 9% government, the to allocated is 28% this Of objectives. the on 60% ( and reward operations, Phibulsongkram Phibulsongkram established the Gove month. This was increased to twice a month in 1989. In addition, Lottery the Office would issue Government charity lottery as approved by the cabinet as requested by government government issue lottery for charity. Before the Siamese Revolution government of 1932, the did not regularly issue lottery to increase revenues. In 1939,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

34 ing ing olicies olicies (Phra (Phra Samunatchai tionship between investors and

xpand xpand Thai society’s perspective. 13). 13).

, p.

. 2013 203). 203). , - 43)

- 202 , pp. , 2005 he he government has plans to launch online lottery or lotto to solve the Above the GroundAbove the Lottery

s. However, the government does not seem to be serious in solving the ation ation to the public resulted in the failure of implementation. This is because Today Today t The The legal gambling conflict reflects the perspective of Thai society, while, 2.1.3 Issuing 3 digits and 2 digits above the ground lottery, is one of the p was was to reform the Government Lottery law of 1974. However, it was not

anakaro (Chandra), 2012, (Chandra), pp. 42 anakaro Sangsit Piriyarangsan underground lottery problem. gamblers lottery is that to make for only another bets channel underground It underground lottery. might replace price hike problems. In addition, the online sales channel provides more convenience from revenue in collecting interested is government the that shows This buyers. the for this busines local local monopolies. Legal gambling results from the rela politicians/government officials. The government has large thus,expenditures it needs a source of income from the “unseen taxes”, that people are more than willing to pay ( study of the political power structure, which could e This would connect economic and political factors. Thus, some would see that this policy is the government’s display of power in support of international investors and Thailand Thailand is a Buddhist society, thus gambling is considered a vice Th functionalism questions the role of gambling in Thai society. Both views ignore the goal successful. Therefore, the above the ground lottery was stopped, until the government explaining in government the of inability the Thus, society. to benefits the justify could the situ underground underground lottery dealers as a means to stomp out “influential” people, while us be to supposed was revenue the of recipient main The nation. the benefit to revenue the the ODOS project. However, after the coup of The policy. this continue September to aimed Chulanonda Surayuth 19, Gen under Committee Reform 2006. The National during the government of Thaksin Shinawatra. The goal is to legalize the practice and bring the income to the government. Also, the government aims to get rid of the allocates allocates 60% of the revenue to Savings of (12%) (Miracle operations prize money, government income (28%), and

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

35 cited cited (2000) (2000) as as et et al.

10 million baht per time -

n with the number of number n with the customers fashion. The size of the business business the of size The fashion.

Phasuk Phasuk Pongpaijit

. 2.1 156). 156). The structure in other provinces are usually nd lottery has an established network to facilitate ottery ottery business has four levels. At the top most are , p. major major dealers might control more than just one province. , 2000 depth study in one northeastern province (Niljit, 1991 study northeastern depth in one al. - et et

Underground Lottery Business Network Business Network Underground Lottery

One One level down in this hierarchy are the wholesalers. In Thailand there are 2.1.4 The business of undergrou Phasuk Phasuk Pongpaijit financial resources as presented in Figure presented in Figure resources as financial wholesalers wholesalers would operate with a cash flow ranging from 2 in proportio The increases is issued. the lottery income as well as the profitability. At the same time, as the business expands, strong the has who dealer, a risk under network a formalso would wholesalers Therefore, increases. In each province, there would a mix of both large and small dealers. province, there would small dealers. both large and a mix of each In similarin operate who wholesalers, these of hundreds depends on the source of finances, wealth, and ability in attracting clients. The framework framework that the underground l the major dealers. They might control all of the underground lottery business in the the On province. the in area specific a control only might dealers the of Some province. other hand, some influential in similar but may vary depending in minor details. interviewed dealers and gamblers in the northeastern region and developed the sales and collection of revenues. The structure of the network as presented in this study study this in presented as network the of structure The revenues. of collection and sales in on the partly is based

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

spend a large

he same community. community. same he

. , 2000

et al. et

Underground Underground Network Lottery

1 . Phasuk PongpaijitPhasuk be be in the communities, markets, slums, factories, and offices (both private and The The results of the analysis of the communications network of underground At the third level are the sellers (they are sometimes called kack). These people These kack). called sometimes are (they the sellers are level third the At level are the TheyAt the fourth small form agents. a relationship with the kack

2 igure igure

Gamblers Gamblers can directly contact the wholesaler or through fax. Those who might kack a discount. the directly get or wholesaler sum and contact even following in the be could summarized figure. gamblers lottery and wholesalers. Sometimes they would be office mates or live in t in live or mates office be would they Sometimes wholesalers. and These people would collect the money and give it to the kack or wholesaler. In the cities, underground lottery gambling has evolved to accept payment by credit cards. the sales or discounts received from those higher up in the hierarchy. usually Kack would organizations).government Source: Source: passsell the numbers and up the They earnings the earn hierarchy. commissiona from F

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

, 37

ible ible for Open Open Secretive Quite Secretive

Openness of Communications Openness 3% 3% commission from sales. - explained that the income of the

154) -

. Level Dealer Level Dealer - Writers Gamblers

Small time Dealer Middle 3 % cut from the payment made for each time the lottery is - Stringers Kananukul, 1999 Kananukul, Underground Underground Communications Network Lottery

2 . Chawanuan Chawanuan Chawanuan Chawanuan Kananukul (1999, pp. 152

2 here are cases where a certain number might have a very high demand. These numbers numbers These demand. high very a have might number certain a where cases are here Figure Figure number. number. This is because the dealers usually collude with one another. dealers have In to regularly addition pay high level police officers. The writers also have to pay would be hard to find and as a result the stringer would be told not to allow bets on them. Usually, if one dealer stops accepting the bet on a certain number, those in the same area would follow suit. As a result, some of the gamblers would have to contact other dealers, who might be in another district or province, in an attempt to bet on that collecting. collecting. Considerations are given to the performance distance (vigilance of and errors travel, made) size in of collecting the area, money. stringers do not andreceive any payment, In they only get the 2 some areas, T stringers stringers comes from 2 issued. The income would depend on the location the stringer is respons Source:

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

38 2.3. uld be yment. yment. e e out to

The The gambler can bet on the last two - cedures for betting and the criteria for

Writers Writers Gamblers Gamblers The The gambler can place the bet on the three last digits - explained the pro Dealers Stringers and Dealers

umber. The prize money is 500 times the bet placed (sometimes (sometimes placed bet the times 500 is money prize The umber. Underground Lottery Betting Procedures Procedures Betting Underground Lottery

Relationship between Dealers and Gamblers DealersRelationship and between

3 . A. The two digit above and underground B. The three digit above 2.1.5 Tara Meeboon (2003)

2 umber umber issued by the government is called underground. The highest winning would Figure Figure 550 times the amount of bet place is paid). place of bet 550 times amount the n placed (sometimes of bet only 60 times 70 times amount is the paid). be n lottery winning the of winning as explained in the following section. following section. in the winning as explained digits two The bet. above called is This number. winning lottery prize first the of digits

coordinate coordinate the negotiations on their behalf. The dealer does not usually com The relationship for. work writers the whom known however, is, themselves. It expose demonstrated hierarchy in as a the the dealer follows Figure and gambler between to demonstrate their performance to the superiors. Therefore, an agreement wo worked out among dealers along with police, local politicians, and other influential individuals to determine their course of action. The dealer would entrust the writer to minor police officers, who often come to ask for protection charges. Payment made to the police (inspectors, detectives, and crime suppression units) is not a fixed pa dealer, the that ensure not do payments such However, made. request the on depends It stringer, and writer would not be arrested. Sometimes the police need to make arrests

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

39 zes zes as well. he gambler would gambler he ned that there are many ways to gambling gambling as an issue of luck. explained that in order to study

ws gambling as a way to rise above 18) explai

- mbling as illegal and thosembling as illegal need involved 8) - s case supposed the bet is placed on the first first the on placed is bet the supposed case s , pp. 19 To attract more gamblers the dealers would allow allow would dealers the gamblers more To attract -

digits. In thi In digits. economic status, which would mean being able to afford afford to able being mean would which status, economic - - rspective rspective views gambling as a source of revenue because social social perspective vie -

Political pe perspective views Legal ga Supernatural Supernatural perspective views Business perspective views gambling as being controlled by certain Economic Scientific Scientific perspective views gambling as “risk”, winning or losing

5) 6) 2) 3) 4) 1)

digits winning number. The bet has to be placed on one of the two numbers for numbers two the of one on placed be to has bet The number. winning digits - Nuannoi Nuannoi Treerat et al. (2014 Chawanuan Chawanuan Kananukul (1999, pp. 7 C. Tote (Not based on order) on based (Not Tote C. to be arrested. to be arrested. better education for the the for children. education better it is unable to tax the rich. Therefore, gambling is the voluntary payment the people poor. in this activity are who people most engage government of the to the and make gambling. gambling. poverty. Women generally allocate part of their income to place bets in the hopes of social family’s the improving Winning is a lucky stroke. lucky stroke. is Winning a rules. Winning or losing depends on the mechanical process such as the program for gambling it is important to study it from different perspectives that are interconnected. that are perspectives different study it itgambling is from to important on “probability”. depends instance the first prize or the 2 the or prize first the instance prize lottery number, which is 273429, the bet on 4, 2, or 9 would win. The chance of winning is 3 in 10. numbers. numbers. place bets. The running bet is based on the 3 digits from the first prize lottery number 2 the or winner winner would receive 100 times the amount of the bet. There are other pri Most of the people prefer to play above 2 or 3 digits because it has a higher level of prize money. The two digits bet is more popular. The elderly like to play running a bet to be placed on the three digits of the winning lottery number. T number. lottery winning the of digits three the on placed be to bet a win without consideration of the order. For instance, if the winning number is 952, those who win would have bought the numbers 952, 925, 592, 529, 259, and 295. The

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

social, social, culture, and mass

- time gamblers believe that - ld present the various dimensions about favorite favorite numbers and there is no minimum bet. term the gamblers with small amounts of money or - ecomes ecomes a mechanism in transferring money from ing when compared to the government lottery. is It a gambler bets on underground lottery, there is no way they way nois there lottery, underground on bets gambler 0% 0% would be allocated for commission given to stringers, lose all their small money. These

the dealer and their people, who end up making a regular profit. profit. regular a making up end who people, their and dealer the to people of all ages, gender, and even poor people can bet on it. because because it is easy to play. There are various ways to place bets. y circulated in the underground lottery more than 70% goes to the

Underground Lottery FinancialUnderground Lottery Dimension

In In this chapter, the researcher wou 2.1.6 The mone The The fact that the underground lottery is based on the government lottery leads lottery lottery because in the long - time players would - encouraging encouraging corruption. This is because some police involved. officials Underground and lottery politicians b are they can take risks because they have good luck. The people, who have more money look at it as a game to challenge the dealers. However, at the end of the day all of the to pay to have gamblers They hardly have to make any investment. In addition, gamblers play a role in Thus, for every 100 baht the 100 every for Thus, name the gained has it Thus, structure. rewards the on based investment their regain can of loss small the major dealers. About 2 minor dealers, and sellers. The amount of money received would trickle hierarchy. The dealers, down second to the major dealers also take a cut for their operations. the prize prize money. From the remaining 30% about 5 to 7 % is the net income of the major dealers. The remaining 5 to 10% would be used in the management and protection of underground underground lottery. This would include financial, political for study. the critical and dimensions interconnected All of these media. are It can be bought in the community with trusted individuals. Therefore, the underground the Therefore, individuals. trusted with community the in bought be can It lottery is accessible As a result, it becomes an integral part of the daily life of the community within the in those being and of relatives as group. deemed the same network is expensive for the average person. People People the lottery person. average who buy for that alsois expensive underground feel they have a better chance of winn lottery. underground the on bets place to easy is it addition, In risk. the distribute to way to its popularity Gamblers can choose many of their which lottery government the from different is It placed. be can bet a baht one only With

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

, 41

Phasuk Phasuk Pongpaijit rve as a major support for money politics For these type of MPs politics is a form of

. ld reduce the number of gamblers and dealers. who gets to be MPs. These people take part in urce urce of income for people at different levels in the economic economic status if they win. However, the gamblers -

177). - , modern, and more flexible. The bets can be placed by phone, fax, e e numbers before sending the bets of to the major dealers. Thus, in a . For gamblers, placing bets is a means of risk taking. It is an 176 Underground Lottery Political and Underground Lottery Social Dimension fe offe the poor in resulting economic problems for the people continuously

, pp. 2.1.7 The underground lottery revenues se Underground lottery organizations have evolved to an era of convergence. It has has It convergence. of era an to evolved have organizations lottery Underground et al. et

support one another. In addition, gambling is a form of entertainment. When However, it would be impossible to totally eradicate this business because it has etched etched has it because business this eradicate totally to impossible be would it However, itself into the fabric of Thai culture. One important finding from the study is the fact that underground lottery is a so hierarchy, thus it would be hard to disband it totally. Every party has benefits and lottery lottery plays a role in determining, abolishing Thus, country. the managing ministers become even might and laws passing long the in constitution the reforming to important equally be might lottery underground term. Hopefully, better education wou themselves themselves or family members are dealers. lottery underground that said be thus can It prospects. business future gain to investment is the foundation of wealth and power including influence in politics. Underground in the provinces. As a consequence, some of the MPs in parliament have been elected they that admitted even have MPs the of Some people. influential local or dealers the by base base in poverty, small dealers have grown exponentially. They have become a part of the way of li Wanthepsakul, 14) 2011, p. (Noppanun opportunity to boost their socio usually don’t get rich. It is the dealers, who get rich. There are also those, who profit from screening th society that has a high level of income discrepancy, with a large part of the population Internet, Internet, and computers. There is also the use of marketing techniques such as giving credit to gamblers, allowing them to place bets and pay later. It is becoming more like online gambling gamblers, gamblers, who are usually poor, to the rich and powerful dealers ( 2000 become innovative

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

ment of Search

177). 177).

day politics - - 176 Power Power

Local Level Local Level , pp. National Level Level National

(Sangsit Piriyarangsan, Piriyarangsan, (Sangsit et al. et

Support

, 2000 Support Support

e said that there is no way to eradicate placing eradicate to way no is there that said e

21 Lottery Lottery Business , p. Phasuk PongpaijitPhasuk People Money Network Underground Underground

- - - 003 2

Bribe s Kaewthep (1996) explained that placing bets on underground lottery lottery that placing on underground (1996) bets Kaewthep explained

Underground Lottery Cultural DimensionUnderground Lottery . hat cultural artifact would disappear. One of the social mechanism support support mechanism social the of One disappear. would artifact cultural hat

Relationship between Underground Underground Relationship Lottery Politics between and

4 . Sangsit Piriyarangsan

2.1.8 Kanchana present and lottery underground between study of relationship The

2 ition to supporting the bets, the role of mass media also has an impact in promoting inpromoting impact an has also media mass of role the bets, the supporting to ition Police Station Police Unit Regional Suppression Crime

Division Division Police - - - as reflected in the saying “For Thais today, the poor place bets on underground lottery, lottery, undergroundon bets place poor the today, Thais saying “For the in reflected as while the rich invest in stocks”. Cultural studies usually divide the develop add the culture of gambling, which started as a reaction to poverty to become a national character (it has been observed that gambling is in Thai blood regardless of status). fabric cultural the of part a it makes which habit, daily a become has bets placing Thus, last it has to be supported by a social mechanism. Without the support of the social t mechanism, lottery. underground on bets placing supporting in role a plays which media, mass the is In fact, it plays a role in the growth of (or at least maintenance) of this behavior. In is a form of cultural artifact that has been developed. However, for a cultural artifact to artifact cultural a for However, developed. been has that artifact cultural of form a is politicians. Some of even the dealers entered the local politics Others arena. send their politics international or local enter to grandchildren or children 2003, p. 219) Source: Source: revealed that many of the dealers are under the patronage of the local or even national Figure considering all of the arguments, it can b can it arguments, the of all considering totally ( lottery on underground bets

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

t 43 he images of

When When there is paid, the opiate helps to alleviate the

munity). In addition, the mass media plays the role of a a promotion of gambling and vices both directly and monitors the movements in society ad report it to the people.

Kaewthep (1996) explained that the ideal role of mass media includes includes media mass of role ideal the that explained (1996) Kaewthep Underground Lottery Dimension Media Mass Underground Lottery

l for almost 100 years). l for 100almost years). it entirely because the government earned a significant amount from the 2.1.9 Kanchana

ed to grow. The people involved sought to profit from it. Placing bets shifted from from bets shifted Placing it. from profit involved sought to people to grow. The ed indirectly. indirectly. Gambling does not come from the source of the pain. However, it comes is how to give a better problem of having The and life. dreams human desires the from become become an opiate for the people. problem. the solve not does opiate the source, a has suffering every However, suffering. second The worse. situation the making pain the leave only would opiate the Removing observation is the mass medi understanding. Also, the mass media has to play the role in creating harmony in society society in harmony creating in role the play to has media mass the Also, understanding. (like the abbot in the local com the entertainment. Despite having many ideal roles, in reality mass media does more than is required of it. There are two observable instances. Firstly, mass media has many aspects such as the duty to serve as a watch dog or surveillance. Mass has media surveillance. watch dog or a the as as such duty to serve many aspects to be like a guard, who Sometimes they play the role of the teacher because they have to promote was lega was popular popular culture. King Rama V realized the problem of gambling but abolish he could not funds personal his shifted who VI, Rama King of reign the during only was It business. (it 1916 in illegal became gambling such that bets, placing from earnings the replace to legal legal its popularity spread rapidly. In fact, it was too popular. From its humble start within the Chinese community with no regular schedule, the money start in circulation its entertainment focus to a become short cut to wealth. Huay Kor Koh became part of Thai Thai alphabet was used leading to the renditions had poems attached to the development pieces. With the government earning significan of “Huay Kor Koh”. Later revenue, the betting houses were opened in many places. Since “Huay Kor Koh” was culture culture in three stages. It starts with the folk culture leading to the eventually becoming mass culture. Although placing popularbets had its roots in China, it has culture gone through the process of Thainization. When it started the chips had t animals and Chinese characters. However, Thais could not Chinese,read therefore the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

44 information information from publications and

ees). About 15% interpret numbers from from numbers interpret 15% About ees). rs, interpretations, and personal decisions he accuracy of giving hints to the numbers numbers the to hints giving of accuracy he 15 and above (46.5 million people). It is found dreams dreams a reality. If someone pulls out the final

n addition, it is found that most of the gamblers researcher has developed the research problem,

etive etive nature. orderIn to get information about numbers, (2003) explained that placing bets on underground lottery lottery underground on bets placing that explained (2003)

Underground lottery is related to people in society through a network that is not is that network a through society in people to related is lottery Underground Sangsit Piriyarangsan Sangsit bets bets on underground lottery, the tool collection data the designed and terms, the defined respondents, target the selected in order to explore the understanding of identity gamblers. and communication network of trustworthy trustworthy because of its secr people depend on the mass media that promotes the cycle of lottery underground a part of Thai Based society. on the studies relevant about placing placing bets making images, images, and monks. The remaining 10% advertising get which range in price from 2 baht to 1,000 baht. television. and newspaper The final 5% if from supernatural supernatural sources include Buddha images, spirit houses, tr bodhi shrines, and (takien trees big and ancient hives, termite relics, banana heads, 2 with pig tails, 2 with lizard legs, 6 with cow as such occurrences strange bearing strange fruits, rocks that look like people, cave crystals shaped like Buddha have have primary school level education (82.6%), high school (73.8%), vocational school (69.7%), bachelor’s degree (64.1%), and others (40.5%). Communications gamblers use in finding information about the numbe comes from dreams most (25%) and followed by supernatural sources (20%). These people people or 51% of the population aged that 65.6% of the population in Bangkok place bets on underground lottery. In regional level in the the city district about 76.7% and outside of the districts about 84.8% place bets on underground lottery. I that win. 23.7 million as many as are There today. of gambling forms the most popular is one of hope hope and help the people make their straw that the drowning person is holding to, what would happen. lifesaver thrown in to Without help, mass media a behavior in promoting new gambling is a mistake t on regardless academics and people the for

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

s o w vs 45 “Me”

cited cited in , as 20). This is in line line in is This 20). positioning, which which positioning, - , p. ,

. 19). The self is flexible 2010 1931, as cited in Natapong , - century century has its origins in the 132)

- , p. th Jitnirat 2010

, previous section differs in details, yet have yet details, in differs section previous Jitnirat

Natapong y used in the 20 tity cited in cited

as as Natapong identity is the intersubjective negotiation of meaning of , (George (George Herbert Mead 1863

20). , p. cited in (Asawin Nedpogaeo, 2018, pp.(Asawin 131 Nedpogaeo, 2010

, as . The “Self” reflects the. The reflects on the “Self” potential human based nature societyand Jitnirat Fuengfoosakul, 2000 Fuengfoosakul, The definition and explanation in the in explanation and definition The Identity has its roots in the Latin word “Identitas”. The original term is “Idem”, “Idem”, is term original The “Identitas”. word Latin the in roots its has Identity Communications in the age of globalization could be examined using cultural Literature Literature Relevant to Iden

Apinya Apinya society. society. Therefore, based on the definition and explanation identity is related to the following issues: corroborating issues. Identity is related to self and subsequently self subsequently and self to related is Identity issues. corroborating others of understanding the to relevant positioning and self of meaning the as defined is in society and oneself. Thus, self and society. The definition of self depends on the negotiation between self and with the explanation of later identity concepts (Dorothy Natapong et. al., 1998 (Popenoe, (Popenoe, 1993 depending on the boundaries of interactions, which flows in accordance with factors such as social factors including gender, age, nationality, and society’s expectation ( through the lenses of communications and language. The self is influenced “Me” aspects. two by has process The influence. personal and social direct tw namely factors is constantly interacting with society while “I” is the idiosyncratic behavior. “I” and “Me” are constantly interacting. “I” has to connect with the various aspects of which which means same. The word identit Symbolic Interaction School 2010) Jitnirat, uncivilized. uncivilized. The decision would then be made regarding what is superior through the decision of value/meaning of the relationship such as white is black than powerful better/smarter/more Representation is Representation to related identity and the of creation otherness. The question is ho an individual’s identity is created. Representation through communications creates similarity of differences. It is the strategy of representation through the use of binary oppositions such as we vs them, white vs black, modern vs ancient, and civilized 2.2 culture. and communications through negotiation and power the explores which studies,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 46 in - (Apinya (Apinya “who “who are -

century, century, reiterated the

th (Kanchana (Kanchana Kaewthep et of the 19

the individual in Marxist view makes the individual makes view in Marxist and social self, which is the negotiation negotiation the is whichself, social and

position position in the production process ir identity in their respective class

. ations ations to determine the role of interaction among people in

tity about knowledge and understanding, “Who I?” understanding, tity knowledge about am and , p. 23)

itself. This points to the importance of human conscience in creating creating in conscience human of importance the to points This itself. -

Identity is about idiosyncratic about is Identity Identity Identity is the process of meaning creation for self, which can be Identity is about categorization in society and social selection for Identity is about the social life of humans. is It about the presentation Iden Identity about the definition of “Who am I?” with consideration of . for

- ity, and religion, which defines the individual 6) 3) 4) 5) 1) 2) has variety.

The The creation of identity is like a production process for products/objects/ Karl Karl Marx, classical social theorist at the end When identity is based on the definition of self and social interaction, language interaction, social andself of definition the onbased is identity When E. Goffman, symbolic interaction theorist, proposed that there is a distinctive definition. - everything. Thus, it can be said that capital is used and it would eventually return to the the to return eventually would it and used is capital that said be can it Thus, everything. a a political stand the to change social structure. Marxism proposes the of view class class and itself meaning when the individual realizes the 2003 Fuengfoosakul, of the individual is based on their relative the owners of the production “management of factors?”, labor”. Thus, it can be said “who that class determines individual identity are the direct the person However, to connecting the structure. producers?”, and importance importance of tradition. Importance is given to the structure more than the individual. Understanding process. production the in based is Marx by defined structure social The difference in personal identity. This is based on social status such as occupation, status, status, occupation, as such status social on based is This identity. personal in difference gender, ethnic 2012, p. 46) al., is thus an important component of identity. This is because language is the tool interaction and ofcommunic society. of social interaction. of social of self adapted and and adapted group. positioning within a social similarity and differences between self and others self others and between similarity differences and

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

47 art art cited cited ower. , as

Hecht Hecht et al, with

ritual. ritual. People of other

50). , p. ntity (CTI). The theory explained explained theory The (CTI). ntity

e e time. This is because the creation ained by CTI, presents identity as the the identityas presents CTI, by ained re bound together to the environment 50) concludes the relationship between , p. we also communicate about “who they are”. Then

The The frame/layer is based on the performance or Kaewthep et et 2012 Kaewthep al., The frame/layer is based on the self that is explained - - w themselves as Thai with a Mon heart. Thai as Mon heart. with a w themselves Kanchana identity in a simple way. Humans exchange and pass along Personal Personal Frame Enacted Frame

Kaewthep et al., 2012 1) 2) Communications and creation of identity explained by De Fina (2011 Kanchana Kanchana For For instance, the way the Mon wore the sabia as part of their might races also join Another them. example is signage the on the buses with reserved “who we are”. This is in the line with the identity research about the Mon people, which which people, Mon the about research identity the with line the in is This are”. we “who some groups that vie indicated markers. identity through others define we how with starts It identity. the of expression identity. This diverse and shifting identity as expl as identity shifting and diverse This identity. types. in four be classified which could frame/layer, by the Symbolic Interaction Theory. Identity/methodology/conclusions that explain the fact that humans are social beings that a through communications. Humans interact with the shifting multiple as known time, the community all changed be can and diverse is therefore all identity the time. The communications communications with identity during the 1980 was explained by M. Ide of Theory Communication the of development the individual the of perspective the from merely studied be not should self and identity that separate from the environment. However, the consideration of the identity is based on we we can decide if communications we with identity was explained by De Fina. Communications is the were tool the same to construct, ormaintain, and negotiate identity all th different. The relationship of identity could be diverse, “both us and them”. between The continuous relationship between communications communications and information to create knowledge and understanding. Humans communicate with humans As thebirth. and age, gender, ethnicity, includes This are”. we “who explain to goal communicate about “who we are”, of the cultural capital( cultural of the in base base of political economics or capital ownership, However, which classical is political economics the considers source capital as of object/product p (such as land, machinery, equipment, and raw materials). The new communications paradigm has expanded the definition of capital. P. Bourdieu explained that social capital is p

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

ommunication ommunication ang ang Kradi, and c nces identity in the view of the of view the in identity nces

. 47 Identity within in this frame is defined as the -

, p. e, the identity might be based on roles such as parents as such roles on based be might identity the e, Identity imbuedIdentity in the relationship with others (some - 011

Kaewthep, onship with others (some groups).onship (some with others Communal Frame Relation Relation Frame

4) 3) Four of Four Frames Identity

5 . Kanchana Kanchana ered ered is does the know person their own identity, how it andis enacted, viewed The 4 frames of identity were explained by CTI. The interesting question is how is question interesting The CTI. by explained were identity of frames 4 The 2 communally by others. The four frames do not always agree; thus, do not identity negotiation frames The agree; by others. four communally always is an important process of identity management. The CTI theorists studied the the owner of the identity would manage the four frames (identity management). The to needs that question The CTI. of core the on based is management identity of concept be answ Figure Figure Source: be be classified into smaller groups such as those from Phra Pradaeng, B frames following figure. with the The be explained four could Pakkred. with students whereas the elderly would relate to the youth. Thus, the identity is created created is identity the Thus, youth. the to relate would elderly the whereas students with through the relati collective identity with others in the same group. For instance, the Mon people could people) people) is based on the awareness of identity. Within this frame identity was created instanc For relationships. through related is teacher of identity The people). other (some children their to related be would seats for children, monks, and the elderly. Therefore, in the view of CTI CTI of view the in Therefore, elderly. the and monks, children, for seats influe It cause. the not is communication The identity. is Theory. Symbolic Interaction

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

a he he 49

oice oice of

. 54) class gamblers - -

pp. 50

vidual would have a relationship An individual would have - 23) explained the communications - 21

An indi - , pp. (Kanchana Kaewthep,(Kanchana 2011, class class gamblers and their creation of identity in order (1999 - Kananukul Interlocking Interlocking personal network Radical Radical personal network

pects of their culture of their culture pects when the Mon are among themselves, they did not have to dress in their 2) 1)

between between insiders in a group. The strength in the enactment might not be

class class gamblers, which included dealers, sellers, and gamblers. Some of the Chawanuan Chawanuan This study aims to examine the identity and communications network of t Placing Placing bets on the underground lottery examined a variety of gamblers. The - Literature Related to Communications Network

figures. figures. relationship relationship with many people. There is a strong tie through communications people with who are their close friends following the using explained be can or network communications two The characteristics. relationships. These people have common with many people. However, members in the group did not have much communication. communication. much have not did group the in members However, people. many with for tie only acquaintances. weak they are a instance, in the group people have The network network as the means for information dissemination through the relationship among group members. There are two types of dissemination as explained in the following section. middle sellers are also gamblers. The respondents were selected from those who have no less in in the business. or engaging gambling experience than 5 years such as social media media social and as application. such online 2.3 researcher researcher focused on the middle to pass along the gambling culture in this communications channel and digital network reflects era. the taste of In the middle addition, the ch traditional traditional costume. However, when there are tourists, traditional they costume to clearly show their identity. They would would feel the need to project dress in their the positive as relationship relationship too obvious. There are both positive/negative identity that can be expressed freely. However, in the presence of others, the strength of the enactment has to be stronger. For instance,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

er such as belief, values, education, social social education, values, belief, as such er

familiarity of the interactions of the familiarity

Intensity of the of the feeling and Intensity partner trust with and the communication Familiarity given to communication partner Assistance Strong ties ties Weak Absent interactions of number Total

2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 1) Interlocking Network Interlocking Personal Radical Personal Network

each each of the communications, the relationship is based on the knowledge of

7 6 . . In In The communications network between individuals has three characteristics. individuals three network has between communications The relationship of the following: strength on the The depends 2 2 effectiveness. effectiveness. Communications would has similar characteristics. partner communication be effective and smooth when the the characteristics of the communication partn communication the of characteristics the status, and preferences. This would define who would transfer the information and its Figure Figure Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

51 explained explained

33) -

ommunications wherein a person

ble.

rs in the group or the other outlying members because of the lack in communications freedom. The The freedom. communications in lack the of because

thus, it is more successful. The information is passed

Y network is the communications network, where two members Chain Chain network is the communications wherein members

(2) Centralized Centralized communication is the c (1) (as (as cited in Jarunee Patcharapimansakun, 1999, pp. 30

itt Chain NetworkChain Communications

8 . 2 Leav Figure Figure

have have lower satisfaction. This type of communications would happen work, the of success the responsiblefor are They task. the for responsible are members when 1 or 2 not members are responsi remaining while the suitable than the chain network, from various directions not just those who are next to them. In general, the one or two people in the center are communications. The rest of the membe the only ones, who are satisfied with this type of in the center of the communications coordinate and pass information received from other members, who were surrounding them. This type of communications is more

is quite low. communicate communicate only those, who were next to them. This is due to the limitation of the group the for difficult is This members. group between communication and cooperation task their complete successfully to group the satisfaction in the group,thus the in individuals 2 1 or contact only members is in the center of the communications the central through person. passed each All communications with other. communicate by other members, who do not directly that communications could be classified into two types, which are centralized communications. decentralized and

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

Wheel Wheel network is the communications network wherein one of success of the task. of the task. success

(3)

Wheel NetworkWheel Communications

Y Network CommunicationsY Network

10 9 . . 2 2 Figure Figure of the groupof the is the one with person the power. This is the group he/she leader, because the for is responsible Figure Figure center the in person The members. other to news disseminates group the in members the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

53 . everyone everyone

n the communications among members. Thus, this is is no one who would take responsibility because they were all All channel network is the communications network. The Circle Circle network is the communications network where members

) ) 2 1 ( ( Decentralized communication is the communications where members where communication is the communications Decentralized

2) Circle Network Communications

11 . 2

is because there is no limitation i communication interactive network. and the most effective members communicate directly with one another. The communication does not need to to need not does communication The another. one with directly communicate members pass other members. They receive and disseminate information most effectively. This Figure Figure status of the people, who are considered equals. However, there is a problem about responsibility. There the is no one, of center group. who is the Thus, there equal. cares about the people and environment. It serves to encourage the group members the group serves to encourage people the andabout environment. cares It in the group contact those, who are next to them on both sides. This depends on the could could communicate freely. There is no one person making the decision but takes part in the problem solution. Everyone interacts with one another. This impacts the production and the work process in the group, which means the communications

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

Information Information Seeking 2) h information overload. ng the communications. class gamblers group identity. group gamblers class -

n, thus the order of the sender and Traditional Model 1) class. The resulting behavior is based on their tastes, tastes, their on based is behavior resulting The class. - All Channel Network Communications Network All Channel

12 . middle the from are them Information Information seeking initiated by receivers show that in the analysis of the

The The gamblers form groups using communications network to show their taste

2 . Based Based on the Uses and Gratification Theory explained the use of media. Literature Related to Information Search

of information. There is more news content created than can be consumed from every source and type. In this situation, the receiver is faced wit communications communications model, the source is not However, it appears that always the receiver is the initiator of the communications in initiati this era Information Acquisition is considered the action of an active audience. This is because because This is audience. of active an action the considered Acquisitionis Information those who are involved with information acquisitio receiver can be presented as follows: Model 2.4 self and group identity. Thus, the gamblers form social groups having their own culture. own their having groups social form gamblers the Thus, identity. group and self of Most culture, and lifestyle members have in common. This results in the behavioral pattern of middle creation the considered is it thus group, the of Figure Figure and lifestyle. The members in the group communicate with one another to create their

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

55 cited cited

, as , to find a friend’s friend’s a find to

rocess has multiple steps. steps. multiple has rocess in seeking out information

ted in Kanchana Kaewthep,

n be made about this group as Use the least effortUse (1973, (1973, as ci Has the result closest to expected outcome to outcome expected closest the result Has

313) states that the media user must expend required

n. , p. ironmental ironmental factors such as in response to accidences or From From the first point Atkin (1973 Schramm by explained as strategy seeking Information News News is important in ensuring the smooth daily life in accordance to

, explained that individuals, who are open to various news sources and Kaewthep, 2002 Strategy Seeking = Information 2) 3) 1) respective environment. respective

The researcher used Information Seeking Theory to explain how gamblers ght out information about winning numbers from mass media and dealers. In Kanchana Kanchana sou news and information relevant out seek to technology use they how explains it addition, person person should use the second option, which is much simpler and effective. Yet this decision depends on the skill and ability of the individual numbers). 13 to get phone can call (must know that one walk out of the house to borrow the directory from a neighbor. After doing so the person person the so doing After neighbor. a from directory the borrow to house the of out walk p this that saidbe can It number. the find to time spend to has However, the person has the to choice call 13 to ask for the phone number. Ideally the in wants individual an if instance, For reward. of expectation the in effort to have would person This home. at directory phone a have not does but number phone 2002, p. 313) information use to how (know information of amounts large processing in skill the have types and informationsearch from various tend sources), to in be more literate dealing with their need need to change workplaces need to use and search for information more than usual. This is based on the capability of news in reducing uncertainty in assisting the news situatio the to control receiver the desired lifestyle. As a result, individuals who are in unstable situations or need to change in accordance to env Therefore, Therefore, it is not easy to seek information that serves the needs of individuals easily information. seeking in skills develop to need age new this in receivers The quickly. and Thus, there are many interesting conclusions that ca following in the explained section.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

was 574). 574).

olic power olic status of the of status , p. tion. The present day (Mattakan (Mattakan Boonruang, iman, 2017 iman, v Hin by their status. At the same time this & Somsuk formed formed the economic structure that gave

e e is the foundation of capital, which is

Kaewthep Kaewthep Kanchana Kanchana

. s gamblers. s gamblers. clas The The core of the concept of taste explained by Bourdieu regarding status At first Bourdieu explained taste in the same way as other academics. Taste the studied He society. French in survey a conducting by taste studied Bourdieu - Literature Related to Taste 4, p. 30)

of living that they cannot hope to achieve. The knowledge the rich and the poor have is is have poor the and rich the knowledge The achieve. to hope cannot they that living of symb is result The power. symbolic create to mechanisms social of result the used used to maintain the culture of differences between the classes. The rich would look down on the poor owned objects as the of terms in limitation those the from results have who they taste The overlooked. live through life with no taste. They by the poor. On are the contrary, the poor admired the lifestyle of the rich. It is a standard often society society is characterized as a consumer society driven by tastes in ( the objects consumption of selection for the creation, production, and consumption of objects in order to reflect the reflect to order in objects of consumption and production, creation, the individual. Bourdieu believed that taste played the role in driving individuals to want used Social roles as tastes. are refined in more higher results which a status, to achieve tools to control the competition in terms of family and consump from from others, we are also being distinguished apart from others 201 the individuals is from developedrelationship through objects. between resulted and It situation serves thesituation serves as capital and the cultural space thefor respective status. Thus, the consumption is critical in the determination of taste. In between the process each of of distinction the status groups, idiosyncratic to the tast individual. While, we as individuals seek to distinguish ourselves rise rise to taste preferences. Each status was distinctive in their consumption. The higher the status, the individual would consume superior products that had more refinement within the conditions of their daily defined preferences people had for food,preferences music, sports, apparel, leisure. Heand concluded that status was defined by the cultural norms that in order to interpret the numbers, which is part of the middle decision making process of 2.5

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- - 57 30 374 pp. , pp.

2014 sumer society, individual. He , eums, eums, while some iman, iman, 2017 v ith lower status of class Boonruang Hin

Mattakan Mattakan & Somsuk iman, 2017 iman, v Hin Kaewthep Kaewthep and Somsukand Kanchana Kanchana ( Kaewthep Kaewthep Relationship between Income and Relationship and Taste Income between

13 . Kanchana Kanchana

The The core of Bourdieu’s two types of taste is used to maintain the cultural Bourdieu explained that individuals come to hold various tastes based from the based tastes various to hold that individualscome explained Bourdieu Taste Taste is not a natural issue and it is not dependent on the individual. Bourdieu 2

admire the lifestyle of those in the middle or high class. They use this as a standard way standard a as this use They class. high or middle the in those of lifestyle the admire of life that they cannot attain. On the contrary, the middle class or the rich view those Source: difference between those of different status. The people w Figure Figure bias of habits that are lifestyle explained as that are following figure. habits in the choices bias of while some like indie movies. These tastes and aesthetic preferences all have origins their and development 575). concluded concluded that it is the result of society faculty mechanisms (conscious level). It jeans, wearing prefer would some as is such (unconscious) life of way the with combined others want to wear traditional Thai clothing, some like to visit mus like to listen to classical or jazz music. There are those who want to watch television 31). denied the general belief that taste and aesthetics was born with the from from the taste of the affluent, which is surrounded by the myth that they came to have wealthy These the rich. of talent merit, knowledge, and past to their due privilege such people were free from the needs.economic However, in the present con taste is defined as the selection for consumption (

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

58 74)

, p. Kanchana Kanchana e production cited cited century. century. However, as as

iman, iman, 2017 th v century, century, capitalism has

Hin th

& Somsuk te. They often forget that taste results

550), 550), explained that the main problem in class class based on their income and occupation. - , p.

Kaewthep Kaewthep ys through consumption of goods and services in

century century capitalism solved the problems regarding

ty of consumption behavior is an important tool for tool important an is behavior consumption of ty

th 33). ion. This is because in the 20 , p. ration ration about the education, residence, lifestyle, reputation, iman, iman, 2017 Kanchana Kanchana v The The latter critical theories of Bourdieu (

Hin class gamblers. gamblers. class - , 2014 cited cited in as as & Somsuk Boonruang In In the latter half of the 20 This study categorizes the middle Marx ( The The researcher used this concept about taste as the criteria in selecting the dents and analysis of the gamblers’ identity. It is an activity that the middle class class middle the that activity an is It identity. gamblers’ the of analysis and dents Literature Related to Middle Class

Mattakan Mattakan differentiation between the classes. the between classes. differentiation the problem is in the consumpt created a surplus far beyond demand. Thus, the challenge is to consume products all of quickly. the Thus, the criteria proposed by Bourdieu shifted to varie the of maintenance Therefore, consumption. problem problem of consumption. Kaewthep capitalism is not in the production process as evidenced in the 19 as as critical in the economic cycle. Thus, Marx posited that the owner of th the the owner of economic capital. would be resources the production process resulting in a surplus. The main problem in capitalism is the and identity of middleand resources. production the of ownership the in reflected was class or status that explained the production process who by Marx, emphasized used is the most criteria important It In In addition, there is conside network communicationsthe creating in roleimportant an media Mass has family. and respon time. leisure do in their 2.6 their their lifestyle. This is expressed in various periods in particular during leisure time ( in the lower classes as having a life without tas differentiate to criteria the as used is taste Thus, poverty. in those of limitation the from between social classes. Those in the high status by birth express their tastes and in a variety of wa economic status can

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

lass C

classified classified class

14)

- . efinition of efinition of D 550

, p.

Consumption with the new rich. Both groups Bourdieu’s Bourdieu’s iman, 2017 iman, v Classes Classes had wealth and were categorized

- Classes Classes were divided based on wealth or Hin - conomic conomic and cultural/symbolic capital. Some (have artists. family/education) or (have aisingkanont, 2001, pp. 13 aisingkanont,

lass ned in the following in the ned section. C and Somsukand Somruk Ch

efinition of efinition of Kaewthep Kaewthep Horizontal Horizontal categorization Vertical Vertical categorization D (as cited in cited (as

2) 1) Production Definition of Class from Marx and Bourdieu and Definition Marx Class from of

Marxist Marxist 14 . Kanchana Kanchana

Bourdieu Bourdieu The The two horizontal groups would try to accumulate or expand the capital that The The definition of classes based on Bourdieu is reliant on 2 criteria, which are 2 he following section. following section. he individuals. In addition, other factors are economic opportunities (income, age) that class social as explai determine Mass Mass media play an important role in the exchange, business. collection, and expansion of in industrial societies based on father’s occupation, education, and social capital of they lack. For instance, the new rich need to improve their lifestyle tastes. The families/artists try to old marry or have economic ventures have capitals that the other lack. Thus, the exchange/collect/expand different capital. of the wealthy had either one type of capital. For instance, the economic players, the new rich, might have financial resources but did not have cultural/symbolic capital. might be the group old families Another poverty, who did not have economic and cultural cultural did notcapital. who haveand economic poverty, in 2 groups. Some of the wealthy have e ownership ownership of economic capital and ownership of cultural/symbolic capital. Bourdieu explained as ways many in classes categorize can criteria two these using that explained in t Source:

Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 60

Warawit Warawit ary system” ( ed into smaller groups smaller into ed e e luxury, convenience, alism alism in different forms ife ife based on objectification cumulate cumulate cultural and economic the classes, which aim to create a

ll as problems experienced by the middle

and and teachers. This group are a mix. Some have 24). He is a modern theorist and social scientist, - 23 class explains the status and power from Weber’s view view Weber’s from power and status the explains class - , pp.

. ) , 2014 133 class class are those, who could exhibit radic - Petty Bourgeoisie are the artisans, owners of small businesses, Labor are the unskilled workers in agriculture, supervisors, and Bourgeois Bourgeois are the intellectuals, businessmen, and freelancers. This , p.

2) 3) 1) , 1993 Boonruang Theory about the middle the about Theory “The “The middle Bourdieu posited that people in each class could be divid be could class each in people that posited Bourdieu Mattakan Mattakan class as concluded in the concluded in the as class following section. Charoenlert ( who conducted stratification research as we and methods. This might include joining groups or organizations. It is reflected in their their in reflected is It organizations. or groups joining include might This methods. and aspirations and interests. Some of the democracy, people as a means to stop the conflict under the parliament might be liberals, who demanded social social world. This is one type of struggle between standard for righteousness, through social and cultural organizations out art and in education, gave awards. media, that symbolic violence reproduction. It results in including categorization of other objects, behavior, and the perception of taste. This would impact the lifestyle of the individual, who ac capital. It depends on the status and position in the individual’s class. Thus, the most important point made by Bourdieu is the struggle to attach meaning to objects and the jewelry, jewelry, and joining social events. Each group has their own collective history; thus, define to struggle a is There powers. spiritual and temporal the over conflict in are they righteousness in objects and behavior. It is a way of habitus. to produce other structure with social structures control objects combined The l that have conflicting values. For instance, the bourgeois have the position of power. They are the intellectuals, who prefer independence, not wanting luxury. They like to visit museums, while the businessmen and freelancers, who lik

the dominance while some are dominated. dominated. some while are the dominance dominated. group This workers. are factory group is dominant in the economy and culture. and culture. is dominant ingroup the economy middle level employees, staff,technical

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

61 s a collar - class are are class class class are - - nonmanual nonmanual - class created their created class - class. This is determined determined is This class. -

is the struggle for culture and politics.). The

could be expected that the that middle be expected could l ideology. At the very least they would like to see belong to different classes. They have different awareness awareness different have They classes. different to belong

class class include people with different occupations. There i class class defined in the Weberian class analysis is defined as - -

Market Market situation is defined as the source of income, job Work situation is defined as the relationship in social systems,

Middle (1) (2) society modernthe capitalist that explained analystsclass Weberian The labor class are manual and nonmanual. These individuals do not not do individuals These nonmanual. and manual are class labor The Middle

istinction between the classes is based on the manual

4) 3) 2) 1) This is particularly true in the modern capitalist society. The middle The society. capitalist modern in the true This is particularly

In this present situation, it In objective objective is to have people in other classes in society aware and accept the benefit of the of that with benefits of consolidationthe as defined is whichclass, social own their thus this defines their politica adjustments in the way of thinking or agreement about the distribution of benefits in society (The struggle between different thoughts does not always mean the fight over economic resources. Sometimes it always aware of their difference from of difference the labor class. aware their always own conditions and processes to initiate changes in society in accordance with ideology the of their class. They want their ideology to be accepted by others in society, tendency tendency to have a variety of characteristics. One group would have a higher social economic status, while another had a lower status. This group of middle by 3 conditions, which are distinctly different and do not mix. Each class has their own their has class Each mix. not do and different distinctly are which conditions, 3 by lifestyle. ability. capitalism educated, have the technical and knowledgeable, this Without class, not survive. could job description, and work and position.job description, middle and labor, owners, capital are which groups, three has resulting resulting from many different factors. Based on the Weberian class analysis there are of groups factors. three opportunity and status. their security, to improve have have production factors and might have equal income. Both groups have awareness of groups both Thus, world. the those, who are in the middle of the social structure. They employees. are The usually d white criteria.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

he he 62 t the ion ion ers, ers,

ity in Nutalai, Nutalai, studied at

. class grew from from grew class - Passanai class. class. They captured the attention class was mass media. It was - - (Kasian Tejapira, 1994) (Kasian Tejapira,

explained that the Thai middle Thai the that explained

conducted conducted the study, “Football Results Predict 75)

- prosperity, success, and victory of their social class also

class during that time. They were critical in pushing for the changes in changes the for pushing in critical were They time. that during class - Research about Research Gambling

ne’s class social the nation that of and 22). 2.7.1 Thitinan Wathanasin (2001) The The main social mechanism for the middle Plung Phupha (2014, pp. 74 pp. (2014, Phupha Plung

, p. Relevant Research censorship in determining content. Mass media also maintains its flexibil 7 flicting classes had their own ideology held to maintain their own benefits. The -

rious groups to express their views to society. The Gramzie became an influential in Daily Newspapers and Gambler Behavior”. The research found that demographics 2.7 con newspaper became the social mechanism that coordinated, reflected, and responded to the desired benefits for the various social groups in different ways ( 199 va group with strong ideology representing the middle of people leading to changes in economic, social, politics, and culture. Each of the self changing its role to fit the thoughts and desires for the various groups. At that time, it meant differences in class/occupation/ideology. newspaper was Mass known as the media mouthpiece of in the people, opening particular opportunities for 1931. mechanism for change or fight for ideology. However, mass media has its limitations business, and by the government, since it controlled is indirectly of speech, in freedom accountants, accountants, and these people started their own business. In 1929 there were about 20,159 merchants, 12,738 coal sellers, 7,053 wild goods sellers, 3,709 rice mill 1,651 tax consumer products collectors, 786 sellers, and 457,601 people agents. These middle the were the change in governmentthe change in 1927. This starting power group administrative Assumption and Bangkok Christian. They worked as clerks, journalists, merchants, nation’s nation’s interest. Thus, the class social own their for prosperity only not is It society. in groups other to transferred getting over the corporate interests. It is critical to create unity by aligning the benefit o between

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

63 The

study study ve ve the

control, and - 50 years. Those Those years. 50 - off off does not ser

- 50 years tended to gamble ors have an impact on the -

t 1) most of the respondents accept at those who liked to bet on numbers the most most the numbers on bet to liked who those at off off readers usage of content for gambling did - conducted conducted the study “Factors Related to Gambling

cation cation resulted in less gambling behavior. It is found

cation, and income. It is found that males gambled more than more gambled males that found is It income. and cation, i (2006) ts’ role model (parents gambling), source of self Siripong (2007) studied the acceptance of legal gambling behavior behavior gambling legal of acceptance the studied (2007) Siripong

Leeratanakorn (2004) studied the behavior of Thai gamblers. The

Mingmontri Pattaraporn Pattaraporn Jamsa Nisachon policy, policy, and presentation of news from media. These fact gambling. of legal acceptance of police training program. The study revealed tha gambling; has including gambling 2) demographics the acceptance of legal experience legal gambling; and 3) environmental factors such as age of gamblers, government Behavior Behavior in Teenagers in Bangkok”. The study identified 5 independent various from 8 that have a relationship with gambling were behavior. These factors results of study, friend role model, paren the behavior predicted 69%. at of discretion. These factors lack who were likely to gamble in casinos or gambling dens were male with high income, single. and less education, that those who were married tended to gamble more than widowed, divorced, those or separated. who Those aged between were 23 single, th showed study the addition, In most. the 36 between aged married, education, less income, high with those were marital status, level of edu of level status, marital income. lower with those than more gambled income, higher have who Those, women. those than more spend would income lower with those proportion of terms in However, with higher income. Higher edu not appear to have any relationship. This might mean that Kick newspapers studied. of readers like the three other needs factors that statistically (significant) affected the decision to gamble such as gender, their their bets. Some used the content as information for enjoying the match. The found that the three newspapers offered different benefits to the readers, who chose content to serve their own needs. Kick (gender) had benefit from reading in relationship reading, the content, had witha objective (gender) 0.05. of level significance the at newspapers various from column the selecting and column in Sport Pool has a relationship with benefit from reading. The readers talked make to deciding in information the used also They friends. their with content the about

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

64 1) reflecting reflecting 1)

making Process Process making -

stimulation awareness of -

depth information. information. depth - ults. Today the presentation includes all sort he he people and business benefits. Also, news conducted conducted the study, “Presentation of News conducted the study, “Decision study, the conducted

rring football gambling behavior among most of most among behavior gambling football rring

ness, showing care, love, and support, showing supporters; 3) direct influence; and 4) influence from from influence 4) and influence; direct 3) supporters; behavior behavior in three ways, which are seeking more making process in gambling consists of 4 stages. The - n d resulting financial problems, effect on life, religious

Varidhi Onoparatvibool (2006) Onoparatvibool Varidhi Achira Achira Smuthkochorn (2007)

had an impact on stopping gambling behavior. The content tended to present the direct to present direct the tended content The behavior. gambling on stopping impact an had experience of others, create aware gambling, of football and point out the risk anger. sorrow, various conditions. Movies influenced gamblers in gamblers influenced conditions. Movies two ways various information provides newspapers particular in media Mass reality. the of reflection and dissuading football gambling that content and conditions, on depending influence effect, direct behavior, information the respondents. However, parents did have impact on some of the respondents. Mass ways 4 in behavior gambling football the reducing in impact an had media 2) gambling; football of reality the factors, factors, which are losing an beliefs, problems in study and enforcement, and no convenient work, channel to gamble. The third finding is seeingthat personal bad experience dete on impact from an have not does media others, law and Impact of Personal and Mass Media on Gambling Behavior. The results of the study the of results The Behavior. Gambling on Media Mass and Personal of Impact and indicate that there is a decisio first stage is awareness of problem leading to change. The second is awareness, third behavioral guideline, and finally, action. The next finding is the identification of 7 about about football gambling is presented in various activities in a joking way in particular during major matches. Most of the information tended to be a means to reduce rather in than providing behavior gambling the of details. The information could be used for gambling promoting such behavior. In of more there addition, are sources information that could be accessed through various mass media, which served the needs of t Content about Football Gambling in the European League of University Students”. The The Students”. University of League European the in Gambling Football about Content the past the In changed. have media Thai in football about news that indicated findings news reports only included the match res

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

65 t is sult, personal - , writers, collar. collar. Finally, the - gamblers. Gamblers with lower with Gamblers gamblers.

avior avior had four levels e objective of the study was to identify identify to was study the of objective e The dealers were able to “clear” their

41) explained that knowledge about , p. 9) conducted the study, “Gambling Behavior and (2014

(199 (2003) conducted the study, “Factors Contributing to Kananukul Kananukul Treerat Treerat et al. Research about Lottery Research Underground Meeboon

Nuannoi Chawanuan Chawanuan 2.7.2 Tara problems problems smoothly. Thus, the people could place bets on without the any fear of being underground arrested because they trusted lottery the backing the major dealers underground lottery in the view of women, who knew full well that it was illegal. They They illegal. was it that well full knew who women, of view the in lottery underground had to bets place in secret. Also, they knew that major the dealers were investors, who had a relationship with government officials. underground underground lottery is a profitable business for sustainability of the the underground proprietors. lottery business In depended on addition, assistance the from the police. This led to the prosperity of the underground lottery business even though i illegal. stringers, stringers, and dealers. They related are in a secretive way. Thus, the communication is restricted only to members in the underground lottery because group. it had a high The reward. They loved the gamblers thrill. As a prefer re placing bets on individual. Gamblers information searching communication, beh interpersonal communications, group communications, and media. Factors that mass impacted the gambling behavior included group of gamblers and mass media. Gamblers explained that their network included gamblers more gambling news, tended to gamble more. tended more. news, to gamble gambling more Communications of Network Underground Lottery Gamblers”. The findings indicated that the information seeking behavior for gambling depended on the beliefs of each who had lower income, gambled more than those with higher income. The laborers tended to place bets more often than those who were gamblers, who not had gambling friends, blue tended to gamble more than those who did not to exposed arewho gamblers, is supportno was hypothesisthat The friends. such have supported. supported. Female gamblers tended to place underground lottery bets than men. Older younger than often more bets place to tended gamblers than often those more tended place bets to education. with higher education Gamblers, Underground Lottery Gambling in Bangkok”. Th Bangkok”. in Gambling Lottery Underground factors affecting gambling behavior in Bangkok. The research hypotheses were

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 66

titled, “Virtual Identity and

43). many sellers just in case they do do they in case just sellers many

op fans were just crazy about idols. idols. about crazy just were fans op , p. P - Pop culture for their cover dance. It is - 2014 ,

conducted that study about communications in in communications about study that conducted

conducted the study

Treerat et al. Treerat is no fixed format or rules in the creation of resulting

the subculture of cover dancers. The research findings could be Nuannoi

within the game. The use of virtual identity in online games create the creation of groups and small communities. Thus, it is the s because the players could choose their conversation partners and

ture. They chose to use the K Research aboutResearch Identity

op cul P - r dances. The first one is the same as the original version. The second is a Ditthapong Prasertpitoon (2015) Prasertpitoon Ditthapong 2.7.3 Thanyakorn Boonmee (2018) aditional and modified as well as with the pop dance and traditional dance groups. dance traditional and dance pop the with as well as modified and aditional The cover dancers attempt to communicate with other cultural groups. They want their want Theygroups. cultural other with communicate to dancers attempt cover The style to be accepted widely in line with cultural communication. During the cultural of cove modification of the dance. The cover dancers choose the type of dances depending on their goal. There is also a conflict of identity within the subculture between those who tr did traditional traditional and modified. The dancerscover would theircreate own identity from their like of K K that viewed who those against rebel to way their type two are There identity. new their create to preference their used dancers cover The creation creation of identity in dancers cover of subculture the among creation identity The issues. two in categorized determine determine the relationship between them. This includes the development or ending of the conversation in the online game. Finally, relationships on the gaming online social media resulted in friendship. for foundation creation creation of identity through communicate They network. social gamers’ the on others with relationship the the system within the game. The identity relationship. This is i the attractive feature that starts the in the creation of virtual identity, which is similar to their identity in real diversity life. The means that there characters and identity. Secondly, some of the gamers might create a virtual identity that is different or similar to the real self. This is because there are limitations in the Relationships on Social Media Networks”. First, it is found that there are diverse ways ways diverse are First, Networks”. itfound that there Media is Relationships on Social had. Gamblers would hedge their risk by buying from buying by risk their hedge would Gamblers had. not get the prize money from certain dealers. This means of hedging the risk is also ( by many sellers used

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 67 class class Drinking Beer -

dy titled, “Communications class in newspapers. The ideology ideology The newspapers. in class etwork etwork -

d vintage retro style, international and and international style, retro vintage d esearcher categorized the explanation of Class potential potential to use various communications to onsumption communications of the middle the of communications onsumption -

class class beer drinkers was the result of logic of - g the middle the g conducted conducted the stu

14) conducted the study titled, “Communications (20

Boonruang Nutalai (1997) conducted the study, “Political Communications in the in the Communications “Political study, the conducted (1997) Nutalai class class is varied and comprised of joint benefits in society, joint benefits Research aboutResearch Communications N Research about the Middle aboutResearch the -

Class Culture”. This group has the class class in the midst of the conflict of ideology in society. The objective is to 2.7.5 Sunee Vaewmanee (1999) Mattakan Mattakan 2.7.4 Passanai - ed ed on the changes in the world. This would lead to different interpretations of - , cultures deemed as equals need to consider, which better served humanity. Culture Culture humanity. served better which consider, to need equals as deemed cultures , Network Network of Media Dissemination and Presentation Sexual in Bangkok”. The research meaning meaning development of taste, which led to distinction of other consumer groups in society. Thai class class beer drinkers in Thai society. These three parts are critical in determining the characteristics of the taste. The beer consumers have 3 an modern nature, different and city between consumption and rather vague Thai, and personal and public. This created the identity and social relationships in taste. taste. The consumption culture of middle symbolic exchange value to create social relationships. The background of the beer c the reflected Road Arthit Phra on drinkers Taste Taste in the Consumption of Beer is beer consumingin in tastethe that indicated study The Road”. Arthit Phra on Behavior Thai Society: Middle the result of cultural communications. The r explore political communications amon communications political explore of the middle only for a group, benefits for an occupation, and connection among those of the same occupation. Middle their spread ideology for their benefit effectively. However, there are doubts about the middle culture from the past. the from culture era and arts became the battle field in creating new meanings and interpretations of the people. The paradigm of viewing a variety of cultures depend in the traditional and new

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

68 old through sellers, ia are distributed by aphan Kwai, Pradipat, and and Pradipat, Kwai, aphan . This is because the media the because is This . light district such as Silom, Klongthom, S Klongthom, Silom, as such district light - man. There are many channels to sell these media such as direct sales sales direct as such media these sell to channels many are There man. -

Samrong. Samrong. in the black market or illegally in the shop. It subscription could in the mail, also through newspapers, and be on the Internet. s Media with sexual are which areas, certain in concentrations large with Bangkok, over all sold are content red the considered content content could be sold openly in the retail companies stores. to the These consumers. The med media with explicit sexual content is usually sold middle a through findings indicated that there are media presenting sex content in Bangkok. The network network The Bangkok. in content sex presenting media are there that indicated findings officials government by arrested being prevent to “curbed” is presenting sex content, which is taboo product in Thai society. The purchase of such media has to be done carefully. The purchasing of media presenting implicit sexual

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

Conceptual Framework

15 . 2 Conceptual Framework

Figure Figure 2.8

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 The The class class class

Class - - -

“Identity and “Identity

gamblers.

class gamblers class - ell underground lottery, middle and underground ell

CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER and and Communication Network of Middle

qualitative research methodology follows: qualitative as research ities

the identity of middlethe identity Ident RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH Gamblers”, have the objectives to study the identity of middle of identity the study to objectives the have Gamblers”,

o Study of regularly. gamblers class middle by used communications of Network

Depth Depth Interview Lott - 1) 2) In Snowball Sampling Technique Field Observation Field Observation Participation

The The sampling frame of the study examining the identity and network of 3) 4) The has researcher the categorized information used in the study, used researcher The 1) 2) The The study, “ Information Source Research Methodology

gamblers could be divided explained section. following in the could as into two parts gamblers The gambler must have purchased underground lotter for no less than 5 years and have have and years 5 than less no for lotter underground purchased have must gambler The sellers, other dealers, and network the of the about knowledge Communications Network of Underground Lottery Gamblers” into two types. follows: into as divided two groups population of study could be 3.2 3.1 Underground Underground gamblers and to examine their communications network. The analysis would connect dealersthose, the major to minor ones, who s gamblers.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

respondents from respondents e, the respondents respondents the e,

hout revealing the 2 sellers. All of them are are them of All sellers. 2

nd the trend of gamblers of nd the trend

class class underground lottery gamblers would be selected from -

involved in the gambling for no less than 5 years. This is because Thisis years. 5 than less no for gambling the in involved ed from groups: ed the following

Underground Underground lottery network data collection was made using Middle with income over 18,000 Baht per month. In addition, consideration is is consideration addition, In month. per Baht 18,000 over income with derground derground lottery gamblers. In addition, for the data collection, the

depth interview would be conducted to study the identity and network of network and identity the study to conducted be would interview depth - 2) 1) Demographics, Demographics, status and designation, age/gender, period of in gambling/selling a Objective time

) ) class class un 1 2 The in The - Topic of All Interview Groups

gambling/selling, marital status, occupation, monthly income, and education. monthly and income, status, occupation, gambling/selling, marital researcher’s identity. researcher’s 3.3 have to be approached step by step in order to reach the desired respondents. In addition, addition, In respondents. desired the reach to order in step by step approached be to have the in conversation the join to order in participation and observation used researcher the Medium Line Group and underground lottery gambling, wit sampling and snowball sampling techniques have been used to select to used been have techniques sampling snowball and sampling the people or family members theyillegal is purchase lottery underground knew. because study this for This crucial is It view. is insider’s because these people have the Therefor themselves. reveal to want not do involved people most and interviews of 1 dealer, 8 gamblers, 4 sellers and gamblers, and gamblers, and sellers 4 gamblers, 8 dealer, 1 of interviews business been the in no less than 5 years. and middle for the have class from Selection of Respondents is made using the nonprobability sampling. The purposive people in this group have a consistent behavioral pattern. They can be categorized based categorized be can They pattern. behavioral consistent a have group this in people from respondents 15 were status.There economic as well as occupation and income on class middle the reputation. family and occupation, lifestyle, education, data would be collect would data been have who those middle researcher would conduct the The study. of topics the of interview coverage the ensure would This guide. question unstructured and record the conversation using the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

72 blers

tween middle class

what was the start of the habit, habit, the of start the was what class class gamblers and expression -

lief lief in luck/prayers, getting lucky

class gamblers class - class class gamblers towards underground lottery - he he numbers, cost for maintaining security, other class gamblers, be - probability of numbers of probability nion of the middle he he belief of middle xperience xperience in winning, the reward, and the period necessary to get the Experience in Experience selling cheated/mistakes, lottery, underground winning/being The The source of the business for the dealer and the middle level sellers, start number sellers, of selection dealers, the and sellers between relationship The The The source of the number from the statistics, media, and highly probable T The expression of the identity of the middle The opi Gambling behavior of middle of behavior Gambling The relationship and communications channels be E

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 Topic for Underground Dealers, Gamblers Sellers, and and Sellers Topic for Topic for Underground Lottery Gamblers

reward received by the dealers and sellers, period in receiving and making payments, and and payments, making and receiving in period sellers, and dealers the by received reward high of determination expenses, sales location, sales gambling other expenses, and gam class middle between channels communication changed, were sellers times of techniques and sellers, in selling underground lottery and 3.5 of career, cash flow from selling t of underground gambler media. identity through social of underground business. numbers. numbers. winning. and from trees, money gained temple the from or scratching numbers payment (two digits, 3 digits, and 3 related numbers). digits, (two 3 digits,payment 3 related and gamblers and sellers to examine the selection of sellers, the relationship, the number of number the relationship, the sellers, of selection the examine to sellers and gamblers times sellers are changed, experience with sellers/being cheated, and communications channels. 3.4 gambling the and other was money spent, amount what habits.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

73 the

May May 2, 2020 for the

ers, who are middle class lculations, report in the news news the in report lculations, n after buying the ticket near

ndividuals ndividuals would be made from the selected area of

ted from seminars, which provided the researcher knowledge

Lucky Lucky Korat Girl wins 12 millio

Opinions of the dealer and sellers, who are middle class gamblers, Data Data collection from i (1) Initial Initial research from documents that the researcher collected about Expression Expression of the identity of dealers and sell The The beliefs of the dealer and sellers, who are middle class gamblers, the

) ) ) ) ) 2 The The documents about the history of underground lottery in Thailand was The access to online media through applications, interactions on Facebook, The The researcher spent the period during August 1, 2019 to 1 5 6 4 Data Collection

Grandmother Mo Monument (Matichon Online: February 1, 2019). 2019). Mo Monument Online: 1, (Matichon Grandmother February odds in the gambling. odds in the gambling. Nakhon Ratchasima province, because the researcher is a local resident. In addition, it money. the prize and of gamblers of winners number with a large is a location conversation on Line, interpretation of dreams, number ca number dreams, of interpretation Line, on conversation media, understanding the identity, network, and gambler behavior such as calculation, better periodfor that during events or interpretation, newsstories interpretation, dream NIDA. NIDA. This includes research works, academic papers, and online news. In addition, information was collec of and gambling history, the playing, impact, way trend. about lottery such as application to check the winning numbers, Facebook pages that give out out give that pages Facebook numbers, winning the check to application as such lottery dreams. numbers, of interpretation calculating and for formula winning numbers, collected from libraries in Chulalongkorn University, Thammasat University, and data collection (Government Lottery Office does not have May 1, 2020). There is a total total a is There 2020). 1, May have not does Office Lottery (Government collection data and documents individuals follows: collection from as data monthsof 10 for history of underground lottery in Thailand. In addition, there are documents about 3.6 gamblers, expression in real life and social and life media in real expression gamblers, lottery government regarding source source of winning numbers, budget for gambling, experience winnings statistics, and in winning, beliefs,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

news news online:

clearly. clearly. Also some of the interviews were

llers, and 2 sellers. All of the respondents are from are respondents the of All sellers. 2 and llers, residences, shops, and coffee shops. The interviews interviews The shops. coffee shops,and residences, d interact with dealers and gamblers. As a result, the

Korat Korat Grandma wins first prize of 6 million baht (Inn Department store sales rep and farmer from Korat win 6 million to rid Boxing Stadium winsFan 30 million. His life takes a huge turn (Khao Prathai Korat Resident wins the first prize of 12 million again (Thairath (Thairath again million 12 of prize first the wins Resident Korat Prathai

(3) (4) (5) (2) It is not easy to reach an

were were conducted out of working hours to maintain the privacy of allowed them to individuals. express their This views and feelings freely. In addition, this enabled the observation of the gambling behavior presented call. following table. in the using video are details conducted The dealer, 8 gamblers, 4 gamblers and se and gamblers 4 gamblers, 8 dealer, Nakhon Ratchasima, which is where the researcher is from. Respondents came from the city district (City, Hua Talay, and Ban Kho subdistricts), Pimai and Nonthai. The included interviews the of location Sod online: December 1, 2019). Sod December online: research has to create a snowballing level of new respondents. There were of a total of 15 trust interviews consisting of 1 through personal relationships enabling their debts (Daily News 23, 2019). (Daily debts November their online: Online: August 1, 2019). Online: August 1, August 16, 2019).

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 75 75

2019 2019 2019 Date 2019 Aug. 11, Aug. 12, Aug. 12, Aug. Aug. 11, Aug.

Nakhon Nakhon Nakhon Nakhon Nakhon Nakhon nterview Residence I Hair salon Hair Ratchasima Ratchasima Ratchasima Ratchasima City district City district City district City district City district City district Coffee shop Coffee Location of Location Furniture store Furniture

degree degree abroad Master’s Master’s Master’s certificate Education Vocational Vocational High school school High

onth Baht Baht Baht

000 , 000 000 , , 40 50 200,000 Baht 100 Income/

) )

Family Family Online Online Official Personal Personal ( Business Furniture Furniture ( Merchant Business Business Hairdresser

Occupation Government Government

Single Single Status Married Marital Marital Divorced

Time Time yrs yrs yrs 10 10 yrs 19 30 Period of Period Gambling/Selling

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs yrs/F yrs/F yrs/F 38 38 59 50 Age/Gender

Respondents Profile Summary and Basic Summary Profile and Respondents Information 01

03 04 02 1 . 3 eller Seller Seller S Status and and Status Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler and Gambler Table Table

140904081 76 76

2019 2019 2019 2019 Date 2019 2019 Aug. 16, Aug. 16, Aug. 22, Aug. Aug. 16, Aug. 20, Aug. 20, Aug.

district district district Nakhon Nakhon nterview I Video call Video call Video Ratchasima City district City district Coffee shop Coffee Location of Location Retail Nonthai Retail Nonthai Retail Nonthai Retail Nonthai Residence Pimai Pimai Residence

degree degree degree private private Studying Studying Studying institution bachelor’s bachelor’s bachelor’s bachelor’s Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Education High school High school High High school school High

onth Baht Baht Baht M 000 , 000 000 , , 0,000 Baht 000 6 20 19 , ,000,000 Baht 200,000 Baht 1 2 Income/

Service Retail Retail Owner Garage Factory Factory Personal Personal Business Occupation Watch Watch

Single Single Single Single Single Status Married Marital Marital

Time Time yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs

5 6 5 30 27 yrs 30 Period of Period Gambling/Selling

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs/F yrs/F yrs/F yrs/F yrs yrs/M 37 22 23 58 41 47 Age/Gender

05 10 09 06 07 08 eller eller Seller Seller S S Dealer Dealer Status and and Status Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler and Gambler Gambler and Gambler

140904081 77 77

2019 2019 2019 Date 2019 2019 Aug. 31, Aug. 31, Aug. Aug. 23, Aug. 25, Aug. 25, Aug.

Nakhon Nakhon Canteen nterview I Ratchasima Ratchasima City district City district district Koh Location of Location Talay district Talay district Talay Residence Ban Ban Residence Residence City City Residence Restaurant Hua Hua Restaurant district Nakhon Restaurant Hua Hua Restaurant

degree degree Master’s Master’s Doctorate certificate Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Education Vocational Vocational High school High

onth Baht Baht M 000 000 , , ,000 Baht 0,000 Baht 3 20 19 100,000 Baht 500 Income/

Retail Private Private Charms Charms Business Professor Company Company Company Employee Employee University University Occupation Fabric Fabric

Single Single Single Status Married Married Marital Marital

Time Time yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 7 5 9 10 10 Period of Period Gambling/Selling

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F F / / yrs/F yrs/F yrs yrs yrs/M 39 25 26 38 39 Age/Gender

15 12 14 11 13 seller seller Status and and Status Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler and Gambler

140904081

78 also also arify arify

the study and were and study the

engaging in personal

e interview in order to avoid avoid to order in interview e uld later record the interview in interview the record later uld the role as the analyst, observer, observer, analyst, the as the role

participative observation. The researcher - The researcher has has researcher The

The interviews were conducted to answer the objectives. The data The objectives. the answer to conducted were interviews The

rground rground lottery such as location, people, and objects. Screen shots were addition, the video call also used when additional information was needed needed was information additional when used also call video the addition, The The mobile telephone was used in case the respondent cannot conveniently The The researcher requested permission to record the interview using a mp3 Data Collection Instrument Collection Data Taking field notes is a means to record the observations. This depends on the Data Analysis Data up to maintain the privacy of the respondent. There is no identification of the dual dual providing the information. In case personal content on Facebook or Line is - the conversation. The researcher also used the mobile phone to collect information about the unde provide provide information due to limitations of time and location. As a result, the video call In used. was record to the respondent requested always interviewer the However, respondents. from observed the respondents and networks through various channels such as telephone and and telephone as such channels various through networks and respondents the observed Line. The sound recording enables seamless data collection because the interviewer does not have to be concerned about writing the notes. In addition, it helps to cl report. analysis verbatim and and the data asked helps the issues being conversations, conversations, and observing the creation of identity gamblers and on network Facebook. of During sellers the and interview the methods researcher in used data participative collection and non recorder. The respondents were informed regarding the objective of objective the regarding informed were respondents The recorder. ensured that their identities would not be revealed. However, they were informed that the contents of the interview would be used in the study. In addition, the researcher used participation observation by taking part in the Line group, would not forget and it helps to summarize the information. The conversation might wo researcher the therefore away, carried be sometimes of those collection area. data in the interest the to avoid tweaking the notebook and interviewer. All of the interviews were recorded and field notes were taken. were notes were field of therecorded and All interviews interviewer. and th after made are that issues certain on expand to necessity making it a point of interest or focus. This is necessary to ensure that the interviewer used used the identification is blacked out. Only content and messages that have enabled analysis. in the be used status would public is presented based on the categorization of content. The names of the respondents are made indivi

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

The The researcher analyzed the data based The The researcher analyzed the data along

description. ons and websites related to the underground lottery. lottery. to the underground related ons and websites Data Data Collection Instrument Evaluation Analysis and Presentation of Findings for for analysis throughout the period of study. to be then analytical would subject The collected qualitative research information on the question guide, which was developed and evaluated by developed and experts. evaluated was which guide, on the question categorized be would collected data the day Each collection. data for fieldwork the with also also made from posts on the researcher, respondents’ and conversations on Line and Facebook Facebook. This also includes collection status, of participation of the applicati from data

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 d class class Class - - tery tery is

be be used to ond are the when people when depth interview. The interview. depth -

class is the largest population group in -

and and Communication Network of Middle

CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER ities Ident dition, they have the power to drive and develop the country country the develop and drive to power the have they dition, AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK COMMUNICATION AND

depth interview were selected using the snowball sampling - s to study the identity and creation of network of middle IES Gamblers” Gamblers” is a qualitative research. The researcher used field

o Lott IDENTIT The The research results regarding placing bets on underground lottery into two The The study titled, “ considered hopeconsidered for the poor, as the saying goes “the poor bet on underground lottery, viewed are that classes lower the of people the is It exchange”. stock the on bet rich the want want to buy lottery. underground can be It done easily just by up picking phone and to sending a message to the dealer within the time limit. In case the client wins, money would be transferred in the online account immediately. Underground lot underground lottery through social networks online. The selling/buying of undergroun of selling/buying The online. networks social through lottery underground lottery can be made freely. Society is used to this behavior and do not placing bets on in as police the of fear strict no is There hidden. be to something is lottery underground openly, done be can groups various join to choose to freedom The past. the age age to facilitate communications between dealers, sellers, and gamblers. Each party would coordinate and build relationships rapidly. Communications could about experience exchange and numbers lucky give to Facebook or Line in groups form finding numbers from various locations. This includes selling government and in terms of economics, society, and culture. society, culture. and economics, of in terms group. The first is the people making the purchase, the gamblers. The sec sellers, which include the and dealers sellers. They use technology in globalization the underground underground lottery gamblers. The middle Thailand, with good economic status, social reputation, ad In family. stable from business career, and inherit Underground Underground in with together observation participation the utilizing observation respondents for the in technique. The goal i

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

81 class class class class - -

respondents talked talked respondents

cant debt and might might and debt cant quitting quitting as dealer to

f the dissertation with hough the expectations expectations the hough identity of middle

rong personality, who is – es es research respondents as follows: respondents research g technique. The respondents were class class gamblers have a stable economic status. -

class Underground Lottery Gamblers -

. There There is 1 dealer, who is one of the major dealers in Nakhon Ratchasima

The researcher has classified of the the status researcher The 1) The The researcher collected data from 15 respondents who live in Nakhon Part 1 Identity of Middle

“white”. Therefore, she decided to open decided to open interest. factory she a Therefore, of her “white”. conduct conduct business of interest. Most of the earnings from gambling is used to open a factory because it is more stable. This dealer does not really like underground lottery like the previous generation. The dealer is a female with a st open to winning and losing. Later, she has decided to find a stable business that is province province inheriting the business from the father. This dealer has an expansive social network making 2,000,000 baht/month. There is a possibility of 4.1 conducted conducted based on the suitable ethical guidelines. The researcher thus presents the research findings in 2 parts based on the research objectiv underground lottery gamblers gamblers lottery underground and communications network of middle about about their gambling behavior animatedly. As a result, they were willing to provide information and did not mind being recorded despite the fact that gambling is a taboo. They trust the researcher, since the data would be used as part o suitable means to protect the privacy of the respondents. In addition, the research was Ratchasima Ratchasima province using the snowball samplin willing to provide information because they are people in the same community and family members. They are well acquainted. The The way. fun a sampling in conducted was interview The methodology sampling. purposive used was of this group are not as high business lottery today. underground as the lower class, they are the force that drives by society with concern since they are at risk of accumulating signifi accumulating of risk at are they since concern with society by result in social problems. The middle to choice The lifestyle. with a modern in society and reputation good career have They Alt on. go to cycle the enables lottery underground on bets place

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

mbling. This

500,000 baht. Their - t about winning lottery

They They like fortune seeking from

. D the day of the draw he is restless and and is restless he draw the of day the uit gambling in case of significant win. information information because the researcher is not known. - loving, outlook and to life. reasonable -

estate. There are clients in the district and other districts, districts, other and district the in clients are There estate. - lity, daring to show his opinions, and loves to join social

the conversation even more interesting. even more the conversation time jobs with income ranging from 19,000 - o a trend to try gambling online because it has higher rewards, which is There There are 8 gamblers, who place bets because gambling is in their blood.

Gambler Gambler 11 is a university lecturer, who likes to pos Gambler 12 has a fabric shop with a gambler personality, who regularly plays office. friend’s a at junior isa who employee, company private a is 14 Gambler Gambler Gambler 09 fixes watches in Nonthai District. The interview was conducted in Gambler 05 Gambler owns a retail store in Nonthai, who gamblers for fun and bets on a engagements. social many has who District, Pimai in garage a owns 08 Gambler Gambler Gambler 01 has a furniture store family business that has been operated for 2) the gamblers network is wide and well and network is wide the gamblers ey ey have full This gambler was reluctant in providing the rummy, invests in stocks, cards, underground lottery, and all types of ga respondent openly provides information to the researcher. The family income is being platform. online by the affected contacts the dealers to check, which numbers are not sold so that he could distribute his his distribute could he that so sold not are numbers which check, to dealers the contacts wants. to buy the the he to analyze numbers, has in order offers He bets. fun has open, This person an oftentimes. the afternoon before the lottery draw. He showed off his calculation formula with great with formula calculation his off showed He draw. lottery the before afternoon the On passion. of out bets places gambler The pride. He He has a talkative persona functions. Today he gave the business to his children, therefore he does not place as the of day the is interview the of day The business. the ran he when did he as bets much making draw, lottery bets bets for every draw, while making a wish to q in family by supported business her in doing active is very tough woman, who is a She to find clients. helping generations owning many real many owning generations thus places regularly gambler This plates. license car from come which numbers, regular few There There is als riskier. Th education level ranged from high school to Ph. friends. and family the in people from habit gambling their starting lottery underground

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

cebook,

. This respondent has a degree in

. egree egree but do not like to gamble because erson has a friend, who is a dealer, and can business of the dealer. She often was often of She was by the cheated clients. the dealer.

t know the dealer through Line and computer programs. In addition, they e researcher. On the day of the lottery draw, she would close the door. She door. the close would she lottery draw, the of day the On researcher. e r’s degree in business management, makes her appear like a lady of stature. of lady a like appear her makes management, business in degree r’s There There are 2 sellers, who write and deliver the bets. The income is about There There are 4 gamblers and sellers. The sellers today write the numbers and online. online. This becomes the organization culture. Thus, selling underground

50,000 baht. They have a master’s d 4) Gambler and seller 13 is a private company employee, who is one of the sellers the of one is who employee, company private is a 13 seller and Gambler Gambler Gambler and seller 03 is a hair dresser (personal business). She is a the hair Gambler Gambler 15 has a holy relic 3) - Gambler and Gambler seller 07 has a personal business, who sells lottery underground to Gambler Gambler and seller 06 is the owner of agricultural equipment retail. The income. lottery is a type of hobby, which is a beneficial use of hobby, is a beneficial is a type of time. lottery which 20,000 additional for lottery underground sold respondent This seeking. fortune like don’t they who believes that income from the underground lottery could improve livelihood. improve could lottery underground the that income from who believes in the office. The work environment involved everyday talking about underground lottery make the recommendation for accessing more information. more accessing the recommendation for make support the family. This respondent posted about underground lottery on Fa nervous and afraid and nervous video on done was interview The income. additional wants who student, a is respondent call after the end of the work day. This p dresser of th of dresser gave information while washing and drying. The researcher could also observe the selling and buying of underground lottery on every draw. The respondent is a bit walk around collecting the numbers. They are close to a single or multiple dealer. Some dealer. multiple or single a to close are They numbers. the collecting around walk of them don’ clients. with relationship good creating and thrills for lottery underground on bets place communication arts, thus having a good understanding of the questions. The respondent respondent The questions. the of understanding good a having thus arts, communication She person. business a like speaking image good a project could and well answer could maste a has an acquaintance. an The acquaintance. friend had to vouch for the confirming researcher that the data is used only for educational purposes, after which the interview went smoothly. This and has personality humble nice a respondent

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

class class

place place bets on

class gamblers class - and and Communication

dressed presenting that class class - - ities

class gamblersclass Ident - “

class underground lottery underground class gamblers loving, daring, and does not like petty petty like not does and daring, loving, - - er lifestyle lifestyle er Gamblers” is based on the 8 middle 8 the on based is Gamblers”

o proper. She is well

Lott mblers towards above ground lottery lottery towardsmblers ground above

bjective for joining the underground lottery business joining lottery the for underground bjective Underground Class Perspective of ga Perspective - Expressing emotions and feelings of underground of underground gamblers lottery and feelings emotions Expressing identity of middleExpressing Underground lottery is hope lottery the middle for Underground middle is entertainment lottery for Underground middle lottery underground of Taste Media and the decision to place bets on underground lottery by middle the of gambling lottery underground with associated Beliefs O gambl lottery Underground

udying about placing bets online. udying about placing 8) 9) 10) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 1) 2) class gamblers gamblers class Seller Seller 04 is a government official, who sells underground lottery at the The first part of the findings of the research, Seller Seller 02 has an online business. The family has many businesses include loan -

ddle ommunications channels, online social media, joining social activities, and personal

class mi lottery lottery gamblers is made through the perspective of the gamblers themselves. This is considered from the means c of communicating their identity, topics. on the following from it based addition, conversation is derived media. In which includes Network of Middle of Network gamblers. They have an income underground of lottery. The 18,000 analysis of baht, the creation who and presentation regularly of underground workplace. workplace. Sometimes the respondent receives bets fun is She home. her at at evening the in conducted home. The interview was She is stissues. and and rent. This respondent speaks well and high status. has she

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

85 ment eation eation and

and and Communication

ities gamblers gamblers place bets with

days that the draw would be

Ident “ Gamblers” Gamblers” presents the gender, age,

o Lott Underground Lottery BusinessUnderground Lottery This group receive tangible benefits, which is - twork to protect the people in the team. Those who class class underground lottery lers - in acceptance of those in their network continuously. oining the oining the J This group plays for the thrills, entertainment, and creation creation and entertainment, thrills, the for plays group This do not put a big bet. This is based on the feeling that nothing nothing that feeling the on based is This bet. big a put not do - eeping eeping of secrets, payment of prize money on time, give

Class Underground - Gamblers Dealer Dealer and sel

2) 1) Objective for Objective

4.1.1 The first part of the findings of the research, Lottery Office. Lottery on the first and sixteenth of every month. There are some postponed for instance January 1 draw would be made on January 2 or January would 16 be drawn on January 17, major Buddhist holidays such as Makabucha, May 1 would be drawn on May 2. These dates would be determined by the Govern of network with others. Middle people they know such as friends. It becomes an opportunity for fun life their exchange makes This others. with thrill of the feel and good lucky to hope all They numbers. gain gain money by selling bets on underground lottery. They join the thrill in betting with they However, clients. their selling money bets from is gained anyway. is wrong, because This is because sellers and dealers need to maintain their relationship based on trust. to create is means This dealers. a with other bets their to place might change Gamblers trust through promotion, k credit such as huay pah allowing payment in the next draw. Many of the sellers also identity as having an expansive ne have economic benefits need to accumulate economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital. Thus, this controls the status of the gamblers. Dealers would give discounts to clients, which is a benefit to ga of each individual as presented individual as section. following in the of each money. This is particularly true for the dealers, who are involved in the underground lottery business. They need to have connections with the police through creation of gambling, gambling, which is the starts of communications network the of understanding underground about lottery status the on depends cycle gamblers. lottery identity underground the joining of The objective the cr that indicate research findings Network Network of Middle of trend gambling, for reason the presents it addition, In status. marital and occupation,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 86 86

Future Trend place bets less on stop selling underground buys both government

rich from it - underground lottery but more on government lottery - lottery and concentrate online orbusiness other business of interest - lottery andunderground lottery never hopebe to

Placing elling S / nd Dealers

Bets

fortune seeking Objective of Underground Lottery Mainly for additional like like thrill conversation topic with

friends - income - - -

degree abroad Master’s Education High school

000

, 000 onth , Baht Baht M 50 Income / 100

) Family Online f Underground Lottery Gamblers, Sellers, Sellers, Lotteryf Underground Gamblers, ( business Furniture business merchant o Occupation

Single Status Marital Divorced

yrs Time 10 yrs 30 Selling Period of Gambling/

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs yrs/F 38 59 Age/Gender

Demographics, Objective, Trend of the Trend of Demographics,Group Objective,

1 2 . 0 4 Status/ Designation Seller Gambler Table Table

140904081

87 she 87

Future Trend

Learnunderground about Made a wish that if Depends on careerafter If she becan a Quit selling andplacing Receives bets placed

through online channels - lottery andforeign lottery - won first prize lottery she would gamblingquit - graduation sheis can still continue sell to underground lottery - government official she - bets -

Placing elling S /

Bets Objective of Underground Lottery Fortune seeking For fun Additional income Support family income Inherit business from Makes more income Additional income

- - - - - mother - than other businesses -

degree degree degree private Master’s Studying Studying certificate institution bachelor’s bachelor’s Education Vocational High school

000 000 , onth , 0,000 Baht Baht Baht Baht Baht M 20 40 6 Income / 200,000 200,000

)

Retail Retail official Personal business Personal business ( Hairdresser Occupation Government

Single Single Single Single Status Married Marital

yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs

5 5 6 Time 19 10 Selling Period of Gambling/

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs/F yrs/F yrs/F yrs yrs/F 22 23 38 41 50 Age/Gender

3 04 06 07 0 Status/ Designation Gambler and seller seller Gambler Gambler and Seller Gambler and seller

140904081 88 88

dealer do to

Future Trend Continue placing bets to Quit being a Gamble every drawing in Gamble and invite others Play for thrill the and

- get some money back from the dealer - other that business she is good at - case she wins - online to thejoin fun would quit selling underground lottery - hope winningof prize money

Placing elling S / Bets

Objective of Underground Lottery Hopemake to money Prove numbersthe he Gambling in is blood the Placed bets as a means Inheritbusiness from Friends invited toher Fortune seeking

- from fortune seeking - has - father - play - - - for hope during the economic 1997ofcrisis

degree Doctorate Bachelor’s Education High school High school High school

000 Baht onth , 000 0,000 Baht Baht Baht , ,000,0 M 19 3 1 00 Income / 100,000 2 00 Baht

Garage professor University Fabric retail Occupation Watch service Factory owner

Single Single Status Married Married Marital Single

yrs yrs yrs yrs 7 Time 30 27 yrs 30 10 Selling Period of Gambling/

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs yrs/F yrs/F yrs/M yrs/M 38 58 37 39 47 Age/Gender

11 12

10 08 09 Status/ Designation Gambler Gambler Dealer Seller Seller

140904081 89 89

Future Trend Win often and enjoy with Won’t quitbecause it Continue withhope the of

- friends - helps with the monthly expenses at home - winning

Placing

elling S / Bets

Objective of Underground Lottery Business is relatedis Business to Family business Additional income Like gamblingdespite

- beliefs - - - rarely winning

degree degree Master’s certificate Bachelor’s Education Vocational

000 000 , onth , ,000 Baht Baht Baht M 20 19 Income / 500

Private Private Charms business company company employee employee Occupation

Single Single Status Married Marital

yrs yrs yrs 5 9 Time 10 Selling Period of Gambling/

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

F / yrs yrs/F yrs/F 26 39 25 Age/Gender

14 15

13 Status/ Designation Gambler Gambler and seller Gambler

140904081

r - 90 Class - “laissez

e. e. They do no “I “I joined activities with -

gularly attend activities. They are are They activities. attend gularly had had to maintain the privacy of the ndents have income over 18,000 baht. baht. 18,000 over income have ndents

gambling. They later adopted it because it nt administrative officer. I joined with the and Communication Network of Middle of Network Communication and

ities Ident Lottery GamblerLottery Lifestyle Gamblers” indicate that respo that indicate Gamblers”

o Underground Lott

Gambler Gambler 08, owner of the garage in a different district 4.1.2 “ findings research The Research findings indicate that the trend for gambling and accepting bets placed placed bets accepting and gambling for trend the that indicate findings Research elderly at the market. I am active in the market community, hardly spending much time time much spending hardly community, market the in active am I market. the at elderly at home. I am very busy; thus, any meeting requires an appointment be made. I am usually easy going and have good thus, employment; gamblers knownare in by others society. their the Red Cross and I am a local governme are are friends, who invited respondents to try was fun. Also, they believed that placing bets on underground lottery is one type of gambling. Outside of their group, gamblers re who socialites, and employees, company members, are viewed as businessmen, faculty due due to the ethical requirements, the researcher that indicate findings research The names. of instead designations using by respondents There networks. their build to people meet They lifestyle. working a having respondents Underground Underground They have a variety of occupations including business, government officials, and own Most business. of the willing were respondents to data. personal their reveal However, not mind they are willing to accept any client making payments on tim operations. in their in hiccups in results collecting problems that money have that selling bets is not their only source of income. Thus, it can be said that selling bets bets that selling said be can it Thus, income. of source only their not is bets selling that is an option for increased income. They accept the risk with the mentality, faire” and “can enter and anytime”.leave termsIn of the gamblers, they can choose to do Sellers voluntary. purely is This feeling. good and luck their on based dealers, rotate income so they would look for opportunities to resume their business. Some have their their have Some business. their to resume opportunities for look would so they income income reduced or have been cheated. There is also a trend that those, who have thei own business, might quit selling bets to do their own business. Respondents reported of sellers and gamblers differ. Some say they wish to quit and would do so if they win an is which official, government jobas a get they if quit they would that say Some big. unforeseeable future. Those, who change jobs would often feel reluctant to lose this

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

91 personal

August 16, 2019) 16, August Japanese Japanese restaurant for 4 he he business, they were not lized that I lacked the necessary necessary the lacked I that lized August 31, 2019)

“I “I ran a “At “At first, I would like to work and - -

ture ture and volunteer, which he joins as long personal communication, communication, personal

rom parents, means that the generation of children e e friends with good finances, I do not seek assistance, r over a year after deciding to study master’s degree. It was was It degree. master’s deciding to study year after a r over personal communication, personal Commerce in public relations, after which I gained reputation gained reputation which I after in public relations, Commerce

ner ner of a holy relic business August 31, 2019)

r base. He has tried his hand at his own business with not much success much own business with not his at tried his hand He has r base. He He then continued his parents’ business that has become successful with a Gambler 15, owner of holy relics business Gambler Gambler 15, ow Continuation of business f dedicated to its survival.” ( dedicated There were many factors that led to this result. I also rea also I result. this to led that factors many were There expertise. Factors included lack of expertise and understanding for management. I the hired a operations manager to work and did not monitor operations resulting in leakage of resources and since employees did not own in t management of people and financial resources. people of and financial management gain not did I them. closed I so money lost branches Both success. much not with years anything but experience. No one would expect that something like this would happen. strong custome such as restaurant and real estate. This learning created knowledge necessary for the organizations. organizations. This is because the chamber of commerce comprises of businessmen. I Mall fo The at then worked during this period that communication, I started working on my own business.” ( get get experience in big organizations before working at home. I wanted to study their system in order to adapt to use in my own family business. Upon graduation I worked of Chamber Korat the at in society. I got to know more influential figures including businessmen in various have to accumulate social capital. The respondent has to develop experience in addition addition in experience develop to has respondent The capital. social accumulate to have business in degree master’s and communications degree bachelor’s a with graduating to administration. rather rather friends can come to ask me for help. It is my philosophy to help others, but it is ( information.” much too for ask to may not involved involved with all types of works such as cul friends. and works, of loads do, to much so is There meetings. with overlap not does it as burden a is it feels I because strategy sales direct to it expand to wish not do I However, for my friends. Although I hav

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

class class -

nt explained about August 25, 2019)

e more expensive. Even expensive. more e for for instance Gambler 09, The The responde August 31, 2019). “Like any other business, when the the when business, other any “Like “Our business takes care of the ause it has Facebook ads. However, However, ads. Facebook has it ause

- - - usinesses usinesses today have to compete with ouse of about 100,000 baht would be

“Products online ar online “Products -

(personal communication,(personal a a large following for holy relics. However, during quiet

(personal communication, (personal , owner of a holy relics business relics holy a of owner ,

fe. fe. In In terms of retired government officials, they would rely on their monthly Inheriting business from parents to children includes the customer base. There Gambler 01, owner of a furniture store Some of the gamblers have to move across districts Gambler 14, private company employee Gambler 12, owner of a fabric shop fabric a of owner 12, Gambler Gambler 15 Gambler Some of the respondents viewed that b The research findings indicate that the business owners recognized that business that recognized owners business the that indicate findings research The employees and their families. For instance, the man in orange works here with his wife wife withhis here works orange in man the instance, For families. their and employees sufficient for living honorably for in society. sufficient is a need to be supportive in order to maintain a smooth transition in the middle of li way making the necessary income for a good livelihood moving from Surin to 14, (Gambler August 31, 2019) Ratchasima. Nakhon income. With an income from parents and sp respondent respondent said that he has good skills, so he has regular August 16, 2019). customers (Gambler 09, she she told me that my stuff is fake. She said the quilt she bought from Lazada is real. I to say.” else anything just have don’t who fixes watches. The respondent admitted that income has reduced. Luckily, the if they claim 90% discount on Lazada, it is still more expensive than retail. There was for it shopsells my student the told Jessica. I from online bought a quilt who student, a bec price that is It baht. 3,400 spend why baht, 1,700 the 4 necessities in life.” in life.” the 4 necessities have to necessary is it therefore, dropped has volume sales the Thus, commerce. online for investing estate, dorm rent. as and such businesses in stocks, real other offices. offices. They would build Buddha images on special occasions. When the economy is good, temples would have periods, the business is also affected. It is considered unnecessary product not part of success depends on the time and economic situation economic the country. depends time of on the and success economy is good, our business is good too. Our target are temples and government

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 93

Class Gamblers - class class underground

- Middle “Since the in 1997, “Since economic bubble burst - time employment. They would like to have ntertainment for for ntertainment - E . Their inheritance would give them the necessary the them give would inheritance Their . ecial ecial career skills such as fixing watches enables ve full ottery is ottery L At that time my father died when I was in third year. We e used to stock fabrics all the way up to the third and fourth and third the to up way the all fabrics stock to used e and do not communicate directly with dealers. directly do not communicate and

Underground

300,000 baht. W baht. 300,000 , in every regard. People lost hope and underground lottery became their Gambler 12, owner of shop owner fabric 12, of a Gambler 4.1.3 The research findings indicate that underground lottery is not just the hope for The The research findings indicate the livelihood of middle ployees, ployees, it would be difficult for us. They do everything for us regardless. At p their own drink. (Gambler trust them.” 11, 2019) August own drink. 01, p their We ty like a friend, who would help to improve their livelihood. who their to improve would help friend, ty like a 30,000 baht. The interest was 7,000 baht. Since 1997 for a 1997 the Since years, 7,000 baht. sales interest a was few The for volume 30,000 baht. 2 only was the interest rates were allowed to float. The people, who bought homes or invested at that time, all went bankrupt. about house the on installment pay to had We away. passed he when baht, million 7 had expenses expenses winning of possibility the hardshipswith the alleviating in hope the provided It option. money to improve their lives and that of their family. It serves to provide a source of stabili the lower classes. Respondents provide corroborating economic crisis of 1997. wasIt a period of poor economic conditions, with significant information regarding the Gambling is only part of their social interaction. They would choose to place their bets bets their place to would choose They interaction. social of part their only is Gambling trust they can with people sustainable sustainable living conditions during the economic downturn. Working in companies middle of identity The people. of variety a with interacting for opportunities opens also class gamblers, thus appears to ha society. in others as well as subordinates their from acceptance and reputation, stability, tended to like joining social activities social joining like to tended economic status that gives them stability and social standing. They work in reputable careers growing up with government official families. This helps them to gain more social capital than others. Having sp pick u lottery gamblers depends on gender, occupation, income, and education. Women and grandchild. They in aand live freeroom. Tomorrow day is their off. we If do not have the em soft bottle of give one we time my father’s Since soft drinks. would distribute 2PM we drink for afternoon break. Nowadays, we leave the fridge for them now, so they can

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

94 August August

“In the past when business business when past the “In - “I “I went to pray at the holy - (personal communication, (personal

August 25, 2019)

5 years, the price went up to 130,000 baht to even 200,000 - 4 vehicles per week. Nowadays, there is no order. Today if we have have we if Today order. no is there Nowadays, week. per vehicles 4 - g on the wood work and only 1 doing the paint job. Despite the reduction, the Despite job. paint the doing 1 only and work wood the on g ck ck Monkey Hermit in Pattaya resulting in winning 5 times in a row both Thaksin’s Thaksin’s time one vehicle was 58,000 baht, we were rich. People had to

viate viate the problems during that period. In addition, gamblers also hope to bler 08, owner of garage from a different district different a from garage of owner 08, bler 2 years to get a vehicle for 150,000 baht. At that time, we rented our place. class class underground lottery gamblers. It is found that they related their - ht. The house cost us 3 million. It is where we are now. After Thaksin was the farmers and we had a good livelihood.” livelihood.” good a had we and farmers the -

(personal communication, (personal The The perspective of the respondent shows that the economic impact is the Research findings reflect the views towards the economic and social conditions social and economic the towards views the reflect findings Research Gam r the vehicle is completed in 14 days. We have been using our old savings for 3savings for old usingour been have We days. 14 in completed is vehicle the r and and underground. After 3 months, I went back to ask for more fortune through stocks depend depend on superstitious connection to bring them success in instance, it is fortune the hope of seeking. Gambler 12, fabric For shop owner site of the Bla and underground government lottery. Sometimes the win would be 2 or 3 digits above 16, 2019) consequence of political factors. Therefore, turning to gamble on underground lottery helps to alle years now since the bubble burst. PM Prayuth does not support the farmers, so we alsowe so farmers,the support not doesPrayuth PM burst. bubblethe since now years have no customers. We try to build up old vehicles. supported During Thaksin’s period, he million ba the have We savings. our into staff eating our pay to have burst. We bubble the ousted, 3 make to capacity orde an 80,000 baht. After that 4 baht. During book for 1 My mother did not have the rights. After 10 years, we bought our own land for over a was was good, I had 10 mechanics, 4 worked on the wood work and 2 on the paint. Today I have only 2 mechanics and 3 interns from the vocational school. I no longer have workin people the income has not been big. In a week we can put together about 3 cars, each about experiences experiences during the economic crisis. These respondents. responses corroborate among the floors. Today we only use the first floor and mezzanine. The third and fourth floors are are floors fourth and third The mezzanine. and floor first the use only we Today floors. empty.” of middle

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

ze ze 95 pri

th class class underground lottery (personal communication, -

class class underground lottery class class want to seek out new - - support their friends or follow their family dels dels for middle class class underground lottery gamblers to gain - August 16, 2019)

ral would grant their wish. In addition, the al needs. al is the hopeIt in inengaging activities with good luck because they like to make merit. make to like they because luck good with , who have endured economic hardships. Even in hard

he accomplishment of the previous wish.” (personal (personal communication, “Since “Since I realized that the economy was not good. I did not know what to do - The research findings reveal that some of the underground lottery gamblers did lottery underground the of some that reveal findings research The The The experience of underground lottery gamblers in placing their hopes in bets Gambler 08, owner of the garage in another district revealed that he also hoped hoped he also that revealed district the in another of garage owner 08, Gambler esorted to placing bets on underground lottery. I was lucky and my bets increased betsincreased my and lucky was lottery. I underground on betsplacing to esorted bets from 5 baht to 10 baht to 100 baht to 200 baht. I always won so I was confident. confident. was I so won always I baht. 200 to baht 100 to baht 10 to baht 5 from bets

experiences experiences as part of their taste in becoming modern. It becomes the topic for their interaction with others. There are role mo not get into the habit from economic hardships, but because of invitation from their friends at school or at work. Some of them members. They become addicted to the thrill. The middle luck. They believe that the supernatu interpretation of dreams is a personal skill. If they told others, the results might vary. Some of them are very proud because the number might give them a chance to win. blessed are they that believe also They gamblers place bets place togamblers fulfill ment their that create income and entertainment during tough times. Going out with friends to make wishes at holy sites, enables middle is reflected in the eyes of those times they have decided to invest in placing bets in livelihood. the hopes The of improving research their findings indicate that middle Since Since the big flood in 1993, I have always helped the people giving food and making always This is dream merit. why don’t win. I haveand been winningI still win. I for years in a row with bets from 30 to 300 baht, eventually reaching 1000 x 1000. I won 500,000 baht.” from from the number I interpreted from my dreams. I saw someone write the numbers in my dream so bought I 5 x 5 and 10 x 20. Some the of sellers gave 70 baht per baht bet some gave 65 baht. I bought from my friend and aunt, who gave 70 baht. I increased the so I r so I reward the time that At bets. more placed I more the won I more The baht. 10 to 5 from 5 the was lottery government the for prize biggest The bet. baht per baht 700 was after after paying for t August 25, 2019) to be rich

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

20 tickets, and other - sented in the following the in sented ding the start of the gambling class class underground gamblers, who - The The researcher has made the conclusion regar

gambling gambling habits. There are some of the pre are results The don’t. middle others while gambling, other in engage table. gamblers to follow. This leads to group behavior, which leads to the belief that placing placing belief that tothe leads behavior, which group to This leads follow. to gamblers with willingly. they engage activity is an accepted lottery on underground bets habit, money spent, number of tickets bought ranging from 1

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 97 97

ambling G chool) None None None None Lottery S

Gamble Stock Exchange Exchange Stock Gamble Football Betting Betting Football Other Other pah (in pah - Online Online Pan Used toUsed

- (Winning) -

)

) the the

Won Lottery Lottery Family ( ometimes Tickets S (

Tickets 20 - 1

6 Tickets Set 6 Tickets Tickets ( Tickets Tickets Tickets 15 Tickets/Draw ickets 8 Fifth Prize Once Fifth Prize - T 20 Number of of Number 1 3

aht aht

Baht B Baht B Reduced Reduced Baht

000 000 000 , 000 usiness to usiness , , , 00 6 7 5 5 Spent/Draw B 10 - - - - 2,000 Baht 2,000 - - Purchase) 000 000 300 , ,000 000 , 600 , Gave Gave 5 3 1 ( 5 hildren then then hildren Money C

13 -

ambling

G Class Underground Lottery Gamblers’ Behavior Gamblers’ Lottery Class Underground -

oint of oint P

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Starting Follow office friends office Follow Source of hope when business when business hope of Source and friends, others, Follow Hope during the business crisis crisis business the during Hope members Follow family Income reduced from 12 from reduced Income

relatives - - of 1997 - Follow friends Follow friends Support - 1997 during problems faced - than less to year million per 500,000 baht. -

Summarization of Middle

11 12 01 05 08 09

2 . 4 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Table Table

140904081 98 98

outh up to outh

ambling

None nooker

S layed in layed ambling tocks P S G ebsite Other Other Lottery Lottery W Rummy Everyday Rummy

ow) Play Play Laos Hanoi Rummy ( Rummy on Gamble in Invest Lottery and Hanoi Laos Bet on Football

- - - - N - - - - on the

Lottery Lottery ickets ickets T T 2 10 - - 1 5 Tickets/Draw Number of of Number

aht B

000 , 1 Baht Spent/Draw 500 Money More than than More

ambling G

oint of oint P thrill

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Starting Fortune seeking Fortune fun For university the at friends Follow Like the Like the

- - - -

14 15 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler

140904081

- 99 man. This leads - choose choose the dealer based on the intain reputation so it is important to

“My “My friend, who was looking for clients, -

“Some “Some of the sellers give a 5% discount some class class gambler. This is why he would choose to - - 10,000 baht, which does not have an impact on their - August 16, 2019)

status middle - ment. From observation, he is very determined to win the prize the win to determined very is he observation, From ment. high e e a discount at all because I don’t pay immediately. This means if the class class gamblers. They can choose to pay at any time, because the sellers - research findings indicate that some of the gamblers followed their friends. their followed gamblers the of some that indicate findings research

ry. However, ry. they However, cannot play directly so they need a middle Gambler Gambler 09, watch serviceman Gambler Gambler 05, owner of retail shop Some of the respondents place bets with more than 1 dealer at a time. This is The The on underground lottery as a bad thing. They do not accept that they are addicted to addicted are they that accept not do They thing. bad a as lottery underground on

velihood. velihood. money. He is also determined to keep his credit. This is not the behavior of the higher of the behavior This is not his credit. to keep is also determined money. He level middle serviceman serviceman is not a buy with whoever gives him the highest benefit and provides the numbers he wants. Even if the numbers desired are not sold, he would still try pay highest to the provides find the option that charge charge full. For instance, for the bet of 1,000 baht a 50 baht discount might be given. Some don’t giv bet is 1,000 baht, I have to pay full, when it is due, I must pay to maintain my credit. (Gambler 09, August 16, 2019) The research findings indicate that the watch later. later. However, the most important issue is to ma soon as possible. due the amount as pay seen seen as a means to dealers. among risk their support distribute also would They numbers. the their on bets of availability friends. Some some addition, ofIn the payment want updealers front while others allow to paythem asked me to place bets. me to place then Back asked I got 500 baht bet. for baht Now each I only get 400 baht. I usually play with my friends and we continuously change dealers. It depends, who we are happy with. It doesn’t matter if we win or not as long as we are satisfied.” communication, (personal gambling, gambling, rather they play for entertainment. The research also found that the amount of money spent ranged from 600 li to conversation and persuasion of clients. Thus, they feel obliged to place bets with those in their social circles. The research indicates that gamblers do not view placings bets Then it became a habit for every first and sixteenth of the month. They wait and would and wait They month. the of sixteenth and first every for habit a became it Then like to exchange tips on good numbers. This entices those who have never played to want to t

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

the hey 100

at at this

en en it is ainment. ainment. man. This is my - middle ed ed why I don’t increase my class gamblers to place their -

level level middle - “I “I started gambling because of the somtam “Each person places their own bets. I don’t do - - August 23, 2019)

ion, they are not in a hurry to get their prize money. They don’t mind don’t They money. prize their get to hurry a in not are they ion, (personal communication,(personal face meetings, as a result they would choose to place bets with people in the Gambler Gambler 11, university lecturer The research findings indicate that underground lottery gamblers, would choose choose would gamblers, lottery underground that indicate findings research The However, However, the choice of this higher with those who offer convenient options for communications. For instance, it -

o t - gambling.” gambling.” policy. I still buy from one of my colleagues who has moved to another school. She still still She school. another to moved has who colleagues my of one from buy still I policy. sells underground lottery. There is easy access through social media so I can just send my bets through Line. I buy this way. My friend even ask bets. I said this is all I am going to do. I am very disciplined in how much I spend on would not happen. would not happen. there If anyone. from bets take not do I seller. the of number the them give can I favors. is a problem, I would end up having to pay, since I am the have have moved out of the area. They can submit the bets on Line. Also, there are those, cannot they because is This friends. their through bets placing about concerned are who afford to be responsible for the money lost and there is no way to guarantee th of the gamblers do not feel comfortable doing transactions online. They might prefer face they if even close are they people choose would them of Some company. their in or area t if even seller, the follow who those are There province. or district different a in are ask my friend to buy or I buy for my friends too.” (Interview, too.” August 11, 2019) (Interview, friends my to buy or buy for my friend I ask to buy Somedealer. tothe directly money transferor Line via contact to convenient be would Gambler Gambler 01, owner of furniture store invited she so gambling likes really She here. from down doors few a lives who vendor, me to join. When she tells me a number is good, I follow say she puts 100, I put sometimes I friends. my with playing since ever bets placing been have I amount. same absolutely absolutely necessary. This is because they started gambling by following those they meet regularly. They want a feeling of stability and safety, while not worrying about mind and of to justentert have peace want They police. by the arrested being trust them. In addit In them. trust would made. the payment be when bets depends on the level of privacy and trust. They change dealers only wh

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

101 s say

ere ere caught hannels through through hannels class underground underground class - (personal (personal communication, o any of these pages because 25% 25% discount. The channel of - ber ber and real name. I did not dare class underground lottery gamblers do do gamblers lottery underground class - “I “I would make a phone call. Let’ -

“I don’t place bets myself because I tried - them. These gamblers are very careful and try to August 11, 2019)

face, phone call, or Line message. There is only one respondent, respondent, one only is There message. Line or call, phone face, - to - er concluded the relationship between the middle the between relationship the er concluded

term relationships. The sellers have the responsibility towards the clients. They They clients. the towards responsibility the have sellers The relationships. term he sellers to delete the record of their orders online immediately. They view view They immediately. online orders their of record the delete to sellers he - The research The In addition, some of the gamblers are afraid their data would be hacked so they so be hacked their would they afraid data are the gamblers someaddition, of In Gambler 12, owner of fabric shop Gambler Gambler 01, owner of furniture store The The interview results revealed that some of the underground lottery gamblers d. d. The selection of the seller depends on the 5 telephone, Line chats, and other locations, where the seller can receive bets openly. bets receive can seller the where locations, other and chats, Line telephone, who reported placing bets on the webpage. Middle webpage. the on bets placing reported who and relationship create to ability the have They cheated. in being experience the have not long on rely c communications more creating by base customer their maintain to have gamblers, as not often changing their sellers. They do not usually change more than 3 times. times. 3 than more change usually not do They sellers. their changing often not as gamblers, being or area the of out seller the of movement the to due be might change for reason The cheate face either is purchase be be at risk. I prefer to have others to place bets for August 25, 2019) me.” to apply. I am afraid it would be hacked, which would mean my bank and name namefull requires page and Facebook any if account why is This risk. at be would number number, account wouldI not go in. have never I applied t I do not want my ID number, bank account number, name, and credit card number to ask ask their friends to place the bets for placing others bets for accept either. them don’t Some themselves. of protect signing up on a website. It required the account num many clients in the area. However, the people who placed bets earlier, w because their messages were found when the police raided the house of the seller.” communication, (personal after after I send the Line message, I would delete it immediately. There was a seller, who was arrested but did not tell the police, placed I the bets. This is thebecause seller had would ask t ask would waythis a to protect the seller, data, their in case the police as arrest who would solely the blame. take

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 102 102

Channels with Channels Sellers

ry Gamblers and

Walk to seller buy from Walk near Telephone tell messages Line and Sending

Communication - home - - them quickly to erase seller

get seller

in Changing Class Underground LotteClass Underground -

Was never cheated never cheated Was Was never cheated never cheated Was Sometimes the middle home so moved Seller and change Never Sellers/Being Cheated

Experience Experience - known seller for because long timea - did not spend a because lot - thus money man owes from buy directly - to change had - discount 25%

)

Times ( of Seller of Seller

Change Times 3 Never Never Changes Number

with Sellers Relationship Friends know Don’t

- - only know dealer is from the person district another for Close to seller 10 years

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Sellers Selecting Selecting Place bets bets Place mind Don’t Closeness Convenience Better rates rates Better

- with preferred seller - rewards - - in money transfer - than others

Sellers Summary of the Relationship and Communications Channels between Middle the between Summary of Channels Relationship and Communications 05 01

3 . 4 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Table Table

140904081 103 103

dealer Channels with Channels Sellers

Buy directly from from Buy directly to dealer message Line Telephone to buy directly, some Walk

Communication - - - - others allow cash require later to be made payment

% % 5 10

in Changing

If certain numbers are numbers are certain If Seller quit sellingSeller so give Some sellers give Some sellers Sellers/Being Cheated

Experience Experience - with bets other placed friends - gives not sold or dealer the reward only half would money, gambler seller change - discount None - discount

)

Times ( of Seller of Seller

times 3 3 sellers Buy from 3 Buy from sellers/ draw sellers/ Changes Alternate between between Alternate Number

with Sellers Relationship Friend same from People area from work Friend

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Sellers Selecting Selecting Friend Friend with all Close Choose seller seller Choose

- stillrelationship same buy from despite seller changing workplace - best who gives rates reward - sellers

11 09 08 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler

140904081 104 104

Channels with Channels Sellers

webpage

Ask sister to buy in Ask sister Line 2 friends workBuyat from Buy from Place bets through Line bets not Place dealer from Buy directly

Communication - message - - - of because fear of Facebook investigation -

in Changing None None % discount % 25 Sellers near home give home near Sellers Sellers/Being Cheated Experience Experience

)

Times ( of Seller of Seller

times

3 Never change Never change Never Changes Number

man - with Sellers Relationship Seller near home near Seller Friend from work Friend through Pass who is sister, middle

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Sellers Selecting Selecting Close Family do Family

together, together, for a familiar long time - relationship best Sister’s friend - business

4 1 15 12 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler

140904081

105

August 31, 2019) 31, August

class givesclass to importance - have the account, I have to

“Placing bets online requires input - sells because he used to accept bets. still have to meet. This is why my friend, n changing the seller because the gambler

reduction in prize money has no impact on

(personal communication, (personal f trade.” f educed educed from 500 baht to 450 baht or 400. The tote 3

The prize money that would be received from the dealer has reduced for almost almost for reduced has dealer the from received be would that money prize The Gambler Gambler 15, owner of holy relics business The results interviewThe of the indicated that the middle port the relationship by placing bets with many dealers in a draw. Sometimes they entertainment, while they do hope to win. The period of time for receiving the prize and and prize the receiving for time of period The win. to hope do they while entertainment, payment depends. This also has no impact o most. and safety, the relationship, the trust, friendship privacy, considers digits would be reduced from 100 baht to 90 baht. This shows that gamblers. The there reduction in prize are money enables the more dealers to accept more gamblers, while reducing prize money payment. The gambling at all. The gamblers don’t mind as long as they can enjoy the thrill for of those interviewed. For instance, the prize of 2 digits is 70 baht but the payment would would payment the but baht 70 is digits 2 of prize the instance, For interviewed. those of be 65 or 60 baht. The 3 digits is r districts districts do not know how to do this so they take and there sit to has He draw. the of day the on anywhere go cannot seller, a is who the bets. From what I know he is the major dealer in his district. He never asks me for o courtesy the is this payment, the the security of the system. In addition, I am not the expert in this profession. I just playjust I profession. this in expert the not am I addition, In system. the of security the for fun and that’s it. For my friend, I know he Bets convenient. more lot a is it Nowadays, faxed. numbers and paid to had bets Before other in People meet. to need no is There transferred. money and Line on placed be can of the credit card number. From what I heard from my payment from the credit so card we need to However, register. it friend; is a commitment that they would collect needs to be made. For me, I don’t want it. Although, I provide my bank account details. I don’t feel comfortable because I am not sure about would alternate between the dealers, with no concern about the rewards that they would they that rewards the about concern no with dealers, the between alternate would or discounts. receive maintaining the relationship. They honor one another. They do not need to make the They draw. next the at due amount the pay can they because credit the maintain to effort sup

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 106 106

Make Make -

Payment f Time Receive o Period Period If lose maybe get paid in maybe get lose 5 days If Can get money immediately money get Can money receive and Pay immediately

- - - credit to maintain Immediately no more than no more 1 day Immediately

baht for for baht baht for for baht (Tote) 3 Digits baht for for baht baht every 90 baht every 90 baht every Reduced 100 from to 90 baht

Make Payment Make -

every (Exact) 3 Digits baht for for baht baht every 500 baht 500 baht every for baht 500 baht for baht Reduced 450 from to 400 baht

UndergroundLottery 2 Digits 70 baht for for 70 baht baht every for 70 baht baht every for 70 baht baht every Period of Time Receive Time of Period he he

percentage and and percentage

n Winning i

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Highest Prize Money Highest Prize

Experience Experience Win 2 digits every draw 2 digitsWin every Sometimes win 3 digits 3 digits and received 500,000 Won numbers running play Don’t

- - - baht - don’t get because winning for chance lower has Win 2 digits for 100 baht get 7,000 2 digits baht 100 Win for baht numbers running play Don’t lot it a costs because and underground and 3 digits above win 200,000 baht

Experience in and Money Experience Prize Winning 08 01 05

4 . 4 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler Table Table

140904081 107 107

nd get Make Make -

Payment f Time Receive o

Period Period

money the next day after day after next the draw money the Cash Receive money immediately money or next Receive day Pay cash before lottery draw a

(Tote) 3 Digits

Reduced Reduced 100 from to 90 baht for baht baht every -

- (Exact) 3 Digits

Reduced Reduced 450 from to 400 baht for baht baht every -

Underground Lottery baht baht baht for baht

2 Digits every baht every Reduced Reduced 70 from to 65 baht for baht baht every sometimes 70 sometimes 65 sometimes 60 baht every for 60 baht

he he

n Winning i 2,000 baht and buy

–

running numbers NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 12 times in a year 12 times year in a

–

Highest Prize Money Highest Prize underground lottery 9000 baht underground

Experience Experience Don’t play numbers that are not that numbers play are Don’t times 5 consecutive within 3 Win 1,000 Place 8 Win Chose either above or above either Chose 50 for Play 2 digits alternately Not play 2 digitswon 300 baht Win and

baht each baht - sold - months - number) 3 digits (exact - Won Won - underground - - -

12 11 09 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation

140904081 108 108

Make Make

Payment f Time Receive o Period Period If they lose they pay the lose they they can before If Pay regularly the bet for regularly Pay 3 closes at Online bets PM Placing bets closes at 1PMat bets closes Placing of draw on the day money the Get

next bet (pay late one late bet) for bet (pay next - - - - -

baht for for baht (Tote) 3 Digits 90 baht every

- baht baht

(Exact) 3 Digits 450 every for baht

Underground Lottery 2 Digits 70 baht for for 70 baht baht every for 65 baht baht every

he he

t n Winning i

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Highest Prize Money Highest Prize

Experience Experience Don’t bet 3 digits because it bet 3 digits because is Don’t Won the most 65,000 2 digitsWon for

- to bet on 2 digits win only difficult year often 2 place a twice Win digits bets - baht

14 15 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation

140904081

109 rovide rovide

ambling that that ambling

classes. - s 6615. I place bets bets place I 6615. s

Class Gamblers - “My car license plate i plate license car “My - This results in a different logic in the strategy

ng on the needs of individuals. This depends on aw. aw. Some of them also buy government lottery with

many cars, they would rotate the bets. Usually they

class, which is different lower the which from class, - lates lates P ings indicate that underground lottery gamblers choose to buy buy to choose gamblers lottery underground that indicate ings Underground Lottery Middle Underground Lottery License License

1) the from are important viewed as are gamblersthat the to close Numbers owner shop retail 05, Gambler Taste of Taste

4.1.4 find research The The The research findings indicate that the gamblers’ experience in winning is is placed on 5 above for 100 baht and 3 digits that has 5 as one of the digits in any with the person I am pleased with. It doesn’t matter if I win or not. My most recent bet recent not. My most win or matter I doesn’t if pleased with. It am I person with the is no more than 2,000 baht. For 2 digits I would get 70 baht, 3 digits 500 baht, and 3 car car license plates. If they have would place bets on the license plate from their personal car. They also use dreams as vehicles such as between and cars motorcycles. the connection numbers numbers they do not like would be cut. bets of the middle placing for a a similar way or differently dependi calculation formula, interpretation of dreams, and expectations of the outcome, which would provide mental benefits for the investment. If the bets exceed the limit, the in the family, and age of family members, who numbers that they bet on every dr passed away. They have regular a has which gambling”, “cultured considered is This draw. every for numbers same the in numbers view Gamblers classes. lower the from numbers about perspective different numbers numbers from things around them such as license plates, home address, age of people regularly regularly in a high amount especially in the case of loyal clients, a discount might be g in tastes and techniques have gamblers the of some that found is It given. are different. Ultimately, they believe they have the luck in fortune seeking, which is to continue betting. have the tendency and to gamble do not quit. like They why they of the positions. If the number 5 appears as 1 or 2 or 3 of the digits, the gambler would would the gambler the digits, 3 of 1 or 2 or as 5 appears number the positions.If of the p not do and cash take only dealers the of Most invested. money the plus 300 get discounts for only running number bets. However, if bets are placed on 2 or 3 digits usually based on the 2 or 3 digits. They don’t prefer to bet on running numbers because numbers running on bet to prefer don’t They digits. 3 or 2 the on based usually it requires a high investment. Thus, it is not a worthy investment. For instance, if the bet

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

up - 110 (personal (personal August 23, 2019) August

er er when I get paid if I win. the seller, because the seller, because I am with happy

“People are now crazy about 22. It is numbers numbers from hermits. I don’t follow - “My home address is 173. My dad would would dad My 173. is address home “My -

ster’s degree, I would look at the class dates dates class the at look would I degree, ster’s (personal communication, (personal d that how could I forget such a number.” ecturer ke.” ke.”

August 11, 2019)

announced that 22 is not sold. Other numbers include 89, 98, 89, include numbers Other sold. not is 22 that announced the number was 85 from the motorcycle. The numbers are

Home Address Numbers Address Home August 16, 2019)

2) l university 11, Gambler Usually, gamblers would connect the winning numbers to the numbers in in numbers the to numbers winning the connect would gamblers Usually, Gambler Gambler 01 furniture store owner personal preference and taste. preference and personal confident. confident. I think this way linking the numbers to things around me like my father. I do not li I the numbers would not buy surrounding. individual’s the in factors many on depends number a buy to decision The There are not fixed rules. It is about the connection between the numbers that reflect trends such as people giving birth on cars. I don’t follow type of numbers. For instance, instance, For numbers. of type follow don’t I cars. on birth giving people as such trends if the winning license plate is 96, I don’t like 6 so I would buy 97 instead. I use news ma my studying was I When guidelines. as like 17. I like 7 so I would buy it. It is also my address number. I like 7 so I feel always always buy the number 173. I tried following him with the hopes of winning. For my personal preference, I follow the numbers given by monks not the mediums though. I prefer number given by monks and I also buy their lives such as address and car license plates. plates. license address such as car lives and their usually revolving around these. It might be numbers of certain residence in Bangkok. addresses I just like bet on the my numbers from my 3 houses. Last draw I was really disappointed. My son complaine communication, (personal in the news. Dealers have Dealers news. the in 12, and 21. don’tI understand why. I told the seller I don’t mind if they don’t take the bets. From past statistics, the winning numbers come from my address and pick truck number. Last time this person. I know everyone in the market so it doesn’t matter if I win or not.” or win I if matter doesn’t it so market the in everyone know I person. this communication, tote tote 90 baht. I would buy 615, 15, and 51. It doesn’t’ matt money the get might I win I instance, For after. days 5 made is payment the Sometimes right that away evening. is There no need to wait. seemsIt like the seller would pay in 25% get also advance. I with bets discount. I place

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

111 “I “I follow the number 89

. They give importance to – ge ge and monk floating. “The class underground lottery gambler gambler lottery underground class -

ve always bought this number since I got this car in the feeling of the middle the of feeling the not sold, I usually do not buy because I am at a disadvantage. a at am I because buy not do usually I sold, not August 16, 2019)

ular ular numbers don’t always win so they don’t buy all the time. Sold Numbers want to pay huge amounts of prize money if the not sold number

Not

Gambler Gambler 15, owner of holy relics business It depends on depends It Sometimes the not sold number is the same as in the dream. This is truly This is truly dream. in the as is the same number Sometimes the not sold 3) Research findings indicate that should gamblers prefer a number that ning number was 85. was ning number the not sold number From From 70 baht the reward is reduced to 35 baht. So I decided not to buy 89. From what the during issue important some from are win, that numbers the of 70% about observe I from from my CRV, which is 189. I ha February last year. I bought it every draw. I always told myself that if I did not buy it, the number might win. Last draw 89, was not sold number, which means I would get is it If won. it if reward less closely observed the phenomenon, they believe that the not sold numbers don’t usually don’t numbers sold not the that believe they phenomenon, the observed closely win. Sometimes, the reg the bets at all. not to place do not they better that they feel it amount, get the full is If entertaining to gamble. Although, the gamblers understand the business perspective that perspective business the understand gamblers the Although, gamble. to entertaining the dealer does not actually wins because this would exceed the limit. According to gamblers, who have I bought 56, which is not sold number so when I won I only got half the prize money.” prize the got only half won I I so when sold number bought 56, which is not I communication, (personal less it makes This today. numerous quite is which numbers, sold not about irritated feel numbers numbers they like, from their dreams, or are in their environment. Gambler 08, garage dream, his as same the was number sold not the that explained district, other from owner where he was talking to his friend and saw a Buddha ima Buddha image was 5 and monk 8. A snake is 5 and if it thesqueezes individual it is 6. the win coincidence. The research findings indicate that underground lottery gamblers are not interested in the not sold numbers featured in the media the not sold number ends up winning, some of the dealers might be unable to pay the reward money causing them to quit. Gambler 09, watch serviceman, explained that because to pay unable up ended dealer The wins. number not sold the when sometimes happens happens not be sold, they would find a way to bet on it anyway. I bets. the It place not did they if bad does feel would they not.However, or winnot they whether matter

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

112 August

. I follow

“Mostly “Mostly I got the -

August 25, 2019)

“I buy the age of my relatives my of age the buy “I - August 31, 2019)

(personal communication, (personal August 16, 2019)

“I buy age of the patient, deceased she she was 65 and it was the winning -

“I “I only share this formula with a few -

(personal communication, (personal certain numbers. They are determined that those numbers those that determined are They numbers. certain

in addition to their regular numbers. numbers. in addition regular to their (personal communication,(personal 3 digits exactly in the beginning of this year, which was 426. was which year, this of beginning the in exactly digits 3 (personal communication, (personal es gamblers place bets on the age of the monk, deceased family family on of the age the bets monk, deceased place gamblers es

s is true in Thailand, where the birthday of important people or Number from from calculations Number Age

ion on the day of the draw for instance Friday is 6 so Monday is 1. The Gamblers Gamblers have the taste to follow regular numbers. They feel that they 5) Gambler 09, watch serviceman Gambler 15, owner of holy relics business relics holy of owner 15, Gambler plate license car age, from made are interpretations that observed be can It Gambler Gambler 08, garage owner from the other district Gambler 12, owner of fabric shop 4) Sometim t they have derived from their own skills. This is the outstanding feature of feature outstanding the is This skills.own their from derived have they t class underground class gamblers. lottery -

people. It is similar to the one they share in the Line, but I have an additional tip. I take take I tip. additional an have I but Line, the in share they one the to similar is It people. into considerat want to win or are attached to attached are or win to want win. would definitely formula. formula. They would take numbers from other sources and decide to place bets on the tha numbers the middle number. Strange but true.” Strange number. own their have others while numbers, regular buy Some numbers. address and numbers, the room number won the won number room the money that at won prize time.” I like my grandmother. At the time of her death age age of the monk I respect such as Luang Phor Khoon and Luang Poo Tuad numbers.” types of these hospital the in was I when because is This number. room hospital and members, family combine combine with other factors in the environment that are out of the ordinary. Gamblers on these bets numbers place number from my dreams. If I don’t have any number in the dreams, I would buy the members, members, number on the hospital bed, and age of the sick patient. These numbers time of the draw. Thi their age would become not sold numbers. However, it does not mean that it always much.” too not is which 70%, at it put would I wins. 31, 2019)

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

113

August2019) 16,

(personal communication, 0. I buy them every draw. For instance, this draw I bought 825 ays, ays, I would buy only 20 baht. I have my steps in deciding to place bets.

and 260 every draw. If it is Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday I would buy 200 baht each. each. baht 200 buy would I Friday or Thursday, Wednesday, is it If draw. every 260 and If it is other d is all up to luck.” It number goes on 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 all week. We don’t know, which number will win so it is will win so it don’t is number which We know, all week. on 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 goes number also dependent on our own personal preference. I have 3 regular numbers, which are 704, 825, and 26 200x100. I don’t know if I will win. I just keep following until I die. I also bet on 704

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

114

Front Page Front Back Page Back

Calculation Paper Calculation

Numbers based on the Birthdate of Luang Phor Ngern Luang Prayers Numbers Phorand of Ngern based on the Birthdate

1 . Gambler 09, Watch Serviceman, 09, August 16, 2019 Serviceman, Watch Gambler 4 Figure Figure Source:

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

se se 115 with (personal

“In the last draw the winning number winning the draw last the “In as 58 underground. I bought 5, which which 5, bought I underground. 58 as - ted as 3, which is the same number like 6 and ir confidence. Respondents design their own

t is my belief. I think I always win though.” pecial favor. This is his secret formula that he does not normally share. share. normally not does he that formula secret his is This favor. pecial August 16, 2019) The formula for increasing or decreasing numbers

research research findings indicate that gamblers interpret the numbers from the the interpretation that is calculated on a separate piece of paper, which is

Gambler 08, garage owner in other district other in owner garage 08, Gambler The aforementioned example shows that placing bets on numbers depend on the the on depend numbers on bets placing that shows example aforementioned The The ts placed is a different issue. This is dependent entirely on the discretion of the communication, that come out in each draw is dependent on personal formulas. reiterates When their believes they and win boosts it the the special favor. a inform as and researcher formula vice vice versa. Sometimes 8 can be interpre 9. The number would then be 06 and it could be replaced with 9. After interpretation don’t is 49. any statistics. Sometimes, the result look at other don’t.I and win times I I It is not always successful but i 10. I usually choose the lower number. When it w it When number. lower the choose usually I 10. number The 43. and 49 likes mother My 4. be to it reduce and 5 choose I so 8 than less is 8 to can be increased 9 in the same way 5 can be So,4. if it is then 0 it be would 1 and not sold numbers do not usually win. They usually interpret the winning numbers the usually interpret not sold win. They do not usually numbers to their lives. related the factors was 006, which was not sold. I like 0 so I would buy one with zero. I might buy 01 or gamblers’ environment. the have to place bets to make first decision gamblers’ They then choo whether Also, not. or sold not is number the whether on depends also This numbers. the the number would win is totally Mostcoincidence. of the gamblers do not believe that the skill of the individual. There might be discrepancies depending on the individual. The respondent said that he often won. But he said that whether he gets a profit from the be individual. The The interpretation depends on the day of the lottery draw. This often. repeat The numbers the of numbers some that observed have be can It to table. the from be up picked depends on table on the “Birthdate of Luang Phor Ngern and Prayers” (Front Page) and “Perpetual and “Perpetual Page) (FrontPrayers” NgernPhor and Luang of “Birthdate the on table Winning Numbers” (Back Page). The respondent allowed the researcher to take this s a as photograph

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

by 116 class class - August 31, 2019)

Underground Lottery on class gamblers have a common - “Applications “Applications also give away good confidence. confidence. They feel that they are - - Place Place Bets on’t really look at them though. They would They though. them at look on’t really (personal communication,

to register to see information, I feel that it is a

ecome the norm ecome the society. in Thai cess it.” ecision ecision to D amblers’ amblers’ media literacy results from the lack of trust in rs create them to do business and often create new pages. They They pages. new create often and business do to them create rs Class Gamblers Class Gamblers - Media Media and the Middle take part in the decision making. They do not rely on the statistics because because statistics the on rely not do They making. decision the in part take

Underground Underground lottery g Underground lottery gamblers are highly concerned about their security. This is is This security. their about concerned highly are gamblers lottery Underground Gambler Gambler 15, owner of holy relics business The The research findings indicate that middle 4.1.5 than others, which is why they are lucky and win often. These people think that

ider ider probability. However, if the numbers that are popular do not fit or fit their phenomenon on social media b on social has phenomenon that gave out good numbers. The respondents explained that these pages did not last owne page The long. that would boast about the donations and winnings on their pages. However, this is not limited to underground lottery, thus it includes Laos and Hanoi lottery. These because because they are interested in content that gives numbers. But they are not willing to the risk. take pages join and friends their to listen gamblers experience, their From security. of terms on Facebook or on applications. But I don’t just look into any content. If would not look ac confident, or I I am not summarize the statistics. When I look at the details, they would invite me to place bets. place to me invite would they details, the at look I When statistics. the summarize Since, I don’t want to pay, I won’t look at them. I don’t buy because I am concerned about the security. If it requires me information for look sometimes I identity. my to connected be could it and commitment better gambling lottery win over underground the game. they can d phone). I the researcher (shows numbers dates dates they need to consider. Thus, there is no need to see back dated statistics. They cons favorite numbers would also affect their decision. The personality of underground lottery middle gamblers would be high self might also watch television and social trends from the conversations on social media. factors These important are there if consider they would Also, numbers. own favorite their have they character character by having a problem in their minds that they place bets on regularly. They

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

rs. rs. 117 nterpret nterpret ount for (personal (personal

ed on others. others. on ed sold. They could

d Laos lottery that ttery instead. instead. ttery

“The “The more the look at it, the more it is -

40 pages. I have seen that there is a person, who comes in to give to in comes who person, a is there that seen have I pages. 40 - August 25, 2019)

class class underground lottery gamblers is to enjoy themselves. They i To understand the economic and social phenomenon underground lottery From From the research findings, the researcher could conclude that the taste of Gambler Gambler 12, owner of fabric shop - uld be closed. A new page would be opened like this continuously. uru, and guru whatever. After that person could give a number. It might win in the about security and prefer and to risk anything. security not to about have gamblers do not indulge too much. They are reasonable and media literate realizing that realizing literate media and reasonable are They much. too indulge not do gamblers the reporters just did their duties. Every news station wants to present good numbe There are also those who create pages to Underground seek lottery gamblers donation seek information from carefully. They are the always doubting lucky winners. choose not to do so or accept the fact that if they placed the bet, they would get a lower lower a get would they bet, the placed they if that fact the accept or so do to not choose reward. The thrill is when reduced there are many not sold numbers causing irritation. or they might the dealer government lo change buy Therefore, However, they have a common belief in getting numbers from their environment. They They environment. their from numbers getting in belief common a have they However, are not interested in not sold numbers. The decision to buy it or not depends on their discretion. It is their choice to buy their favorite number if it is not middle follow. they When that they always number the environment the having from numbers and get a number. this to interpret use they would in life, their event important an have differ while way same the in things certain interpret might respondents The can can easily make a living like this. When the Facebook page starts to have issues, it wo communication, close close them in a repeated cycle. They easily make money by creating a good image to gain donation. For example, a person might open 3 Facebook pages being a guru, rich g Hanoi lottery then this person would ask for donations in exchange for the hint. They some good numbers. If the number happened to win, this person number would and give their account number asking for donations. They open donations. a Nowadays bank it is acc business. These people would open Facebook pages and scattered. scattered. I think it is important to have faith in myself. checking my luck When daily. There are ways I to do so gamble through Hanoi an it is like 30 on accessed be can

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 118 118

sold it the favorite sold it favorite the

Not SoldNot Numbers

If the number not the number If it not to buy prefer number, because itis not worth Not bet on not sold numbers unless unless on not soldNot bet numbers this case it in mind. In is number lottery preferred. is government

NumberMedia from Look at good numbers good numbers Look at page Facebook it watch Don’t

Statistics Not look and believe in in Not look and believe of own sources information believe Don’t buy many Don’t it not worth numbers

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

license plate license ) Source NumberSource Motorcycle license placeMotorcycle address Home friends Follow client Follow of membersAge family plate license Car Dreams Car Regularly buy 2 and 3 Regularly

( digits - - - - - father) of dead (age - - -

Source of Numbers, Opinion about Statistics, Numbers from Media, and Not Sold Numbers and of Media, Statistics, from OpinionSource Numbers, about Numbers 05 01

5 . 4 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Table Table

140904081 119

119

government lottery

Not SoldNot Numbers If certain numbers are not numbers sold,are certain If In case it is favorite number but it case is favorite In not sold or have to pay number If Not interested Not interested Buys only when not sold not numbers Buys only when

change seller change - - to buy prefer - in dreams are - much would not invest - the would of bet, half for rather

Depends on Depends Watch good numbers Watch PM Watch in Not interested from number Not use Number Media from

in PM Not interested car’s license plate car’s - which in government, Get numbers from from numbers Get television but believes more dreams - on Line message - - media from numbers - dreams -

ula

Statistics

Don’t consult statistics Don’t the number, Reduce

Remember statistics statistics Remember - that the but believes keep numbers same winning - form personal has statistics and Check of number the power day statistics look at Don’t

dreams

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Source NumberSource regular numbers regular Follow monks numbers Follow plates license car not like 6 7 and like Number from takien tree from takien Number from dreams interpret 3 others Follow Dream of friends, of friends, Dream number fromnumber medium Interpret from from Interpret

------PM, interpret and snakes, numbers

12 09 11 08 Designation Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler

140904081 120

120

Not SoldNot Numbers These numbers to issued are These

protect the dealer. It is irritating. dealer. the It protect -

creates blind faith creates uses Government on would IG Search of the 80% Number Media from

this era is usually the this era numbers same - - to lottery underground popularity gain indirectly - in many result lottery underground results number - lottery underground important from comes events

Statistics Don’t look at statistics look at Don’t

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Source NumberSource Interpret dreams, fish is Interpret Age of deceased family of deceased Age Birth date Birth date from holy relicsNumber Month of birth plate license Car

- members - 8 number - - - -

14 Designation Gambler Gambler

140904081

121 121

e numbers.

Not SoldNot Numbers

These numbers seen in the are These usually thes buy Don’t

- news. -

Free numbers numbers Free that provide Page Number Media from

- for recommendations lottery government - to lucky numbers debts remove

Statistics Don’t look at statistics look at Don’t

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Source NumberSource Scratch trees Scratch lucky that presents Page Interpret dreams Interpret

- - - numbers

15 Designation Gambler Gambler

140904081

” 122

of the

class have a good social and -

class underground lottery gamblers is -

Underground Lottery Gambling

with

ey ey can remember. “It is up to the interpretation. For …………………….. he millionaire plant. Sometimes while eating we would see would we eating while Sometimes plant. millionaire he Class - ssociated A s Dream Interpretation Dream

Middle

m dreams, beliefs in major Buddhist days as a good day to win with Interpretation Interpretation of dreams might include situations, people, or even pets. 1) Belief

cidents. They believe this sort of numbers don’t usually win. The decision to The decision win. usually don’t numbersof sort this believe They cidents. The The research findings indicate that the middle 4.1.6 The The interviews reveal that the numbers the gamblers expect would win are the Watching television or massinterviews or television included media instance winners of Watching for te. The multiplication (x) sign when calculated from 500 baht for tote would mean comes comes on underground and rarely above the ground.” (Gambler 08, garage August 16, 2019) owner, instance, instance, we could dream of snakes, birds, chicken, and turtle. Bird is 1; chicken is 9; turtle is 4; and dog is 9. In my family when the dog in the house gives birth, my mom t have also We wins. always usually plant the from number The 37. or 35, 32, see can We leaves. the on number the double numbers, and numbers from candle drops candle numbers drops from and in holy double numbers, water. Gamblers would connect what th economic economic standing. They give importance to the system of thoughts, analysis, interpersonal communications for gambling and before placing bets. They would interpret information fro instance 42 might be reversed to be 24. There is the decision to buy 3 exact numbers or numbers exact 3 buy to decision the is There 24. be to reversed be might 42 instance 3 to 1,000 baht. The search for numbers of middle seeking has that to the society. strongroots in Thai culture of fortune connected numbers numbers they have in mind. They would connect this to good things in their life such as new car, home address, or monk advice. There are few, who rejoice in misfortunes ac as such for numbers the with around play to choose Some individual. the on depends bets place these these numbers because it comes from misfortune. Usually, it does not win Garage 16, 2019) owner, 08, August (Gambler either. “PM “PM is aged 42 so buy 42. The address 500 is played I it. bought 34/5 I so like so I number the buy is This 26. is the which numbers, Kamchanote number. Some listen to x 500 for 25. I won 500, which is from a major accident. I don’t usually like to bet on

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

123 “When I was a child, I would

- ople follow the behavior of their e e bodhi tree and put powder so that “Usually people ask the bodhi tree. When I -

August 31, 2019)

bers er was sick so they came to look for numbers. When wder wder and would see numbers. There are 10 people in class class underground lottery gamblers. This is a culture

banana banana has a weird fruit. We would count it and maybe put

nterpreted nterpreted in regards to the numbers becoming a part of their long as they can remember. They grow up in families where people Scratching Num Scratching

The The research findings indicate that pe Gambler 08, garage owner Gambler Gambler 14, private company employee 2) The research findings indicate that scratching trees for numbers is a (personal communication,(personal We like to sneak around the village to find numbers. There are many holy sites sites holy many are There numbers. find to village the around sneak to like We

and and ask the trees for numbers. They sometimes bring powder or interpret from

look for numbers, say the follow so we never won again after that. It was a family that also owned a garage. They They garage. a owned also that family a was It that. after again won never we so follow out are of business now. The own grant would angels The them. feed to not tradition the is It food. brought they won they always we us For numbers. give not would they full, are they If to. want they if wish, the was awas kid there was bodhi behind house. the tree So, told my aunt to ask theI tree. We won 9 times in a row. We use po my family. Nine of them won 9 times in a row. After the ninth time others started to of the fortune seeking activity of the community. It is done regularly as part of the Thai Thai the of part as regularly done is It community. the of activity seeking fortune the of lifestyle. People usually ask for numbers from th see clearly the number. they can the bark. Others bring joss ticks and candles. Others bring number squares that produce produce that squares number bring Others candles. and ticks joss bring Others bark. the numbers.” role models, which are family or people in the community. Gambling becomes a part at night. at the about us tell would win always who Those numbers. for ask can we where Surin, in place that is particularly accurate. When a place becomes famous people would go to scratch thing. Everything is i even in adulthood.conversation together go would dad and mom My trunks. tree from numbers for scratch and go to like behavior behavior since as gamble on underground lottery. Community members also gamble. Everywhere they common a becomes it point the to conversation the of part is It gambling. are people turn common common activity among middle that has been passed on for generations. Some of the gamblers have absorbed this

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

124 August 16, ecause they ecause

llenge, where onally onally predict makes them feel class parents and their My mom came back and -

ommunication, id he won dozens of times by won 200 baht. I went only one one only went baht. I 200 won

(personal (personal c

“I went Nakhon Sawan to the place where - August 16, 2019)

The The research findings indicate that middle From From the anecdote above, it could be seen that gamblers have beliefs Gambler 08, garage owner erpretations erpretations regarding the number. They can brag about their numbers and

iated iated to their luck. For instance, they know what kind of offerings to make and the beliefs in numbers and b is the this numbers, giving deny to techniques special are There conversation. concept that numbers would change due to the the winning numbers. Almost all of the respondents believe that telling numbers to It personal. is luck the that believe They winning. of chances their reduce would others is a special charm that cannot be passed or shared with others. This This be copied. an combines specialability because that cannot they have that they are but rather the experience of going on a trip together. It becomes a cha people try their luck. This is evident in the explanation regarding why he won and that others did not. The respondent the feels proud to be accepted. respondent gives He also gained the reputation as a guru, thus receiving the task to occasi 2019) activity main the not is numbers for Scratching behavior. seeking number have children told them there was this number. They did not believe her. reversed it. She won 200 baht. I went there once only because it is very far. The walk have I So, it too time are is consuming. a lot way people. of also is 10 km. There alone decided to look for numbers close by instead.” We We had to go to Nakhon Sawan early in the morning. There is a very famous monk, who is 98 years old. There was a soldier their too. He sa scratching the trees. But only my mom won 200 baht. My friends did not win. There mom My luck. no had girlfriend his and friend My driver. the including us of five were experiences, thus gaining acceptance in their social circles. thus social gaining in their circles. acceptance experiences, numbers. I get to flock people of thousands of hundreds dark. and deep was path The went. who us, of 4 were There far. quite is it because time keeping keeping the number a secret from others, otherwise they would not win continuously. This joint experience with friends in adventuring to find numbers is fun, when they make int powder. powder. We do the stuff that you see in communication, (personal the clips that are being passed around.” assoc

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

125 often win,

did not want to

e psychology that psychology e

s should not be related. be not should s ist Lent, the numbers (personal communication, (personal baht coin from Rama I or - “I have always heard about it. it. about heard always have “I -

“I have heard people talking about it. But But it. about talking people heard have “I -

“During the Buddh -

the same number would come out twice on Buddhist days. August 31, 2019)

Double Digits on Buddhist Days Digits on Buddhist Double Buddhist Lent as a Lucky Day Buddhist a as Lent

Gambler 09, watch serviceman watch 09, Gambler The The research findings indicate that most of the people would relate the business relics holy of owner 15, Gambler Gambler Gambler 08, garage owner 4) 3) indicates research thatThe there is a belief among those, who if the Buddhist day is the same day as lottery drawing, there is a low

y people, who think like this. Personally, I think double numbers are rare.” class class underground lottery gamblers take into consideration such stories in - I don’t think it is like that. The Buddhist day and double number double and day Buddhist The that. like is it think don’t I probability in matching it. There are on average 1 Buddhist day per week and there are there and week per day 1 Buddhist average on are There it. matching in probability there However, probability. low a is there Statistically, month. a days drawing lottery 2 are man communication, (personal When When asked if this is true, I think double often. not numbers but possible is do it think I come days. Buddhist before out. out come have Even numbers double recently the I think that Middle placing their bets. However, double numbers are rare coincidence. pure Buddhist holidays are and having them occur on August 16, 2019) story that double digits or received received would particularly be more accurate. There are those who get numbers from the takien tree or whatever tree. They would use the five whatever coin. They would take this coin along and get the number. I to.” had business,of I out went they since but dealer change motivates them to want to seek for more fortune. The feeling of winning over the dealer dealer the over winning of feeling The fortune. more for seek to want to them motivates makes them feel more motivator. These people would talk about it to everyone and themselves. reveal openly that during the Buddhist Lent there is a higher chance to win. This is another belief on one’s own personal experience to the point that the dealer did not have enough money haveth Gamblers business.of out went dealer the result, As a pay. to believe believe that numbers would change. As a result, the other person in the conversation to get the number to try find to way own. would have a on their

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

f is 126 er they er (personal (personal e e water, while ne to see. On that On see. to ne

class underground lottery -

August 16, 2019)

“At “At Sikiew there is a monk, who has a

(personal communication, (personal

would be removed from the Line group. In addition, they have to have they addition, In group. Line the from removed be would

Candle Drops in Holy Water in Holy Drops Candle August 23, 2019)

role role is the granter of wealth through the power of supernatural powers.

In In this study the researcher collected data from visiting the medium of Gambler Gambler 11, university lecturer 5) Research findings indicate that middle class class underground lottery gamblers. The medium tries to give numbers to the - the medium as explained explained following section. in the as the medium The Line group would share this information. When some people win, they would make make would they win, people some When information. this share would group Line The merit with the medium. However, if they do not keep their promise, they would be person The punished. post about their winning on Facebook. This would inform others about the holiness of Guan Guan Yin. The researcher used participative observation in order to interact with the middle followers. The are many followers. It does not mean that the bowl is there for everyo for there is bowl the that mean not does It followers. many are day some of my friends saw 6 and communication, 9 but I don’t like these numbers.” begging begging bowl with holy water in it. He would drip the candle into th praying. After some time, he would invite the followers to see the bowl and receive there because numbers the at looking spend they time the checks He fortune. good their individuals that eventually they would be the one, who would win Rath monk. the from in faith lose among not would they win, the not do they if However, friends. would say that their luck might come eventually. They don’t miss the chance to travel their fortune. seek and curiosity. The monk would give numbers to their followers. The respondents explained explained respondents The followers. their to numbers give would monk The curiosity. water. holy the in numbers the interpret to together come followers as experiences their Gamblers believe that the ability to see numbers depends on each person. With th of hope the is It win. would someone that possibility a is there interpretation, in variety gamblers gamblers would come together with their friends. They do not numbers that really fit their own ideas. expect They travel to the good monk to get numbers more out o However, However, some people believe that. I think such double numbers might appear after every 5 draws. I think they are not easy to come by and I Buddhist either.” days don’t think it comes on

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127 127

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Conversations between Medium with the Medium with of Group Conversations Line Followers between

2 . 4 Personal Line group, January 1, 2020 1, group, Line January Personal

Note: Figure Figure

140904081

128

Lottery Money from from Money Underground When win When When win When money Use

- to would give gift give children, to mobile phone - bring lottery out to friends celebrate - winning to from merit make

Monks/

Class Underground LotteryClass Underground - rom Trees f

Temples/ Scratch Temples/ Scratch Continue scratching Continue scratching Beliefs from from Beliefs

- trees Superstitious license Only buy car plate

Make Make

4 draws

pig head pig head - Luck/ iscretion. iscretion. Wishes

the power to warn the members regarding their behavior. Failure Failure behavior. their regarding members the warn to power the

Would offer Would in luck Believe Believe in luck in luck Believe go to make Don’t a wish and Make

Beliefs inBeliefs - guardian house to the spirit - often wins because only misses 3 - like fortune because seeking - to win wishes - to quit if win offered prize

08 01 05 Gamblers Summarization of Beliefs Held by MiddleSummarization Held of Beliefs

wers wers individually before the rewards would be announced for each of the 6 . The The group has its own rules and conditions for members as indicated by the 4 Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler Table Table to comply with the group’s regulations would be result in removal from the group. If they want the lucky numbers, they need to respect “Grandma” or Guan Yin. Belief in d is personal the medium draws. draws. The medium would show closeness and commitment that encourages posts. Punishment is the banishment of thefollowers from group. This would result in losing has medium The face. medium, who would explain that it was up to the people to believe in the numbers given. given. numbers the in believe to people the to up was it that explain would who medium, with confirm to Line the in communicate would medium The voluntary. something is It the follo

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

129

Lottery

Money from from Money Underground Make merit merit Make in merit Make celebrate Don’t Hot money that Treat friends Treat Celebrate with Celebrate

friends - with hermit - orphanages - - used to be needs or merit to make on give away and Facebook Line - staff, and bring bring and staff, to celebrate staff meal) (special -

Monks/ maintain

rom Trees

Temples/ Scratch Temples/ Scratch Interpret from candle from Interpret Number from Number from Sikew Number a wish toMake win in believe Don’t Lucky number number from Lucky bet on the Don’t draw lottery On the from takien Number Beliefs from from Beliefs

supernatural powers supernatural but bets on license tree - medium - hermit - bowl drops in begging - Monkey with Black Hermit - - or not monk (travel on distance) depends - dead from number people - to have day good mood -

Make Make

Buddhist luck and luck and Luck/

Wishes

Winning depends on depends Winning Believe in being a in being a Believe is Gambling Believe in luck in luck Believe in Believe Believe in dream Believe in winning Believe a wish butMade did

Offer alms to alms Offer

Beliefs inBeliefs - luck money won would be would be money won merit to make used - person hopeful - luck check considered up not win - merit accumulate - - - interpretation - of start every Lent -

14 12 09 11 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

130

Lottery Money from from Money Underground Part of money is of Part in friends Treat

- merit for used making - office

Underground Underground Lottery

Monks/ research research findings reveal that

rom Trees eelings eelings of The f - F Temples/ Scratch Temples/ Scratch Scratch trees since since trees Scratch Beliefs from from Beliefs

plate after transporting after transporting plate images Buddha large - young age

Make Make

motions motions and E Luck/

Wishes bout their win. They would celebrate with their friends and post post friends and their with celebrate bout would They win. their with with their actions. The image projected is of winning in the

Expressions Expressions of Happiness Believe in luck in luck Believe

Beliefs inBeliefs - 1) Expressing Gamblers

15 4.1.7 Underground lottery gamblers want to win and when they do so, they want to Gambler Gambler Designation following section. following section. Some would post just for fun that they have lostfriends. their among their have they bet post Some just fun that would for underground lottery gamblers want to present their excitement as winners, who have won the prize money. They would celebrate on their special day as explained in the relationship. relationship. They respondents use words that show that they do not believe that there is anything wrong government lottery. If they win only the underground lottery, they would not post. express express their feelings of excitement. They use communicate interpersonal communications on and their social media. They a and brag relationship create online identity to support lottery to maintain They winning their government would post as it Facebook. on their the

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131

Facebook Posts of Gamblers, who Won the Government Lottery Won who the Government Posts of Gamblers, Facebook

3 . 4

Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

132 iewed iewed as August 16, 2019)

rtune that has to be sacrificed to others “I make merit at the hermit’s place. They place. hermit’s the at merit make “I - “I would like to choose the numbers I like. like. I numbers the choose to like would “I

- hether hether they win or not, they would make (personal communication, “I “I got exact 3 digits with a bet of 1,000 baht -

The research findings indicate that respondents express express respondents that indicate findings research The - August 16, 2019)

e e and Friendship Home. I divide the donation in half for each tion, Merit making Merit

Gambler 05, retail shop owner shop retail 05, Gambler lecturer university 11, Gambler 2) The The gamblers present the image of their celebrations and happiness on Gambler Gambler 08, garage owner Celebration Celebration on special occasions with their employees and friends. This e e 500,000 baht. I treated people for a total of 5,000 baht, even without se this money to make merit.” this se money merit.” to make It It is reciprocated in nature, where they support one another. Some of the

Ratchasima Ratchasima Orphanag I do it for fun so I did not do it would make for so win, fun right So profits. merit I I thinkI when about I u always. I Nakhon the at merit made also I baht. 1,000 made I utilities. the for box donation a have sellers sellers based on the relationship, strong ties. merit The making would the happen after money is collected from the dealer. It is a fo through not gained it work. was since their identity, with no wish for benefits. People would like to present and communicate and present to like would People benefits. for wish no with identity, their through interpersonal communications. W merit. The choice is who would benefit from the merit making. Gamblers choose the family in times of economic crisis. The money would enable the family environment to to environment family the enable would money The crisis. economic of times in family be happy again with better livelihood. This becomes the occasion to show off their to able by being in daily life. such afford food wealth Facebook. They would show how they gave things to others. The respondents used such such used respondents The others. to things gave they how show would They Facebook. behaviors to reiterate their gambler identity in the eyes of others. They are v wealthy, having many employees, and have good luck. They are the anchor of the so I got som gave They baht. 000 580, money, the got eventually children My yet. money the getting me one mobile phone and then bought mobile phones for each of communica (personal the employees.” winners do have big celebrations even if they have not yet received the money from the from money the received yet not have they if even celebrations big have do winners sellers. depends on the money that they won. Some, who don’t place high bets would only treat treat only would bets high place don’t who Some, won. they that money the on depends their treat would they much, too win don’t who Some, all. at treat not or coffee to others friends.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

133 (personal (personal t believes that he has the (personal (personal communication,

“Placing bets on the phone is not as Class Underground Lottery Class Underground Lottery - - that gamblers express their loses as something something as loses their express gamblers that

If there is winning there is also losing. The fun is is fun The losing. also is there winning is there If - f Middle he bet on a winning number. Some of them when o

Identity Identity

Feelings of sadness of Feelings

August 23, 2019)

Expressing Gamblers Gambler Gambler 09, watch serviceman The The researcher found that some of the respondents believe that by 3) express express themselves as gamblers and would give money for free to those

y should make more merit. This makes it easier because it is an additional n just the expression of happiness and sadness. They express themselves as

The The respondent bet on the stock market and played dummy regularly. This 4.1.8 The research findings indicate that the expression of identity of gamblers is ment, room rent, and fuel. Thus, the money expenditure in placing underground money. who join their activities. They do not think too much. do not think too They much. activities. who join their person had the experience since their youth. The responden he wouldconsiders it sinful He luck in gambling. this because as give to others money more more tha givers. They would celebrate, give people around them, and treating a special meal. It could be observed that members in social media might distribute money on Facebook. They would exciting. I exciting. preferI to buy from the seller directly. When win, I would I brag about it but when I lose, I just keep quiet. It is just human instinct.” August 16, 2019) sadness, when they want a number and ended up not buying it. The result is the feeling feeling the is result The it. notbuying up ended and number a they want when sadness, of sadness comes from not placing t days. a few for they do not talk to others they lose, lottery bets does not affect the livelihood of the gamblers. the gamblers. does not affect livelihood the of bets lottery show results The winning. about only not of feelings express they sometimes however fun, for play just gamblers of Some funny. income to their monthly wages. It is part of the expenses that they need to make. Losing Losing make. to need they that expenses the of part is It wages. monthly their to income money in placing bets is like other monthly expenses such as baby milk, pampers, car install place. place. No one gets a free lunch so I would like to pass on the good will.” communication, winning the

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134

e e are only 2 draws in , when I , get when I money, would I wishers wishers of friends. They accept - August 2019). 25,

“Underground “Underground lottery has two draws a month. -

(personal communication, (personal

In In addition to the interview, the researcher observed the situation on Facebook Gambler Gambler 12, fabric shop owner dentity dentity in the online social media. They allow their friends to post comments on ove ove the ground. These posts would express the regulations for presenting their Facebook Facebook in advance, which included guessing the winning numbers, which was 20. The Facebook owner contacted the winners through the chat box and transferred the money. ab comments. In case they wanted to invite someone special, they would be contacted in the chat box. The method for creating network of well their i belonging belonging to the gamblers. The observation shows that gamblers project the image as would post to to join They givers. friends their show activities with them to get money from the winning of the 2 digits underground. Sometimes the gambler wins 3 digits cannot cannot be predicted. There is no way to fromexpect it. So donate the money. I would keep 10% for instance if I get 10,000 baht, I would give like that 1,000 baht There There are 22 days of stock trading, it Therefore, lottery. is Malay in invest also I Hanoi. incomparable. and Laos in bet can people Ther so Thailand options lottery Underground than more are trading. stock There every bets day. place I

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135

Activities Post on Facebook to Friends to Invite Them to Join the Profit Sharing to to Post Join Sharing Them the Profit on Facebook to Friends Invite

4 . 4 Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

136 class class underground -

class from the other classes. other the from class -

19 - 19, the government lottery had postponed two draws on April - identity have both similarities and differences. In the social dimension, social the In differences. and similarities both have identity n. However, if they lose too much money, they no longer want to play. Post on Facebook to Friends to Invite Them to Join the Profit Sharing to to Post Join Sharing Them the Profit on Facebook to Friends Invite Activities during CovidActivities during

en en they win the underground lottery. This includes treating their friends and 5 .

The The research indicated that the expression of the middle

After After the Covid 4 . need, need, wh middle the differentiates aspect cultural This merit. making topics. topics. Underground lottery becomes an activity promoting friendship creating identity of fu an The belief in luck supports the hope in winning at the lottery underground to create an in those helping generosity of feeling a of creation the is there Also, remedy. emotional lottery gamblers gamblers lottery gamblers place bets for entertainment, support their friends, and develop conversation Figure Figure 1 and May 2 to May 16, 2020. Gamblers changed the activities for their friends to base base friendsto their for activities the changed Gamblers 16, 2020. May to 2 May and 1 following the in presented as 2020 2, May on lottery Bank Savings Government the on it images

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- ing ing s of 137 hemselves as is just not yet their t could be concluded that middle hen they win. Others like to post when post to like Others win. they hen

class class gamblers proudly present themselves as skillful and more -

Underground Underground lottery gamblers present themselves on social media through In terms of the identity presentation of gamblers, the researcher has categorized has researcher the gamblers, of presentation identity the of terms In good relations. good relations. they lose. Most of them post in a way that people government lottery. They would tell their close friends through Line that they would actually think that they won the won the underground lottery. From the research, i gamblers not very are class They only present open. information sufficient to maintain luck to win. Sometimes the gamblers believe that their luck with the seller and dealer might along well. not get w post don’t some while post to like Some posts. media. media. The research findings indicate that in reality, gamblers present t to find manner. to trees in a reasonable Travelling scratch and ingambling moderation numbers is an activity to make friends. Winning or not is not that important because it is all about luck. Thus, they rationalize that not winning means it number. social on and reality in presentation the includes This groups. two into phenomenon this Their social circles got them started in the gambling habit in the first place. In term In place. first the in habit gambling the in started got them circles social Their economics, this group does not place bets until they run out of money creating social problems. The middle capable than others. Thus, they achieve the status as guru in predicting the winn

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

138 Underground Underground n Social Media n o Class - representation of representation -

Self Underground Lottery UndergroundLottery Gamblers Usually post when lose postUsually when post media on social Don’t messages with friendsLine Don’t post media on social Don’t messages with friendsLine

- money - - - -

4 - close

underground underground

n Real Lifen Real

i representation of representation -

Self

If lose money, it is money, just lose about luck If If lose for many times, start for times, lose start many If Share formula with friends, happy Share with friends trees Scratch of self reveal with no fear Openly Accept bets without taking Accept cultural groups, Join volunteer Don’t tell family members, who members, tell family Don’t only missed in luck, 3 Believe lose upset when money Get Believe that just gamble a bit that just a gamble Believe family bets from and Accept Admit gamble on Admit gamble Underground Lottery GamblersUndergroundLottery

- lucky give friends when numbers - - believes in dealer because the police protection - - commission - not to wanting bet - talk about Cross, Red and council, lottery underground - about actual gambling, oppose spent amount - draws - - lottery - - friends

Summarization of the Identity Presentation Middle of Summarization of the Identity 08 05 01 Lottery Gamblers Lottery

7 . 4 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler Table Table

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

139

n Social Media n o representation of representation -

Self Underground Lottery UndergroundLottery Gamblers Will post when win lottery win lottery postWill when prize money away Give on

Facebook for the 3 years. for past Facebook make the right friends guess If - 2 had winning when (posted tickets) lottery - None

bad. It bad. It

n Real Lifen Real i representation of representation -

Self If lose will be quiet for will be lose 7 days If Gamblers steal at money a young Gamblers if people care would as Don’t see Don’t see as placing bets see placing on as Don’t is hope, lottery Underground Underground lottery is not lottery a Underground with friends, topic Conversation that believe gamblingDon’t on Express self that guru as friends Express Proudthat recommended numbers by not safety Maintain carrying Underground Lottery GamblersUndergroundLottery

winning is good, losing is normal, normal, winning is good, losing is that gain much will as never realize spent money as - home at in shops and age - gambler underground lottery is negative as is negative lottery as underground well duties perform long as still can - is lottery underground on limiting of amount depends the money spent. - the bill, afraid of police the bill, afraid - - offence gambling serious - limited to to talk a group, choose bets placing don’t accept - - lucky to consult about need every draw for numbers - with celebrating friends win even -

12 11 09 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler

Designation Gambler

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

140

n Social Media n o representation of representation -

Self Underground Lottery UndergroundLottery Gamblers Post when lose but rarely Post lose but rarely when When will not post on social When

conversation with friends conversation - on 3 or 2 digits, will transfer 2 digits,willon 3 or transfer away money right - media win would post, the frequent If of topic a wins become

not drawn

n Real Lifen Real i representation of representation -

case of risk case Self

View underground lottery underground View sellers yet win often, placing view Don’t Placing bets on underground Placing money each the bets for Clearing Don’t send messages on Don’t Facebook in various media social Member topic Conversation Bet on underground on underground andBet to buy Lao andAsk friend Hanoi Underground Lottery GamblersUndergroundLottery

although topic Conversation the

- for means making normal more as income - and investment as an play to bets back money get - gambling is notlottery a major it is because issue everyday - manners is considered and draw face keeping - reasons safety for - such as in the province groups of commerce chamber - - win do not always numbers - lottery have because government hope - do not dare to reveal on line, lottery in self

15 14 Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Designation

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

141 class class - n Social Media n o representation of representation - Self Underground Lottery UndergroundLottery Gamblers class class underground lottery gamblers -

n the company

n Real Lifen Real i representation of representation -

Self It is a regular payment like is regular payment a other It Conversation topic in the in the topic Conversation on bets that place Open Underground Lottery GamblersUndergroundLottery

- expenses - thing, it is common a company, plays it everyone - believe police lottery, underground i arrest make won’t

d how they through presented are the media. This is explained in the following The The research findings indicate that middle Designation

and thir and section. express their identity in three ways. First is from the perspective them view othershow is second The themselves. at look that gamblers lottery underground middle

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

142

class Underground Lottery Identity class Gamblers Underground - Middle

6 . The The research findings indicated that underground lottery gamblers do not view 4 is a white type of gambling that does not affect anyone. In Thai society shops would be be would shops society Thai In anyone. affect not does that gambling of type white a is the over all results the for waiting be would People draw. lottery the of day the on quiet Figure Figure It spend. they that expenses the control can they because is This gambling. serious as it

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

143

h bets legal bets h d form of

he Groundhe Lottery t Ground Lottery

Towards Above Towards class Underground Lottery Gamblers towards Underground towards class Gamblers Lottery -

amblers towards above amblers towards Attitude Attitude G Underground Underground lottery will never die because it would pay more gives discounts and It means that underground the above it bringing in lottery interest is there why is which gambling, is not a ba of part everyday as life. ground Underground lottery would remain in Thai society, it cannot remove Support above the ground lottery because it has higher prize lottery underground money than No opinion not sold are that Support no numbers lottery lottery underground the ground would destroy Above the ground lottery Support above

Perspective of Perspective lottery should be legalized as as shouldlottery following table.explained in the be legalized

12 14 15 01 05 08 09 11 Underground Lottery Business Underground Summarization of Middle

8 class class and have been gambling for at least 5 These people years. have capital in . 4.1.9 Research findings are collected from underground lottery gamblers from the - 4 of knowledge, skills, and experience in gambling. They have the money to place to place the money have in gambling. They skills, experience and of knowledge, Designation her. Their view towards the underground lottery occupation is not a violent crime. violent a not is occupation lottery underground the towards view Their her. Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Gambler Table Table It It is a means to gain income to improve their family livelihood. This sustainable good income is sometimes used for underground education. Most of the respondents agree that terms terms bets on underground lottery with the people group to ability ability the have to also people These friends. use their and sellers communications with connect technology to toget middle country. This is a national past time and the media would wait to present the news about, about, news the present to wait would media the and time past national a is This country. suc make to idea the has government the addition, In prize. big the won who income. to increase

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

144 Class Class -

lements lements in the network are related. class class underground lottery gamblers - twork twork that is related to the identity of

there is an effort to bring the underground y to be a new dealer because it depends on tly and indirectly. Mass media and online social and and Communication Network of Middle class class underground lottery gamblers is not different -

egarding egarding the communications network. The study aims ities Ident “ when when the government decides to resume. They believe that the

Gamblers”, Gamblers”, indicate that all e

o Lott class class gamblers have a good income. They enjoy above the ground and class underground lottery gamblers. gamblers. lottery underground class The research findings in terms of middle The The research, The The perspective of middle - - Part 2 Communications Network of Underground Lottery Gamblers

t sold numbers. However, they do not believe that underground lottery would be class class gamblers. The goal is to study, who stops numbers from being sold and create a communications network both direc identity connects to the issue r to explore the connection between major dealers, smaller dealers, sellers, and middle culture, culture, and symbolism among those in the ne middle 4.2 support one another. Therefore, it is not eas skills and connections that is earned through courageous actions. They need willingly to to take be the risks. Also, it requires capital in terms of economics, society, a long time and use the language that is understood among their group. This is likely to likely is This group. their among understood is that language the use and time long a expand online. Under the capitalist system, lottery above the ground. However, this has not been successful because underground lottery proprietors have their own communications network. They have benefits that government would not abolish the lottery easily because it is a good income. would not because abolish easily lottery government the Underground Each unit has its own and know role their responsibility. They the network forsupport Middle underground lottery. When the drawing of the lottery are but lottery government was the for wait to have not do postponed, They channels. other on gambled they simply ready to return to it, no eradicated from Thai society. This is because people are familiar with discounts and bets whileplacing paying Above the later. ground tends to have money. higher reward believe respondents The Thailand. in circuit lottery underground the in all are they since that bringing the bets above ground would make it more convenient and get rid of the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

145

lacing lacing bets on ould travel to places, ase. ase. This type of news is normal in Thai society. information on mass media and social media is given media social following figure. in the and media on mass information to join such activities strengthens the ties in the group. They would wish each other well in auspicious occasions. The win underground lottery is a normal thing. The media presents winning of the government reinforces the fact that p lottery not the underground lottery. The presentation of underground lottery themselves. themselves. They would provide information or share news on their Facebook and Instagram. Most of them communicate through Line. Some w where they have heard can give accurate numbers, such as temples and trees. Coming media media present luck numbers such as the license plates of politicians, royalty important days, year of birth of famous monks, number of dead people, famous people winning big, or the 30 million baht lottery c When the gamblers receive the information they would communicate among

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

146 class class - different places depending on the situation. This situation. the on depending places different n some draws they might consider numbers from is dependent on the individual that might have some have might that individual the on dependent is

terviews, the researcher observed that middle

Communications Access to Information from Mass Media/Social Media and Level of Access Media/Social Mass and to Media Information from

7 . The The research findings indicate that gamblers cannot split the various levels of 4 of winning in each of the draws. Some of the gamblers would ask their friends to place place friendsto their ask would gamblers the of Some the draws. of each in winning of bets online for them. From the in the mass media for their decision. This depends on the satisfaction and emotions. In some draws they might place bets with a certain dealer and change in the next coming in placed be can Bets later. again back depends on the confidence in the number and its source. There is also the expectation communications. This is because it because is This communications. common characteristics. Gamblers might seek information from one source during a personal in engage might They draw. next the for more in searching while draw, certain and interpersonal communications. I

Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

he he

the 147 relationship relationship

class class underground lottery - class sellersclass - paying money paying - class sellers, source of numbers, money numbers, of source sellers, class - bets/winning/being bets/winning/being cheated/mistakes/prize

people people share information before, during, and after

business/period business/period of time, money in circulation/draw, payment of Experience Experience in receiving middle and dealers of Beliefs by dealer middle self and of Expression Source Source of dealer business and middle The relationship between sellers/dealers, communications channels class gamblers with sellers, techniques in placing bets, -

3) 4) 5) 1) 2)

paying money - In In this second part of the report and communications network of the The The results from interviewing 1 dealer and 6 sellers about the network results derground lottery business. They might change to become government officials. This This officials. government become to change might They business. lottery derground om interest in doing business for benefits. The direct benefit is money, while the money/not sold numbers/duration of time of receiving money/not sold numbers/duration money statistics, in winning, bets, experience beliefs, prize and placing for between between middle placing in technique (times), dealers changing times of number sellers/dealers, between bets, communications with seller, experience, prize money, receiving and duration of time sellers, sellers, start of the gambling placing and other of location bets, bribes, individual. findings as the would gamblers, lottery the researcher follows: present underground business business provides continuous profit. Despite un this some of underground selling from gained the money that guilt the felt still respondent the sellers because is quit the lottery is not a legal. Thus, it did not contribute to the value and integrity of t indirect benefit is influence. Some of the people in this business create soft power. They power. soft create business this in people the of Some influence. is benefit indirect have sufficient money to pay prize money in advance for the major dealer. In case sellers the of Some advance. in dealer to made be would payment pay, not did gamblers also give out loans gaining additional income from interest. The underground lottery is important to assess the trust level. level. the trust is important to assess fr gamblers gamblers worked hard to keep their privacy online when talking to strangers. They would not bets place with people they do not They placingknow. emphasize bets with people in their social circles. These It media. which through and who with communications the on depends This gambling.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

148 “In the “In -

The The research - August 20, 2019)

Class Seller - The The most important thing for - important factor stimulating dealers dealers stimulating factor important ke me rich. I asked, who was a seller and seller a was who asked, I rich. me ke “I did do so because I followed my friends friends my followed I because so do did “I

(personal communication, (personal term. - t was an easy way to make money. It can be said that l bets.” l bets.”

s where there are other people gambling on underground August 12, 2019) hrough hrough curiosity. For instance, they would get money from

rculation money. This is the beginning of the cycle that would oney oney used in placing bets/draw M Start Start Sales of Underground Lottery/Period of Selling Perspective Perspective of dealer and sellers towards the underground lottery ot gamble. I saw my mother and grandmother placing bets. I would

Seller 04, government official government 04, Seller 2) Gambler and seller 06, student and seller of agricultural products agricultural of seller studentand 06, seller and Gambler and Business Dealer Middle for of the Source 1) 6)

4.2.1 most the that indicate findings research The receiving receiving bets is the ci but because the colleagues in the office gambled. I just why so wondered many people gambled. I the in the office colleagues but because ma would seller a being thought I bets. placed asked how to get commissions. Then I decided to start selling underground lottery.” communication, (personal make make the payments for them. I would know that they placed bets like 2,000 baht and actually pay 1,800 baht. I wonder why learned to sel commission I then they got the discount. This became my common practice everywhere. practice common beginning I did n submitting the list of numbers. This made them curious betting people and many there are where places in work people the of Somebets. receiving want to continuously on underground lottery because i anyone who wanted to sell could do so and buy when they wanted to. This becomes a remember, remember, or work in place status economic build and income, more get to order in bets receiving in interest lottery, for self and family. This increases when people in the family gamble. The passed habit on to the children is t order to maintain wealth long to maintain in the order findings indicate that the start of the selling underground lottery comes from people around them. When they are in the environment with gamblers since they could and and sellers to do underground business is the desire to get more money. They would in family the from the business inherit and life, income, additional better a to have like business

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

149 August August

40,000 baht/month. The mother, (personal communication, (personal - “When I received bets, I made about made about I received bets, “When I - In explaining the status of people, who have a wide wide a have who people, of status the explaining In - old underground lottery for 30 years. The children s from his father having 80 branches for placing bets. He y and accurately. Skill, personality, and having a respectable hem more money than their job. They have the idea that selling selling that idea the have They job. their than money more hem , owner of online business online of , owner time job, selling underground lottery was supplementary income supplementary was lottery underground selling job, time out making payments. This might include the dealer cheating or - lit from her, I would get a monthly income. Later I took one seller one took I Later income. monthly a get would I her, from lit siness for 8 years makes 35,000 went back to helping my mother.” my helping to back went Payment of bribes of Payment

3) Seller 02 Seller

200,000 baht. I would get 5% from underground lottery, which is 5,000 baht. - 80 sellers 80 sellers and enable placing bets sellers,to who smaller villagers. are are There as - 60 social social network, there is only one underground lottery person. busines This respondent inherited his father’s expanded his business to 200 branches in all of the districts in Korat. There are about from from my mother so when this person cheated me and ran away, I had to quit. I could not take it anymore because I had to pay 200,000 baht per person. I chose not to do it I anymore. myself 12, 2019) 150,000 I get 10,000Nowadays about took 1 When the baht. sellers from of the 13I my sellers sp not did I If mother. reputation reputation is important to build trust among gamblers. Therefore, it is not everyone, who could be successful seller with high circulation money of 500,000 baht/month for long time. a baht/month. This family also s successful. not was but had, mother the sellers, 13 the from seller 1 inherited generation Thus, it can be said that receiving bets has to be associated with the accounting skills to clear the money quickl reason reason the children generation would inherit their parents’ business. For instance, the owner of online bu who is an accountant at a garage for 40 years has an income of 50,000 baht/month. In addition, they have a home rental business and mortgage collection of 300,000 respondents had a full a had respondents t earned sometimes that underground lottery is better than putting money in the bank for interest. This is the last for a long time. The clients need because to seller the to be important is bets confident receiving for money circulation and The immediately. receive the prize money there are problems ab the gambler refusing to pay, for which the seller has to be responsible. All of the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

150 y have have y ce ce receive August 22, 2019)

10,000 baht. We also pay the -

uit. No one likes it and no one is continuing (personal communication, (personal “In “In each draw, I receive bets for about 30 - “I “I have 5 children (2 wives). All of them are - Rayong, Rayong, my son still is operating in Korat. As

August 22, 2019)

yers, thus he became one of the major dealers in Nakhon ld be swept away. For instance, if people file complaint about Dealer Dealer 10, factory owner However, However, when the people in power change, the dealer might have to Dealer Dealer 10, factory owner e arrest,e they just need show to their card. willThe know police that they from are trict trict and hire my own employees. Some of them don’t want to study so hireI them. lexible and can change depending on the situation. They are willing to lose their social, social, their lose to willing are They situation. the on depending change can and lexible time changed the police in Korat have made it tougher to clear things, Rayong is easier. easier. is Rayong things, clear to tougher it made have Korat in police the changed time who there, is brother influential.” have a I involved involved in lottery underground but they q not does think he now. I years 2 for it doing is who child, one only have I business. my like to continue doing this but I won’t stop. We have split our different business operations. Once so I moved to we run the capability to anyclear problems for their team case members. In the poli bribes for protection, they would make sure that the underground lottery business can benefits. mutual successfully for operated be their power or choose to reduce their influence depending on the relationship the relationship the on depending influence their reduce to choose or power their with the police, who should have sufficient rank and power to protect them. Dealers big connections with that they have to express their honor acceptance identity for need move. For instance, one of the dealers had instance, one dealers move. For to moveof the to Rayong because they police had protection there. Thus, dealers are not attached to certain locations. The network if f economic, and symbolic capital. The research findings indicate that dealers can show underground lottery, the police will come to investigate. When they know it is us, they it they know is When us, they the to investigate. lottery, willcome police underground would ignore and not make any arrests. We can communication, (personal sell underground lottery freely.” mak our house. In each district we headquarters another pay 400,000 about baht. We 5,000 have special privileges in making complaints sure wou all dis I have one employee, who is now the head of the office at Bua Yai District. There we have a network of about 100 people. Everyone has a police card. If the police come to many thousands of bu Northeast and in the past. Ratchasima million baht, which is the most in Korat and in the northeast. rent I a building in every

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

151 5,000 5,000 -

indicate indicate that if the

7,000 baht

2 days/month but get a good –

4,000

–

10,000 baht

– terview revealed that each of them did not did them of each that revealed terview The The research findings

“Suppose “Suppose I am in Korat and I move to - - 5,000 baht

– mputer. mputer. We can enter at night. No one will see the police. Most of them do not aim to inherit the toinherit aim not do them Mostof police. the 60 people

time staff hired 6 days/month. They would receive receive would They days/month. 6 hired staff time - – In the underground lottery business, the dealer has to has dealer the business, lottery underground the In

- ory owner August 22, 2019) 400 baht/day

in District/draw –

time staff time staff many expenses. When compared to the revenue, it is more than worth worth than more is it revenue, the to compared When expenses. many - Location Location for placing bets Other expenses Other

Gambler Gambler 10, fact 5) Employee in center/draw Employee district/draw Building in each rent of Center Head center in major Staff Part The inheritance of major dealers by their children has been adapted to 4) In terms of other sellers, the in the sellers, other of terms In (personal communication,(personal baht/person in finding sellers. There are 3 employees, who are paid 3,000

us.” us.” Bangkok. I could live with my friend and bring my staff only on the days of the lottery lottery of the days the onlyon mystaff bring and friend withmy live could I Bangkok. draw. This would be about 5,000 or 10,000 baht, which my friend would accept. All I need is an airconditioned room and co for for the network. They only work on underground lottery the all to work satisfied are members team the and complicated nothing is There profit. time. They do not need to have a fixed place and pay the police, which reduces the have they may past. in the had influence dealer does not pay the police, they would not be able to openly have a center to accept accept to center a have openly to able be not would they police, the pay not does dealer secret in continuously bets placing of location the change to have would they Thus, bets. employment of staff. There are part are There staff. of employment 200 Thebaht. seller would give discounts to those helping to sell underground suchlottery bets free. for allowing to place as be responsible for for responsible be as have that depend many on the sales follows: expenses fixed it. dealers Major business business and are not attached to any power. They simply want additional income for family. their and themselves pay pay the police. The dealer promised that they can clear everything with the police. If they get caught, they pay to each clear time. Thus, many of them keep their business a pay to not need do they that so secret

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 152 y give 65 August 12,

Laos Laos lottery ing weekends. This is reful to hide. I would have to l communication, (persona “I to pay have the police and people in - The research findings indicate that some of the -

time regular students to study dur - Other Other gambling

Other Other sellers would receive bets during the day. If they need to contact 6) Gambler 04, governmentGambler official The research findings indicate that selling underground lottery is a career career a is lottery underground selling that indicate findings research The

70 baht. This is because online sellers can distribute commission from get a would also they digits, might a gambler 2 win the that consider their bets. Thus, when they placing of bets. than traditional is more would get They 20 baht, which the win. about respondents respondents are both gamblers and sellers. They also place their bets on (every Wednesday) and Hanoi lottery (everyday). In addition, they also place bets on s1.huay.com, which is an online system that gives higher onl rewards dealers while 90 baht, at money prize 2 digits The system pays channels. than traditional people from other districts, they can communicate directly. Thus, the sellers might have have might sellers the Thus, directly. communicate can they districts, other from people to change from being full lottery. underground selling from revenue gain to ways find to want sellers the because government office. The office. people collecting the bets government get my sister do not and so anything I give them the chance to place bets for free.” 2019) my office to facilitate the placing of bets. I need to be ca stop and stay at home to receive bets because the gamblers don’t dare come to the that requires maintenance of reputation and social standing. For instance, government stay to have might They sales. the facilitate to alliances and network create can officials at bets to accept home home. at

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

153 kee. There are also -

espondent espondent places bets on horse racing as

ebsite W s1.huay.com d international lottery such as Laos, Hanoi, and Yee

8 . The The study of s1.huay.com indicates that there are many gambling options have Dealers gambling in their blood. Some bet regularly in the casino with an 4 well well as having connection to football gambling. Thus, it further. connection grows the business, gray in the involved can be said once one is trading, trading, an gamblers. the formulas attract that calculation enticing income of 30 million baht. In addition, this r Figure Figure stock lottery, government Thai for offers are There interest. the on depending available

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

154

154 Seeking Fortune Fortune None bets Accept

- - lotto for Loxley

Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location At home At office Mother’s

- -

% 20

Other Expenses Other Charge from commission seller

Bribes

Payment of of Payment No police police No bribes pay Not

- connection -

class Sellers class - 000 , baht/ baht/

200

000 , Money in Money 10 draw get profit profit get draw

/ Circulation/Draw Mother received bets bets received Mother generation Children bets eceive - draw baht/ of 500,000 - r baht about draw

)

ans month

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 ,000 baht ,000 40 Time Selling - 000 , Children generation view view generation Children Mother has been selling for for selling been has Mother underground sold Mother Children generation sell sell generation Children

Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning (300,000 baht/ month) baht/ (300,000 – than return better has it that in bank money saving - 8 years for online products (35 - to split children 30 years, business their own have - income additional as lottery a in accountant job as for her (50,000 years 40 for garage rental, home month), baht/ lo and pawn property,

Summary of Business Source Dealers and BusinessSummary Dealers Middle of Source 02

9 . 4 Designation Gambler Gambler Table Table

140904081

155

000 ,

5 155 -

Seeking Fortune Fortune 000 Hanoi Hanoi gambling Lottery Laos lottery Laos ,

- lottery - at online s1.huay.com - 4 baht None -

)

Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location On some draws On some draws Office Office

Close during Close during (government (government agency) - to leave take bets at collect home from Transfer to classes regular classes weekend Beauty salon Beauty ( bets sending -

of sales of sales

% Help sister and sister and Help Receive from Receive Other Expenses Other

he rest 15% rest he 25 - bets to place get as free for compensation 20% Pay commission to sellers Get 25% from 25% from Get and 10% clients t -

Bribes Payment of of Payment ponsible If not pay not pay If People in the People

Dealer have Dealer protection police Dealer is wife of Dealer officer police (both old and dealer) new - will be dealer res - would office police if warn the so that come hide can sellers

baht

000 ,

baht receive receive baht 100

- Money in Money commission or

000 000 % , Circulation/Draw Started to receive to receive Started

100, 25 25,000 baht - in bets 90,000 baht 3,000 baht and remains 50

years 3

years ago

6 income income - 7 years, - 5

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 years ) 3

Time Selling

Accept bets for Accept Accept bets for 10 years bets for Accept to present

Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning income, want to be rich rich to be want income, - Stop for back Came ( buy underground Sell and 6 for lottery (mother members family accepting bets increased increased bets accepting by only 12,000 income baht - studying master’s since many in people degree, extra gamble, want office Beauty salon Beauty 40,000 bahtfrom reduced to 10,000 baht and

Designation and seller seller and 06 Gambler Gambler Seller and seller seller and 03 Gambler Gambler

140904081

)

sted

156 ki - th 156

Seeking ,000 baht Fortune Fortune Have Have Won 5 Won lottery Laos

- possibility to play yee lotto online on Sell set Facebook, sells out in 2 days Not intere in Laos/ lottery Hanoi - 4 tickets prize (70 - 4 digits 1 set win 120 baht 100,000 baht

Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location During lunch lunch During bets place Can

- breaks - anywhere to sell underground lottery

Hire siblings Hire Other Expenses Other

- to friends and the check help numbers

Bribes Payment of of Payment Have Have connections

000 ,

30 - 000 , Money in Money 10

Circulation/Draw Get monthbaht/

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Time Selling

Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning Receive bets for bets a over Receive year and grandmother) get get grandmother) and commission so sell it for income additional

Designation and seller seller and 07 Gambler Gambler

140904081

157

157 Seeking Fortune Fortune bet on horse on horse bet have Play cards at at Play cards

- racing - football gambling network because because trust doesn’t - casino regularly 30 earning million baht

Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location Home Home

000 , 4

80 sellers 80 sellers timers 400 timers baht

– Center heads Center 60 employees Part 60 People at center at People rental/ Office ,000 Other Expenses Other

- baht/ 10,000 earn draw - main in the center - day per baht - sales 8% of get - 5,000 baht - district 7

40,000 10,000 - Bribes

Payment of of Payment Father pays pays Father ,000

- 5 and head baht quarters baht

,000,000 30 Money in Money Circulation/Draw Father 1,500,000 1,500,000 Father about

- district per baht - draw per baht

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Time Selling Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning years), generation children years), 3 years Inherit from father (30 father from Inherit

10 Designation Dealer Dealer

140904081

158

158 Seeking Fortune Fortune Sell lottery Play Hanoi lottery Laos Don’t Don’t

- - online lottery at everyday 18:30 hrs - every online Wednesday, won 4,000 Laos baht. - gamble

000

10 - Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location 000 Home Home friends Home location for Pay ,

baht/ monthbaht/ - - in different keep provinces, changing - 5

200 6

% 10

work 5,000 baht/ 5,000 baht/ month) - (

/ 000 Sellers get get Sellers 3 Pay Other Expenses Other

days Deduct clients from - head per baht - employees 3, draw

Bribes Payment of of Payment Don’t pay Don’t Some people

- monthly bribes - with would clear and police bill later collect never was None by arrested police

000 ,

- 20

baht/ draw baht/ ,000 Money in Money 000 000 , , Circulation/Draw 6 About 10 million

- draw 7,000,000 baht/ - monthbaht/ salon is hair Mother she and honor the bets accepts Sell about 30

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Time Selling Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning Accept bets friend in for Accept the old job to increase income Receive bets for bets 3 years Receive gambles Family Children generation generation Children

Designation and seller seller and 13 Gambler Gambler

140904081

159 159

Seeking Fortune Fortune lottery has 2, has lottery and 3, 4 exact tote

Placing Bets Placing Location for for Location

Other Expenses Other

Bribes Payment of of Payment

Money in Money Circulation/Draw

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Time Selling Beginning Selling/Period of Selling/Period Beginning

Designation

140904081

160 August 25, 25, August

“In “In the beginning, I placed -

(personal communication, (personal “As far as I know, there is a major dealer major a is there know, I as far “As - lers lers would choose to place bets with dealers that Class Underground Lottery Gamblers with Sellers If If there are those, who help to sell, they would get a -

ertain numbers or when the dealer has reached the limits. It can It limits. the reached has dealer the when or numbers ertain it can be said that the sellers and major dealers do not have any

and Techniques for Placing Bets for and Techniques Relationship between Sellers/Dealers, Channel of Communications between Middle ame, they have ame, other they channel have options in to order maintain customer their all all Thai. It is a way to distribute the bets, which is still much better than

200 baht. When I started working at my second job, I met a colleague who ot know the major dealer personally. The dealer might accept bets for - re than 20,000 baht bets in each draw.” draw.” each in bets baht20,000 than re Gambler 02, owner of online business online of owner 02, Gambler The The interview shows that sellers are close to small dealers. They might only Gambler Gambler and seller 13, private company employee The The research indicate that sel 4.2.2

ut 100 gamblers gamblers are saving money in the bank to get interest. I think it depends on the connection. For seen seen them. Thus, relationship. in Cambodia because the Thai dealer would be arrested. I send to Cambodia but the know information about the major dealer in terms of location for placing bets. However, However, bets. placing for location of terms in dealer major the about information know they do n Cambodian lottery. Some of them work in the Toyota dealership or are major dealers in Nonthai or Pimai districts. The sellers only hear about the dealers but have never about mo about 2019) abo sold underground lottery. They showed me that I would get a percentage. My friends as me to help placing bets then my family too. I have about 10 clients now so I have Some dealers have deadlines for placing bets. If the sellers want to place bets outside of this time fr from income more want they because sellers selecting in rules have not do Dealers base. network. their percent of the sales. The sellers are regulars. They don’t usually change dealers, unless dealers, change usually don’t Theyregulars. are The sellers sales. the of percent they have been cheated. Sometimes they might have to distribute the bets, because the c accept not does dealer be said that the sellers still use the same channels to place underground lottery bets. they are close to. This includes colleagues, relatives, friends, and family network. If such trustworthy be to appears who someone choose would seller the close, not are they as the wife of police officers.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

161 w. The w. he way he paying, paying, - tionship or August 20,

time in Sampeng during (personal communication, (personal - The The research findings indicate - (personal (personal communication, “I “I work part -

the profit and loss.” in the system, trust, and experience of the dealers in receiving receiving in dealers the of experience and trust, system, the in e e they might have many people betting on certain numbers.

rtain rtain numbers. Thus, when there are problems, I would be time dealers. time dealers. - 5,000 baht. Once the results are out, I would deposit the prize money prize the deposit would I out, are results the Once baht. 5,000 Relationship between sellers/dealers -

er, despite not knowing them for a for not knowing them long time.er, despite The research findings indicate that the seller’s decision to place bets with with bets place to decision seller’s the that indicate findings research The Gambler Gambler and seller 07, student 1)

uld place bets in Malay because it is close to the border.” border.” the to close is it because Malay in bets place uld bets with deal bets a a certain dealer depends on many factors. These include trust, rate of receiving of rate trust, include These factors. many on depends dealer certain a purchase limiting in rules bets. The most important thing is channel for placing bets that has to be convenient, exclusive, and no problems. Fulfilling these criteria would entice the sellers to place numbers numbers that people cannot buy. It is also important how much the dealer would pay, which needs to consider 2019) instance, twoinstance, I have that numbers tohas be capped 10,000 baht the each, dealer would distribute the bets becaus certain on bets the stopping to similar is it system, the in bets many too are there When immediately. immediately. I sell bets and won 300,000 baht, which I got immediately. I know the dealer in Sampeng, who has been doing this for decades. Also, my dealer does not usually stop buying ce involved. It is my job to send the bets to the dealer, such as the one in Sampeng. For weak tie with small tie weak lottery, underground selling started I When them. trust not did I past the In break. school 4,000 about sold I sufficient funds to pay on behalf of the gamblers, who pay the bet in the next dra next the in bet the pay who gamblers, the of behalf on pay to funds sufficient sellers because is This tie. strong a is sellers and dealers the small between relationship are the middle man between the minor dealer and gamblers. Most of the people don’t have a relationship with small dealers. Some might have a superficial rela that sellers/dealers consider their relationship. They trust one another based on t on based another one trust They relationship. their consider sellers/dealers that they pay prize money. Most of the dealers would pay after the day of the draw. Some of the dealers would expect the seller to pay in advance. The sellers need to have instance, this is the Cambodian connection, but let’s say if I know someone in the south, south, the in someone know I if say let’s but connection, Cambodian the is this instance, co I August 12, 2019)

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

162 would give

en they feel that feel they en t pay for the bets ance. ance. Some of the et et as much as 5,000 rk. They are able to The The research findings

class underground lottery lottery underground class – - “Let’s say I am the dealer with 30 with dealer the am I say “Let’s -

From From the interview it is found that each -

other benefits to middle to benefits other

August 12, 2019)

y would use marketing tactics to offer prize money to the ase their sales.ase their

echniques echniques in Placing Bets T Changing Changing the seller (number of times)

From From the aforementioned example, it could be observed that special 3) business online of owner 02, Gambler 2) (personal communication,(personal gamblers. gamblers. This would result in increases of sales, if the dealer provides more prize others. money than privileges privileges of sellers there are benefits of making advance payments of prize money to the money. of the prize from win. They get money cut who also gamblers, In the case of the dealer, the people people place bets with me and get 20%. They might choose not to give any discount; thus, they get the difference. In case the gambler wins, they also get 5 baht. The more they sell, the more they would get. If they get 5 baht they would g baht.” a a 3% discount but if the dealer does not give me anything, I would lose that money. I take I while 20, take might dealer The sellers. the of care take to responsibility the have 7. From this money I might have to provide credit by paying in adv in order to maintain or incre to maintain in order sellers. I would distribute the bets to others. I might receive bets from only 27 sellers, who also make a cut of 3%. For instance, I have 30 but I have 27 sellers. I of the sellers try to offer discounts or or discounts offer to try sellers the of gamblers the most. This includes services such as distributing bets to various dealers, sellers other than money prize more pay or time, on pay who those to discount providing try other dealers. The sellers do not break the relationship with their clients because they might come back in the next draws. Unless the gamblers do no placed. In this case they might not talk to them or not allow them to place any further their clear unless they debts. bets allowed to communicate the reasons for reducing the prize money. Usually they have a have they Usually money. prize the reducing for reasons the communicate to allowed wh sellers the change might gamblers The understanding. mutual good every time they place bets with this person, they do not win. Sometimes they want to indicate indicate that sellers do not usually change dealers unless they Dealers have on been the other cheated. hand do not cut sellers from their maintain netwo strong relationships for decades. These people are given discounts or are

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

e ts. ts. 163 y will will y (personal (personal communication, “Marketing “Marketing from the center has to be done. -

sell at a high price or 27% pay 70 baht. For me, I would pay

rom dreams and ghosts of suicide victims. These numbers take on take numbers These victims. and ghosts of suicide rom dreams ng numbers. “Small timers would take numbers that have been

the money to pay, thus making sure that both parties have enough esearch esearch findings in the first part show that most of the dealers do not t the least they would get some commission. They have dealers, who

Usually Usually sellers do not place bets on running numbers. The dealers have R When there are a large number of gamblers, major dealers would use their use would dealers major gamblers, of number large a are there When Dealer Dealer 10, factory owner

2019) which which are 17, 71, 07, 70, 27, 72, 37, and 73. They have a total of 19 numbers so each the so baht 42 win would they so baht 798 spend would They baht. 12 of bet a has get a total of 2,940 baht. They would have to pay 3,000 baht with additional 60 baht. See the profit that is received, if it is worth it.” (Dealer 10, Factory owner, August 22, “Suppose “Suppose 7 is coming in the running number. If they bet 1,000 they might 3,000 baht. If they play above the ground, they get 3,000 baht, which would be divided sellers. They would pay by 2 digits at 70 70 baht for every baht bet. For instance, they hav to place bets on 42 baht. If they have 7 as running number, they need to play 19 slots, money to pay creating peace of mind. peace creating money to pay techniques in taking running number bets. The dealers would distribute the 2 digi provide discounts to gamblers, who place bets on running numbers even if they place a place they if even numbers running on bets place who gamblers, to discounts provide large bet. Sellers usually claim that dealers create rules that Gamblers have need to be followed. past numbers come f numbers come past district each in number the Nowadays, occurrence. the on depending meanings different owner, factory 10, (Dealer Line.” through communications the to due different be might August 22, 2019) baht. They do not distribute the bets unless the bets exceed the limit. However, I usually I However, limit. the exceed bets the unless bets the distribute not do They baht. take all bets. A make interpretations. For instance, they might have exchanges. Suppose the numbers in Rayong might place bets in Korat. This is because the numbers are different. In the skills in interpreti million 1 about receive who dealers, small usually are These dealers. the by interpreted Usually Usually the sellers would 80 baht but that depends on the sellers, who get only 8%.” August 22, 2019)

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 164 face - to -

values values are codes. For instance, the any any notebooks to use. They might sell perience. It is sufficient to know how to to to know how is sufficient perience. It calculate calculate the profit and loss. Thus, any s from the districts would bring the bets to the way way communication. The major dealer has the - sending bets to major sellers and small timers, who who timers, small and sellers major to bets sending -

el network.el dealers the The set rules indicate the numbers that and Channel Channel of Communications and Underground Lottery Sellers be paid immediately or no more than 3 days. This transfer can be made be can transfer This days. 3 than more no or immediately paid be

roup. roup. They are responsible for the distribution of money to sellers and The research findings indicate that the dealers’ communications network network communications dealers’ the that indicate findings research The When When it is the time to deliver the bets, motorcycle delivery would be Major Major dealers in the past use a notebook with codes to indicate sellers. 4) d in answering questions quickly. Making quick transfers would deter selling bets in the past was done through fax, phone, and face - ving power power in the g staff in the team. It is the communications network that one of the members would in the form of form in the a whe receiving for rules The sold. not are are based in the districts. It is a one placed after 2 PM, would be done by phone. The bets placed would be entered into the into the entered would be placed bets The by phone. after 2 PM, would be done placed computer system quickly. The dealer would could it that so quickly system the by deleted be would number that full, is that number distributed dealers. to other be made made with black bags. All of the seller center. Bets would be delivered three times at 10 AM, 12 PM, and 2 PM. Any bets placed placed by dealer 28. The empty book could be ripped. Let’s say there are 200 people, the code would be 200. It is up to them how m 10 to 20 notebooks/draw. I would need to prepare that for them.” (Dealer 10, factory 22, 2019) August owner, write, write, dealers would do everything. This includes clearing the police and providing equipment. Dealers would need to take the bets in notebook because each of would them indicate the total value of the bets. These seller is 28, the stamp be would 28, 28. So, 28. will dealer the know that these bets are service service min dealers. with their bets other changing minds from to place clients ex previous do not need to have people “These money, it has to has it money, on Line. Sellers would the inform gamblers of the not sold numbers. This is viewed as the stimulator for interest. Alternative channels are developed with the need to have a Recei interaction with sellers. Today the bets convenience. They need to keep the evidence for buyers can and sellers. In terms of prize be placed on Line because of its

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

n 165

Chawanuan Chawanuan

ons Network of Dealers and

uld contact many different dealers. Each

ork of underground lottery gamblers cannot be

159).

Radial personal network personal Radial personal network Interlocking , p.

1) 2) ue power. They are the leader or the group. This is because this person is is this person because is This group. the or leader the are power. They ue Sellers Characteristics Characteristics of the Wheel Communicati

9 . 4 With With regards to underground lottery in the modern era, it is found that sellers The The research findings indicate that communications network of underground The communications netw just above or underground. They would need to indicate above and underground by adding multiplication (x) such as 50x50. This means 50 baht for above and 50 baht are are in no rush to collect money from the gamblers. This is a respect to their personal tha more is there bets placing In relationship. mutual the to honor an shows It feelings. channels. channels. Each of the sellers do not contact each other personal network. In the same vein as sellers wo evidenced in the radial interlocking an personal have network, dealers is in with line of the which (1999 Kananukul categorized categorized in any particular form. Sellers connect with gamblers through various into types two be follows: categorized as can gamblers lottery Figure Figure distribute the news to other members. The person in the center of the group is the one, tr the has who group. of the and highest success benefit the responsible for the only person

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

166

class Underground Lottery Gambler and Lottery and class Gambler Underground -

ir communications. The researcher took part in gambling on the

Line MessageLine Middle between

Seller 10 .

4 Figure Figure images. images. underground underground totaling 100 baht. The gambler and language seller in understand the this common underground lottery. The seller would tell, which numbers are not sold so gambler can that make the decision the to place the bets in Line as indicated in the following

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

167

n convenience, the use of August 20, 2019)

the use of computer programs in ke photograph. I can fill it directly directly it fill can I photograph. ke

er would also indicate, which numbers numbers which indicate, also would er “It is“It the secret of the sellers. We have our own

- 7 million 7 baht, million which could 10 reach million baht. - (personal communication,(personal

it could be seen that the seller gave the gambler 10%

4.10 enter enter the system one day before the lottery draw. The system would

ation ation is high as as 6

research research findings indicate that sellers would submit the bets through the heir bets bets soon as possible.heir as Gambler sellerand Gambler 07, student Later Later dealers hired programmers to calculate for them. This is because the The The The research findings indicate that there is From Figure online. Let’s say I will enter the 2 digits and how much bet is placed. This can be done done be This can is placed. much bet will enter the 2 digits how and I say Let’s online. pictures.” for No need directly. to place t to place into information my enter to have I Facebook. into getting like is It password. and code ta and write Others write. to need don’t I system. the The The seller must close at 6 PM. When the hasdealer received the bets to the limit, the system would be need sellers the therefore deadline, the before closed be could it that means This closed. lose money. lose money. computer program developed by the dealer, which would be locked using a password given). not (URL website a through bets the submit to have would They limit. time and money in circul When the bets are keyed into the program, the betsreceiving because it has reached the limit. Therefore, there is dealer almost no chance to would know when to stop risk. When they receive the bets placed from many sources, they have 20 employees that key the data on 20 computers. creates This others. than advanced In more seem dealer the makes technology order information to maintai in the network. dealer to the members profit and more draws. This further strengthens the relationship in the underground lottery lottery network. in underground the This further relationship strengthens the draws. their to reduce in order programs DOS used in the past dealers major bets. The placing indicating the time the bet was received. The sell The received. was bet the time the indicating are not sold. As can be observed the seller is not in a hurry to collect the money for 2

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

168 enefit would be in the hands hands the in be would enefit

This way there is a competition among sellers. The b The sellers. among competition a is there way This of the dealer because money would be available before the lottery draw. Thus, sellers develop and trust build to need Dealers before. day 1 bets their submit to encouraged are expansive network. fairly a

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 169 169

on with Seller Walk to deliver Walk Line through Send Communications Channel

- - applicati

usually usually

Technique for Placing Bets duction from 65 baht from duction Sellers would request for credit for request would Sellers Sell underground lottery and and lottery underground Sell but client for % Reduce in win client and is owed money If be would others from Bets

- commission 20% get would - loans provide - pay might so client advance pay in quickly winnings get slow but - credit get would they draw, present later to pay - digits 2 instance for deducted after 60 baht be paid might winning de

) Times ( Dealer during Mother’s Mother’s during Dealer

Number of Seller Change time default on payment on payment time default to new find so needed been have dealer and single same this with today dealer until -

ealer D

eller/ Relationship S Mother’s Mother’s Dealer is in is Dealer

- friend Cambodia -

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Selecting Seller Mother has 13 has Mother Children

- have (all sellers jobs) full time - have generation seller only 1 baht) (200,000

Underground Lottery Underground Summarization of Relationship, Technique for Placing Bets, and Communications Channel of Gamblers and Sellers of of Sellers and of Gamblers Bets, and Placing Summarization Communications Relationship, Technique Channel for of

02 10 . 4 Designation Gambler Gambler Table Table

140904081 170 170

send -

with Seller Used to send fax to send Used receive Today Communications Channel

through Line through - -

3,000 baht 3,000 - years

3 digits because it is is it because digits 3

Technique for Placing Bets Need funds to maintain all 13 all maintain to funds Need deduct not does number Running all until bets place cannot Client too place to not clients Warn too place to not clients Warn they get digits 2 wins client When 9,000 of from win cheated Get

baht receiving only 2 only receiving baht in 2 quit and would - income better has it because sellers savings than bank - percent - made are payments - on bets much to win harder - much too spending bets much money - 70 baht from baht paid 65 -

)

Times ( First dealer cheated so cheated dealer First

Number of Seller Change - change had to

ealer D eller/ Relationship S Trust in police inTrust protection

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Selecting Seller wives (first one one (first wives to so had cheated change) Both are police police Both are

Designation Gambler Gambler and seller 03

140904081 171

171

send on Line send - with Seller collect for each draw each for collect use written list and copy copy and list use written receive pay will win client when financial with coordinate Communications Channel

office to deduct money for for money to deduct office lose who those - - dealer to fax by to submit - - 3 days in advance -

digits, while online pays 900 pays online while digits,

Technique for Placing Bets Invite client through Line inform inform Line through client Invite There are 10 regular buyers who buyers regular 10 are There client from money deduct Don’t not sold the for risk the Distribute did first at office changed When Gamblers who often win would would win often who Gamblers

no sell bets until when got used to used got when until no sell bets work at people - advance in day one number not sold - draw spend 1,000/ - sold not except win they when online sold numbers - 20 baht get would seller bet online, 70 baht (normally bet baht per each and 500 90 baht digits 2 for online, for 3 baht) - dealers to other numbers -

) Times ( Number of Seller Change

ealer D eller/ Relationship S Close relations relations Close on time and pay

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Selecting Seller Change to Change Trusted friend/ friend/ Trusted Send not sold Send not

relative - in dealers and Nonthai Pimai online numbers - -

04 Designation Seller

140904081 172 172

send through through send -

with Seller

Receive Transfer to cousin in to cousin Transfer Communications Channel

- Nonthai - Line

bets bets

Technique for Placing Bets Inform about not sold numbers numbers sold not about Inform more places if client Warn Not accept running number running accept Not get will digits 2 wins client When who customers, regular 20 Have in (Thais network foreign Have to allowed be not pay will not If gambling from money Separate

- Line through - limit than - - 3 for baht, 65 pay only and 70 baht only and pay 500 baht digits get 450 baht - number network their with together 50 people - Germany) - to that speak not will or bets place person - businesses other from

% %

30 ) 25

Times ( Change 3 dealers Change 25% gave dealer First dealer Second dealer Third

Number of Seller Change - - - -

ealer D

eller/ Relationship S People in the in the People Acquaintances Influential know Don’t

- village - of lover - Pimai inpeople - major dealers, 3 are there know in Nongjik

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 30% -

Selecting Seller Consider from from Consider

the commission the commission 27 given on depending sales -

Designation

Gambler Gambler and seller 06

140904081 173

173

with Seller ck (address not not (address ck

Ask financial limit financial Ask to call generation Older Bets need to be placed be placed to Bets need Send bets through through Send bets Communications Channel

given) - draw the before one day hrs 18:00 before - bets the submitting before - bets place - the that program computer is that created dealer has and password with locked lo time

5,000 baht discount discount baht 5,000 -

% give buyer give % 3 would have another 20 another have 3 would 7,000 discount 15%, and 15%, discount 7,000 - - 25 25

Technique for Placing Bets 18 place bets 18 place - Get 17 on based interest the Determine Don’t accept running number running Don’t accept generate to Post on Facebook If client pays within 3 days will 3 days within clientIf pays clients 20 regular

10,000 baht discount 20% discount 10,000 baht - - excitement - - % discount given - - 2 Only, 60 about totaling buyers - 100 the sales 10%, 5

)

Times ( Number of Seller Change Never change

ealer D eller/ Relationship S Dealer in Dealer is dealer Major Parents help help Parents

- sell - Korat Sampeng major to pass on in Toyota dealer - in Nakhon and Ratchasima Chaiyapoom

- NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 4 in 4 in -

Selecting Seller Have 1 dealer dealer 1 Have

Senior at part Senior time work - 3 but need sold of not case numbers -

Designation

Gambler Gambler and seller 07

140904081 174

174

3 rounds 3 rounds

– send on Line Line send on

- with Seller

ta have 20 staff on 20 on 20 staff have ta After 2 PM place bets by by bets place 2 PM After of number down Jot to key program DOS Use use generation Children Receiver Motorcycle delivers list list delivers Motorcycle Communications Channel

(10 AM, 12 PM, 2 PM) PM, 12 (10 AM, - phone - seller - da computers - to reduce program window loss - - in bags black

,000,000 baht ,000,000 2

skills in distributing running running distributing inskills Technique for Placing Bets ents who do not pay can no pay can not who do ents Even if the not sold number wins, wins, number sold not the if Even Cli numbers removing in skill Have Have reduces program computer Using Using DOS computer program program computer Using DOS Highest lost Highest

- money losing from risk reduces - because full reward pay can still dealers many to bets distribute - bets place longer - - numbers - money losing from risk -

)

Times ( No commitment commitment No change No

Number of Seller Change - -

ealer D

eller/ Relationship S Reward with with Reward people trusted

- money -

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Selecting Seller Employees from from Employees factory Anyone who Anyone income wants

10 Designation

Dealer Dealer

140904081 175 175

send on send on -

with Seller Receiver accept and receive bets no no bets receive and accept Communications Channel

- telephone - later than 14:00 hrs on the draw the day of

- % % to

Technique for Placing Bets With With not sold numbers, has no Get Get 20% from sales give Place Place bets for 20 family and 4 No minimum rate for bets for rate minimum No sales increasing client Introducing

- client - - impact because distribute to other dealers - members -

)

rate, rate, if it is Times ( Dealer Dealer determined

Number of Seller Change - minimum beyond must distribute to dealers other

ealer D eller/ Relationship S major major dealer is trusted people people trusted

- - Thani in Udon

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Selecting Seller Mother old from Friend

- - office

Designation 13 Gambler Gambler and seller

140904081

176

August 11,

be be mistakes such as irst, I have to pay 40,000 pay to have I irst, e sum that I get. Let’s say say Let’s get. sum that I e (personal (personal communication, hat draw I made 3,000 baht baht 3,000 made draw I hat ney. ney. It was 50 baht per baht bet

“I have always placed bets with this “When the dealer cheats, I have to be be to have I cheats, dealer the “When - ith but when she her always quit, she - (personal (personal communication, e seller has to be responsible. In addition, addition, In responsible. be to has seller e owed. We had to make sure not to default 5,000 baht a month. This is all I get. When you come come you When get. I all is This month. a baht 5,000 - Making Payment - Experience in Placing Bets/Winning/Being in Placing Experience Cheated/Mistakes

Time Receive

The The research indicates that sometimes there might Gambler and seller 03, hair dresser hair 03, seller and Gambler Some of the sellers are cheated because the dealer refuses to pay when 1) The research findings indicate that sellers might be cheated by bigger 02,Gambler online business owner Experience Experience in Betting, Prize Money from Dealer and Seller, Period of

onger onger bear the costs, so they quit. Some sellers accept the lesson that it is 4.2.3

Sometimes the seller might forget to place the bets. “My mind slipped and I forgot to place the bets. I had to be responsible for the prize mo missing pages in the fax transmission. “There was one time when not all of the pages were transmitted. I called the dealer and he said it was ok at that time. However, I did t For problem. no be would itthere kept had I If it. keep not 2019) 11, August 03, seller and Gambler (Hairdresser, baht.” 5,000 paying up ended but I earn somewhere between 3,000 between somewhere earn I to think of it, the gamble is not really worth it.” 2019) baht baht for the bets. During the New Year my client cheated me of 53,000 baht and the my from pay to have I baht. 100,000 almost is it together baht 40,000 another for dealer is hug not a commission. It only get 10% when I own money there are many people who win. Therefore, th Therefore, win. who people many are there too. to be responsible have do not sellers the gamblers pay, the when f At sides. both for responsible be to have I fact, In responsible. to find a new seller and pay the people she on our own clients. It is important to make sure we pay.” August 12, 2019) seller because she is my friend. I place my bets is my place because she friend. w seller I responsible. be to have I But quit. she win, to started people many When me. tell not did had mom My baht. 300,000 pay tohelp had and 4 Grade in was I well. it remembered I sellers. sellers. Thus, the smaller sellers need to be responsible on their behalf. Some of them can no l risks happen the anytime. to accept can that inevitable

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

177 3 digits

(personal (personal

dicate dicate that selling

“I “I know that there is hire someone to help -

ee August 25, 2019)

The research findings indicate indicate findings research The - The The research indicates that not - tion, “I would see first how close I am to the to the am I how close first would see “I -

(personal communica (personal 02, online business owner business 02, online

Determination Determination of Not Sold Numbers Prize money from underground lottery underground from money Prize August 12, 2019)

3) Not sold numbers that major dealers take from mass media include the Seller Gambler Gambler and seller 13, private company employ 2) The The research findings indicate that sometimes the writer might make a

s the seller might give the winner 400 baht. Usually the rate is 400 baht. At

following: sold numbers come from the dealers. In the past the major dealers did not allow bets to to bets not allowdid dealers major the past the In dealers. the from come numbers sold they on 541 popular 514, are for draw.and placed every numbers be because 60 baht. I used to give 3 digits all 500 baht but later I reduced the payment to 450 baht. baht. 450 to payment the reduced I later but baht 500 all 3 digits give to used I baht. 60 Sometime first it was 600 baht communication, but all of the dealers reduced the payment.” addition, the payment depends on the closeness of closeness depends on the payment the addition, the relationship. person. If we are close I would give all 65 baht. This is my right. I can choose to give that almost all dealers would reduce the prize money they pay. Two digits from 70 baht baht 70 from digits Two pay. they money prize the reduce would dealers all almost that would be 65 baht, three digits would be from 500 baht to 450 baht. could The sellers tote the by winners to payment The baht. 90 to baht 100 from reduced be would be both full amount or have a 5 baht deduction (2 digits) or 50 baht (3 digits). In a website that accepts bets. However, I do not dare to try it. I am afraid that I would be I that afraid am do not dare to try it. I I bets. However, that accepts website a cheated if I win. I think it might be easy to simply take my money. There are options but don’t bets online dare.” for I underground underground lottery emphasizes the individual. Some of the sellers through the online system but do not dare to invest in because place large amounts of in fear the bets involved. the risks them check the numbers before placing the bets. This bets online placing However, is for sellers still Some something new. of the sellers are is a means to reduce risk. concerned and afraid of making mistakes. The research findings in and I paid 3,500 baht.” (Gambler and seller, 13, private company employee, August 25, August employee, company private 13, seller, and (Gambler baht.” 3,500 paid I and 2019) mistake. They have to be responsible as a result many of them

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

178 on’t time time -

“Not sold numbers or numbers sold “Not -

The research findings indicate researchThe findings indicate -

“Dealers would pay but that was not would not was but that “Dealers pay - small amount of bet money, accepting accepting money, bet of small amount pay 5% in advance. Usually the dealer dealer the Usually advance. in 5% pay August 25, 2019)

00 baht bet would get 30. Some give 25 25 give Some 30. get would bet 00 baht

in their network. in their making payments -

r such as the license plate of plate car his the license as r such

et the full amount of prize money. There is no deal.fixed time sellers try to accumulate the bets. But these small n time, thus major sellers have to give loans as well. loans as to give have n time, sellers thus major - Important days of the royalty the days of Important Accidents news Strange PM numbe of famous monks Age (personal communication,

Period of receiving of Period (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) e e the dealers actually make the payment. When the gamblers lose

Gambler 02, online business owner business online 02, Gambler Gambler and seller 13, private company employee company private 13, seller and Gambler 4) Sellers have to help their clients find solutions for not sold numbers. They They numbers. sold not for solutions find clients their help to have Sellers But for me, when my clients say they don’t have money, I would pay for them but I 1 a example for me explain Let interest. charge what happened in my case. When they win they would pay me because I give out loans loans out give I because me pay would they win they When case. my in happened what I because 20% only clients my give would I too. draw. later a at pay to gamblers allow won’t they winnings.Also, the of part cut would and whether orand not g winners Some of the sellers are not very good at collecting debts. Thus, selling bets with cash is good. Some of small who don’t o pay dealers, in advance befor money some of the sellers would allow the payment to be made However, this depends at on the deal. Some of them would get discounts, gaining credit, the next draw. that amount of risk.” of risk.” that amount that most of the sellers would place bets at 1 PM or latest 3 PM. The money would be money prize pay the would sellers draw. the Most of the after than 3 days no later paid popular popular numbers differ from place to place. Some don’t sell 22 or 89. At times they don’t sell the numbers all, at while at times they will limit the Somebets d placed. have not sold numbers but my dealer does. I told my clients I take all bets but I limit take can I 10x10. buy would some like bets the take I bet. their put can they amount the it themselves. These not sold numbers are a source of irritation for both sellers and It clients. their lose to not as so solutions with come to try sellers the However, buyers. to maintain smooth operations is a means would distribute the bets to other dealers or take take or dealers other to bets the distribute would

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

179 (personal (personal

pay pay for you in advance. If you don’t like n out of money. Suppose the amount due is timers timers and gamblers. The buyers need to accept -

the payment would be made. Without credit, the reward wouldreward the credit, Without made. be would payment the August 12, 2019)

The The percent deduction by dealers depends on the deal with the sellers, when and how much of much how and when be higher. If the payment is late, the profit would be less. It is important to choose the gamblers. trust, which they can seller, dealer, and network includes communication, who has to communicate to the small the rules. The communications regarding payment would be done personally such as The The prize money of this person would only be 20 baht. Some sellers give 25 baht. But you have to remember I have the right not to my deal you would have to find someone, who will pay for you.” or 27. They difference of 3, 5, or 7 percent is the profit. This is because when they don’t they when because is This profit. the is percent 7 or 5, 3, of difference They 27. or you say Let’s this. do won’t Others advance. in them for topay have money, I the have have to pay me during this draw but ru immediately. money the deduct would I baht, 30,000 personwin’s the and baht 20,000

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

180 180

Make -

3 -

Payment send 2:30 send - f Time Receive f Time o Payment - Receive immediately prize win client pay can they lose client If Receive bets until 1PM latest 3 latest 1PM until bets Receive Pay next day after draw use use draw after day Pay next

Period within day of draw at 8PM at of draw day within - - advance) in pay (seller - draw next within seller - draw of PM on day - clear to accountant skill as

Not Not

royalty Lucky number Lucky PM number from Number Important days days Important dealer dealer

Sold Numbers

Determine Determine - - - age monk of - -

baht per per baht per baht

bahtbet baht bet 90 90 Lottery 3 Digits Tote 3 Digits

500 baht baht

450

baht per per baht

Underground Underground 3 Digits Exact 3 Digits the past In baht today bet per baht 500 baht bet

Prize from from Prize baht per baht

2 Digits Close Close pay If not not If

- 65 baht - pay close 60 70 baht bet

all -

MistakeS / baht

000 , Cheated

/ NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 300

Win Experience Placing Placing Experience / Children Children generation took 1 make mistake did not fax fax not did mistake make 2 back money get cannot it and number wrong write Mother generation client client generation Mother cheated was for dealer Pay

100,000 baht - list the in the numbers - 3,000 baht - to win happens - cheated - seller from mother but was to bets all send now so cheated mother - client), (pay 53,000 baht totaling baht dealer 40,000 Bets

Summarization of Gambler and Dealer Experience Placing Bets, Placing Receive Time Dealer of Winning, Period Summarizationand Gambler Experience of

11 . 02 4 Designation seller 03 seller Gambler and Gambler Seller Table Table

140904081 3

- 181 181 Make -

draw Payment f Time Receive f Time o

pay cash to dealer within 2 pay within next draw next pay within lately cash pay 3 than more in no money clear pay can bets many place if money borrow enough notif Period - days - - - mother from - days - next within

Not Not

dealer relate numbers highest dealer dealer PM number major

Sold Numbers

Determine Determine - - to PM - sold 10 not numbers - - accidents - locks

baht per per baht per baht

baht per per baht bahtbet baht bet

90 90 Lottery 3 Digits Tote 3 Digits baht bet 90

baht per baht

Underground Underground baht bet 3 Digits Exact 3 Digits per 500 baht bahtbet 450 bet per baht 450

Prize from from Prize baht per baht per baht

2 Digits baht bet 70 bahtbet 70 per baht bet 65

000 000 ,

MistakeS / 02 02

o pay t a row

sent wrong sent wrong - Cheated

20 02 to 02 20 / NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Win Experience Placing Placing Experience /

Highest Highest winner is client client cheat 7,000 baht so have have experience in making Cannot Cannot collect was cheated Highest lost 7,000 baht baht 7,000 lost Highest Received Mistake baht 20,000 cheated relative from collect Cannot if cheated have have cheated if win 9 draws in 9 draws win

- - baht 35,000 but gain numbers - - - 1,600 baht mistake in number so has to be be to has so number in mistake responsible - baht - - pump confiscate - Bets - 9,000 baht. -

04 07 06 Designation Gambler and Gambler seller Gambler and Gambler seller Seller

140904081 182 182 Make -

Payment

f Time Receive f Time o

pay within next draw next pay within cash for commission reduce not cash pay

Period - - - buyer -

Not Not

541

not sold not

514

famous news famous Royalty license PM car from number major famous famous news number

Sold Numbers Determine Determine and in draw every - - birthday - plate - monks - accidents - from numbers media - and government dealer -

baht

Lottery 3 Digits Tote 3 Digits 100 bet per baht 90 bet per baht

baht per per baht per baht baht

Underground Underground digits digits 3 Digits Exact 3 Digits 550 bahtbet 3 underground 110 baht bet 500 bet per baht

Prize from from Prize baht per per baht per baht

2 Digits 80 bahtbet 70 baht bet

000 000 , million million MistakeS 000 , / 4 - 7

Cheated / NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 Win Experience Placing Placing Experience / sometimes win 3 win sometimes

Father generation Father draw bahtper from generation Children baht 1,000,000 Bets - to pay has bahtdealer installment

10 Designation

Dealer Dealer

140904081 183 183 Make -

Payment f Time Receive f Time o

Client pays 1 day before the the before 1 day pays Client client when immediately pay

Period wins - through day on the draw or transfer money -

Not Not

e lucky numbers numbers lucky news strange news accident Sold Numbers birthday King’s Royalty Determine Determine birthday - through sent Lin - - - -

Lottery 3 Digits Tote 3 Digits

baht per per baht

Underground Underground 3 Digits Exact 3 Digits 450 bahtbet

baht baht Prize from from Prize 70

- 2 Digits 65 per baht bet

MistakeS / Cheated

/ NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 baht Win

Experience Placing Placing Experience / 600 make mistake in numbers in numbers mistake make client from collect cannot ,

- 3,500 total each 50 baht about baht - 1 Bets

13 Designation Gambler and Gambler seller

140904081

184 class class gamblers, -

depends on how they ir dreams, car license

are are many pages on Facebook illar, Nakhon Ratchasima Province Nakhon illar, Class Underground Lottery Sellers Class Underground Lottery - The The research findings indicate that the - Middle

Source Source of Lucky Numbers

Beliefs of the Dealer and Dealer the of Beliefs The The research findings indicate that there The method for finding numbers from Chinese calendars includes looking includes calendars Chinese from numbers finding for method The 1) Chinese Calendar Chinese

11 .

4.2.4 4 are are created by gamblers and sellers. It becomes the place where they can talk Taken by Researcher City 2, 2020, P on May Taken

about about underground lottery openly. It is easily accessible to the middle providing number recommendations such as Huay Wong Ngern, Lek Ded Huay Bai Diew (Free), Government Lottery for Share Free, Chef Ton Numbers, Korat, Numbers Sharing from Good Famous Monks, Win Every Draw, Best Numbers. These pages see see the numbers. The lottery draw should be on January 1 but in Thailand the draw would be January 2, 2020. Thus, looking for numbers on Chinese calendar would be before draw. on the day made at at the figures on the day before the draw as seen in Figure 35. The page of January 30 has no numbers but on January 31, 2020 has 9, 3, 4, and 7. This Figure Figure Note: plates, and home address. In addition, some might make purchase from numbers on the on numbers from purchase make might some addition, In address. home and plates, calendar. Chinese sellers and of and lotterygamblers sellers underground have the source same of lucky as numbers presented in section 1. Most of them interpret numbers from the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

185

print outs. In addition, the gamblers do not need to travel to find numbers numbers find to travel to need not do gamblers the addition, In outs. print

Gamblers Gamblers get on the Facebook pages to look at numbers that they share Pages on Facebook

12 .

4 ut just look at the information to help them make the decisions in placing decisions the bets. make them tout just help information look the at social media. media. social need need to search for winning results of the government lottery because it is on and radio, television, because they can find numbers in their environment as well as news in mass media or Figure Figure no is There numbers. good provide that applications download Some friends. their with sellers, and dealers, where they can receive information. dealers, receive can they might notwhere and or follow They like sellers, b

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

186

no longer sold around

ng Numbers in the ng Numbers Application Line Engagement Engagement in Line and search of “check numbers” or “lottery” would Results for Results for Findi

13 .

4 yield numerous similar results. Searching for the winning results can be done easily on easily done be can winningresults the for Searching results. similar numerous yield the Today printedGoogle. list winning of the lottery is numbers lottery the but is available only at stalls. the neighborhood Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 187 kets for kets uranaree 2,000 baht. - however, however, is part

dicate that middle that dicate

The research findings in findings research The -

Amount of Money for Bets for Money of Amount

2) The The researcher has visited the lottery sales area behind the S Winning Numbers Printed List 16, 2020 Printed March Numbers Winning

14 .

4 arity and government lottery would also be different. Therefore, the gamblers can go can gamblers the Therefore, different. be also would lottery government and arity they emphasize selling, placing bets is a secondary issue. Gambling, important is it However, clients. the with conversation for topic a becomes It fun. the of class class underground lottery gamblers also sell the bets place only However, it is 1,000 less than the regular gamblers, who place 20,000 baht. This is because inspect inspect the image because each of the tickets printed differently for each draw. The ch redeem to Bank Thai Krung and Bank Agriculture and Cooperative Government the to for of a charge only 1%. prize their having having to go to the Government Lottery Office on Rachadamnern Road, Talad Yod, tic the inspect to have would sellers lottery The Bangkok. District, Nakhon Phra confidence before giving the money. These sellers would deduct 2% from the prize money because they have to pay in advance. For confidence they would carefully Figure Figure without sellers the from money prize the collect can winners that found is It Monument.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

188 (personal (personal as as a result the ed ed in the following

“There are “There moreare sellers today than in - pay. pay. For instance, in my case I have a

Some of the gamblers report that they have - least. least. oneIn sheet there are about 5 digits. But

n’t have the money, I have to pay in installment.n’t have the have money, I ht the payment would be 65,000,000 baht. This is

allocated. According to the sellers, there are more gamblers gamblers more are there sellers, tothe According allocated. to the dealers stopping of numbers and capping bets, which mblers in every age and generation. and mblers age in every Experience Experience in winning August 12, 2019)

3) The The research findings indicate that the economic situation has an impact Gambler 02, Gambler online business owner

change the channel for placing bets but the pride of winning 2 or 3 digits never changes. changes. never digits 3 or 2 winning of pride the but bets placing for channel the change won consecutively for 2 years, while some say they won for 20 years. This is the charm the is This years. 20 for won they say some while years, 2 for consecutively won of the underground lottery business. They have continuously underground won lottery network is passed on from generation to generation. They might sold, which is contrary the result a as quit have that dealers many are There gamblers. of volume larger reflects sellers need to maintain their own reputation. This is because underground lottery is ga still for the hope on gambling and the funds the and gambling on money, without that believe they However, placed. bets of volume the from observed as they should not have enough money to place bets. This is because they have lets bets the money, I have to quit. Even if I do have to quit. if Even the money, I I This is critical communication, to building my reputation and trustworthiness.” way. way. This becomes risky because there are many people placing bets and there is a possibility of not having enough money to reputable job so do I have the option of not paying or not being responsible? I don’t want to have a bad profile about money. If I say that I would sell, but if I can’t collect there are those, who have to place a minimum of 30, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 baht. There There baht. 1,000 and 500, 100, 50, 30, of minimum a place to have who those, are there is also the not sold numbers, which pays 60 for 1,000 or 65,000 someone wins baht. a bet of Let’s 1 million say ba if especially difficult when the economy is bad. More people want to seek fortune this the past. I think of it this way based on theory. Let’s say before I have 2 baht, I might place bets for 5 baht, 10 baht, or 20 baht, but not anymore. But today there is no one placing bets of 30, 50, 20, or 30 baht at to make sure that the does gambling the not influence sales phenomenon volume. This is analyzed based from the perspective of the seller as section. present

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

189 hom

achings. For ir own by watching r won the prize even even theprize won r August 11, 2019)

it is too late. However, I

my case, one buyer said he titious. There was a time when I time a when was titious. There “Like “Like - “I “I believe that I have done wrong. I - “Sometimes I don’t place bets. Before“Sometimes don’t place I - culated the income, I know I can place

nal communication, (perso nd lottery gamblers believe that it is against the

The The research findings indicate that sellers also - August 12, 2019)

Some of the gamblers prefer to buy with sellers, with w -

ples. Therefore, they pray to gain luck. ples. Therefore, i Reading Reading statistics Beliefs

5) hairdresser 03, and seller Gambler In In addition, undergrou Gambler and seller 03, hairdresser Gambler Gambler 02, online business owner 4) this, I did not place bets. However, when I cal bets within a limit. Let’s say if my siblings want to play (I wonder how can they bet long time They would remember the statistics and analyze on the decision the make and clients their with discuss also they addition, In media. various the is right. that they feel I stopped, I don’t know if it is just coincidence, I won. Now that I am older, I don’t pray pray don’t I older, am I that Now won. I coincidence, just is it if know don’t I stopped, I give regularly.” alms that much but I gamble. In addition, they tend to have been in the underground lottery business for a deeds. deeds. I make merit because it is in my nature. When I make merit, I win because it is not supers am I However, good deeds. of the the result when but anything win not did I month. a about for sutra Itiphiso prayed and meditated instance, instance, if the reward is 70 baht and I pay 65 baht. This is not good; I am taking that because is It bad. feel I it, take don’t I if even still But it. take don’t I so money person’s I have done something against the religions principles but mywhitewash to trying not am I merit.make to money the use there. I stop just cannot good religious princ good religious don’t want to make a profit from actions against the good religious te money. My luck is very strong since I am born on Tuesday. I neve I on Tuesday. born am I since strongvery is luck My money. once. Sometimes I want to place bets so buyI from my mother. But still I don’t win. I guess this is the same feeling, when some buyers don’t want to place bets with me.” communication, (personal never never won placing bets with me. Then he stopped for a few months and came back. This continued for 3 times but still he never won. He believes that he cannot get my they win regularly. If they do not win, they would change to other sellers. These people These sellers. other to change would they win, not do they If regularly. win they believe in the compatibility in terms of luck. They make decisions because expect to personal on their beliefs. win based

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

190

(personal (personal ould use the money daily in the life. It Dealers Dealers would bring money from -

“I w - ve a sense but I can’t say exactly.”

class underground lottery gamblers, would treat their - August 12, 2019)

f the middle Prize Prize money from winning August 11, 2019)

Most o 6) government official 04, Seller friends when they win. They believe that money won from gambling is luck so it should should it so luck is gambling from won money that believe They win. they when friends in Section This merit. making reported 1. spent be is in line the findings with is a way to make money without having to do much. I just do some basic calculations and make money. It is easy additional income making living smooth in every month.” communication, (personal underground underground lottery earnings to invest in other business. The sellers would use it in their daily life. Some of the respondents believe that this helps them to have better of life. quality 8,000 baht or 5,000 baht), I would warn them. I can tell if a number has a chance or not. or chance a has number a if tell can I them. warn would I baht), 5,000 or baht 8,000 If they do not believe I can’t help. I ha communication,

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 191 191

oney n profit M

Prize Prize earnings. earnings. Don’t expect to win expect Don’t gai money, if itkeep would use but from other it separate

tatistics S Don’t place place Don’t on bets underground lottery Use Use

lose often, lose often, Beliefs

Popular or not sold or not Popular that if Clients believe had cheated when Was

underground lottery lottery underground 200,000 baht. for business no luck. have Believe Don’t place bets on place Don’t lottery underground - usually don’t win numbers - they buy and change they would they win often, If dealers. with same would remain dealer. -

inning W

Experience Experience in Don’t place place Don’t on bets underground lottery

Class Sellers -

Bets Amount of Don’t Don’t place bets on underground lottery

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Don’t Don’t place bets on underground lottery Number Source

Beliefs of Dealers and Middle Dealers and of Beliefs

02 12 . 4 Designation Gambler Table Table

140904081 192 192

oney M

Prize Prize Use in daily Use

- expenses

tatistics S Remember Remember statistics for analysis Use Use

pray, but

Beliefs hing trees for hing trees for

Make merit, Make bets is against Placing Scratc

- not win - teachings religious - is fantasy numbers

inning

W Won every Won bets Place of age Won Experience Experience in

- for 2 draw years - 20 years for on 2 digits (shifting positions) and 3 digits rarely - guru football Yong 47 Yor bet at placing 50 baht

000 , 2 - Bets

000 Amount of , 1 baht

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Car license license Car address Home fromNumbers Chinese Chinese Dream

- - - - - interpretation number plate number Facebook calendar calendar Number Source

and seller seller and 03 Designation Gambler

140904081

193 193

oney M

Prize Prize Luck need to make need to make Luck

- with thismerit money Additional income to income Additional monthlysupplement income

tatistics S Not consult Not consult See

- statistics from government lottery - statistics of and Laos lottery Hanoi Don’t place place Don’t on bets underground lottery Use Use

Beliefs

Ask holy relics to win Ask holy relics wish on lucky Make for bets don’t ask Accept

Gamblers believe that that believe Gamblers have weak who sellers not fussy are luck and them win would make They would often. more bets with to place continue people. these - Suranaree) to Tao (Pray - stones - blessing

inning

W on 2 digits W 1,000 x Won Experience Experience in

Don’t place place Don’t on bets underground lottery - 3 but never digits - got 1,000 and 70,000 baht

000 ,

10 Bets Amount of Don’t place bets place Don’t on underground lottery Place baht/draw Limit bets and reduce expenditure 1,000 x from 1,000 to 50 x 50

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Interpret Interpret Car license license Car Preferred

- - - Don’t place bets place Don’t interpretations) plates numbers dreams (have dreams own book of on underground on underground lottery Number Source

and seller seller and 06 Gambler Gambler Designation Gambler

140904081 194 194

oney

M Prize Prize Make merit Make home at Celebrate

- - with friends Make merit Make for family Income

tatistics S Consider

bets on bets underground lottery Buy famous not sold and numbers - of the trend gamblers place Don’t Use Use

makes

lottery Beliefs

Try scratching trees as trees as scratching Try Never ask from ask holy Never that Clients believe monk Ask from from numbers Believe in luck Believe

- passed on have people stories - relics - seller buying from on keep them win so they buying bets on place Don’t underground - - Khamchanote -

inning W Experience Experience in Won 2 digits Won 400 baht place Don’t on bets underground lottery

Bets

Amount of limit/month. limit/month. not impact Does monthly payment. Not sure but has Not sure on no impact from profit sales bets place Don’t on underground lottery No limit would about 10 bet within numbers 2,000 baht

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Interpret Interpret Think of license Car

- - - Don’t place bets place Don’t Based on Based numbers in the numbers and at family office dreams plates on underground on underground lottery preference Number Source

13 Gambler Gambler seller and Dealer Dealer and seller seller and 07 Designation Gambler

140904081 195 195

oney M Prize Prize

tatistics S Use Use

Beliefs Hope in winning Hope

- but lottery underground lottery only government use for win some

inning W Experience Experience in

Bets Amount of

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20

Lucky Lucky alternate 2 and 2 and alternate Line Send

- - - message to pass message lucky numbers numbers application 3 digits Number Source

Designation

140904081

196 Class - Underground Underground Lottery Gambler Lottery

class Underground Lottery Underground class -

Seller Seller and and Communication Network of Middle

Level of Secretiveness

ities class underground lottery gamblers is revealed openly. revealed is gamblers lottery underground class -

Ident face, face, on phone, or through chat applications quickly and “ - to -

Gamblers” Gamblers” reveal communications as presented in the following

o Dealer Lott be based on the profit contribution. They have to make sure payments are are payments sure make to have They contribution. profit the on based be The research The research findings indicate that the dealers do not know the gamblers. The The research Gamblers Communications of Middle Network

is in the country or not. The dealers on the other hand do not care who are

easily easily accessed and can be contacted all the time. Gamblers can choose to tation by making sure they pay on time, don’t collect the overdue payment

4 ed be responsible.ed if that happens, would and seller the cheat effectively. effectively. This has led to the growth of regular clients. The sellers would maintain their repu from clients to save their face, and maintain a good relationship. This shows that the being of chance no almost is there addition, In another. one respect gamblers and sellers between the writers and middle and writers the between They are come to place bets face the gamblers. They are with relationship the only Thus, profitability. maximize to critical concerned is team the of management about the amounts of bets placed. would sellers The relationship The wisely. partners business their choose to have they thus, time; on made They They do not have personal relationships and keep the association secretive. Gamblers whether work or might dealer the where about talk only dealer. They the access cannot the dealer

Underground Underground figure.

Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

197

timers havetimers easier an - class Underground Lottery Sellers UndergroundLottery class -

bers. The provide information about the sets of numbers sold, thus Expression of Dealer andMiddle Dealer of Expression Seller’s Post on Facebook

16 . re, re, the stringers role is replaced by technology. The relationship is quite open In In addition, the sellers openly express themselves on Facebook that they have

4.2.5 The research indicates that major dealers can sell underground lottery openly 4 are are good num to page Facebook the visit and to come purchase the made not have who those enticing decision. their make Figure Figure special number sets. They also update the information for their followers about which Therefo at all levels of the network. The sellers can sell openly even on Facebook, where they not being sold. numbers are and which that they bets accepting are announce because they have a good relationship with the police. The small good The with a they have the police. relationship because time because they can contact the major dealers using the mobile phone at any time.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

198

nd lottery, golden numbers,

ent of Numbersent Sold on Facebook

Lottery? I will open bets at 5:50 PM. Win and get money at 5:50 bets will money open PM. and get Win Lottery? I got this car, I always won. The first is 29 then 59 then 85 followed by

Seller’s Announcem

17 . is Today Thursday. and Monday is it Now day. drawing changed Lottery “Laos open 7 PM usual.” at as “Laos “Since I Observation Observation from the researcher’s friends on Facebook, it is found that sellers Hanoi want “Anyone

4 Get more!” Get the first draw, 03/05/2563 close at 7:20 PM and the lottery is drawn at 8 PM.” at 03/05/2563 7:20 is drawn draw, PM the lottery at and the first close lucky! be Let’s come! Come others. with share to want I and happy very am I 95. and 29 Examples include the following: include Examples today!” They They provide information about placing bets on undergrou and international lottery regularly on their Facebook. They do so openly and gamblers make the purchase. The posts that show people winning creates further excitement. Figure Figure media. social their on lottery underground selling about information post gamblers and

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

199 (personal (personal Social Media Social class -

Expression in Expression Not post Not Not post post Not post Not 05. I sell each set for 100 baht. 100 for set each sell I 05.

–

Real Life Real

019) class underground lottery gamblers show that most of them them of most that show gamblers lottery underground class - Expression in Expression

bers are similar to golden numbers. They run from 00 to 99 totaling August 20, 2 Don’t tell that sell underground lottery, lottery, underground sell that tell Don’t regular and salon hair around Known lottery underground sells that reveal Don’t team members don’t reveal self, known self, known reveal don’t members team circle in small only clients official government as work because

rview rview of Gambler and seller 07 shows confidence in having a network

Underground Lottery Sellers Underground still get prize money. But if you did not buy all 20 sets, you will not get

Summarization of Self Expression of Dealers Middle of and Summarization Expression Dealers Self of

13 . Dealers and middle and Dealers The The inte “Congratulations “Congratulations ….. You won the golden number 32 and received 22,500 r to protect themselves from police arrests in case they express themselves too 04 03 4

he police as well as well as society. police he Designation Gambler and Gambler seller Seller Gambler Gambler Table Table in orde their maintain to need They circles. small their in only known usually are They openly. reputation and express themselves as well connected and powerful having influence with t communication, don’t reveal themselves in the real world and on social media. There are only some, no is who shows the single respondent, show technique themselves.who openly There So, if you win you get 1,500 baht. In the end you will get 500 baht. You did not lose money you that. You must place bets on at least 15 sets depends on problem. your money. There We is no can talk because I know some big shot policeman.” everything. everything. This is why this respondent is not afraid to post about underground lottery openly. “Set num 00 have might you 1 Set in instance, For sets. 50 or 20 baht!” with police. In case there is any problem, it is believed that the police can clear

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

200 8 hundred - Social Media Social business person business

is not a very stable

million baht. Suppose I Expression in Expression ause it is not stable. It can’t can’t It not stable. it is ause Not post Not underground Post selling openly on Facebook lottery sell that present Not but lottery underground as present post Not underground lottery gamblers lottery underground

class Underground Lottery Sellers

- motorcycle motorcycle Real Life Real August 22, 2019) The presentation of the dealer

Expression in Expression

Father generation reveal openly, openly, reveal generation Father in limited know generation, Children

Not show that sell underground lottery underground sellthat show Not Everyone knows person is seller is person knows Everyone care to money have to seller, status Change - - for self, friends, can pay for for pay can self, friends, for rent and dorm network expansive circles 4 hundred thousand baht. Let’s say the average is about 6 “There is a lot of money involved like some 7 - -

(personal (personal communication,

10 of network the that indicate findings research The 13 06 07 Perspectives of Dealer and Middle towards Underground Lottery Business

Designation Gambler and Gambler seller seller seller Dealer Gambler and Gambler seller and Gambler and sellers opinions have been summarized in the summarized in the opinions have sellers been following table. and be. be. But people have to place bets. This habit cannot be changed easily. Even if gambling the is brought above the Underground lottery ground, will underground still give lottery better rewards will but well business.” still it survive. factory factory owner might I losses, are there If month. per baht million 2 about for draw every profit a make end up with 3 it bec like do not But some people all. at Not bad thousand. have been around for a long time and generate massive income for those involved. The The involved. those for income massive generate and longtime a for around been have network is strong because it is based on mutual benefits. According to Dealer 10, 4.3

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

201

Ground Lottery

and Communication Network

10 baht, sellers can have other10 baht, can sellers - ities

from from various sources. Some would

Ident “ Gamblers” indicate network the comprises that of Gamblers”

Opinion towards Above the Above the Opinion towards o Interested in above the ground if it is legal, if it is the if if it it is in above is legal, ground Interested can solve problem solve high lottery of can price people lottery because can survive underground

career simultaneously simultaneously career it lottery is because will survive Underground sold conveniently Lottery the controls Government Government to from would like money and Office collect the same on alcohol tax lottery way as underground cigarettes and - lottery quit will underground good people - - bets place can with low income When economy is bad people seek fortune more so fortune more economy people is bad seek When numbers gamblers the more of the number grows, would not sold, sales the drop are lottery would but sales will survive be Underground money have bad don’t economy people less because the government to do above want to gamble. Don’t this kind of to have agree Don’t lottery. ground society. ingambling Thai lottery stillPeople on underground bet made 5 be can Bets Lott

13 06 07 03 rch rch findings from the study, Summarization of Opinion towards Above the Ground Lottery AboveSummarization the Ground towards Opinion of

Class Underground

- Designation 10 14

04 02 . The resea 4 Gambler and seller and Gambler Dealer Dealer Seller Seller seller and Gambler seller and Gambler Gambler and seller and Gambler Seller Seller together together to make interpretations about numbers travel to get the numbers, while others listen to the information from people close to of Middle more than one person that need to interact with one another. The interest to gamble would lead to the exchanges of information about numbers. People would come Table Table

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

202

through looking on their news feed. ften, they would start a conversation. conversation. a start would they ften, ion about interpreting numbers or the

would as for celebrations and exchange informat mistakes they made. This phenomenon reflects the feeling of being in the same group them friends. feelings and similar which makes identity, a with shared posted content. When they see that a person wins o wins person a that see they When content. posted It can be seen that gamblers do not keep their identities a secret. In fact, they would even congratulate winners as if they have achieved some significant victory. They them. There are also those who pick up information from online content. They would also check on the topic of interest in social media they sources. many from accessIf about good numbers also can information Gamblers have friends selling underground lottery, they would also look at the direction of the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

203

Exchanges of on Facebook Exchanges Fortune Seeking about Opinions

18 . 4 Figure Figure

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 204 ities Ident “

class. class. They use social media as a - ight hearted manner. It is a fun activity. They do not view y life and express identity to save face. This is because all of the up in a l believe it is a fortune they received. believe it is a fortune tinues tinues to expand. When people join these underground lottery -

their their identity as underground lottery gambler, which is reliant on the mited to economics. It could include culture such as the scratching of the aforementioned conversations it can be seen that friends on Facebook Facebook on friends that seen be can it conversations aforementioned the . Ultimately the choice to place bets or not depends on the individual’s rground lottery gamblers are not the people who cause social problems, have erview. This allowed the phenomenon to be studied from the start to the future the to start the from studied be to phenomenon the allowed This erview. In In addition, those in the underground lottery network have social capital. They From From he he sharing of numbers is reciprocal. The person, who has a lot of luck winning The The unde study the in found as identity lively a have They crimes. cause or debts, high them. Some of the people would follow the bets but all should be done with proper discretion for search the from starts lottery underground on bets place to mission The experiences. numbers and ends with the result of the draw. This happens in a cycle for every draw. trends. trends. The researcher has also engaged as the sender providing information underground about lottery in order to facilitate the conversation. This includes placing bets where t consult would people and famous be would They group. the in powerful be would often, have have good education, career, income, and backgrounds, yet they come together. The researcher used the snowball sampling technique to search for respondents for the in int depth trees trees for numbers, making merit and asking the monk for numbers, or even hermits. These people believe that losing is part of the luck. When they win, they would make they because merit network, network, thus con Each gamblers. and sellers, dealers, are There well. as role their on depends it networks, benefits, and capital with connected are They accordingly. roles their play to has group which is not li risk to the youth, which is normal among the middle stage to express relationship or conversation that they may have outside of Facebook. continue their conversations in inbox, the or Line meet chat, up for The conversations. They might expression on technology enabled social spaces is done in a relaxed manner. They avoid avoid They manner. relaxed a in done is spaces social enabled technology on expression serious topics in dail members view underground lottery gambling as a norm in the way of life and it is no would exchange information and share their opinions. If someone starts a conversation, conversation, a starts someone If opinions. their share and information exchange would it would be picked gambling as an activity that would tarnish their reputation or lessen their value. The

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

205 Gamblers”. The

o Lott

Class Underground - be further explained in Chapter 5. in Chapter further explained be

and and Communication Network of Middle would details

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081 class class Class - - class. class. The research -

depth depth interview. The data -

hodology, which is purposive the relationship between dealers,

ste, and middle se this had an impact on taste and social

class class gamblers, who have a continuous - dealers, dealers, sellers, and gamblers, who have been and and Communication Network of Middle

CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER ities probability probability sampling met - Ident AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND class gamblers. This study utilized the qualitative research - Gamblers” has the objective to examine the identity of middle of identity the examine to objective the has Gamblers”

o Lott The The study collected data from The The study titled, “ depth depth interview. Non - DISCUSSIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, CONCLUSIONS, FINDINGS, RESEARCH OF DISCUSSIONS recommendations as presented as section. in the following recommendations network, network, information seeking behavior, development the for used been has which analysis, the from developed was framework ta of the conclusions, discussion of research findings, research limitations, and examined because ofexamined their gambling clear behavior. The were respondents categorized based on their income and occupation becau analysis The baht. 18,000 over income with respondents 15 of total a were There class. communications identity, lottery, underground about literature on based conducted was covered. covered. The study examined gambling lottery habit. underground middle involved in the underground lottery circuit for no less than 5 years. This group is sampling. Due to its sensitive thesampling. Due snowball used. nature, technique was The researcher Koh), Ban and Talay, Hua (City, districts province Ratchasima Nakhon in network has Pimai, and Nonthai. The data was collected using the in collection tool was the unstructured questionnaire in order to ensure that all topics are sellers, sellers, and middle observation, participation observation, field using collected was data The methodology. and in Underground Underground underground lottery gamblers. In addition, it aims to study the underground lottery gamblers’ communications network to examine

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- -

207

1,000,000 baht. They are - 30 years. They are from the middle the from are They years. 30 - ave ave a bachelor’s degree, who work as

class class underground lottery gamblers choose to place Class Underground Lottery GamblersClass Underground Lottery - - Identity of MiddleIdentity

heir heir education in Thailand and abroad. The level of education completed ing watches and hair dressing. Some of them have their family business family their and them have Some and of dressing. hair ing watches . Some may not have a high level of education but have expertise in their field field their in expertise have but education of level high a have not may Some . ave connections with the police and create the identity of being socially identity of being well the and ave with connections create the police dents, dents, who sell underground lottery as a means of additional income despite mmary of Research Findings demonstrating demonstrating mutual support. Some of the respondents revealed that after There There are two respondents, who h The The people in the underground lottery network interviewed include 1 dealer, 4 5.1.1 The research findings indicated that the dealer and sellers are those receive .D been in the underground lottery network for 5 for network lottery underground the in been

Su great conversation topics. It makes the first and sixteenth of every month and makes of every first lively. the sixteenth It conversation topics. great

work work with others. The middle

employees in a private firm. One is a gambler another is both gambler and seller. There There seller. and gambler both is another gambler a is One firm. private a in employees degree, master’s a with business, production relic religious a owning respondent, one is lottery lottery completing their bachelor’s degree they have decided to work in their family business to work the government. Some with decided have garage. as such are are 2 stu the fact their family owns a retail and agriculture business. These respondents work underground the for customers tofind them helps family The well. as family their with and Ph and fix as such do not hold a bachelor’s degree. Their family owns either a factory, furniture store, small retail, and fabric store where they work. The research findings show that there class class and have economic stability with an income of 19,000 employed, have a good reputation, and a modern completed lifestyle. t The respondents have includes high school, studying bachelor’s degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree for respondents The respondents. 15 totaling gamblers 8 and sellers, 2 sellers, and gamblers have net their bets with people they know such as friends. The exchange of information about makes thrill the of environment the and fortune, a win to hope numbers, probability high tangible benefits, money, from engaging in the underground lottery business. Thus, they they Thus, business. lottery underground the in engaging from money, benefits, tangible to h need connected. They need to project this image of being able to protect the people in the team. The underground lottery gamblers play for the thrill, entertainment, and create a 5.1

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. .D 208 members. This members.

se se they have a good class class gamblers share ir bets with the same -

10,000 baht per draw. Those who have - sell underground lottery with their family

herefore herefore gambling does not have an impact on use placing bets as a way to soothe their feelings their soothe to way a as bets placing use bout 300 ru” ru” in the group of friends. The choice to buy 2 or 3 digits, teng or on regularly. Some even buy the government lottery in case they win. they case in lottery government the buy even Some regularly. on

ferences. The joint characteristics that middle class class gamblers constantly want new things becau class class underground lottery gamblers like to regularly meet up with - - Inspiration Inspiration for the numbers come from things around the gamblers such as Middle Middle the gamblers prefer the running numbers, which need a higher bet. This is based totally based is This bet. higher a need which numbers, running the prefer gamblers the on personal pre This is considered the “cultured” way, or knowledgeable way to place bets. Some of from own developed even their formula available to gain information the gamblers the the status as a “gu tote, above or underground depends on the budget and personal preferences. Some of dreams, dreams, car license plate numbers, motorcycle license plate numbers, home address, following friends, clients, family and the age of those who passed away. Some have bet they numbers risk they are willing to take. In addition, they usually place the people unless absolutely necessary. If they change sellers, they usually rotate within 3 they deem fit. as on luck or feeling depending sellers interacting interacting with others. There are exchanges of family information and friends with about conversation of topic high a becomes which probability numbers, behavior modelling a is There lottery. underground on bets placing of culture the builds resulting in an organization culture normalizing gambling. Gamblers admit that it is a during tough times. In addition to gambling, powers status. improving with their and of winning hopes supernatural they also engage in prayers to the income that supports their modern taste. Gamblers use placing bets as a means for careers. careers. The budget for betting is a family businesses explained that they started gambling because of financial problems they have experienced. This economic impact has an inevitable relationship with the gamblers Therefore, situation. political their livelihood. their people in their social circles. They have a wide social network through their good who is a gambler. There are also those who in addition to their own personal online business. The university lecturer with a Ph is also interested in underground lottery. The research findings indicate respondents with a family have additional income t

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

209

ambler ambler decides on d always come out on nning numbers from the class class g -

, they would celebrate. Making merit usually comes comes usually merit Making celebrate. would they , be be the winning number, some of the gamblers would be

ause they believe the dealers would protect them. In addition, addition, In them. protect would dealers the believe they ause used to getting discounts and paying later. Although, the government the Although, later. paying and discounts getting to used

Facebook Facebook for their own safety. For them placing bets is an expense

y do not rely on statistics but rather follow the same numbers regardless

According According to respondents, happiness is presented through the excitement of Research Research findings indicate that before the middle underground lottery gambling from Thailand completely because gamblers are so used so are gamblers because completely Thailand gamblingfrom lottery underground also are They it. to lottery gives a higher reward, gamblers might choose to bet both on underground and sufficient they is This the lottery. have to do so. income above because they feel that underground lottery gambling is not a big offence. Thus, they don’t think think they don’t Thus, offence. big a not is gambling lottery underground that feel they that placing bets on underground lottery is bad for their reputation. However, they do not place bets on like any other that they spend on regularly. Thus, it would be impossible to abolish very very upset. They might not talk to anyone for days. The underground lottery gamblers not openly fearing themselves express They fun. bets for placing as look at themselves bec is This all. at police the winning. When they get the money the get they When winning. after when they get paid by the dealer. It is their belief that it is fortune that they must share for the less fortunate. However, if they do not buy the number that they have planned to and it happens to However, However, not all gamblers believe that double numbers woul Buddhist holy days. In terms of beliefs in interpreting candle drops, it is prevalent in with mediums and hermits. groups line of trees such as the bodhi or takien, talking with friends, and looking at tree leaves. The leaves. tree at looking and friends, with talking takien, or bodhi the as such trees of numbers for selection would reduce base on screening the wi addition, individuals. In of experiences beliefs and the dependson This draw. previous there are beliefs about the day Buddhist holy days such as the start of Buddhist Lent. the news presented in the in presented mass media. the news trunks scratching interpretation, dreams from numbers out seek would the bets, placing include include the fact that they usually have a number in mind, watch television, and follow the social trend on social media in order to help them make the decisions in betting on numbers. The of whether it is not being sold as determined by the dealer based on consideration of

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

210 e writers writers e 50,000 baht. The bribes - face, face, and through Line - to l worth it. Some of the sellers sellers the of Some it. worth l - ing bets through the website. ced. ced. They might need to distribute the

ate channel to place bets to ensure that

n’t usually remove sellers from their network.

class underground lottery gamblers starts with sales of - 10,000 baht are paid to the police in the district. The bribe to be - Communications Network

llers do not pay for the bribes to the police. The dealer takes the responsibility the takes dealer The police. the to bribes the for pay not do llers from from 5,000

In In the case that one of the major sellers cheated on the prize money payment, Underground Underground lottery business requires many payments to be made by the 5.1.2 The network of middle smaller sellers would have to take responsibility on their behalf. Some of the sellers the of Some behalf. their on responsibility take to have would sellers smaller cing cing their bets in order not to affect their profits. The dealers in the past would may not be able to pay so they end up quitting the business. The rest would so a it to pay up quitting rest as take able they end the business. The may not be th of Some involved. risk the in takes part network the in everyone that lesson, bets bets to other dealers, when certain numbers are not being sold. The sellers would get the prize. if the wins the money, buyer some of the would not change dealers. Dealers do They would place bets through conversations. fax, The relationship between telephone, dealer and sellers face is a friendly relationship when they receive more money than the bets pla most important factor is a convenient and priv they dealers, with bets place to choose might Sellers problems. subsequent no are there sellers payment, on defaulting like issues no are there If time. long a for known not have placing placing bets can be done anywhere considered safe for instance a friend’s one’splace, own home, or office. Some of the sellers promote plac which considered, be to need that factors many are there dealer, a selects seller a When includes trust, rates, conditions on sales in the system, reliability, and experience. The in clearing the issue in case the issue of arrests. in clearing stil is it earned, revenue the considering However, dealers. give discounts to people, who help them sell. This includes free bets placed. Today ranging paid to the headquarters would be protecting about dealers from complaints and subsequent arrests. Research findings indicate 400,000 baht for special privileges se the that in pla receive 30 million baht per drawing. The second generation (children) would make about 10 million baht. sellers make The anywhere from 3,000 the bets as a means for making a living of someone close to the individual. There are both new and old sellers. Some sell and place bets as well. They are usually careful in

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

211 ams ams to ngs. For its) and 50 and its) ers ers usually get ler ler dealers can also work s also covered by the mass n of their dreams, car license car dreams, their of n all levels of the network. The network. the of levels all

s to seek out good numbers. The numbers. good out seek to s or latest 15:00 hrs. The winn

Most of the sellers do not openly reveal themselves in the real world and on The The source of numbers used by sellers is the same as underground lottery social social media. There are some, who do. There is no respondent, who openly discusses all all the time. Therefore, the stringers are no longer necessary because they have been in open quite is relationship technology. The by replaced sold not are numbers what Facebook on post even Some bets. accept openly also sellers decisions. the appropriate can make clients their so that media and online media. Sellers, who also place bets, usually focus on selling. For them them For selling. on focus usually bets, place also who Sellers, media. online and media placing bets is secondary. Major dealers can openly sell underground lottery because of the relationship they have with phone mobile the the through dealers major the with police. contact can they because conveniently The smal gamblers do not wait to check the winning number from the government lottery on the government lottery the on number the winning to check from do not wait gamblers radio, television, or winning number sheets. They don’t even have to seek out good numbers, because everything is in their environment. It i gamblers. They usually buy numbers from the interpretatio the from numbers buy usually They gamblers. plate, and home address. In addition, they also buy the numbers hinted in the Chinese with groups Line in messages rely or Facebook on pages visit them of Some calendars. application download who those also are There friends. accept accept the placing of bets up to 13:00 hrs money on the day or within three days. The sellers tend to pay themselves and collect later. dealer the from three three digits would from 500 reduce to 450 tote baht from or 100 to baht. baht A 90 fee dig (2 baht 5 as such seller the to made payment the from deducted be would baht (3 digits). also The payment depends on the closeness of the relationship with the buyer and whether the number is one of those that were not sold. The sellers would dealers dealers would reduce risk by distributing the bets placed on certain numbers to other dealers. Almost all of the dealers do not pay the full amount instance, the of prize money for 2 the digits would be winni reduced from 70 baht to 65 baht. The make mistakes in the numbers have to make mistakes and make on theirpayment the own. order to In solve this problem some of the writers have helpers to check out the numbers before sending it off to reduce the risk. In addition, the dealers use The losses.computer reduce to payout possible the and bets progr receiving between ratio the calculate

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

212 . Thus, . tworks. tworks. lowly create ct their beingct secrets careful class underground lottery gamblers lottery underground class -

face interaction. Therefore, people would s - to - term because it did not require a large sum to place bets. sum large it to place bets. did not a because require term -

g nly reveal themselves, do so only among a select group as a means to face communication is no longer required. Placing bets has changed from changed has bets Placing required. longer no is communication face . Some believed that bad economy meant more people would gamble on - to - “Computer mediated communications occur in the context, where no one knows one no where context, the in occur communications mediated “Computer Humans Humans are social animals that have thoughts and feelings wanting to join one

Discussion of Research Findings

line identities to protect their gender and real characteristics. In addition, there is the the is there addition, In characteristics. real and gender their protect to identities line - out winning the lottery and show that they are having a special meal that is not creation creation of multiple identities. It is also found that most of the communicators choose the to protect truth from They attemptothers. also to prote necessary too luxurious. necessary the other. There is no face on instead. instead. As for the dealers and sellers, when they want to communicate with clients, they can use Line groups to make announcements. In these groups people would talk ab some of them do not dare to openly present themselves in pages that give away high probability numbers. Gamblers would often visit pages and use applications to check the winning numbers. This reduces the power of the supernatural because instead o being active seekers of numbers, they are receiving information from various sources both in reality and in the online world. This results in the creation of social ne face Often not has technology However, messages. Line become to stringers through passed being middle among trust much create to able been another another in activities, thus communications became important for these interactions. Humans are different therefore; the creation presented be of could self the today, society digital the In situations. various in identity expression and self was needed for would survive in the lon in the would survive 5.2 varied varied greatly the underground lottery. However, some believed the opposite saying that when the economy is bad no one wants to gamble. It can be surmised that underground lottery the technique they use in communicating to protect themselves from police Those, who ope arrest. maintain their reputation known in the social sellers and circles dealers the of as opinions the someone indicate findings research powerful The connections. through police

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

, p. 213 class class - 2018 (

capitalist society. The The society. capitalist -

th others through their neo y gamblers do not openly Asawin Asawin Nedpogaeo class class underground lotter - al is al money prize to bettingthe higher compared they with people ground lottery gamblers does not require the stringer. They could fied fied with the process in managing the personal information. Thus, they , it makes the communications with the dealer much more convenient. class class under class class underground lottery gamblers want to show off their possessions through

Humans Humans are social animals that are surrounded by communications. When - - are are familiar with. The changes in be following figure. gamblers summarized in the lottery can underground the communications network of middle However, However, it makes the dealer even more secretive because online gamblers need to accept the risk of paying for the bet right up front without knowing who is getting the money. But the appe not very satis potential the noticed also have sellers The bets. their place to friends their on rely often of the website and has been attempting to distribute the placing addition of bets online. In communications communications change, the behavior also changes. The communications network of middle There meeting. personal or telephone, messages, Line through seller the contact directly are they although website, the on purchases make who those, in trend growing a also is the connection with gambling such as winning from their address or car license plate. Thus, it can be said that middle but lurk good looking themselves, for numbers. around express where others winners others the orwhere can congratulate their exchange views. These people have this in number in grown also They objective. homogeneous a middle to reveal personal information. They might provide information through conversations personal information. information might provide They to reveal in a form of play to confirm their group membership,” 228). Underground lottery gamblers maintain relationship wi status in their online space. This is like opening their house to create a conversation

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214

(2003), who who (2003),

Channels Website Meeboon Modern Communications Tara Tara ere such behavior is prevalent, isprevalent, behavior such ere nce. nce. They are the people, who gal lottery than those who did not. not. did who those than lottery gal of life. It is during this period that

Class Underground Lottery Class Underground

class class - learning frame. All value is evaluated based based evaluated is value All frame. learning

Seller

Dealer Gamblers

Middle Stringer

class class underground lottery gamblers have a lifestyle of joining group - Gamblers in the Digital in the Digital Gamblers Era Communications of Middle Network

1 Personal Personal Class Class Underground Purchase Purchase . - Line Phone Society Society has a structure that determines the feelings and behavior of individuals 5 Middle

Lottery Gamblers Communications Network Middle Figure Figure on this framework, which predetermined been is have that actions through constructed is reflected structure The reproduction. in everyday life continuously, known as the process of social formation in the early stages values, beliefs, rules, as such conditions social with along implanted are values various norms, knowledge, and thoughts. As the individual absorbs this structure, it becomes and behavior determines that boundary the studied the factors influencing illegal gambling in Bangkok, which found that gamblers, that found which Bangkok, in gambling illegal influencing factors the studied ille in more engaged acquaintances gambler had who based on the concept of habitus presented by Bourdieu. It is defined as the product of have have the objective in joining an entertaining activity. They gamble along with their wh families in up grow Some workplace. their in friends of work the with line in is This behavior. such copy they so activities that are not limited in terms of time and dista are interested in a common goal. The dealer and sellers of all sizes and gamblers all

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

. 215 Class - Phasuk Phasuk 9), which

199 (

(Bourdieu, 1994) type of deal can only

tie, while the sellers and and sellers the while tie,

Kananukul class gambler class

- rs would enter into negotiations Middle time dealers were secretive. However, However, secretive. were dealers time Chawanuan - ther ther external structure ……………………………

level, and small and level, 154). 154). The small deale - - Seller 153

, pp. connectedness. connectedness. They can reveal themselves only because they have a (2000

power to police with coordinate in area the to protect their underground

ularly ularly true for the symbolic capital. Thus, the owner of symbolic capital Underground Lottery Gamblers Underground The Level of of MiddleThe in Level the Communications Network Openness well

et et al.

Dealer 2 . he he behavior and communications network of underground lottery gamblers. 5 weak a are dealers and sellers between relationship The

Figure Figure happen happen when the dealers know one another or someone acts as the coordinator. Pongpaijit with major dealers, who have more resources, to protect themselves from risk. They would make deals on certain popular numbers to make sure that sufficient money to they pay in would case the number have actually wins. This gamblers have a strong tie. There is no relationship between dealers and gamblers. This This gamblers. and dealers between relationship no is There tie. strong a have gamblers is the way the underground lottery business is operated, which is in line with

flaunt flaunt their good relationship with the police. Today, the dealers are past as in the the following in as figure. darkness presented no longer hiding in the their their self. This finding contradicts the study of studied t mid major, that found study The this research found that on contrary to previous work, the dealers are more open and have have economic and symbolic capital. They are influential in society or in their work. have the They reveal openly dealers These media. social in and world real the in both business lottery based based on habitus, which is determined by ano Thus, the structure determines and is determined with regards to ownership of capital. This is partic has the symbolic power. Dealers and sellers have connections with the police. They

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

216 network for facilitate the ke ke successful

ottery gamblers ottery tween the classes. classes. tween the selves selves to a limited class class gamblers live - g in interactions and interactions in g income job that does not -

p of dealers. Nowadays, bets can be placed with anyone, thus , roles, and relationship in the network is created to provide nderground lottery gamblers pass on these beliefs. Underground class class u class create a culture of gambling that the lower class cannot achieve. This achieve. cannot class lower the that gambling of culture a create class - - The The culture of fortune seeking is based on luck, beliefs, and the supernatural. The The positions The most important aspect of taste as defined by Bourdieu in terms of classes The The middle lottery is like a souvenir. When people travel, they share stories about good numbers understanding. understanding. In addition, there are other communications making technological it more convenient to tools reveal their self in the that Line groups or quickly. done This and be media. easily social can other identity does not have to be strong. Selling bets is a high meanin provide to language their create Dealers work. hard require self definition. For instance, words like teng, tote, running numbers, or numbers that are not sold. These become tools with members in the network to reach a common lucky, help society, have a good heart, like to make merit, have many friends, generous generous friends, many have merit, make to like heart, good a have society, help lucky, to share good numbers, not affected by gambling, and reveal them circle. In the case of close relationships with insider knowledge, the expression of professional businessmen, who are honored, have good status, and education. They can They education. and status, good have honored, are who businessmen, professional skillfully predict the numbers, are often lucky, have good kharma support, have wide l underground of presentation The reach. to hard are and network, social are fortune seekers also includes the view that they have stable businesses, are always skillfully, using computer programs for calculation, experience, distributing bets to other and dealers. The dealers, sellers, and middle the good life. They seem to have a modern lifestyle living in luxury. They thebecome object of envy. This can be explained from the view that they seem li has been used as the tool to maintain the differences in the culture be the culture in differences the maintain toolthe to as used been has middle The difference is based on the taste, gambling in a knowledgeable way, placing bets the self. The collaboration dealers between and who is selling bets for which dealer, is known among the grou the need exclusivity. is no longer for there Protecting Protecting themselves from risk is a major driving force in expanding the customer dealers. is beneficial and the which business to the base, meaning for self. Language is an important aspect in the expression of symbolism of

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

217 Sangsit Sangsit class underground lottery gamblers is - 40), who explained about “huay pah”. The - 39 , pp.

53). class want. It shows their social capital because the loss of loss the because capital social theirshows want. It class o follow their rules, provide the benefit, and have faith in - - ety. ety. It is a sign to the community that a person should be 52 nners or have lower than standard character than the rest of specialization. specialization. For instance, to interpret the candle drops, the such societies the elite, who have political and economic power, , pp. fail fail to make the donation after winning a prize, they would be

gamblers (folk people). If these people cheat on their payments, they they payments, their on cheat people these If people). (folk gamblers Treerat Treerat et al. (2014 , 2016 class class - ionship aspect. The lifestyle of middle Gambling Gambling on underground lottery has rules, regulations, and manners defined Loose face is defined as the degradation of honor and reputation. It is found that found is It reputation. and honor of degradation the as defined is face Loose

Nuannoi Nuannoi nor is what the middle the is what nor relationship is something that money cannot buy and cannot be regained. This is in line line in is This regained. be cannot and buy cannot money that something is relationship with the relat expressed through their nature. They show mutual respect, don’t ask for the money, type This clients.regular for or very close arethey discounts,when credit, and provide ho of Piriyarangsan by the group. The gamblers need to accept the conditions set by has is the thus product, economic an is dealers, lottery Underground different. or which same the be might cheaters. Bechtel explained that shame culture differs based on the form and context of context and form the on based differs culture shame that explained Bechtel cheaters. interpretation of each soci ( community the leave to forced be would they Thus, accepted. not and shunned need to maintain face and take care of their image as good people. Shame culture stems culture Shame people. good as image their of care take and face maintain to need from the behavior, where those who are punished are view as not being good people. They are viewed as si society. These people would be branded as unacceptable. They would be blamed as them. sometimes losing face in Asian society leads to more economic loses loses. In in social capital than group. group. When they humiliated by being forced to leave the group. They are degraded and looked down upon. This is because the owner of the group wishes to maintain order in their space. They only accept those wh to the lower the to would be banned from placings bets or sometimes their property would confiscated be until they paid their debt. These people are also punished by the mediums in the Line both in the real both in the real world andsocial on of interpretation media. The numbers is personal a skill that requires to travel to need gamblers such individuals monks respected or as hermits to exchange their information. The research findings also revealed that punishment was meted out

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

218 for for the benefit benefit in - 574). 574). This is in

, p. class class underground lottery - iman, iman, 2017

v Hin class. It is said that the rich bet on the - class would try to buy government lottery lottery government buy to try would class - & Somsuk

ight feel irritated if their number is not sold but they would would they but sold not is number their if irritated feel ight Kaewthep Kaewthep class class and the lower - tion is much more than just a calculation of cost or 3 digits. This depends entirely on their taste in gambling, which which gambling, in taste their on entirely depends This digits. 3 or

s the guideline for the selection of objects in consumption. This Kanchana in determining the numbers. Today gamblers look at the probability. They They probability. the at look gamblers Today numbers. the determining in uld be summarized in the in the uld be summarized following figure. Taste Taste acts a

don’t just put their bets randomly. In fact, they learn to place bets on related numbers as found in this study. The communications of the middle co gamblers They would bet on 2 on bet would They differs between the middle stock exchange, the poor bet on underground lottery. This reduces the power of the supernatural line with the study that shows that the middle the that shows that study the with line m They numbers. sold not or would keep they don’t if they even it is they win good but If try to follow that number. tote. or teng underground, and above both buy might They number. same the on betting results results from income. When people have money and pass through culturalization, they have higher taste, which is in line with the conclusion made by Boudieu. The choice people make for consump economic terms ( asking asking the people to pay up, they can than gambler seller is more just and the money. between relationship choose to clear the debt. This shows the meaning meaning went beyond the economic product. It was about the relationship since the clients, The later. pay and bets place to people allow they bets, more sell to wants seller who get this offer feel honored and they trust the seller more. This is the basis social capital among those in the community. In some cases, if the seller is bored in

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

219

Class Thai Society Class Thai - Reflections of in Lottery Underground Middle

3 . Information seeking behavior could be used to explain the quest to find numbers numbers find to quest the explain to used be could behavior seeking Information 5 m mass media and online media. The research findings indicate that the receivers can can access information easily and quickly. The news about underground overwhelming. lottery It fulfills is the needs of the people in this modern age, who can easily Figure Figure fro

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- y.

220 d honor. The esults in a stronger ir decisions for the ectly associated with the class. class. This is contradictory to - class. class. This r -

hat hat underground lottery gamblers express their class class gamblers have more trust an - Today mediums can pass the information about

class underground lottery gamblers, is the different way they way different the is gamblers, lottery underground class - . Technology has been used by dealers in form of programs that calculate the The The research findings indicate t ssed on. Sometimes having dealer parents does not guarantee the success of the

relationship relationship within the network. The research findings indicate that when the lower class gamblers do not pay, the would be shunned sometimes their possessions would be confiscated. However, the middle following in the money from table. as summarized of them is not as strict collection occasional occasional thrill on the first and sixteenth middle of for thing important every month. In addition, the most are treated when compared gamblers from the lower and and anytime. From the past supernatural. The gamblers when had to invest their numbers time and knowledge to were delve into the dir theyunknown. Today can just follow information on the available websites. Gamblers use probability, which is a scientific methodology to make the the traditional culture, where numbers come from the supernatural. People had to travel travel to had People supernatural. the from come numbers where culture, traditional the to many places to get the numbers. Gamblers modern. more lottery underground makes This groups. Line through numbers can check the winning numbers for any draw through their mobile phones anywhere long as it presents hope to the people through exchange in terms of money, luck, and to stay. here is underground lottery relationship, identity and gambling culture in the way of the middle children. children. Being a dealer is an idiosyncratic characteristic that cannot be passed along. necessar is relationship strong a build to people and resources, area, an of control The The underground lottery network is deeply entrenched in Thai society. Therefore, as access access it risk. They rely on information as their capital. The cannot dealer the of identity research The influence. and power to related is lottery underground findings indicate that be pa

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

221

technology to timers. They be timers. could

Identity andIdentity Culture Modern Underground Lottery Underground Lottery Modern probability. probability. place fun, lottery for bets Underground no has excitement, and occasional create expenses. their effect channels. channels. part are Sellers not thus they are anyone, skillful nor expertise. have to bets many send Sellers dealers channels. through various gamblers lottery do not Underground openly by the law and strictly abide themselves. express gamblers lottery transform Underground into scientific calculations supernatural personally. communicated gamblers lottery place Underground regularly using knowledge bets their risk through analysis and reducing Dealers take bets in secret, reduce take in bets secret, reduce Dealers in take self, bets any not express power, fines. pay occasionally and location, with an in communicate sellers Dealers using way informal distance, time, of and number reduce employees. of status their reveal in a variety Sellers

time employees with time employees -

Culture Comparison of Traditional and Modern Underground Lottery Modern ofComparison and and Underground Traditional Identity Identity andIdentity Culture

1 . 5 Traditional Underground Lottery Lottery Traditional Underground placing bets because they believe it they bets because believe placing economic capital. to creating would lead without knowledge, not careful in not careful without knowledge, high risk. bets, and placing lottery about serious are Underground Underground lottery gamblers believe in gamblers lottery believe Underground and luck, fate. the supernatural, bets gamblers lottery place Underground Underground lottery gamblers fear the gamblers the lottery fear Underground careful self are in their and law expression. skills and understanding. skills and understanding. to regular bets their send Most sellers dealer. Sellers express their self their in limited express Sellers circles. full are Sellers Dealers with communicate sellers Dealers large a of and use number formally employees. Dealers express self having as expansive express Dealers good relationship with police, network, fines. regularly pays and Table Table

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

222 class. - class class is - class class has - ed to place place to ed

. The middle

. Identity andIdentity Culture class class are very conscious about their - class class underground lottery gamblers’ Modern Underground Lottery Underground Lottery Modern - Underground lottery gamblers search gamblers lottery search Underground their place through and bets numbers for of channels. variety a gamblers lottery honor Underground relations maintain good withand sellers.

(Siamrath (Siamrath Online, 2018) class class are not about interested politics and society. - ch for for ch 19 virus. Some of the gamblers, then shift then gamblers, the of Some virus. 19 (Brandthink, 2020)(Brandthink, - en it comes to underground lottery, they turn a blind a turn they lottery, underground to comes it en

talist system. endless struggle.” endless do not want those below them to be better than them. Thus, they are

Identity andIdentity Culture class class truly desire democracy, fair and just elections, give importance to rights The The research findings indicate that the most important event in Thai lottery The The expansion of the Thai economy has led to the growth of the middle The The research explained that the middle - y tend not to express views that challenge the government power because they fear they fear becausepower the government that challenge expressto views not tend y Traditional Underground Lottery Lottery Traditional Underground d freedom. This includes freedom of speech, expression of opinions, religious beliefs, religious opinions, of expression speech, of freedom includes This freedom. d personal face to face face communications. personal strict gamblers lottery are Underground credit. in maintaining their Underground lottery gamblers lottery sear Underground their place through and bets numbers history is the government’s decision to stop lottery draw as part of the Covid measures the of in spread the controlling eye eye to it. They do not strong express views that oppose to this illegal business. This is because the underground lottery gamblers gain both direct and indirect benefits based of capi on the perspective an importance and violence, of threat the without live to rights information, true assessing of competition under clear fair laws wh However, law. the in confident The negative consequences to their economic or work position. On the positive note, the middle This new group has a major impact in society. However, the role of middle both positive and negative consequences. They focus on over consumption and use resources in abundance. The middle status. They in who consume point in the consumerist to the society, of being Some ingrained debt. do not have a high income but do have a high expenditure. Therefore, they tend to be in an embroiled were they However, issues. many to sensitive were normally, network communications strong adherents to underground lottery. “Middle

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

223 rnment rnment control. The class engage engage class - - class gamblersclass siness picks up -

, “take a break, then break, a “take , thing money cannot buy”. The class, class, who are more open about class class is more compromising than - nding. They realize that gambling ns, and communications technology, to social problems. Gambling is a risky

class class underground lottery gamblers have -

face face interactio - tment tment of the middle to - nge value to maintain relations value nge in society.

class underground lottery gamblers are not serious about placing their bets (they (they bets their placing about serious not are gamblers lottery underground class In underground the addition, middle sellers, and In dealers, lottery With With the familiarity to government lottery drawing, interpersonal - be confiscated until the debts are paid. Thus, it can be said that the middle the that said be can it Thus, paid. are debts the until confiscated be symbolic excha in logic of respect one another with regards to the collecting the money owed. They tend to gamble gamble to tend They owed. money the collecting the to regards with another one respect to create network, thus, the trea lowerwith the class. if For instance, the lower money class owed their property would middle don’t sell their property to place bets) despite probability numbers. This is different the from the lower presentation of hints for high habits. gambling their does does not replace the earnings from a regular job or other types of investment. They know “what is right and wrong but can’t resist the temptation to bet”. These people gamble because of the feeling that they label as “some gambling, gambling, they might be turn to crime leading behavior in particular when there is no limit in spending and lack of self research findings indicate that middle financial resources, have knowledge and understa communications communications through face gamblers continuously place bets. In addition, there are more channels in placing bets with involved are they once because group youth the is risk at group The online. as such gamblers gamblers wait for the announcement in anticipation. Every unit in the network enjoy the thrill together. Therefore, they can easily bounce back and the bu right away. Underground lottery is more than just gambling, it is a tool to bring better in the people to the country. welfare when society in the capitalist system has reduced demand. Thus, the sales of lottery was was lottery of sales the Thus, demand. reduced has system capitalist the in society when thrill the fore desire their revived have consumers until hold on put come back again as usual”. The charm of underground lottery is the feeling that their their bets on the Government Savings be could itThus, Lottery. Malay Lottery, and Hanoi LaosLottery, as such Bank’s applications lottery or foreign lottery through said that the underground lottery did not only rely on the drawing of the gove back step a take to willing is government the that indicate findings research The lottery.

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

224 expenses in expenses

nseen nseen tax” for the ers. ers. It can be said that term. term. In addition, the - t gambling is not restricted restricted not is gambling t class class is crucial for economic income income groups are at risk. The - - amblers, amblers, who would spend on it on in the economy from underground from economy the in on This is because underground lottery would class g

- to the bets, person receiving who could move

class class is different from the labor group having - f social groups. The decision to categorize self into self categorize to decision The groups. social f sed sed on the Weberian concept, “without social class, being being through crimes, family problems, and economic - class class is fluid and flexible in their negotiations with the - The consideration of the money in circulati in money the of consideration The The The research findings also reflect the reduction of the power of the dealer. It is consumption. They have the purchasing power; thus, they have the ability to promote investment and economic growth for Thailand in the long government government should review underground gambling to collect “this u benefit of the country. This is in line with the World Urbanization Prospects, by the United Nations, which explained that their through development economic in critical is group This development. the middle removed removed from society. Gamblers can easily available. In addition, place there are no limitations in the age of play bets through various services these means of gambling are secretive but they are known. These channels for placing bets do not put a limit on age, thus youth and low not to disturb social well tha reality the of aware be should government The problems. to underground lottery. There are other means of gambling online, which cannot be continue continue to exist because the gambling culture has social mechanisms that continue to support it. Therefore, there should be a way to make underground lottery gambling become an attractive choice order in gambling of the control to way careful a have should middle government The voluntarily. lottery is very significant. Thus, the government should set policies to bring the money money the bring to policies shouldset government the Thus, significant. very is lottery circulated in the underground lottery into the system. It is unnecessary to set the goal in eradicating underground lottery totally. access access to production and resources. However, everything o classifications enables depends that identity on capital and any particular social group depends on political situation and economics. The dealer identity their to choose reveal accordingly. status and adjust their can observed observed that the middle economy, society, and politics. Ba capitalism cannot survive”, the middle no longer necessary for the dealer to have an expansive social network within the frame frame the within network social expansive an have to dealer the for necessary longer no of a formal group. The is dealer reduced be can It business. the maintain to order in secretive be to bets accepting in location the

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

- 225

Class Sunee -

the work of

he he desire to the break off, want to be with friends, friends, with be to want off, - lity of humans, who wish to have have to lity who wish of humans, munication munication Network of Middle e e relationship and identity. Therefore, class underground lottery gamblers”. gamblers”. lottery class underground - and and Com

ities Ident

Gamblers” examines an illegal topic. The researcher, subsequently, researcher, The topic. illegal an examines Gamblers”

o 9), who explained that media presents sex as a taboo product that is he he financial information could be examined. In terms of the money 199 Lott (

The study titled, “ rea the gambling lottery reflects Underground This study does not promote or oppose underground lottery gambling. The goal goal The gambling. lottery underground oppose or promote not does study This Limitations

gambling and communications network of the underground lottery gamblers. lottery underground of the network and communications gambling own business or have many sources of income including their family business income. income. including business of income family many their sources have own business or Thus, not all of t used in buying and selling underground lottery, the findings could represent the Underground Underground needed to collect financial information. However, some of the respondents, have their “underground lottery” creates the place where people can meet in the network those meet of people where can place the lottery” creates “underground “middle identity,as with a common known 5.3 a a better life. They have feelings of love, anger, and passion. They have a show stream to want life, their of in thrills wanting needs, unfulfilled and have a conversation topic. This builds th sold continuously in Thai society. This is because humans have t rules. The more something is secretive, the more the desire to know more. Thus, there social the violates or taboo is it because public in sex of presenting the limiting rules are norms. is to reflect the reality of the human condition. This is in line with Vaewmanee been has that product a is sex However, society. Thai of values good the with conflict in government government income in developing countries should benefit from this Middle 2050: group Forward (Looking through nation the of prosperity economic the for tax collected 2020). Growth, class

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

226 class. class. This -

rs today. rs today.

class gambleclass - ndations

man, and determining the channel of sales. The goal is to protect to is goal The sales. of channel the determining and man, -

endations: Examine Examine media of news ethics and role of media in the presentation news the determining in media online of role or direction the Examine Examine Examine practice and risk factors regarding gambling stakeholders. The The government should have the policy in bringing underground The government should have a system to limit the gambling. This

) ) ) 2 3 1 Recommendations Academic 1) 2) General Recomme General lottery lottery fulfills the needs of the gamblers, who want to try and enjoy ne ne in an attempt to bring illegal revenues into the system to develop the

class class gamblers have the purchasing power. They are more open because mation about gambling for a common understanding. understanding. mation about gambling common a for 5.4.2 5.4.1 underground of network communications the that indicate findings research The - Recommendations

agenda agenda on social media in order to create better understanding of the middle among culture gambling lottery underground for their own safety. own safety. their for of infor In particular, the youth group has to be protected through awareness and media literacy literacy media and awareness through protected be to has group youth the particular, In should include limitations on the age of gamblers, amount of money placed on bets, middle the controlling social youth from problems. and togambling prevent children lottery lottery above the ground through the creation of modern communications network to determine the sales and prize money that fulfills the needs of the middle should be do country. the economy. In addition, this would result in employment. The researcher has the following recomm lottery lottery gamblers has reduced formality. Bets can be placed anywhere and anytime. Middle underground themselves. This group does not create social problems. In the flip side they stimulate 5.4

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

227

class class to examine the -

ic perspectives. ic perspectives.

class class and the lower - arch arch should compare the identity and communications uture research should examine gambling online communications F Future rese Future Future research should examine gamblers’ identity and presentation

) ) ) 2 3 Recommendations for Future Research Research Future Recommendations for 1

5.4.3 network network between those in the middle differences. network network both locally and internationally in order to study the various communications on gamblers classes. impact all in social subsequent the dimensions and of self through the online communications network such as various gambling pages in academ knowledge various to create to reflect order

NIDA E-THESIS 5911831014 dissertation / recv: 19092563 13:37:02 / seq: 20 140904081

eved eved from . Phathum 456612 - (Unpublished (Unpublished

- identity of cover of cover identity . Paris: Ed.. Paris: Du Seuil.

gambling and its response response gambling and its

436089 - นไม่ถูกหวยรัฐ

http://www.gamblingstudy (Unpublished thesis),(Unpublished Chulalongkorn master's ความน่าจะเป็ Communication and subculture ottery traders submit the letter of the Minister of submit traders ottery the of letter the BIBLIOGRAPHY Gambling behaviors and communication networks of networks behaviorsGambling and communication Identity, theory review framework theory and conceptual Identity, Media presentationsMedia on anti

https://www.prachachat.net/finance/news Media science, principles, science, innovation concept Media (Unpublished master's thesis), Thammasat University, University, thesis),(Unpublished master's Thammasat

Raisons pratiques. Sur la théorie de l'action Raisons pratiques. de Sur la théorie ng her weight. The 1st prize goes only one. Retrieved from only one. goes The Retrieved ng her weight. 1st prize rize. Retrieved from Retrieved from rize. dance preformers preformers dance for would like Ranee" "Bella pay mother to hold a her 1st heavy Chad. prize losi after https://www.dailynews.co.th/entertainment/723848 thousand Retri baht. than 2 hundred received more tickets, 80 lottery https://www.thairath.co.th/entertain/news/1773623 Anon Sakvorawit. Retrieved from Retrieved from Anon Sakvorawit. th.org/issues_topic_1/239/1/1/ gamblers lottery the underground Bangkok. University, https://www.facebook.com/brandthink.me/posts/2684164418575760/ from 1. period Apr. Retrieved draw lottery to postpone the Finance https://www.prachachat.net/marketing/news p of European football leagues 2007 among University students. of European football leagues Bangkok. University, thesis), Chulalongkorn master's Council of Thailand. Research National Bangkok: Nakhon. Thani:

Entertainment News Team. (2020). Oh Oh, Sunari Ratchasima Duangheng won nearly won nearly Duangheng Team. Sunari News Oh Oh, Ratchasima (2020). Entertainment Ditthapong Prasertpitoon. (2015). (2015). Prasertpitoon. Ditthapong for money consoling Team. Mae Saipay News "Bella" prepares (2019). Entertainment Chawanuan Kananukul. (1999). Kananukul. Chawanuan Business News Team. (2020b). The Lottery Division (2020b). Lottery lottery the The insists Team. Business "not News postponing" get Gambling ... really? government lottery rich Play and for Studies. the (2018). Center Business News Team. (2020a). L Team. Business News Bourdieu, P. Bourdieu, (1994). Retrieved from it a middle is class. Because Society: (2020). Brandthink. Apinya Fuengfoosakul. (2003). Fuengfoosakul. Apinya (2018). Nedpogaeo. Asawin BIBLIOGRA PHY (2007). Smuthkochorn. Achira

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right to

. Bangkok: Winyuchon. . Bangkok:

. Mahasarakam: . Mahasarakam: Intanin. Streams of thinkers, theory, theory, of thinkers, Streams from from

asean/ 449695 - - newideology identity, symbol, media, . Bangkok: Tangtai. . Bangkok:

- . Bangkok: Amarin Book Center. Amarin . Bangkok: class - stories/news_970834 - media class beer consumption beer class in Phra Athit area iman. (2017). (2017). iman. The communication network of Chevajit group communication of Chevajit The network - v middle - Old media Old media

rom https://www.marketingoops.com/reports/ Male 3 cultures in 3 cultures Male their 60's Communicating taste and the consumption of Beer in of Beer taste consumption Communicating and the communication studies Cultural Mass communication: Theory and approach approach and communication:Mass of education Theory approach and communication:Mass of education Theory

research - Simple common sense Simple common aster's thesis), Thammasat University, thesis),aster's Thammasat Bangkok. thep. (2011). middle class. Retrieved f Retrieved middle class. research/hakuhodo of middle case A Thai society: m (Unpublished Chulalongkorn University. Chulalongkorn Preecha". of Teacher After the dismissed the money. the appeal court use https://www.thairath.co.th/news/local/central/1788133 from Retrieved Bangkok: Saradang. Bangkok: of Communication Chulalongkorn University. Arts, Faculty Bangkok: and political economy Savant Faculty of Communication Arts, Program, Research Bangkok: postponement of "Lottery Day". Retrieved "Lottery of postponement Day". https://www.prachachat.net/finance/news from ten thousand. the to meet Retrieved Time luck. gives straight https://www.khaosod.co.th/special thesis), Bangkok. University, master’s Chulalongkorn (Unpublished postponed the award to May 16, the Lottery Division board announced a Division a 16, the Lottery announced to May board the award postponed nee Patcharapimansakun. nee (1999). Mattakan Boonruang. (2014). Boonruang. Mattakan Marketing Oops! (2015). The divine middle class: a new perspective on the perspective (2015). a new Oops! ASEAN middle divine class: Marketing The Kasian Tejapira. (1994). (1994). Tejapira. Kasian Sitthisamarn. (1992). Khamnun thehas (2020). Team. Jaroon News "Uncle million "Ending" lottery 30 Local Kanchana Kaewthep Kaewthep al. et (2012). Kanchana (1996). Khawthep. Kanchana Kanchana Kaew Kanchana & Kaewthep, SomsukKanchana Hin Jaru (2002). Kaewthep. Kanchana Hot News Day Team. (2018). Oh, the whole city! Lucky number 'Mother Garakade' 'Mother number Garakade' Team. (2018). whole Oh, the Lucky city! Day Hot News Division Lottery willcontinue The (2020). to wait! Team. master News Lottery Finance

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230

. .

. Bangkok: (Unpublished (Unpublished

accurate according to accurate

. Bangkok: Center for for Center . Bangkok:

Important royal duties in His Majesty duties royal in His Majesty Important . . Songkha: Numsin. Songkha: Printing. ersity, Bangkok.ersity,

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Gambling, gamblingGambling, in Thai society Report of the Extraordinary of the Report Commission on issues and r for Gambling Studies, Faculty of Economics, Studies,r Gambling of Economics, Faculty for Lottery: Knowledge and meaning in the perspective of in the perspective and meaning Knowledge Lottery: Acceptance of establishment of legalized casino by policy of establishment policy by of casino Acceptance legalized Culture of the Thai middle class Culture Thai of the middle Community identityCommunity (Unpublished master's thesis), (Unpublished master's University, Chulalongkorn Lotto" for sale, convenient, easy easy convenient, buy, to sale, Lotto" for -

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Warawit Charoenlert. (1993). Warawit buying estate real behavior. Rungruangpol. factors affecting Social (2013). Witthawat Varidhi Onoparatvibool. (2006). Onoparatvibool. (2006). Varidhi Thitinan Wathanasin. (2001). Thitinan Wathanasin. Thanyakorn Boonmee. Boonmee. (2018). Thanyakorn Kanchana Thiranat ThaiPublica. (2015). "Attachak Satt "Attachak (2015). ThaiPublica. Team, P. N. (2019b). Retrace the 'on the ground' lottery 'tracks'. Recall the lottery that Retrace 'on the ground' P. 'tracks'. "Thaksin N. (2019b). Team, Meeboon. (2003). Tara income office, 5.97 billion, lottery News 15.1 billion profit (2019). Team. 7 years, TCIJ

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BIOGRAPHY 2009 Present Present - - time Lecturer time Lecturer time Lecturer time Lecturer - - Full Arts of (Thai) Bachelor of andHumanities Sciences Social Faculty Rajabhat University Ratchasima Nakhon Thailand Rachasima, Nakhon 2008 Full of Communication Arts Faculty University Vongchavalitkul Thailand Ratchasima, Nakhon Wachirarat Nirantechaphat Wachirarat (Journalism) Arts of Communication Master of Communication Arts Faculty Bangkok, Thailand University, Chulalongkorn of 2007 Graduation Year Arts of (2nd (Thai) ClassBachelor Honours) of andHumanities Sciences Social Faculty Thailand University, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen of 2003 Graduation Year 2009

EXPERIENCES BIOGRA PHY NAME ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

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