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Kent Rare Plant Register Draft Species Accounts P (Second Part: Polygo to Pyr)

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Kent Rare Plant Register Draft Species Accounts P (Second Part: Polygo to Pyr) 1 Kent Rare Plant Register Draft species accounts P (second part: Polygo to Pyr) Compiled by Geoffrey Kitchener and the Kent Botanical Recording Group Issue date: February 2020 2 Kent rare plant register This section of the register covers: In Part Pa – Polyga In Part Polygo – Pyr Parapholis incurva Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. raii Parentucellia viscosa Polygonum rurivagum Pedicularis sylvatica Polypodium cambricum Persicaria minor Polypogon monspeliensis Peucedanum officinale Potamogeton acutifolius Phelipanche purpurea Potamogeton coloratus Phleum arenarium Potamogeton friesii Pilosella peleteriana Potamogeton obtusifolius Plantago media Potamogeton pusillus Platanthera bifolia Potentilla anglica Platanthera chlorantha Potentilla argentea Poa bulbosa Potentilla erecta Poa infirma Prunus cerasus Polycarpon tetraphyllum Puccinellia fasciculata Polygala amarella Puccinellia rupestris Polygala serpyllifolia Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrus pyraster It is issued in draft, pending further development. Records, photographs and information regarding the occurrences of these plants in Kent will be welcome. The register accounts give priority to data from 2010 onwards, but some historic data are also included (however, generally not specific sites with no post-1970 records) so as to indicate trends and where the plant may yet be discovered or rediscovered. Distribution maps for records from 2010 onwards show vice counties 15 and 16 in white (the boundary between is a black line) and local authority boundaries by red lines. See the Kent webpage of the BSBI website at http://www.bsbi.org.uk/kent.html for the full Kent rare plant register list, the introduction to the register and a list of ‘probably extinct’ Kent plants. Abbreviations used in the text: Recorders’ initials: JA Jan Armitage RM Richard Moyse AC Andrew Cross JBev Jim Bevan RMB Rodney Burton ACH Andrew Henderson JC James Cadbury RoF Rosemary FitzGerald AL Alex Lockton JEL Ted Lousley RR Rosemary Roberts ALw Alan Lewis JJ Janet John SA Sheila Anderson BB Brian Banks JM Joumana Mobarak SB Sue Buckingham BS Barry Stewart JOM J.O. Mountford SK Sarah Kitchener CD Chris Dyson JP Joyce Pitt SL Stephen Lemon CDP Chris Preston JR Julian Russell SP Sue Poyser CEC Carter Ecological Consultants JRP John Palmer TI Tim Inskipp CN Chris Newbold JS Judith Shorter VE Vicky Elder CO Colin Osborne JW Jo Weightman WJM W.J. Morgan DC Danny Chesterman KF Kathy Friend DG Doug Grant LR Lliam Rooney DK Dorothy Kenward NC Neil Coombs Other abbreviations: EGP Eric Philp NFS Nick Stewart BM Natural History Museum FB Fred Booth OL Owen Leyshon herbarium FR Francis Rose PH Peter Heathcote BSBI Botanical Society for Britain & GK Geoffrey Kitchener PMH Peter Hollingsworth Ireland (and predecessor) GP G.Pell PR Pauline Rose KBRG Kent Botanical Recording Group GS Geoff Smith PW Phil Williams KFC Kent Field Club HM H. Miller RAC Ray Clarke NVC National Vegetation HW Hector Wilks RB Ros Bennett Classification IS Ian Sapsford RJK R.J. Keymer 3 Polygonum oxyspermum C.A. Mey & Bunge subsp. raii D.A. Webb & Chater (Ray’s Knotgrass) Draft account vc15; probably gone from vc16 Rarity / scarcity status Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. raii grows prostrate on the upper parts of sand, shingle or shell beaches around the coast of the British Isles. It is widely distributed, although less so in the east, and its threat status for conservation purposes is regarded as one of ‘Least Concern’, both in England and Great Britain as a whole. In Kent, it is scarce. Graveney Marshes beach. Photo by Lliam Rooney, 28 August 2015 Account Hanbury and Marshall (1899) give a first published record for Ray’s Knotgrass as by Francis Bossey in 1839, in an excursion described in the Proceedings of the Botanical Society of London of that year, when it was claimed to have been seen on the ditch banks on the east border in the Plumstead military practice-ground. Hanbury and Marshall describe this as a most unlikely station and so it would have been. It is best discounted.1 Otherwise, the oldest Kent record appears to be a specimen in Kew herbarium, gathered at Sandwich in January 1843. The species was regarded by Hanbury and Marshall (1899) as very rare on sandy or shingly beaches, and had been seen at Grain Spit, at Whitstable and on a sandy reach of land at the Sandwich end of Pegwell Bay, as well as by Marshall himself, in 1894, on the beach west of Sandgate. These sightings did not include Sheppey, which has suitable beaches, and it was recorded there, at the Isle of Harty, in 1938 by Lady Davy, and at Leysdown in 1955 by Donald Young. The north Kent and Sandwich locations continued to provide records for Philp (1982), whose 1971-80 survey noted the species in seven tetrads: at Grain, Sheppey, the north coast west of Seasalter as well as Sandwich Bay. Philp (2010) would appear to indicate that, at least in relation to the period 1991-2005, Ray’s Knotgrass had declined. It was specifically searched for at all suitable localities, but only found in three tetrads: on Sheppey (Leysdown-on-Sea and Warden Bay) and at Whitstable. It is, however, a come-and-go plant, annual or sometimes perennial, and our records for 2010-19 cover nine tetrads (14 monads), so it has either recovered or has been more fully recorded. Most records are on Sheppey or the related mainland, from Cleve Marshes eastwards through Whitstable (Tankerton) to Herne Bay. It is still some while since it has been seen at Grain 1 There is a reference in the Proceedings to this ‘Polygonum maritimum of Ray’ having been discussed at an earlier meeting, and an alternative version of the Proceedings, published in the Annals of Natural History (vol. 2, 1839) refers to Daniel Cooper having provided at an earlier meeting a paper of ‘Observations on a variety of Polygonum aviculare, called P. marinum of Hudson, etc. occurring abundantly in the margin of salt-water ditches in Kent and Essex’. This reinforces the inappropriateness of the habitat for P. oxyspermum, and no doubt it was a form of P. aviculare which was involved. 4 (where suitability may have been affected by coastal defence works) and Sandwich (which should still be suitable). There are gains at Dungeness and an atypical record for Folkestone (a casual on shingle away from the strandline). Graveney Marshes beach. Photo by Lliam Rooney, 28 August 2015 Overall, the species appears to be doing as well in Kent as it has ever done, if not better. There may be a parallel here with Calystegia soldanella (Sea Bindweed), Eryngium maritimum (Sea- holly) and Glaucium flavum (Yellow Horned-poppy): all shingle plants showing an increase in Kent records. However, strandline plants are notoriously erratic in their occurrence, and it has been said (Akeroyd, 20142) that it is unlikely that Ray’s Knotgrass has appeared every year for any length of time on any one beach. Its appearances may depend on winter storm surges turning over beaches; it grows out of reach of ordinary tides. Some local spread may occur without this: a small plant found at Dungeness in August 2012 had, a year later, either grown through the shingle or had seeded a number of smaller plants around it. This last localised effect does not suggest the impact of storm surges, whereas the occasional occurrence as a singleton could. Some occurrences are of substantial colonies: over 100 plants at Herne Bay in 2013; 50-60 at Leysdown-on-Sea in 2010; 16 at Tankerton in 2010. We have no record of plant associates in Kent, although sometimes Ray’s Knotgrass is sufficiently isolated that it appears misleading to refer to associates. Akeroyd (1994)3 gives Atriplex glabriuscula (Babington's Orache), Atriplex laciniata (Frosted Orache), Cakile maritima (Sea Rocket) and Salsola kali (Prickly Saltwort), any of which one might expect to see in the same habitat in Kent, and there are recent records for all these in locations where Ray’s Knotgrass has also been seen, although proximity is not mentioned. Tankerton. Photo by Sue Buckingham, 18 August 2010. Polygonum oxyspermum is distinguishable from the highly variable Polygonum aviculare (Knotgrass) by the glossy brown nuts being strongly exserted from the perianths; in P. aviculare they are non-projecting. Its leaves are also glaucous and fleshier than those of P. aviculare. It is also as well to check that plants are not Polygonum maritimum (Sea Knotgrass), which occupies similar habitats, although it has not been seen nearer to Kent than Brighton. The latter species does not have its nuts so far exserted, and has longer ochreae with 8- 12 veins (4-6 with P. oxyspermum). 2 Akeroyd, J.R. (2014). Docks and Knotweeds of Britain and Ireland. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, London. 3 Akeroyd, J.R. (1994). Polygonum oxyspermum C. Meyer & Bunge ex Ledeb. Ray’s Knotgrass. In (eds. Stewart, A., Pearman, D.A. & Preston, C.D.) Scarce Plants in Britain, JNCC, Peterborough. 5 Site Grid Site status Last record date Recorder Comments reference Leysdown-on-Sea TR0370 13 August 2018 KBRG meeting TR 03114 70997, shell-sand beach, near cross-beach barrier. Lydd Ranges TR0417 (1) 12 August 2013 (1) OL (1) The small plant discovered in (2) 10 August 2012 (2) OL (conf. 2012 appeared to have grown or TI) smaller plants had sprouted up around it. (2) TR 04449 17060, c. 100 m east of Galloways. Found following advice from a survey team for Environment. Cleve Marshes TR0464 18 August 2010 JA, LR 20 plants at TR 04220 64840. Leysdown-on-Sea, TR0469 (1) 14 October 2010 (1) SB (1) TR 04314 69931, sand & shingle Muswell Manor (2) 1991-99 (2) EGP beach - 50 to 60 plants. (2) Recorded as TR06P, may be same location. Cleve Marshes TR0564 12 July 2010 GK TR 05372 64867, sandy shore.
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