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Home , Occipital sinus

Anatomy Models

Special Sense

Foramina & Fissures of the Orbit Foramen Structures Passing 1- Optic nerve ( surrounded by its meninges ) Optic Foramen 2- Opthalmic artery

1- Occulomotor n. 2- Trochlear n. Sup. Orbital Fissure 3- Abducent n. 4- Ophthalmic .

1- Infra Orbital nerve Inf. Orbital Fissure 2- Infra Orbital artery 3- Orbital branch of sphenopalatine ganglion. 4- Emissary , between inf. orbital V. & .

Frontal air

Ethmoid air sinus

Branches of Olfactory Nerve

Sphenoid air sinus (Inside body of sphenoid)

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Vomer

Superior Oblique Muscle

From the post. part of the roof of The lat. Aspect of the eye ball between orbit antromedial to the optic sup. Rectus & lat. rectus foramen.

Trochlear n. ( 4 ) S.O.4

Inf. division Medial Rectus Sup. . division Superior Rectus Inf . division Inferior Rectus Abducent ( 6) LR 6 Lateral Rectus - The 4 recti muscle arise from tendinous ring at the apex of the o rbit surrounding the optic formen & the med. ends of the sup. & inf. orbital fissure - Origin of each one depends on the name.(e.g. Sup. Rectus from the sup. Part of the ring ) Insertion into the sup. , inf. , med. & lat. Surfaces of the sclera, short dista nce behind the corneo-scleral junction. All extraoccular muscles are supplied by occulomotor nerve(3) except: 1- Lat. Rectus ‰ supplied by abducent (6) Optic Nerve 2- Sup. Oblique ‰ supplied by trochlear (4)

Sup . Lacrimal gland Its Position is upper-lateral Lat . Med .

Right Eye Inf .

Sup. Oblique m.

Optic Nerve Inf. Oblique

Oval Round Ear Drum Promantry window window

Mastoid air cells

Mastoid Antrum

Aditus

I.C.R

Tensor Tympani muscle

Eustachian tube Tensor Palati muscle External auditory meatus

The medial wall ( nasal septum ) is formed by:

1- Septal cartilage ……………….… Anteriorly

2- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid .. Postero-superiorly

3- Vomer bone ……………………… Postero-inferiorly

Meatuses Received Openings Spheno -ethmoidal recess sphenoidal air sinus. Superior Post. ethmoidal air sinuses

Bulla ethmoidalis Middle ethmoidal air sinuses

Middle 1- Frontal air sinus. Hiatus Semilunaris 2- Anterior ethmoidal air sinuses. 3- Maxillary air sinus Inferior Opening of naso -lacrimal duct

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

Frontal air Sinus

Sup. Concha Sup. Meatus

Atrium

Middle Concha Middle Meatus

Vestibule Inf. Concha Inf. Meatus

Sphenoidal air sinus

Sterno -Mastoid m. (A) 1- Sternal Head: Rounded tendon From front of manubrium sterni O 2- Clavicular head: Flat fleshy head from the med. 1/3 of upper surface of the clavicle. C I 1- Lat. Surface of mastoid process. B1 2- Lat. 1/3 of sup. Nuchal line. N 1- Spinal accessory n. (motor) B2 2- Branches from C2,3 ( proprioceptive )

Digastric m . Hyoid bone

1- Ant. belly : (B1)

Arises from digastric fossa on the lower border of Thyro -hyoid membtane O mandible close to symphysis menti. 2- Post. Belly: (B2) D Arises from digastric notch on the med. surface of mastoid process. Thyroi d cartilage Into the intermediate tendon which is co nnec ted to the hyoid E1 I bone by a fibrous loop. A 1- Ant. belly: By n. to mylohyoid ( from mandibular n) N 2- Pos. belly: By facial n . as it develops from 2nd phryngeal arch.

Mylohyoid m. (C) F

O Mylohyoid line of mandible Thyroid gland

1- ant. fibers ( 3/4 ) : Join the corresponding fibers of opposite side in a median I raphe extending from symphysis menti to body of hyoid bone.

2- Post. Fibers ( 1/4 ): E2 Are inserted into body of hyoid. G N By n. to mylohyoid ( from mandibular n)

InfraHyoid Mu scles

Sterno-hyoid (F) Omohyoid

1- Sup. Belly: (E 1) From lower border of body of hyoid lateral to sternohyoid. Superficial O Back of manubrium & med. end of clavicle layer 2- Inf. Belly: (E 2) From upper border of scapula & suprascapular lig. I Lowe border of body of hyoid By intermediate tendon which lies on I.J.V. N Ansa cervicalis Ansa cervicalis

Sterno-Thyroid (G) Thyro-hyoid (D)

O Back of manubrium & 1st costal cartilage Oblique line of thyroid cartilage Deep 1- lower border of body Layer I Into oblique line of thyroid cartilage ‰ of hyoid bone 2- greater horn Ansa cervicalis n. to thyro -hyoid N ( br. From hypoglossal n. but is fibers are derived from C1 ) Carotid triangle Hyoid bone - behind ‰Ant. border of sternomastoid m.

- above ‰ Post. belly of digastric m. Thyrohyoid membrane - bellow ‰ Sup. Belly of omohyoid m.

Thyroid cartilage - Contents : 1- The 3 carotid arteries ( C.C. , I.C , E.C.) & all branches of E.C.A except 3 : post. aricular & 2 terminal branches. Thyro-hyoid m.

2- I.J.V & 3 of its tributaries (lined in next page) Vagus nerve descends vertically downward crico-thyorid m.

inside carotid sheath between I.J.V & I.C.A

Styloglossus muscle O Tip of styloid process I Post. part of side of tongue decussating with hypoglossus muscle N 12 th cranial nerve

Stylohyoid muscle O Post. aspect of styloid process bear its base. I At th junction of body of hyoid with the greater horn. ( its tendon of insertion is split by the intermediate tendon of digastric ) N 7th cranial nerve

Post. belly of digastric

Sub mandibular I.C.A Facial artery I.J.V salivary glang E.C.A

Ant. belly of digastric

Mylohyoid m.

Blood supply of thyroid gland Rt. Internal jugular

Sup. thyroid From the front of external Rt. Common carotid artery carotid artery below greater horn of hyoid. Rt. Superior thyroid

Inf. thyroid From thyro-cervical trunk Inferior thyroid vein artery ( br. Of 1st part of subclavian artery )

Lt. innominate ve in. Thyroid ima Arises from ‰ arch of aorta artery Rt. Innominate vein or from innominate artery

Rt. Subclavian vein.

Superior vena cava.

Internal

Submandibular salivary gland. Sternomastoid m. Posterior Belly of digastric m.

Stylohyoid m. Anterior Belly of digastric m. . Thyro-Hyoid m. Superior belly of Omohyoid m.

Sterno-hyoid m.

Tributaries of External Jugular Vein Tributaries of 1- Ant. jugular v. 1- Inf. petrosal sinus. 2- Transverse cervical v. 2- Pharyngeal veins 3- Suprascapular v. 3- Lingual v. 4- Common facial V. 5- Sup. Thyroid V. 6- Middle thyroid V.

A) Common Carotid: 4 - Origin :

1. Lt. C.C.A : from aortic arch .

2. Rt. C.C.A : one of two terminal branches of innominate a .

- Termination : 8 at the upper border of thyroid cartilage ( C3, C4 ) by dividing into I.C.A & E.C.A

B) Internal Carotid Artery: - Origin : 7 One or two terminal branches of C.C.A at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage ( C3,C4 )

- Termination :

in cranial cavity by dividing into ant. Cerebral and middle cerebral arteries. 3 C) External Carotid Artery: - Origin : Same as I.C.A. 2 - Termination : behind the of mandible by dividing into maxillary + superficial temporal arteries.

- Branches :

1. Sup. Thyroid a.

2. Lingual a. Arise from the ant. aspect.

3. Facial a.

1 4. Occipital a. C.C.A 5. Poster. Auricular a. 6. Ascending pharyngeal a.

7. Maxillary a. 8. Superficial temporal a.

Rt.

Hypophyseal fossa ( abscent )

Rt Sup. Petrosal sinus

Basilar Plexus of Sinuses Rt Inf . Petrosal sinus

Rt. Occipital sinus

Rt. Transverse sinus Sup. sagittal sinus

Rt. Sphenoparietal Sinus

Hypophyseal fossa Cavernous Sinus ( abscent )

Rt Sup. Petrosal sinus

Basilar Plexus of Sinuses Rt. Inf . Petrosal sinus

Rt. sigmoid sinus Occipital sinus

Rt. T ransverse sinus

1- Symphysis pubis.

2- Uro-genital diaphragm ( inside the deep perineal pouch )

3- Perineal body.

4- External anal sphincter.

5- Superficial perineal pouch.

6- Urethra ( In female )

7- membranous urethra.

8- Spongy Urethra.

9- Vagina ( in female ) Male 10- Root of the penis "bulb"

Female

Gonadal vessels

Ureter 3 1

4 Vas deferens 2

10 Prostate 5

A) Obturator Internus m.

O From the inner surface of obturator membrane + adjoining part of the ant. & post. pelvic wall. I The tendon leaves pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen to be inserted into : Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur N N. to obturator internus ( L 5 , S1,2 )

B) Levator ani muscle Along a line from: O - pelvic surface of the body of pubis. - Tendinous arch of obturator fascia. - Inner surface of ischial spine. 1- Ant. fibers ( Sphincter vaginae OR Levator protatae ) inserted with their followz into the perineal body

2- Intermediate fibers ( Puborectalis ) : I Unit with their follows behind recto-anal junction forming puborectalis sling.

3- Post. Fibers (ilio-coccygeus ) : Inserted into the ano-coccygeal lig. & side of coccyx. - Its Pelvic surf ace: N Supplied by a branch from S4. - Its perineal surface: Supplied by tbe inf. rectal n. ( br. of pudendal n. )

C) Coccygeus m.

O From the inner surface of ischial spine

Into - last piece of sacrum . I - 1st piece of coccyx .

N Branches from S4,5 D) Periformis m.

O From the ant. surface of middle 3 sacral pieces.

I It leaves the pelvis by passing through greater sciatic foramen to be inserted into: Upper border of greater trochanter of femur

N Branches from S1,2

H) Lt. Commo n iliac Artery Arises at the lower border of L4 vertebra as one of the 2 terminal branches of abdominal aorta.

G) External iliac artery F) Internal iliac artery

Arises Arises opposite the sacro -iliac joint at the level of lumbo -sacral opposite the sacro -iliac joint at the level of lu mbo -sacral intervertebral disc. ( as larger of 2 terminal br. of C.I.A) intervertebral disc. ( as smaller of 2 terminal br. of C.I.A) Branches Branches

Post. Divisio n Ant. Division 1- Inferior epigastric a. 1- Obturator a. 1- ilio-lumber a. 2- Obliterated umbilical a. 3- Internal pudendal a. 2- Deep circumflex iliac artery. 2- lat. sacral arteries. 4- Inf. gluteal a. 3- Sup. gluteal a. 5- Sup. vesical a. 6- Inf. vesical ( vaginal in female ) 7- Uterine a. ( in female 8- Middle rectal a . F) Median sacra l a. At the lower border of L4 vertebra , from the back of abdominal aorta

Coccyx

A B J E F G

Superficial transverses Levator ani m. Gluteus Obturator Bulbo spongiosus m. Ischio- maximus m. internus perineus m. cavernosus m.

C D K Each m. arise from the pubic Arise from : Arises from : arch close to ischial tuberosity - the perineal body Cavity of ischio- ischial ramus Anus External anal - Median raphe on sphincter rectal fossa. bulb of penis H I N The pass medially in post. part 1- Fibers encircle bulb of of super perineal pouch to be the penis to be Inserted into:

Internal Post. Scrotal Bulbo-Urethral inserted in perineal body. inserted into its walls Pudendal Crus of penis (labial) vessels gland 2- Into corpus cavernosum Vessels 3- Into Dorsam of penis M All perineal muscles are supplied by the perineal br. of pudendal n. ( S 2,3,4 )

Fascia late

Internal pudendal artery: Contents of ischio-rectal fossa : - Origin : arises inside pelvis as one of two terminal branches of 1- Semiliquid pad of fat. ant. Division of internal iliac artery . 2- Inf. rectal nerve. - Termination: Deep in perineal pouch by dividing into 3- Inf. rectal vessels. deep & dorsal arteries of penis . 4- Post. scrotal ( labial ) nerve & vessels. - Branches : 1. Inf. Rectal a. 5- Perineal br. of S4. 2. Perineal a. 6- Pudendal canal & its contents . 3. Artery of bulb. 4. Urethral artery. 5. Deep artery of penis. Arise as two terminal branches. 6. Dorsal artery of penis.s

Dogllas pouch

Gonadal vessels Body of uterus

Fundus of uterus Posterior fornix

Anterior fornix Urinary bladder

Rectum Symphsis pubis

Vagina

Female urethra

Ureter

Round ligament Ovarian ligament Broad ligament Ovary

Fallopian tube

Testicular

Median Umblical Superior border of urinary bladder triagone Apex of urinary bladder Internal urtheral meatus

Preprostatic Prostate urethra Prostatic

Membranous urethra

Penile urethra