Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
Monday, January 24, 1994 Volume 30—Number 3 Pages 55–134
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Addresses and Remarks Interviews With the News Media—Continued Community empowerment program—101 January 16 (No. 45) with Syrian President Honoring Martin Luther King, Jr., at Howard Asad—91 University—105 Joint Statements Los Angeles earthquake—116 Minsk, Belarus, future leaders—87 American-Russian Statement on Human Moscow, Russia Rights—83 Reception—56 Moscow Declaration—84 Town meeting—67 Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Radio address—86 Destruction and the Means of Their Delivery—80 Communications to Congress Presidents of the United States, Russia, and Ukraine—79 Adjustment to the deficit, letter—132 Letters and Messages Communications to Federal Agencies Bobby R. Inman, letter accepting the Fair housing, memorandum—114 withdrawal of nomination to be Secretary of Defense—120 Executive Orders Disaster assistance to California, letter to Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Federal Emergency Management Agency Experiments—118 Director—118 Leadership and Coordination of Fair Housing Meetings With Foreign Leaders in Federal Programs: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing—110 Jordanian King Hussein—131 Russian President Yeltsin—57, 84 Interviews With the News Media Syrian President Asad—91 Ukrainian President Kravchuk—57 Exchanges with reporters Brussels, Belgium—55, 56 Statements Other Than Presidential Moscow, Russia—57 Death of Foreign Minister Johan Jurgen Holst Geneva, Switzerland—91 of Norway—86 Oval Office—116, 131 Interviews Supplementary Materials Larry King—120 Acts approved by the President—134 Print journalists on Air Force One—96 Checklist of White House press releases—133 News conferences Digest of other White House January 14 (No. 44) with Russian President announcements—132 Yeltsin—58 Nominations submitted to the Senate—133
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.
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Exchange With Reporters in attitude that Kravchuk and Yeltsin have Brussels, Belgium brought to this whole endeavor. But I don’t January 9, 1994 think I can say any more tonight. I don’t even want to—— Speech to Future Leaders of Europe Q. Mr. President, how do you think your Partnership For Peace speech was received tonight? Q. Do you think Eastern European coun- The President. Oh, very well. I mean, you tries are going to be reassured by the Part- know, we consciously picked a very small nership For Peace? room, and the Europeans are normally much The President. I hope so. more polite when speeches are given like Q. [Inaudible]—giving Russia veto? that. It was a serious speech. But a lot of the students came up to me afterwards and The President. I think they need to know said that they were pleased to know that we this is not a question of veto power. But keep were thinking about their future and that in mind there are certain responsibilities in- they found the ideas basically things they herent in being in NATO, first of all, that agreed with. I was very encouraged—— NATO allies all remind each other of all the Q. Mr. President, can you tell us about time. And what I said tonight I want to reem- the Ukraine? phasize. What I want to do is to leave open The President. ——and then after I got the possibility of creating the best possible out into the crowd in the Place, there was future for Europe, where they all have the much more sort of overt enthusiasm. And the chance to be democracies, they all have a Prime Minister and others were saying, ‘‘You chance to be market economies, they all have know, that’s the way we are. We’re restrained a chance to respect one another’s securities in speeches, but these people are glad to see and to support it and to do it in a way that you. Look at the Place.’’ also permits us to do the best we can if the best future is not open to us. That’s what Ukraine the Partnership For Peace does. It’s not giv- Q. What can you tell us about the Ukraine, ing anybody a veto on future NATO mem- Mr. President? Are you close to an agree- bership. ment, or do you have an agreement? Can Q. But what do you say to people who Kravchuk sell it? Might we go to Kiev? say that NATO isn’t relevant if it can’t guar- The President. All I can tell you tonight antee the peace, let’s say, in Bosnia? is that we worked very, very hard to bring The President. Well, that was never the the three of us together, and we’ve made a purpose of NATO. The purpose of NATO terrific amount of progress. And at least was to guarantee the peace and security of when I left to go to the speech I was not the countries that were member nations. And in a position to make an announcement. when the United States asked NATO to ap- Q. But you think it might be possible that prove some actions in and around Bosnia, it this could happen and that Kravchuk could was the first time we’d ever done anything sell it? out of the area of the NATO members them- The President. Well, I don’t want to— selves. presumably, Mr. Kravchuk wouldn’t agree to So we’re working on this. It’s not been es- anything he didn’t think he could sell. I tablished yet that anyone is capable of solving think—I feel—I’m proud of the work that’s a civil war in another country. That’s not been done, and I appreciate very much the been established yet. 55
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Q. [Inaudible]—air strikes will be dis- Atlantic Council, our military group, to re- cussed tomorrow, air strikes possible tomor- view it to say it was appropriate and then row? to go to the U.N. So I think, plainly, we know The President. Good night, everybody. that if the language stays in there and if the shelling continues, there will have to be some NOTE: The exchange began at approximately 8:30 action taken. p.m. at the Au Vieux Saint Martin Restaurant. A So I think you can tell by what happens tape was not available for verification of the con- tomorrow. If we keep the language, which tent of this exchange. This item was not received in time for publication in the appropriate issue. I hope and believe we will, then it’s basically up to the behavior of those who are shelling Sarajevo, principally the Serbs. We’ll just Remarks and an Exchange With have to see what happens. Reporters in Brussels Aid to Russia January 10, 1994 Q. With regard to Russia, is there a larger The President. As you know, we had a economic plan envisioned? good, long dinner tonight. And we talked The President. Well, what they talked about only two subjects; we talked about about today was—first of all, we have quite Russia and Bosnia. We spent the first half, a large plan. We’ve got to dislodge some of perhaps more than half the dinner, on Rus- the money that we’ve committed that was sia. And I basically gave a report about what tied up in the international institutions. They I would be doing in Russia, and they gave all believe that we needed a combination of me their advice about what we could do to two things: We need to try to speed up the strengthen the process of reform, create a privatization, because in the end that was the system of support for people who had been real guarantor of reform—and Russia has dislocated economically, how we could build done a phenomenal job of privatizing indus- a better partnership with Russia and have the tries, thousands just in the last year—and kind of future we want, with Russia being secondly, that we needed some sort of social a great nation but a nonaggressive one. And support network, an unemployment system, it was very, very helpful. I mean, they had a retraining system, a system to train people very keen insights, and a lot of them had just to manage and operate businesses and banks been there, so it was helpful. that will enable people to deal with the dis- Then we talked about Bosnia at some locations that are coming. And that’s basically length. And I urged that we stay with the what we talked about. present communique, the present policy, which gives us the right to ask the U.N. for NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 11 p.m. in the Grand Place. A tape was not available permission to use air strikes if Sarajevo con- for verification of the content of these remarks. tinues to be shelled. We discussed some This item was not received in time for publication other options and agreed that we would have in the appropriate issue. another discussion tomorrow about it. So I can’t say that there was any conclusion reached except that I do believe we’ll stay Remarks at a Reception in Moscow, with our present policy. I think the language Russia in the communique will stay in, and we’ll January 13, 1994 have some other discussions about it tomor- row morning. Thank you very much. I want to begin by thanking Ambassador and Mrs. Pickering for Bosnia having us here tonight and for giving us all Q. Was there an agreement to ask the a chance to meet and to visit in what I imag- U.N. permission to use air strikes? ine is an extraordinary and unprecedented The President. No, because under the gathering, not only of Americans but of Rus- procedure, what would happen is one of the sians who come from different political per- member states would have to ask the North spectives. I am told that 60 years ago at a
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Christmas Eve party here, three trained seals have to write a new future for all of Europe went crazy in the ballroom. Now, in the and create a future which, for the first time United States, when people from different in history, Europe is not divided by some political parties get together, they sometimes political line which leads to war or which is behave the same way. [Laughter] So I’m glad the product of a destructive isolationism born to see you all getting along so well tonight. of past divisions. It is a great honor for me and the Secretary So as I look around this room at the faces of State, the Secretary of Treasury, and all of tomorrow’s Russia—people from different the other members of our party to be here political parties, people who are members of with so many representatives of the new Rus- the Duma and people who are governors and sia. Each of you who have participated in this people who represent local government, peo- new democratic process have my respect, my ple who are in private enterprises—I say to admiration, and my pledge of equal partner- you there is lots of room for difference of ship. It is difficult for most Americans to even opinion. Indeed, the world we are living in imagine the size and scope of the changes and the world we are moving toward is so going on in your nation now. When I leave complicated and changes so fast, all of us des- you, I am going home to attempt to reform perately need to listen to one another’s opin- our Nation’s health care system. It is a very ions. But if we are to realize the measure big job. It comprises one-seventh of our en- of the true greatness in your nation and in tire economy. You are in the process of trans- mine, we must keep our devotion to democ- forming your entire economy while you de- racy, to a certain freedom in our economic velop a new constitutional democracy as well. affairs, and to a respect for one another’s It boggles the mind, and you have my respect neighbors. For greatness in the next century for the effort. will be defined not by how far we can reach Over the years, over the centuries, the but by how well we do by the people who Russian people have shown their greatness live within our borders. in many ways: in culture, on the battlefield, I came here as a friend and supporter of in government, in space. And now on the the democratic changes going on in this brink of the 21st century, this great nation country. I hope that together we can make is being called upon to redefine its greatness a positive difference in a genuine and equal again in terms that will enable your nation partnership. But in the end, you will have to be strong and vital and alive for hundreds to decide your future. American support can of years into the future. certainly not make all the difference, and We live in a curious time where modern American direction is unwarranted. The fu- revolutions are transforming life for the bet- ture is for you to write and for you to make. ter, revolutions in communications, in tech- But I come to say, from the bottom of my nology, and in many other areas. And yet the heart, the people of the United States and oldest of society’s demons plague us still, the the President of the United States wish to hatreds of people for one another based on be your partners and your friends. their race, their ethnic group, their religion, Thank you very much. even the piece of ground they happen to have been born on. In the midst of this conflict NOTE: The President spoke at 6:28 p.m. at Spaso of historic proportions, I believe that great- House. This item was not received in time for ness of nations in the 21st century will be publication in the appropriate issue. defined by how successful they are in provid- ing the opportunity for every man and woman, every boy and girl living within the Exchange With Reporters on Signing nation’s borders to live up to the fullest of the Denuclearization Agreement their natural capacity. With Russia and Ukraine in Moscow If we are to have any chance at all to real- January 14, 1994 ize that future in the world, I believe this nation must be strong democratically and Q. What will be the impact of this agree- strong economically. And I believe we will ment on the national security of Russia?
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President Yeltsin. We have never be- things that can be made public will be made lieved and we have never perceived that public. We’ve been working so hard on this, there is any kind of danger coming our way I want to be very careful about it. from Ukraine. Nevertheless, in terms of Let me tell you that I am completely com- world politics, today is an historic day where fortable with the agreements that we have the three Presidents have signed an agree- made and with the understandings between ment that would eliminate nuclear arms from both Russia and Ukraine about how it will the territory of Ukraine and whereby be handled. I think it’s a very good thing for Ukraine will be acceding the Treaty on the the world and a very good thing for the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. This United States. will be another important step towards get- Q. What does Ukraine receive from giving ting rid of nuclear weapons throughout the the warheads and missiles deployed in its ter- world. ritory? Q. There is an opinion that if the Ukraine President Kravchuk. From the political gets rid of its nuclear weapons it will lose point of view, we get a greater security for its authority, so to speak, among other na- having signed the documents with the Presi- tions. What is your opinion on this, Mr. Presi- dents. Both Presidents and the countries dent? confirm this higher change of security. And President Clinton. Well, of course, in the the second point, the Ukraine confirms its end this is a question that Ukraine has to policy which was proclaimed earlier, thus in- answer for itself, but I can only tell you what dicating the continual character of its policy. my opinion is. My opinion is that Ukraine And the third, Ukraine receives compensa- will increase its authority among nations for tion for nuclear weapons. And the fourth, doing this. After all, Ukraine has enhanced Ukraine enters into normal relations with the security of the United States today by other states, and this is the primary thing for agreeing to remove 1,500 nuclear warheads great security. I say it like that: if Ukraine aimed at our Nation. Ukraine has enhanced is in friendly relations, further ties with Rus- the security of Ukraine and Russia by agree- sia and the United States, it will be secure. ing to dismantle these warheads, which means that there is less chance of nuclear NOTE: The exchange began at 8:55 a.m. in St. accident, nuclear espionage, nuclear terror- Catherine Hall at the Kremlin. President Yeltsin ism. and President Kravchuk spoke in their native lan- And more important, Ukraine has shown guage, and their remarks were translated by an an understanding that as we move into the interpreter. A tape was not available for verifica- next century, the greatness of nations will be tion of the content of this exchange. This item defined by their ability to work with each was not received in time for publication in the other and to develop the capacities of their appropriate issue. people. And I think you will now see people all over the world more interested in working with Ukraine in partnership because of this The President’s News Conference very brave and visionary act. So I believe that With President Boris Yeltsin of Ukraine is a stronger nation today for having Russia in Moscow done this. And I think almost everyone else January 14, 1994 in the world will believe the same thing. Q. President Clinton, we’ve been told by President Yeltsin. Ladies and gentlemen, one of your aides that the timetable for this I’ll tell you the main thing now. The first agreement is going to remain secret. Is that official visit paid by the President of the in fact the case? Are you going to at least United States of America Clinton to Russia tell us when dismantlement of the first nu- has been very fruitful. It couldn’t have been clear warhead in Ukraine will take place? otherwise because we know one another only President Clinton. We have reached an too well and we needed a great job to do agreement on which details will be made and two great hopes were placed on us by public and which will not, and today all the our nations.
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This visit is based on today’s realities, and we finally, after 2 years of discussion, we at the same time, it projected itself into the signed an agreement on uranium. future as regards the difficult past. We and All the cold war restrictions should be lift- the President of the United States wrapped ed like the Jackson-Vanik amendment. We it up solidly back in Vancouver. Work in Mos- need to remove artificial barriers that were cow was very intense to obtain great results. put up under the excuse of Russian dumping The concrete agreements made are crucial practices. As regards uranium, I think it is to Russia and the United States and to the rather a fear of competition with more ad- entire world. vanced technologies and cheaper materials. The talks were held at a history-making Since Vancouver, Bill Clinton has done a time for both countries. Old habits and lot, keeping his promise to remove the eco- stereotypes fade away. We are searching for nomic bad things of the cold war. Discrimi- new things in Russia and in America. I must nating restrictions were struck off from the say that we’re in the thick of the Russian- American domestic legislation; I mean the American joint revolution. bulk of those. No more high custom duties During the free democratic elections, the are levied on about 5,000 Russian products. Russians have approved the new constitution, The U.S. President has done a great job and for the first time, with no coercion, they of integrating Russia into international finan- elected their own Parliament. I don’t agree cial and economic organizations. I believe with those who believe that the first pancakes that it won’t take much time for the Group of Seven to turn into a Group of Eight. Dur- did not turn out right. You should take a bet- ing our negotiations, the Russian-American ter look at individual names and popular slo- relations have reached a point where they gans. You will see that the people chose a became a mature strategic global partnership better way of life, legality and predictability. along all the lines. It is based on a commonly This is a lesson for all of us to learn. Yet, held view of new prospects and fresh prob- in order not to repeat past mistakes I made lems. We are both confident that today’s it perfectly clear to the President that we world should be democratic, open, and inte- would expand the scope of reforms, focusing grated. more on the social dimension. I am confident As regards equality, mutual benefits, re- that this country will have a greater stability gard for one another’s interests, no more ref- and a durable social peace. erences should be made to that because Bill Clinton demonstrated he has a fine those are implied. This basic dimension of sense of our particular situation. Indeed, the our partnership is formalized in the Moscow Americans also survived a lot, and they con- Declaration we signed. It demonstrates and tinue to survive a lot. We may count on their consolidates the historic shift in the Russian- full support for the reforms implemented by American relations in Eurasia and in the en- the Russian President, government, and tire world. reformists in the new Parliament. Our interaction is now freshly meaningful, I discussed problems concerning our econ- and it is geared toward a better strategic sta- omy and positive changes that happened, and bility and security. Thanks to that, over a few I referred to elements of stabilization. And recent months the world and our countries I would like to underscore that what we need avoided quite a few traps and miscalcula- now is not humanitarian aid but rather full- tions. There was some progress made: better scale cooperation with due regard for the pe- cooperation in the areas of security and disar- riod of transition the young market economy mament, peacekeeping, and promotion of in Russia is going through now. economic transparency. Specifically, along with the Tokyo package The landmark step that we have finally and the Clinton package and Vancouver, the made in Moscow is the package of agree- most tangible support for Russia would be ments leading to the elimination of nuclear the opening of the American market for our weapons in the Ukraine. I believe that this exports, whether raw materials or equip- is a history-making document that was signed ment. And I’m very much satisfied that today today by the three Presidents. Everybody
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benefits from it and, in the first place, the the Baltics. No double standards should be Ukrainian people. allowed here, whether it happens in Haiti or The agreements reached at our three- in the Baltics. As a result, we adopted a very party summit will save money, remove dif- forceful declaration on securing human ferences, and set a good example for other rights. And the President confirmed that he countries to follow. They are consolidated by will take appropriate steps in making contact the Russian-American declaration concern- with the Baltics so that no more discrimina- ing the consolidation of all mass destruction tion would be allowed there against the Rus- weapon nonproliferation regimes. And non- sian-speaking population there. proliferation, as you know, is being called I don’t want to be too optimistic now. This into question now, or is running a very seri- does not reflect the nature of our sincere and ous test of strength. businesslike conversations. We’ve had dif- The U.S. President gave me fresh informa- ferences, and we’ll continue to have some tion about the Partnership For Peace con- differences in the future. But what is crucial cept that was approved in Brussels. This idea here is looking for an understanding that will comes from the NATO, but there is some turn into a specific policy. basic element of the Russian-American co- This is our flight plan for the Russian- operation in it. This concept is a very impor- American partnership that will substitute the tant step toward building a security system flight plan for strategic missiles that would from Vancouver to Vladivostok that excludes not be targeted against one another. the emergence of new demarcation lines for Thank you very much. areas of unequal security. We believe that Now, Mr. Clinton. this idea may prove just one of the scenarios President Clinton. Thank you very much. for building a new Europe. Just one of those Nine months ago President Yeltsin and I will well impart very specific cooperation in met in Vancouver, and there we laid the this dimension of cooperation, including the foundation for a new partnership between military area. Of course, we will keep track the United States and Russia, a partnership of whether collective security structures in based on mutual respect. We have just con- Europe, including such time-tested institu- cluded an excellent and very productive sum- tions like the United Nations and the CSCE. mit meeting in which we took important I provided very detailed information to steps to strengthen that partnership. I want President Clinton about the integration of to thank President Yeltsin and his entire team processes that go on in the former Soviet for hosting us and for making these days so Union, including our latest meetings, summit productive. meetings within the framework of the CIS. Throughout our discussions, I reaffirmed You shouldn’t be fearful of some neoimperial the strong support of the United States for ambitions. Russia is only interested in stabil- Russia’s commitment to democracy and tran- ity, and it takes very honest mediation efforts sition to a market economy. I informed Presi- to extinguish the hotbeds of conflicts along dent Yeltsin that the United States is com- its new borders. mitted to specific projects, 100 percent of We are ready to expand our cooperation the $1.6 billion of assistance that I an- and coordinate our action with the United nounced in Vancouver, and that we have ac- Nations, CSCE, and the international com- tually expended about 70 percent of the munity. It is too bad that the international funds. The President and I also discussed the community has yet to show great enthusiasm. additional $2.5 billion in assistance for Russia It responds, but frugally, to our concrete pro- and the other newly independent states that posals concerning either Abkhazia or my administration proposed in Tokyo in April Nagorno-Karabakh or Tajikistan. I believe and which Congress fully funded this Sep- that we will have a greater understanding tember. with the United States of this very crucial The President gave me strong assurances issue. of his intention to continue the reform proc- I raised the issue of human rights viola- ess. He and I discussed a number of ways tions and national minorities, especially in in which the United States and the inter-
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national community can assist in the pro- strongly the proposition that the Russian- motion of reform and at the same time assist speaking people in those republics must be Russia in cushioning the social hardships respected. which reform has brought to many Russians. Let me close by noting that President As a concrete expression of our commit- Yeltsin and I have agreed to meet in Naples ment to reform, the United States is opening at the G–7 summit in July, and I am pleased the doors this week to the Russian Small En- that he has accepted my invitation to make terprise Fund and has established a new fund a state visit to the United States this fall. I for large enterprises to promote private-sec- look forward to those meetings. tor development here. That latter fund will I came to Europe with the hope of begin- be chaired by the former Secretary of the ning to build a new security rooted in com- Treasury Michael Blumenthal. mon commitments to democracy and free ec- We also signed a contract to purchase $12 onomics and mutual respect for security and billion of highly enriched uranium over the territorial borders. I came with a dream that next 20 years. And I have asked the Secretary at the end of the cold war we might all be of Commerce, Ron Brown, to lead a very able to work together to have a Europe that high level Presidential trade mission to Rus- is integrated, politically, economically, and in sia in March, including leading CEO’s who terms of security; a Europe that, for the first would be in a position to promote both trade time since the establishment of nation states and investment here. would not be divided by present conflict or We issued today also a joint statement on lingering animosities. human rights in which we express our com- I now believe we have a better chance to mon resolve to combat discrimination in all create that kind of new security, a security forms of intolerance including antisemitism. in which great nations will be able to treat Today I also had an opportunity to describe each other as genuine partners, chart their further the results of the successful NATO own futures, without being dictated to by summit this week. And President Yeltsin as- others; a future in which I believe greatness sured me, as you just heard, of Russia’s inten- will be defined fundamentally by our capacity tion to be a full and active participant in the to enable the men and women and the chil- Partnership For Peace. dren who live within our borders to live up We took several historic steps to ensure to the fullest of their capacities. that the fear of nuclear confrontation will re- I thank President Yeltsin for his partner- main a relic of the past. As you know, Presi- ship of that endeavor, and I assure you we dents Yeltsin and Kravchuk and I signed an will continue to work as hard as we can to- agreement that commits Ukraine to elimi- ward that common mission. nate over 1,500 nuclear warheads. All the President Yeltsin. Thank you, Mr. Presi- most modern and deadly missiles in Ukraine, dent. the SS–24’s, will have their warheads re- Due to the protocol, we have restricted moved within 10 months. Second, President opportunities to take questions. Yeltsin and I agreed that as of May 30th, the nuclear missiles of Russia and the United Russian Reform States will no longer be targeted against any Q. Good afternoon. You mention fre- country. And third, we signed an agreement quently that you would consider the outcome to work closely together in regions where of the election campaign that happened on proliferation risks are greatest, including the December 12th in your domestic policies. Korean Peninsula and the Middle East. Do you intend to correct your foreign policy, We also agreed that the sovereignty and and in particular, your policy toward the rela- independence of Russia’s neighbors must be tions with the United States? respected. In that respect, I expressed my President Yeltsin. I believe that we have strong hope that Russia’s negotiations with very stable and steady relations with the Estonia and Latvia will lead to the with- United States that are well checked and drawal of troops in early 1994. And I did based on partnership. But of course, some agree, as President Yeltsin said, to press adjustments will be made, especially with re-
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spect to the social sphere. We believe that that the people will begin to benefit in ways in contrast with the Vancouver meeting, we that they could not see perhaps last year, in will not count on humanitarian aid and direct the coming year when we have more trade social aid. This is our business to attend to. and more investment. And as people around We are requesting the U.S. side to open the world and in the United States, in par- the doors of the American market, to have ticular, see that the President is serious about the restrictions lifted to help us with our this, I think the benefits will begin to flow. debts, to show support for our reform in That, plus constructing the kind of social terms of conversion of our defense-related support system in job retraining, unemploy- industries, and so on. We don’t need direct ment, all of those things that just have to social aid because such aid is also needed be put together and are not easy to put to- by the United States people, by the American gether when you don’t have one, I think people. It wouldn’t be serious. You want to these things will help a lot. relieve the pressure of unemployment in The other point I’d like to make to you, Russia without creating jobs for your own sir, is that from my point of view, President Americans back in your country. We believe Yeltsin has been unfairly criticized in some this is our business to attend to. And out of quarters for his relationship with the United the forms of support, the rescheduling of the States. The implication that somehow we debts, structural changes in our national have tried to direct the course of Russian pol- economy, we will look for social guarantees icy is just not accurate and not true. The peo- for our own workers, which would reduce ple of Russia have to define their own future. impoverishment or the poverty level that ex- All I have tried to do is to say that as long ists today in this country. as we share the same values and the same Q. Do you mean that you are going to re- vision, as long as we share a dream of political treat a bit from shock therapy and go a little freedom and economic freedom and respect slower in order to improve the lives of—— for our neighbors, I want to be an equal part- President Yeltsin. No. In terms of re- ner, because I believe this is a very great na- form, we will take resolute action and will tion and that the world, the whole world, and continue to press ahead. And in this regard, particularly Europe has a real interest in see- the U.S. President is in agreement to support ing Russia succeed, in seeing this reform such a policy. movement succeed. President Clinton. If I could respond So I think our relationships in that sense briefly to both of the last two questions, from have been quite correct all along, and some my perspective. I commend President Yeltsin have sought to mischaracterize them in a way for his commitment to continuing the path that I think is not accurate. I come here as of economic reform. If you look at 1993 as a friend and a partner, not—we have our compared with 1992, if you look at how much problems at home, too—every country does. the deficit was reduced as a percentage of The United States has no interest in charting annual income, if you look at how much infla- Russia’s future; that’s for Russia to do. But tion was brought down, if you look at how we can be partners, and we should be. much the stabilization of the currency was improved, I think that the continued work Ukrainian Nuclear Arms Agreement toward hooking the Russian economy into Q. My question—and I refer it to both the global economic system based on markets Presidents—during the Brussels visit, the is a very sound thing. Russian party requested the United States We had great, long talks about what could and NATO to make a greater influence on be done and what kind of assistance the Ukraine concerning strategic arms. Have United States and others could provide to your expectations come true, given the agree- recognize that there are certain dislocations ments you’ve signed in Moscow? which come from these changes, so that the President Yeltsin. Our expectations came people of Russia will know that there is an perfectly true, promptly. We’ve signed an effort being made to deal with those prob- agreement with Ukraine to eliminate all of lems. But I also have to tell you that I believe Ukraine’s nuclear weapons. Their nuclear
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weapons will be shipped to Russia for de- be sustained politically given the opposition struction. And of course, with respect to ura- you’re going to face in the Parliament? nium, we need to provide some compensa- And President Clinton, without direct aid, tion. Instead of weapons-grade uranium, we what really can the international institutions need to provide them with fuel-grade ura- do to make this more viable for President nium. And we are in agreement. Yeltsin? We will continue to process—with U.S. as- President Yeltsin. Firstly, I disagree with sistance—we will continue to process weap- your statistics—15 percent of the Russians ons-grade uranium into fuel uranium. And support the reforms. This is not the case. since we’ve signed an agreement on uranium This is untrue. You should take a look at the today, it appears to me that today our agree- results of the voting for the constitution. The ment with—the three-party agreement with constitution is support for the reforms. I’m Ukraine signed by the three Presidents is a not talking about individual people or voting history-making decision. And I believe that for individual parties or blocs of parties. They there is a great role that has been played voted for the constitution that will decide the by Russia and the United States and person- future of Russia and the future of Russia re- ally by the U.S. President Bill Clinton. forms. This is where the Russians made their President Clinton. I am fully satisfied choice. And they number about 60 percent, with the agreement. I want to compliment 60. again President Kravchuk for seeing what I Now, with respect to support from inter- believe are the real security interests of his national institutions, we discussed this topic. country. I think his country is stronger for Incidentally, we’ve discussed about 30 issues, signing this agreement. It will certainly be or even more than that, both domestic Rus- more economically powerful in the years to sian issues and domestic U.S. issues, bilateral come as more investors are more interested relations, international relations, and so on in supporting the decision to be non-nuclear. and so forth, security relations. There was And I want to support and compliment a large host of such issues that were dis- President Yeltsin. The United States, I be- cussed. lieve, played a very valuable role in this, but I believe that the fact that we approved it was President Yeltsin’s suggestion to me the Tokyo package and the fact that that is that we set up this trilateral process. I have too bad that the Group of Seven is not very enjoyed working in it. I worked hard on this. happy or is very slow in implementing that Vice President Gore worked hard on this, decision, that is bad. Bill Clinton kept his and of course, the rest of our team did. And promise he made in Vancouver. The first I assure you that I intend to maintain an in- package worth $1.6 billion was paid; the sec- tense personal involvement in this whole ond package, worth about the same amount area. of money, to be approved by Congress in I think, by the way, a strong and an inde- 1994 and 1995, will be paid. And as regards pendent Ukraine is critical to this whole de- Group of Seven commitments, or the big velopment of an integrated Europe that we seven commitments, I think the case is much are working on in our partnership here. more difficult here. The decision was made, but they’re very slow in implementing that Russian Reform decision. And that saddens my friend, Bill Q. A question for both Presidents. Presi- Clinton. dent Yeltsin, you have made a commitment President Clinton. Let me respond to today and President Clinton has agreed and your question, because I think it’s important has urged you to continue the commitment to talk about what we are doing here. First to the economic reforms. It will take a while, of all, getting the deal on uranium is a big though, to create the institutions that can thing. That guarantees a steady stream of cushion the effects. The recent elections commercial—it’s a business deal, but it will have shown that only 15 percent of the peo- guarantee some money flowing in here every ple elected support that policy. How can that year for a long time.
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Now, in addition to that, I have asked in try and who want a genuine partnership, have my ’95 budget for $900 million in aid. And to be sensitive to that. But I believe that if you take that plus the $2.5 billion in this these initiatives will begin to be felt in the second package for the entire republics of lives of average Russian working people. And the former Soviet Union, but most of it will I think they will, in the aggregate, they will come here to Russia, there will be more than be quite significant over the next couple of $1 billion in aid in each of the next 2 years. years. In addition to that, we have reached agree- ment with the G–7 countries to do a number The Russian Parliament of other things which I think will help a lot. Q. ——Russian Television. We have mil- We are opening an office here headed by lions and millions of Russian TV viewers. A an American—that’s a G–7 office—to make question for Boris Nikolayevich. Given the sure that all of the commitments are followed composition of the new Parliament in Russia, through on. And it’s open now this week. We do you believe that you will have some prob- are going to work with trying to get funds, lem having the Parliament to ratify our agree- which I’m confident we can, to Russia’s en- ment with some Western partners—maybe ergy customers so that they can pay their bills foreign policies will suffer as approved by the for the energy that Russia is providing them. Parliament? Do you believe that you as the That’s a business deal, but it will give them President of this country are in some dif- a significant amount of money. ficulty in dealing with your foreign partners? We have offered technical assistance, President Yeltsin. I don’t believe that this which is all President Yeltsin has asked for, is the sort of Parliament that we have. I be- in trying to help work through these social lieve our Parliament is smarter, more intel- services issues—how do you set up the train- lectual, more experienced. The upper Cham- ing programs and other support programs to ber of the Parliament, I believe, will pursue cushion the dislocation? We are beginning policies shared by the President and by the this week again under the leadership of Jerry Government, and state Duma, the lower Corrigan to fund the Small Business Devel- Chamber, will get to that with time. They opment Fund, and we’re setting up this large will realize that such major international business fund. agreements and treaties may not be delayed Let me say one final thing. The willingness in terms of ratification. I mean, agreements of President Yeltsin to continue on the path like the one we concluded on the destruction of economic reform, I think, will be met posi- of chemical weapons and such like. tively by the international financial institu- I don’t believe they will do that. Otherwise tions in a reasonable way. And I think that they would show no respect for their own that can free up billions of dollars of assist- people. But I believe that there are Members ance in the next several months for continued of Parliament, and I mentioned that in my reinvestment. And again, when Ron Brown message, should be mindful of the fact that comes here in March, I think you will see they are representatives of the people, and a significant increase in trade and investment the people told them how to behave in the from the United States. Parliament. They should have a fine political So we are going to be heavily involved in sense. Of course, our Parliament is very this in ways that I believe will begin to affect young, but I’m still confident that the Par- the ordinary Russian people in a positive way. liament will proceed constructively. The problem is that there’s always a time lag Q. President Clinton, I wonder what are between taking these tough decisions and your impressions after your firsthand experi- when somebody can feel it in their own lives. ence here in Moscow? What is your assess- And that’s what I was trying to communicate ment of the threat that the ultranationalist when I was walking the street yesterday here movement poses to the movement toward in Moscow, shaking hands with people and democracy? talking to them and listening to them. We President Clinton. Well, those who are have to, all of us who care very much about in the Parliament are, after all, the product the greatness and the potential of this coun- of democracy. And I think that there are two
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separate things here. I think we have to re- President Yeltsin. Due to the protocol spect the democratic process. And in every commitments we have to limit the time of democratic process, no one is satisfied with our press conference. Just one more question the outcome of all elections. I can testify to on the Russian and U.S. side. that. So in that sense, I don’t think they present a threat to the democratic process. Future NATO Membership Now, I think what is happening here is Q. I would like to get a more specific sense that Russia, which is and has been a very of your view, Mr. Clinton and Boris great country for a very long time, is doing Nikolayevich. I’m talking about prospective what countries are required to do from time admission of other states to NATO, and I to time, they’re having to redefine what am referring to states there on the borders greatness means, establish a vision for the of Russia. Do you believe that Russia will future. And when times are difficult, and the join NATO sometime in the future and on Russian people have been through some dif- what conditions? ficult times, there are those, always, in every President Yeltsin. I believe that the initia- age in time, who can generate some support tive displayed by U.S. President Bill Clinton by defining greatness in terms of the past. and by some European politicians, I mean But in the end, the only people who really in terms of not admitting one country by one make it work are those who define greatness to NATO, but rather to declare them Part- in terms of the future. And that’s why I think ners For Peace and security, provides a very the reform movement in the end will prevail. good formula. Because we need to draw up Because if you look at the nature of the global one more line here because if you divide us economy, if you look at the things that are in the black and the white, it is no good. On the other hand, the time will come happening that really move and change peo- when Russia will be integrated and all the ple’s lives, I think history is on the side of others will be integrated, but they will be the reformers. integrated with one another in just one pack- And I also believe what will happen is— age, as they say. And this will bring security keep in mind you’re going to have some in- to everybody. But if you sort of dismember teresting debates in this Duma. I wish I us, I mean, accepting us or admitting us one could—I enjoy watching the news every by one is no good. I’m against that—opposed. night. It’s nice to be in a place where some That is why I support the initiative shown other President’s having trouble with his Par- by the U.S. President with respect to the liament instead of me. [Laughter] President Partnership For Peace. Yeltsin made a valuable point here: When President Clinton. The whole idea be- these issues begin to be debated and when hind the Partnership For Peace was to de- people move from the level of campaign velop a post-cold-war mechanism in which rhetoric, which is always highly abstract, to countries that shared the same commit- the real problems of real people, you also ments, in this case, the commitment to re- may see a new consensus developing. And spect the territorial borders of their neigh- the only thing I would say to all of the people bors, a commitment to civilian control over who are in this newly elected Duma is that the military, a commitment to joint planning you have an enormous opportunity and a re- and training and military exercises, that these sponsibility. You are the product of the first countries could work together and could genuinely democratic, constitutionally pro- work toward eventual NATO membership if vided Parliament in the history of your coun- they wish it and if that is the direction that try, and you ought to be willing to just listen seems best for security in the post-cold-war and learn and grow and deal with the issues. world. That is, the NATO plainly con- I don’t think the United States or anybody templated an expansion. else should overreact to this. These folks are But this Partnership For Peace is a real just getting started on what will be a great thing now. It is real now. We invited all the and exciting journey. And I think we ought republics of the former Soviet Union, all the to wish them well and see what happens. Warsaw Pact nations, and the other non-
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NATO members of Europe to be part of the United Nations mission in Bosnia, which is Partnership For Peace. All were invited. All to try to keep as many people alive as possible were told that this can also lead to eventual until the parties will make peace. membership in NATO, but that our objective I think I should let President Yeltsin speak is to create an undivided and united Europe, for himself on what he thinks of what NATO united around political freedom, economic did on Bosnia. We’ve all had our differences freedom, military cooperation, and respect over Bosnia, and everybody’s got a different for one another’s borders, for the first time idea about it. What we did talk about last in the history of the nation state. It has never night was whether there was anything else happened before. either of us could do or whether there was So the short answer to your question is, anything we could do together to try to bring yes, this could happen. And I think we share the conflict to an end. I mean, that’s what that vision. And I think that we have a par- we want. We want those people to stop kill- ticular responsibility, the two of us, to try to ing each other and make a reasonable peace work toward that vision. in which they can all live and start raising Press Secretary Myers. This will be the their children and going back to a normal last question. life again. We reached no conclusive results, but we Bosnia had a pretty honest conversation, and a few Q. President Clinton, did you discuss the things were said that I think we might be subject of Bosnia? What was the nature of able to follow up on. Anything I were to your discussions? And does President Yeltsin say—excuse me—anything I might say with agree with the intention expressed at the greater specificity would probably only con- NATO meetings of launching air strikes if fuse things and raise false hopes. This is a the situation does not improve in Sarajevo, real thicket. But we had what I thought was or in all of Bosnia, really? an honest, good conversation about the larger President Clinton. First of all, since I issue, which is, is there anything else anybody asked the NATO people, my colleagues in from outside can do to help make peace? NATO, to debate this issue with great preci- But I think it’s very important, because this sion, let me try to characterize with great pre- air strike thing has become sort of a psycho- cision what it is they voted to do. logical litmus test. What NATO did was to They voted to reaffirm the position that list three possible areas of military action, all air strikes should be considered if Sarajevo designed to further the U.N. mission, none is shelled to the point of, in effect, being of them pretending to ultimately settle the threatened or strangled so that the U.N. mis- conflict. The NATO leaders said over and sion could not proceed. That is, the United over and over again, ultimately, the parties Nations mission in Bosnia cannot succeed will have to willingly agree to a peace. unless Sarajevo is there as a place where So what I discussed with President Yeltsin there are hospitals, a place where we can get was whether there was anything we can do humanitarian aid, and where we can get to help bring peace. We’ve reached no con- medicine and things like that in and out of. clusive results, but we had the basis for con- They voted to ask the military commanders tinuing discussions about it. to examine whether or not anything could President Yeltsin. Thank you, ladies and be done with air power or any other military gentlemen. The news conference is over. resources to guarantee the transfer of troops, Thank you very much. the exchange of troops in Srebrenica, and the President Clinton. He said he agreed opening of the air strip at Tuzla, again, for with my characterization of our conversation. humanitarian purposes. [Laughter] I want to emphasize that because there is NOTE: The President’s 44th news conference a lot of confusion here. None of the things began at 11:41 a.m. in the Kremlin Press Center. in the NATO resolution are designed nec- President Yeltsin spoke in Russian, and his re- essarily to bring a peace agreement to Bos- marks were translated by an interpreter. A tape nia. They are all designed to further the was not available for verification of the content
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of this news conference. This item was not re- in ways that will enable your nation to be ceived in time for publication in the appropriate strong and free and prosperous and at peace. issue. We live in a curious time. Modern revolu- tions are changing life for the better all over the world. Revolutions and information and Remarks in a Town Meeting With communications and technology and produc- Russian Citizens in Moscow tion, all these things make democracy more January 14, 1994 likely. They make isolated, state-controlled economies even more dysfunctional. They The President. Thank you, Alexander make opportunities for those able to seize Nikolaiovich, for that introduction, for your them more numerous and richer than ever lifetime of accomplishment, and your sup- before. And yet even in this modern world, port for free speech and for reform. the oldest of humanity’s demons still plague I am deeply honored to be here today at us: the hatreds of people for one another this station, which has become for all the based solely on their religion or their race world a beacon of information and truth. At- or their ethnic backgrounds or sometimes tacked 3 months ago by opponents of reform, simply on the piece of ground they happen Ostankino stands as a symbol of the power to have been born upon. of free expression and of the brave sacrifices In the midst of these conflicts between the the Russian people have been making to faces and forces of tomorrow and the forces build a great and free future. of yesterday, I believe that the greatness of I’m so glad there are many young people nations in the 21st century will be defined here, and I hope there are many, many more not by whether they can dictate to millions watching us on television, because it is the and millions of people within and beyond future of the youth of Russia that I wish to speak about. Once every generation or two, their borders but instead by whether they can all great nation’s must stop and think about provide their citizens, without regard to their where they are in time. They must regen- race or their gender, the opportunity to live erate themselves. They must imagine their up to the fullest of their ability, to take full future in a new way. Your generation has advantage of the incredible things that are come of age at one of those moments. in the world of today and tomorrow. Yesterday I walked through Moscow. I Therefore, if we are to realize the great- stopped at a bakery and bought some bread. ness of Russia in the 21st century, I believe I went into another shop and talked to the your nation must be strong democratically people there. I talked with an awful lot of and economically. And in this increasingly people on the street. I went to Kazan Cathe- interconnected world, you must be able to dral and lit a candle in memory of my get along together and to get along with and mother. It is a cathedral which, like Russia trade with your neighbors close at hand and itself, has been built anew on old founda- all around the globe. To do that, I think we tions. will have to write an entirely new future for Over the centuries the Russian people all of Europe, a future in which security is have shown their greatness in many ways: in based not on old divisions but on a new inte- the arts and literature, on the battlefield, in gration of nations by means of their shared the university, and in space. Though the commitment to democracy, to open econo- Communist system suppressed human rights mies, and to peaceful military cooperation. and human initiative and repressed your I come here as a friend and supporter of neighbors and brought the world the cold the democratic changes going on in this na- war, still the greatness of the Russian people tion. I hope that my Nation and I can make shown through. a positive contribution in the spirit of genu- Now on the brink of the 21st century, your ine and equal partnership, not simply to nation is being called upon once again to re- these large changes but a positive contribu- define its greatness in terms that are appro- tion to the everyday lives of ordinary citizens priate to the present day and to the future, of this great nation.
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In the end, you will have to decide your if we have a genuine, equal partnership with own future. I do not presume to do that. Your a strong and free Russia. future is still yours to make, yours to write, I believe how you define your future will yours to shape. But I do come to say that be determined in large measure by how you my Nation and its President want very much decide to respond as a people to the three to be your equal partners and genuine great challenges facing you. First, will you friends. continue to work for a genuine market econ- If I were in your place listening to this omy, or will you slow down or turn back? speech, I might ask myself, ‘‘Why is this guy Second, will you continue to strengthen and saying this? What is on his mind? Why is deepen your commitment to democracy, or he really eager to work with us?’’ First of will you allow it to be restricted? And third, all, I identify with and even sympathize with how will you define your role in the world the difficulty of the changes you face. I ran as a great power? Will you define it in yester- for President of the United States in 1992 day’s terms or tomorrow’s? because I was convinced that my Nation had Let me begin with a challenge that clearly to make some very hard changes and some most affects the daily lives of the people of tough changes in order to keep the dream this nation, the economic one. I know that that had inspired Americans for 200 years your transition to a market economy has been alive, in order to keep the hopes of our work- hard, painful, even emotionally disorienting ing people alive in a fierce and difficult and to millions of people. But if the change seems every-changing new global economy. So I un- costly, consider the price of standing still or derstand that. I have devoted myself at home trying to go back. A rigid, state-run economy to making those changes, and I know the simply does not work in the modern world. changes are difficult, even in an environment To be sure, the system you had produced in which they are easier than the ones you a very literate society, made some of you the face. So I come here in genuine sympathy best educated people in the world, developed and understanding. a high-tech base and developed a strong in- Secondly, I am interested in supporting dustrial base tied quite closely to her military these changes because my Nation stood for might. But it is inadequate to a dramatically so long against a Communist system, against changing, highly competitive, increasingly its lack of freedom, against its excessive dic- flexible global economy in which all decisions tates, against its imperial impulses, and I simply cannot be made by a handful of peo- could not bear to think that a majority of ple from the top down and in which no coun- your people would ever be sorry to have try is immune from the forces without. given it up. The old system failed before. That is why I come here because I believe that, to- you are in the present period of transition. gether, we can write a new future for Europe If you attempted to reimpose it, it would fail and help the entire world to have a more you again. Let me make it clear that I do peaceful and prosperous future. And frankly, not suggest that markets solve all problems. I come here because I believe your success They clearly do not solve all of society’s prob- is clearly in the best interests of the United lems. And indeed, they create some prob- States and of ordinary American citizens. For lems for every society, problems which must it is in our interest to be able to spend less be frankly and forthrightly addressed by peo- on defense and to invest more in our own ple who propose to have a strong community people, in the education and health and wel- of common interest and common concern fare and technology that will help to carry within their nation. Yet it is clear that the us into a better time in the 21st century. It surest way to prosperity in the world in which is in our interest to curb the spread of weap- we live is the ability of people to produce ons of mass destruction and to cooperate and to sell high-quality goods and services with you in reducing threats to peace all both within and beyond their borders. There around the world. It is in our interest to de- is no other clear path to prosperity. velop new trade ties and new customers. And Russia clearly has the capacity to do well each of these developments is more likely in this kind of economy. You have enormous
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technological prowess, a highly educated citi- always be people who are dislocated. So you zenry that is known and respected around have to have training systems, retraining sys- the world. You have immensely valuable nat- tems, systems to make sure that new busi- ural resources. It is clear that you have the nesses can always be started when old busi- capacity to do well. You have a rapidly grow- nesses are stopping, and systems to deal with ing private sector. Already your nation has people who simply are not competitive in dif- privatized nearly one-third of its industry. ficult times. About 600 businesses a month are Now, you must determine how to do this. privatizing. Tens of millions of your people No one can determine how to do it for you now own private property and are gaining or even whether to do it. But as your partner, daily experience in market economies. But I can tell you that the United States will do there remain serious problems, the most pro- what we can to help to ease your hardships found, of course, is high rates of inflation. as you move forward on this path and do Inflation at high rates destroys wages. It what we can to help you make the decisions makes people feel that they can’t keep up that you are prepared to make. and that no matter how hard they work, they Let me say that I think this has been, in will not be rewarded for their labor. It hurts some ways, the most difficult period of all the ordinary working people, the very people for you because you have taken a lot of risks, that are the backbone of any society, who you have made a lot of changes already, and have to believe that the future can be better yet the changes have not been felt tangibly than the present. It undermines that very be- in the lives of most ordinary citizens in the lief and makes it so difficult to develop and country. And that is very difficult. But I can maintain a majority for the changes and the say that just as an outside observer, it seems short-term sacrifices that have to be made. to me that it is likely that you will begin to So inflation must be tamed. And as everyone see those changes. knows, that also has its price, for inflation Let me just give you a couple of examples. can only be tamed if the government is will- I asked Vice President Gore and Prime Min- ing to print less money and therefore to ister Chernomyrdin to work on a program spend less. of economic cooperation in the fields of en- The next problem you have, it seems to ergy, the environment, and space. You have me as an outside observer, is that even massive energy resources. If we can just get though you have a lot of privatization of com- a few more things worked out, it will lead panies, the systems on which every private to big flows of money and investment, pros- economy depends are not as well-developed perity, and jobs into this nation. as they ought to be. There are not enough We have reached an agreement, an un- laws which clarify and protect contracts, precedented agreement, for cooperation in which make tax systems clear, which provide, space. Next month, Russian cosmonauts will in other words, the framework within which serve on our space shuttle. We will share our all different kinds of transactions can occur. resources, share our knowledge, share our But that can be rather easily corrected. training. And we will uncover things in space There are other problems. I might just and in our venture which will have direct mention one other that President Yeltsin has economic benefits to the people of Russia talked about quite a lot lately and that has and the people of the United States. We both received a lot of attention all around the have different but very significant environ- world since the last election here in Russia, mental problems which require high levels and that is that your country must develop of skill and technology but which generate some sort of social safety net as all other suc- enormous economic opportunity and large cessful market economies have to deal with numbers of jobs. These things will come. the fact that some people are always going Secondly, last April when I met with Presi- to have difficulties in a rapidly changing dent Yeltsin, I pledged $1.6 billion in United economy. Most people can be restored to States aid. We have now committed all that participation in the economy in times of pros- aid, and 70 percent of the money has been perity, but in any market economy there will spent. And I provided a map the other day
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to show that it had been spent all over the In a society like yours and mine and country in all kinds of different ways, mostly throughout the multiethnic expanse of Eu- to help you to develop a private economy. rope, democracy offers the best hope of pro- You will begin to see the benefits of that. tecting diversity and of making diversity a Just this week, the G–7 big industrial na- source of strength, harnessing it to a world tions opened an office in this city, led by an in which diversity is perhaps the overwhelm- American, for the purpose of making sure ing fact of life. That is why I would argue that we speed up the aid that was promised to you that each of us, in order to protect last summer but which has been coming too your democracy and mine, has a personal re- slow. In September, the Congress of the sponsibility to denounce intolerance and eth- United States approved another $2.5 billion nic hatred and anti semitism and anything aid package which can now begin to flow that undermines the ability of everybody who again to try to create jobs and opportunities lives within our national borders to be as pro- and to help slow the rate of inflation in this ductive as possible. Because, keep in mind, country. So I believe that specific benefits in the world in which we live, if you make will begin to be felt, and people will come any decision that deprives anybody who lives to see that there is a light at the end of this in your country of the right to live up to the long tunnel. fullest of their capacity, you have weakened Just today we announced the signing of a your own ability to be free and prosperous contract for the purchase of highly enriched and successful. uranium, a contract which will bring another I might say it is also why the United States $12 billion to this nation over the next several has cautioned other nations to respect the years. And we are working hard to get assist- rights of ethnic Russians and other minorities ance to the nations which buy your energy, within their borders. In both our nations the because so many of them cannot afford to success of democracy depends partly on a pay for it, to make sure that you can be paid formal constitution and partly on regular in cash, promptly, as you sell your energy elections and respecting those elections. But resources. All these things will begin to have it also depends upon a full array of other free an impact on the lives of ordinary citizens. associations that give real life and texture to That is something that, as someone who also democracies, independent trade unions, has to run for election on a periodic basis, newspapers, and a wide variety of civic and I am sensitive to that. In a democracy, if you cultural associations. put people in the driver’s seat, they are going If, like me, you are in a position of author- to drive. So it is best to give them a good ity, you know that the freedom of speech can road to drive on, and we are working with sometimes be a painful thing. Even in that. Roman times the great Emperor Marcus The next great challenge Russia faces is Aurelius said that the freedom of speech for the consolidation of democracy, and I want someone in power was something to be en- to say just a few words about that. Just like dured, not enjoyed. But it is essential to the market, democracy is no cure-all for all democratic lives that people feel free to say economic troubles or social strains. It is al- what they believe without fear of retaliation. ways a noisy and messy system. Our common We are committed to fostering this kind ally in World War II, the British Prime Min- of democratic ferment, and we are prepared ister Winston Churchill once said that, ‘‘De- to provide whatever kind of technical assist- mocracy is the worst possible form of govern- ance we can to help it do well here. I say ment, except for all of the others.’’ Why did that because some people are concerned at he say that? Because the debate is so wide; the wide variety of views and the loud expres- the opinions are so different. And sometimes, sion of those views we see in the Duma here the differences are so sharp that you wonder after the last election. That can be a healthy if anything will ever be done. But democracy thing if, but only if, everybody else’s views still offers the best guarantee of good deci- are respected and protected too. For once sionmaking and the protection of individual democracy becomes an instrument of crush- and minority rights. ing the views of the minorities, those who
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disagree, those who don’t have the muscle, There are people who are in the Baltic na- then democracy itself soon disappears. tions now who hear some of the debate in The third great challenge you face today your politics, who hear the threats to take is redefining the role of your great nation them over again. One of your political leaders in this age: What does it mean to be a great even suggested you might like to have Alaska power in this 21st century? How will you de- back. I don’t think I can go along with that. fine it? How will you know Russia is a great [Laughter] I say that because all those defini- nation? If someone asked you to describe it, tions I would argue to you are looking to yes- looking to the future, how would you know? terday. What in the world would you do with If someone asked you to describe it looking an army of occupation to the east? How back in the early 1800’s, you would say, ‘‘We would you pay for it? And what would it give are a great nation because we beat Napoleon you? How would you be more powerful than and ran him out of Russia.’’ Right? Whether some small nation, one of the industrial tigers you agree or disagree with the Communist of Asia, for example, producing and selling system, you can say you were a great nation goods and services at such a rate that their in the sense that you loomed large at the people’s incomes are going up by 10 percent height of the Soviet empire with the Warsaw a year, and they are giving the people who Pact. Great does not always mean good, but live there the opportunity to do things that at least it’s large. would have been undreamed of by their par- How will you define your greatness? It is ents or grandparents? This is a very serious a profoundly important question that you thing. must answer. I think there are some different I believe that the greatness of a nation that ways to describe it. Russia cosponsored with lasts for centuries and centuries and cen- the United States the Middle East peace turies, as this nation has, is the ability to rede- process. I think it was a very great thing when fine itself in every age and time. The young Israel and the PLO signed their accord on people of Russia especially now have a September 13, 1993. I think it is a good thing chance to show that a great power can pro- that we are continuing to work until a com- prehensive settlement is reached in that trou- mote patriotism without expansionism, that bled area. a great power can promote national pride I think it was a great thing what we did without national prejudice. That, I submit, today with the Presidents of Ukraine and is your challenge. Russia and the United States, agreeing to get Today you face no threat from invasion. all the nuclear weapons out of Ukraine and That was a legitimate concern of Russia for to give fair compensation to that nation for decades and decades, a legitimate reason to the uranium they are giving up. It makes the want a buffer zone around your borders in world a safer place. It makes your nation and former times. It is not there now. I believe mine less vulnerable to nuclear terrorism or the measure of your greatness in the future threats. It shows that we can move beyond will be whether Russia, the big neighbor, can the nuclear age entirely. be the good neighbor. There are still questions, you know, in the That is why it is so important that as your world about how you will define your great- forces operate beyond your borders, they do ness. When I was at the NATO conference so according to international law, why it is and afterward, there are nations that live be- important that you continue your planned tween Western Europe and the border of withdrawal from all the Baltic States, why it Russia who still wonder what the future is important that your nation work with the holds, nations who said, ‘‘Put me in NATO United States and the rest of Europe to build now just in case. Oh, I believe this President the Partnership For Peace called for at the of Russia when he says he respects the terri- NATO conference this year, so that for the torial borders of other nations, but look at first time in the history of nation states we the history of Russia. Think of the national can have a Europe that is united by a shared impulse. Draw another line across Europe commitment to democracy, free-market while you have a chance.’’ economies, and mutual respect for borders,
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instead of the Europe that is divided for the so I’ll take one from the right, one from the first time in history. left, I’ll do the screen and come back, okay? I’m very proud and pleased that President I can’t see so well, so—— Yeltsin decided to participate in the Partner- Q. Do I need to speak Russian or English? ship For Peace and work for an integrated The President. Speak English. And then Europe, that he signed the historic accord they can listen to the translation, and I’ll lis- with President Kravchuk and with me today ten to you. to eliminate over 1,800 nuclear warheads. These are hopeful signs and, I believe, signs Education in Russia that indicate you can make a future that is different from the past. Q. I am a student of Moscow University. Yours is a history of heroism and of persist- Mr. Clinton, what do you think about the ent hope. The question now is, can we make future education in Russia, what it needs to the economic decisions, the political deci- be, how it needs to be done, and what sions that foster hope? You will have to de- changes are needed? cide these things. I’m amused when I come The President. Well, I’m not an expert here in the spirit of genuine partnership and in your education system, although I have respect and some people say, ‘‘Well, the spent a little time trying to find out about United States is trying to dictate our course.’’ it, because in my career in the U.S., my major Nothing could be further from the truth. Be- area of interest was education. I think first lieve me, my friends, it’s all we can do to you have a very strong basic system. Virtually deal with our own problems. We don’t have all your people are literate. An enormous time to try to dictate your course. But the number of your people speak more than one course you take will affect us, and so we want language. And you have very strong technical you to make decisions that are best for you. programs. And I will close as I began: Will you define I would say you need to develop some of your future greatness in terms that were rel- your educational programs for the profes- evant to the past or terms that will shape sions that manage market economies. Do you the future? This is a crossroad and a difficult have enough people who can run things in one. But the younger generations of Russians a very rapidly changing world? I think there will look back on this time with either grati- are some gaps here, in other words, in the tude or regret, depending on how those kinds of training you have for the kind of questions are answered, the economic, the economy you’re trying to develop. And I political, the military questions. think some studies should be done about I believe you will choose the future. After that, and you should provide those education all, Russia did not get to this point by making programs. But you’re actually quite fortunate all that many wrong decisions in the past. in having a very literate society and a very And every nation makes a few mistakes. strong background in the arts, the human- There are few people anywhere that have ities, and in science and technology. more knowledge of history, both positive and Keep in mind one other thing. In most negative, that have more reason to hope for modern market economies, the average per- the future than you do. I know the present son, even if he or she stays with the same is difficult, but if you make the right deci- employer, will change the nature of their sions, if you choose hope over fear, then the work seven or eight times in a lifetime. So future will reward your courage and your vi- it’s impossible to give someone even a univer- sion. sity degree that answers all the questions they Thank you very much. will face in the workplace forever. So you have to develop systems of learning for a life- At this point, the television station took a [ time. And the most important thing is that commercial break. ] you just get a good basic foundation that en- The President. Now we’re going to take ables you to think well, to solve problems some questions from the audience. And what and to change, to learn as new things come I will do is, we have also some remote sites, along.
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Q. I am a first-year student at the depart- The President. Well, first, I don’t think ment of foreign languages at Moscow Uni- it’s entirely accurate that Russia has not been versity. First, I’d like to—— involved at all. There’s no question that Rus- The President. Well, I’d say you’re a suc- sia and the Russian military was very instru- cessful student. No accent. [Laughter] mental in stabilizing Mr. Shevardnadze’s po- Q. I’d like to thank you for what you think sition in Georgia. So I think there will be about our future in economics and in democ- times when you will be involved, and you racy. But I’d like to remind you that—how will be more likely to be involved in some I see tomorrow of our country is the spiritual of these areas near you, just like the United power. Some astrologists say that Russia will States has been involved in the last several soon become the center of everything be- years in Panama and Grenada near our area. cause we have this spiritual energy here. The thing I think that we have to try to What do you think of that? You didn’t men- do, as I said in my speech, that when there tion anything about our cultural future. is an involvement beyond the borders of the Thank you. nation, that it is consistent with international The President. Well, I mentioned a little law and, whenever possible, actually sup- bit about it, but I think you have enormous ported through other nations either through cultural power. I think you also have enor- the United Nations or through some other mous spiritual power. There is a great energy instrument of international law. in this country that communicates itself. It’s Now, let us also frankly acknowledge that always been here, I think. And in some ways some of these conflicts, take the one in Yugo- it was repressed in the last several decades. slavia, Bosnia, for example, some of these And it’s coming out now in all kinds of ways, conflicts represent longstanding conflicts that not only in terms of creative culture but also were actually repressed during the time in terms of new interest in religion and faith when these countries were effectively con- and all kinds of things that show the char- trolled from above and when the various war- acter and depth of the nation. And I would ring factions were, in effect, occupied. urge you to cultivate that, both in terms of What happened in Yugoslavia was when culture and faith. Mr. Tito died and then the central govern- Someone ask a question. I can’t pick any- ment’s authority began to erode and then all one there. You’ll have to be self-selective. the various parts of Yugoslavia began to try Q. Good day, Mr. President. This is the to be independent, Bosnia-Herzegovina, cradle of perestroika. This is the birthplace which always had these three different fac- of the last President of the Soviet Union. This tions, basically degenerated back to the con- is a multinational area. We have all kinds of flict which has been there for hundreds of people here, students, workers, office work- years. ers, representatives from the Cossacks, also There is no perfect solution to any of life’s refugees from the hot points in the former problems, you know, and I still think, on bal- Soviet Union. ance, we’re better off without empires, and Mr. President, on the territory of the countries are better off seeking their own de- former Soviet Union, civil wars go on without termination. But in this case, the truth is peo- end. Russia, unfortunately, either cannot or ple there keep killing each other. doesn’t want to settle the civil strife. What Now, what I have done is—the reason that is your feeling? Does the United States of you say that we have supported the Moslems America plan to get involved in these con- in Yugoslavia, we supported the multiethnic flicts? And if so, in what way? And more so government in Bosnia because it was recog- because there is an example of Yugoslavia. nized by the United Nations. So the United There is a danger here of taking sides in the States supported it because it was recognized West; the West is supporting the Moslems by the United Nations. However, we also in Yugoslavia. support a peace process which would give Let me repeat the question: If there will some territory to the Moslem-dominated be an involvement in the United States, what government, to the Serbs and to the Croats. kind of involvement would this be? So what we’re doing in Bosnia is to try to
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support the U.N. mission and trying to urge world is full of politicians who in times of the parties to stop killing each other. change only worry about maintaining their If you don’t have an imperial army, if you popularity instead of making decisions. At don’t just go in and take people over and least he is trying to make decisions and move tell them what to do, then you have to make generally in the right historical direction. some allowances for the fact that occasionally So if you disagree with him, you should they’ll do the stupid thing and keep on killing get in here and contribute to this great demo- each other even when it doesn’t make any cratic debate and try and help develop better sense. And there are some areas where you politics. But it is a good thing, I think, that can stop it and some where you can’t. you have a President wade into the tides of If you look at Africa, for example, and history and make decisions. Brunei and Angola and the Sudan—never Q. You’ve been talking about the future mind Somalia, just those three countries— of our nation, that we must look into another hundreds of thousands of people have died future, but the nearest future is 2 years for in each of those countries just in the last cou- the new Presidential elections. And Mr. ple of years because of civil war. That is what Yeltsin with whom you personally indicate— I said in my speech. There is still too much [inaudible]—Russian democracy, will not run tribal and ethnic hatred in this world, and for reelection because he leaves. And we can we can’t control it all, not and take care of see at the moment he leaves is the moment our problems within our borders. democracy leaves. So it means in 2 years we’ll Q. I’m a journalist. Mr. Clinton, what have a different President. He could be ei- would you like the historians to say about ther a Communist or a nationalist. Is America you once you finish your tenure as President? ready or getting ready to deal with this situa- The President. I would like them to say tion? And gentlemen, in concern with this I restored a sense of hope and optimism to why are not you willing to give protections my country, that I strengthened the econ- to the nations who seek it? For instance, the omy, and made it possible for my people to Baltic situation? lead the world economically into the 21st Thank you. century and that I restored the sense of com- The President. Wait, stand up. First of munity in America, that we came back to- all, one of the things you’ve learned now that gether as a people even though we are very you have these elections all the time is that diverse now. And I would like it to be said 2 years is an eternity in democracy. Just be- that I helped lead the world to more peaceful cause there’s nobody on the scene now cooperation, into a future very different from doesn’t mean there won’t be somebody on the bloody and divided past of the 20th cen- the scene that none of you have ever heard tury. of 2 years from now that a majority of the Q. I’m a journalist also. Mr. President, if people will fall in love with and make Presi- at a dinner table, let’s say, President Yeltsin dent of the country. So you cannot assume would ask you to switch places with him, that. would you make such a risk? Would you risk On the other hand, I would say this not doing that? only to the forces of reform but to any other The President. No, I like the job I have. blocs. One of the most important responsibil- [Laughter] And I wouldn’t do it because I’m ities of political parties in a democracy is to just as proud to be an American as he is to always be grooming new leaders and to never be a Russian. But if I asked him to switch treat anyone, no matter how great he or she places with me, he wouldn’t do it either. may be, as totally indispensable. So this is You know, I’ll tell you, the one thing I be- something that all of these groups will have lieve about President Yeltsin, he’s just like to learn. You have to always be grooming new me. We make mistakes, and we’re not per- people for leadership. But I wouldn’t assume fect, and we don’t have all the answers. But that there would be no future leaders besides I’ll tell you one thing about him, he at least out of the other two blocs you mentioned. gets up every day and tries to make a dif- Now, on the Baltics, we have not denied ference. He is trying to do something. The them the right to protection. In fact, we have
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invited them to be part of this Partnership we were for the independence and the free- For Peace. And in order to be part of it— dom of the Baltic nations, but we expect the and keep in mind, Russia has agreed to be Russian minorities to be protected. And if part of it—they will participate in joint mili- we have evidence that they are being abused, tary planning, joint military operations. And it will affect our policies toward them. as we do the exercises, the only way you can So I assure you, sir, that—I am waiting be part of it is if you promise to respect the for the report right now on Latvia by the territorial boundaries of all of the other coun- unbiased, sort of third-party source. And if tries that are part of this. So we are giving there is evidence that they are abusing the them a great deal of protection. It just means rights of the Russian minorities, then I will that they’re not members of NATO right act accordingly. away. I don’t think we can have a double stand- The other NATO members will tell you ard. We can’t have one standard for the that, to be part of NATO, you have to be United States and Russia and say if you’re in a position to assume certain responsibil- ities as well as just ask for the security guar- a smaller country you can do things that big- antee. But there are significant increases in ger countries shouldn’t be permitted to do. security just for being part of the Partnership Q. Mr. President, will America give strong For Peace. financial support to the businessman who Before we go to the screen again, to St. would like to invest in the economy of Rus- Petersburg, I would like to introduce the sia? most important person in this audience to The President. We have—where is our me, my wife, Hillary, who just came to Russia support for them, is that what you said? We this morning. Stand up. [Applause] A very have some institutions, the Export-Import large number of the people I have met in Bank and the office of private investment, the last 2 days, especially young women, have which help private investors to invest in other asked me about her. So I thought I would countries. But the main thing we are trying introduce her, and I thank you for that. to do now, we need much more—there Is someone going to ask a—St. Petersburg, should be much more American investment do you have a question? in Russia. Q. Very recently, the political and eco- Two of my Cabinet members met with the nomic assistance was very closely linked to American business community here yester- human rights. And why, at the present time, day morning. And in March the Secretary of does America help the Baltic States in spite Commerce is coming here with a large group of the repression against Russians in that of American businessmen to encourage them country? to invest. We have also taken all the duties, The President. Which country? all the extra taxes off of nearly 5,000 Russian Q. Baltics. products which can now be sold without The President. First of all—— handicap into the United States. Q. I’m talking about all three Baltic coun- tries, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. So we are trying to figure out not only how The President. Well, first of all, in Lithua- we can invest more here but how we can nia, your government, the Russian govern- buy more of your products. And in the end, ment withdrew the troops because it was sat- that is much more important to your eco- isfied with the relationship between the two nomic future than any direct government aid, countries. because in our economy, there is so much There are still outstanding questions with more money in the private sector than in the Estonia and Latvia. An international group government sector. So we are working on from the Council on Security and Coopera- that. And I hope in March when the Amer- tion in Europe, CSCE, is now in Latvia ican Investment and Trade Mission comes studying the situation. And we have made here, it gets a lot of publicity and that they it clear—I have personally met with the lead- get a chance to meet a lot of people and ers of all of the Baltic States, and I have said to learn a lot about how we can do that.
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If they need help with the financing for how far would I go to protect Russian democ- investment, we actually have institutions to racy, I want an equal partnership here. I do that also to help them move—— don’t want to have any dictatorial or control Q. In your speech you mentioned about in Russia. I just want to be an equal partner your intention to support, to protect full Rus- with a strong partner. And I will be an equal sian democracy. Is it the same for you, Rus- partner as long as there is democracy, which sian democracy and the President Boris is, majority rule under the constitution, and Yeltsin? That’s the first part of the question. respect for minority rights and minority in- And the second one: How far the United terests. States is going to go to protect Russian de- Q. Mr. President, what do you think is the mocracy? main difference between Russia and the The President. The answer to your first United States? question is that—is Russian democracy the The President. I think the main dif- same thing as Boris Yeltsin? No. Not now, ference between Russia and the United because you also have a democratic constitu- States today is that we are the oldest, now tion that the people have voted for and a the longest lasting continuous democracy on democratically elected Parliament that the the face of the Earth, and you are one of people have voted for. But before the last the youngest. We have now been a free de- election, you only had one person who had mocracy for over 200 years. And that affects ever been voted on in a free election by all the way we are and the way we deal with of the people of Russia, the President. things. Now, do I intend to work with President Yeltsin as long as he embodies Russian de- On the other hand, we have a lot of prob- mocracy and as long as he is the choice of lems in common, and we have a lot of good the majority of the people of Russia to be things in common. We are much more—our the President? Of course, there is no other people have deep roots in the soil. We’re President. There may be some people in much more likely to be much more sort of Russia who wish someone else were the open and friendly and gregarious in a certain President of the United States, but I’m the way than many people in other countries. We only U.S. President you have right now. You also, unfortunately, have a lot of the same see? That’s not the same thing as saying that problems that you are now dealing with, a I’m all there is to American democracy; I’m crime problem, and my country has one of not. the worst crime problems in the world. So what we wish to do—yesterday evening, So we have a lot in common, our two peo- Ambassador Pickering, our American Am- ples do. And we have always pretty much bassador, and Mrs. Pickering were both here, gotten along, except for the tensions caused held a reception for me at the American Am- when we had different political systems be- bassador’s residence, Spaso House, and we fore and after World War II. But I would had a lot of the leaders of Parliament, a lot say the biggest difference flows out of the of the leaders of the regional political groups, fact that we have had the benefit of being a lot of people from the private sector, some a democracy for 200 years, and you are one of whom are from different political groups, of the youngest. there to meet me. Because now, democracy Q. We welcome you here in the Kremlin. is three things: It’s the elected President, the I would like to tell you briefly about the his- constitution, and the Parliament, plus people tory of my city. This is one of the largest who have been elected in various ways industrial cities, but unfortunately, there is throughout the country, plus people who are a major military industry here, and this is the in free associations, like labor movements. place where academician Sakharov was ex- Now, one thing democracy is, beyond ma- iled. At the same time we’re one of the focal jority rule, is respect for minority rights, for points of the reform. And I can judge about individual freedoms, like the freedom of that just by looking at the people who are speech and the right to vote, even if you don’t next to me. Around me are people who are vote the way people like. So when you said, helping along to reform.
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This is the Mayor. He is welcoming you The President. Come here. Come up now. We have a twin city in the United here. Come shake hands with me, and maybe States, which is Philadelphia. This is one of you’ll be President of Russia some day. our businessmen who owns a joint venture I was 16 when I shook hands with Presi- with an American partner. This is an ordinary dent Kennedy, and it was about that time citizen of our city, who is now holding a fa- that I knew I wanted to go into public serv- mous festival. One of them has been at- ice. But of course, at that time I had no idea tended by Rostropovich. And we have many that I could ever be elected President or that many students who have studied in the I would ever have a chance to. But sometime United States. when I was a fairly young man, I decided We had just one question. Right next to that I would work hard and that if I ever me is a teacher. She is running student ex- got an opportunity that I would try to be- change programs. come President. Q. I’ve been doing this for a long time. Probably our greatest President was Abra- But usually these are one-sided exchanges. ham Lincoln, who was the President of the Does Mr. President think that American stu- United States during the Civil War in the dents would have something to learn from mid-1800’s. And when he was a young man, Russia, as well? Abraham Lincoln wrote in his diary, ‘‘I will The President. Absolutely. Yes. First of work and get ready, and perhaps my chance all, I’m glad you have a sister city relationship will come.’’ I say that to you. with Philadelphia. It is a wonderful, wonder- And one thing we do have in common that ful city. They also voted for me for President. I have always admired about your country But the answer to your question is, definitely. is many of the leaders of your country, like I came here in the first week of 1970 as a me, have come from basically quite humble student, on my own when I was living in Eng- circumstances, have been working people. land because I wanted to learn about this And that’s a great thing for a nation, to make country and because I believed that we ought it possible to cast the net for talent very wide so that anybody has a chance to rise to the to be friends and because I was so worried top if he or she has the ability and the good about what then seemed to be the dif- fortune to do so. So good luck to you. ferences between our two nations and the Q. Thank you. fact that we could blow up the world almost Q. Mr. President, I have two questions for by accident. So yes, I think we should send you today. You stated that you have your idea large numbers of American students here. I of what democracy is, and that is quite natu- think we have a lot to learn. ral. It has three component parts, but don’t Keep in mind, if we were having this— you feel that in England there is a completely if Boris Yeltsin came to the United States different democracy as there is in France? and did what I’m doing here, very few of When you do visits around the world and the students could stand up and speak to him say this sort of democracy is the very best in Russian as you are speaking to me in model—in other words, ‘‘Okay, Russians, fol- English. We have a lot to learn from you, low us, follow our model.’’ I think this isn’t and I would like more of our students to quite correct. I have another question if I come here. can ask this one? Yes. Yes. This is your youngest questioner The President. May I answer that one so far. How old are you, young man? first? Let me answer this one first. Q. I’m 13 years old. I perfectly agree with that. I think you The President. Thirteen, not 30. [Laugh- could have a system, a democratic system like ter] the British, like the French, like the Italians, Q. I saw your picture shaking hands with like—you name it, but they all have certain President Kennedy, and I’d like to ask you things in common. They all have opportuni- how old were you and when you got your ties for the people to vote and a system for idea to become a President of the United them to have elected representatives who States. themselves get to vote on which laws govern
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the people and some system for the protec- me? I’ve gone over my time already 10 min- tion of individual rights and the rights of mi- utes. nority groups. But how you do that is per- Q. You have a very educated auditorium fectly up to you. There are many different here, and I was thinking, I wonder if you ways you can do it. Yes, the British system could gather as many people in the U.S. in is different from the French system, and both one studio who would be as fluent in Russian of them are different from our system. as these people in Ostankino are fluent in Interestingly enough, your system is dif- English. ferent from ours, too. You elect one Presi- Anyway, I am here in Red Square. The dent and then a Parliament, but the upper people who are here would like to ask one chamber of your Parliament has more control question. Mr. President, we’re getting an im- over the lower chamber than ours does, and pression that you’re supporting not so much your President, on paper at least, has more the reforms in Russia but the personality of power than I do. I sort of like your system. President Yeltsin. What’s this connected to? [Laughter] The President. Well, I already answered No, they should be different. I agree with that question, or I tried to, but I will answer that. it again. Until you had your last election and Q. I have a second question then. During you adopted a new constitution and you your election campaign you demonstrated elected a new Parliament from people with— how you can play the sax. I wonder if you lots of people from different parties, Presi- dent Yeltsin was the only person who had will demonstrate for us here today? actually been elected by all the people of The President. No. I played for President Russia in a full and free election. Now, you Yeltsin last night. I have a quota, one saxo- have three sources of democratic legitimacy, phone play per country. [Laughter] I didn’t if you will. You have the Parliament, the bring the horn today, but I thank you for President, and the constitution. We have no asking. interest in picking favorites or defining Rus- Q. Mr. President, just imagine the situa- sian democracy in terms of anyone. So you tion. You don’t have an opportunity to speak have done that, and you must do that. to this pretty large audience. You don’t have The second thing I would say, however, the opportunity to pop into the bakery, buy is that no country can have more than one some bread and chat with some people on President at a time. Every nation needs the street. You just have an opportunity to someone who’s the leader, who then works choose one person, one Russian person and with the leaders of other nations. And I’m talk only to him. From what social layer the President of the United States. If I want would you choose this person? Would it be, to work with you and help you, I should be I don’t know, an economist, interpreter, stu- open to meeting with and listening to all the dent, businessman, politician? democratic voices in Russia. But in the end, The President. If I could only speak to I still have to work with your President. one person, I would speak to the wisest per- Q. Mr. President, when you were a stu- son I could find in a medium-sized city in dent you were in Moscow. And now you’re Russia that was having a difficult time with the President of your Nation. I’m a law stu- these economic changes. I would talk to dent at the Moscow International University. someone, regardless of what economic strata And could you give me some advice how I they were from, he or she was from, had a can follow your career path? lot of friends from all walks of life, who could The President. Well, I can tell you this: tell me how they were viewing what is going I came from a family that had no money, on now. I would pick someone from a sort no influence, and no particular interest in of medium- to small-sized town because they politics. My mother got interested in politics would be more likely to know all different after I started running, but not before. My kinds of people. advice to you would be two things: One, get Red Square. We need to take one question the best education you can; and two, involve from Red Square. Red Square can you hear yourself in politics and figure out what you
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believe, which party and group you want to assistance to Ukraine and Russia to support be identified with; work in the elections; the creation of effective market economies. work on some problem that the people have. The three Presidents reviewed the And then the third thing I would say is progress that has been made in reducing nu- this: Try to develop a genuine interest if you clear forces. Deactivation of strategic forces don’t have it in the real problems and hopes is already well underway in the United States, of ordinary people, because in a democracy, Russia and Ukraine. The Presidents wel- the only way you can really keep going comed the ongoing deactivation of RS–18s throughout all the things that will happen, (SS–19s) and RS–22s (SS–24s) on Ukrainian all the ups and downs, is if you really care territory by having their warheads removed. what happens to other people as well as what The Presidents look forward to the entry happens to you in your own career. into force of the START I Treaty, including They say we have to stop. I’ve had a won- the Lisbon Protocol and associated docu- derful time. I’m sorry, but they’re telling me ments, and President Kravchuk reiterated his I have to cut off. commitment that Ukraine accede to the Nu- I want to thank you again. Thank you very clear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non- much for this. Thank you. I want to thank nuclear-weapon state in the shortest possible you again. I wish we had another hour. I’d time. Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin noted like to take all the questions, but I have that entry into force of START I will allow abused the network. We are now 18 minutes them to seek early ratification of START II. over time. And if you’ll hang around here The Presidents discussed, in this regard, a little bit after, we’ll shake hands, and I’ll steps their countries would take to resolve try to answer your questions at least face to certain nuclear weapons questions. face. But I have to let the network cut off. The Presidents emphasized the impor- Thank you, all of you, from our remote tance of ensuring the safety and security of sites. Thank all of you for being here. And nuclear weapons pending their dismantle- Hillary and I are delighted to be with you. ment. Good luck to you. We’ll try to be good part- The Presidents recognize the importance ners and good friends. of compensation to Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus for the value of the highly-enriched NOTE: The President spoke at 3:30 p.m. at the uranium in nuclear warheads located on their Ostankino TV Station. A tape was not available territories. Arrangements have been worked for verification of the content of these remarks. This item was not received in time for publication out to provide fair and timely compensation in the appropriate issue. to Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus as the nuclear warheads on their territory are trans- ferred to Russia for dismantling. Statement by the Presidents of the Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin expressed United States, Russia, and Ukraine satisfaction with the completion of the high- January 14, 1994 ly-enriched uranium contract, which was signed by appropriate authorities of the Presidents Clinton, Yeltsin and Kravchuk United States and Russia. By converting met in Moscow on January 14. The three weapons-grade uranium into uranium which Presidents reiterated that they will deal with can only be used for peaceful purposes, the one another as full and equal partners and highly-enriched uranium agreement is a that relations among their countries must be major step forward in fulfilling the countries’ conducted on the basis of respect for the mutual non-proliferation objectives. independence, sovereignty and territorial in- The three Presidents decided on simulta- tegrity of each nation. neous actions on transfer of nuclear war- The three Presidents agreed on the impor- heads from Ukraine and delivery of com- tance of developing mutually beneficial, pensation to Ukraine in the form of fuel as- comprehensive and cooperative economic re- semblies for nuclear power stations. lations. In this connection, they welcomed Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin informed the intention of the United States to provide President Kravchuk that the United States
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and Russia are prepared to provide security becomes a non-nuclear-weapon state party to assurances to Ukraine. In particular, once the the NPT. START I Treaty enters into force and President Clinton reaffirmed the United Ukraine becomes a non-nuclear-weapon States commitment to provide technical and state party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation financial assistance for the safe and secure Treaty (NPT), the United States and Russia dismantling of nuclear forces and storage of will: fissile materials. The United States has —Reaffirm their commitment to Ukraine, agreed under the Nunn-Lugar program to in accordance with the principles of the provide Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and CSCE Final Act, to respect the inde- Belarus with nearly USD 800 million in such pendence and sovereignty and the exist- assistance, including a minimum of USD 175 ing borders of the CSCE member states million to Ukraine. The United States Con- and recognize that border changes can gress has authorized additional Nunn-Lugar be made only by peaceful and consen- funds for this program, and the United States sual means; and reaffirm their obligation will work intensively with Russia, Ukraine, to refrain from the threat or use of force Kazakhstan and Belarus to expand assistance against the territorial integrity or politi- for this important purpose. The United cal independence of any state, and that States will also work to promote rapid imple- none of their weapons will ever be used mentation of the assistance agreements that except in self-defense or otherwise in are already in place. accordance with the Charter of the United Nations; NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- —Reaffirm their commitment to Ukraine, tion of the content of this communique. This item was not received in time for publication in the in accordance with the principles of the appropriate issue. CSCE Final Act, to refrain from eco- nomic coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by an- Joint Statement on Non-Proliferation other CSCE participating state of the of Weapons of Mass Destruction and rights inherent in its sovereignty and the Means of Their Delivery thus to secure advantages of any kind; January 14, 1994 —Reaffirm their commitment to seek im- mediate UN Security Council action to President Clinton and President Yeltsin, provide assistance to Ukraine, as a non- during their meeting in Moscow on January nuclear-weapon state party to the NPT, 14, 1994, agreed that the proliferation of if Ukraine should become a victim of weapons of mass destruction and their mis- an act of aggression or an object of a sile delivery systems represents an acute threat of aggression in which nuclear threat to international security in the period weapons are used; and following the end of the Cold War. They de- —Reaffirm, in the case of Ukraine, their clared the resolve of their countries to co- commitment not to use nuclear weapons operate actively and closely with each other, against any non-nuclear-weapon state and also with other interested states, for the party to the NPT, except in the case of purpose of preventing and reducing this an attack on themselves, their territories threat. or dependent territories, their armed The Presidents noted that the proliferation forces, or their allies, by such a state in of nuclear weapons creates a serious threat association or alliance with a nuclear to the security of all states, and expressed weapon state. their intention to take energetic measures Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin informed aimed at prevention of such proliferation. President Kravchuk that consultations have —Considering the Treaty on the Non-pro- been held with the United Kingdom, the liferation of Nuclear Weapons as the third depositary state of the NPT, and the basis for efforts to ensure the non- United Kingdom is prepared to offer the proliferation of nuclear weapons, they same security assurances to Ukraine once it called for its indefinite and uncondi-
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tional extension at conference of its par- —They agreed to cooperate with each ticipants in 1995, and they urged that other and also with other states to elabo- all states that have not yet done so ac- rate measures designed to prevent the cede to this treaty. accumulation of excessive stocks of —They expressed their resolve to imple- fissile materials and over time to reduce ment effective measures to limit and re- such stocks. duce nuclear weapons. In this connec- —They agreed to establish a joint working tion, they advocated the most rapid pos- group to consider: sible entry into force of the START I —including in their voluntary IAEA and START II treaties. safeguards offers all source and special —They agreed to review jointly appro- fissionable materials, excluding only priate ways to strengthen security assur- those facilities associated with activities ances for the states which have re- having direct national security signifi- nounced the possession of nuclear cance; weapons and that comply strictly with —steps to ensure the transparency and their nonproliferation obligations. irreversibility of the process of reduction —They expressed their support for the of nuclear weapons, including the possi- International Atomic Energy Agency in bility of putting a portion of fissionable its efforts to carry out its safeguards re- material under IAEA safeguards. Par- sponsibilities. They also expressed their ticular attention would be given to mate- intention to provide assistance to the rials released in the process of nuclear Agency in the safeguards field, including disarmament and steps to ensure that through joint efforts of their relevant these materials would not be used again laboratories to improve safeguards. for nuclear weapons. —They supported the Nuclear Suppliers —The Presidents also tasked their experts Group, and agreed with the need for ef- to study options for the long-term dis- fective implementation of the principle position of fissile materials, particularly of full-scope IAEA safeguards as a con- of plutonium, taking into account the dition for nuclear exports with the need issues of nonproliferation, environ- for export controls on dual-use materials mental protection, safety, and technical and technology in the nuclear field. and economic factors. —They reaffirmed their countries’ com- —They reaffirmed the intention of inter- mitment to the conclusion as soon as ested organizations of the two countries possible of an international treaty to to complete within a short time a joint achieve a comprehensive ban on nuclear study of the possibilities of terminating test explosions and welcomed the deci- the production of weapon-grade pluto- sion to begin negotiations at the con- nium. ference on disarmament. They declared —The Presidents agreed that reduction of their firm intention to provide political the risk of theft or diversion of nuclear support for the negotiating process, and materials is a high priority, and in this appealed to other states to refrain from context they noted the usefulness of the carrying out nuclear explosions while September 1993 Agreement to cooper- these talks are being held. ate in improving the system of controls, —They noted that an important contribu- accounting, and physical protection for tion to the goal of nonproliferation of nuclear materials. They attached great nuclear weapons would be made by a significance to further joint work on the verifiable ban on the production of separate but mutually connected prob- fissile materials for nuclear weapons and lems of accounting for nuclear materials by the most rapid conclusion of an inter- used in the civilian and military fields. national convention to this effect with Both Presidents favored a further increase the widest possible participation of in the efforts to prevent the proliferation of states and on a non-discriminatory basis. chemical and biological weapons.
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—As the heads of the countries that have ute to transparency and thereby con- the world’s largest stockpiles of chemi- fidence in compliance with the Conven- cal weapons, they acknowledged par- tion and its effectiveness. ticular responsibility for eliminating the The Presidents expressed the determina- threat posed by these weapons. In this tion of their countries to cooperate with each context, they declare their resolute sup- other in preventing the proliferation of mis- port for the Convention on the Prohibi- siles capable of carrying weapons of mass de- tion of Chemical Weapons, and their in- struction. tention to promote ratification as rapidly —They welcomed the conclusion of the as possible and entry into force of the Bilateral Memorandum of Understand- Convention not later than 1995. ing between the Government of the —To promote implementation of a com- Russian Federation and the Govern- prehensive ban on chemical weapons, ment of the United States of America they welcomed the conclusion of the im- Concerning the Export of Missile plementing documents for the Wyo- Equipment and Technologies, signed in ming Memorandum of Understanding September 1993, noted the importance and agreed to conclude work in as short of this Agreement for ensuring mutually a time as possible on the implementing beneficial cooperation between the U.S. documents for the Bilateral Agreement and Russia in the field of space explo- on the Destruction of Chemical Weap- ration, and agreed to collaborate closely ons. in order to ensure its full and timely im- —The Presidents reaffirmed their desire plementation. to facilitate the safe, secure, timely, and —The U.S. welcomed Russia’s intention ecologically sound destruction of chemi- to join the Missile Technology Control cal weapons in the Russian Federation Regime and undertook to cooperate and the United States. They applauded with Russia in facilitation its member- the joint Chemical Weapons Destruc- ship at an early date. The Russian Fed- tion Work Plan recently concluded be- eration and the United States of Amer- tween the two countries which leads the ica are certain that further improving way for the United States to provide an the MTCR, including the prudent ex- additional $30 million in assistance to pansion of membership, will help re- support an analytical chemical labora- duce the threat of proliferation of mis- tory in Russia to facilitate chemical siles and missile technologies in the re- weapons destruction. The United States gional context as well. also agreed to consider appropriate ad- The Presidents of the two countries agreed ditional measures to support Russia’s that, in addition to strengthening global chemical weapons destruction program. norms of nonproliferation and working out —They reiterated the importance of strict agreements to this effect, close cooperation compliance with the Convention on the is essential in order to develop policies on Prohibition of Biological and Toxin nonproliferation applicable to specific re- Weapons and of continued implementa- gions posing the greatest risk of proliferation tion of measures in accordance with the of weapons of mass destruction and their Russia-America-British Statement of means of delivery. September 1992, which provided inter —They agreed that nuclear weapons on alia for the reciprocal visits of facilities the Korean Peninsula would represent and meetings between experts in order a grave threat to regional and inter- to ensure confidence in the compliance national security, and decided that their with the Convention. countries would consult with each other —They supported convening a special on ways to eliminate this danger. They conference of the states’ parties to the called upon the DPRK to honor fully Convention on the Prohibition of Bio- its obligation under the Treaty on the logical and Toxin Weapons in order to Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons consider measures that would contrib- and its safeguards agreement with the
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IAEA in connection with the Treaty, Joint American-Russian Statement and to resolve the problems of safe- on Human Rights guards implementation, inter alia, January 14, 1994 through dialogue between IAEA and DPRK. They also urged full and speedy The President of the United States of implementation of the Joint Declaration America and the President of the Russian of the ROK and the DPRK on Federation share the view that full guaran- Denuclearization of the Korean Penin- tees of respect for basic human rights and sula. fundamental freedoms of all persons are in- —They support efforts to reach agreement dispensable for the maintenance of good re- on the establishment of a multilateral lations between countries and the strength- form to consider measures in the filed ening of stability and security in the world. They also share the view that the develop- of arms control in nonproliferation that ment of a state founded on the rule of law could strengthen security in South Asia. with an independent, impartial and effective They call on India and Pakistan to join legal system is essential for the respect of in the negotiation of and become origi- human rights. nal signatories to the Treaty Banning They agree that aggressive nationalism and Nuclear Weapons Test Explosions and political extremism are the main threat to the proposed Convention to Ban Pro- peace and democracy today. They therefore duction of Fissile Materials for Nuclear reaffirm their resolve to focus attention, Explosives and to refrain from deploying through joint efforts where possible, on viola- ballistic missiles capable of delivering tions of human rights wherever they may weapons of mass destruction to each occur and to continue to work for the elimi- other’s territories. nation of discrimination, intolerance, racial —They agreed that the U.S. and Russia, and national prejudices, xenophobia and anti- as co-chairs in the Middle East peace Semitism. Adhering to the principle of intol- process, would actively promote erance of any nationalistic or religious extre- progress in the activity of the working mism, they reiterate their commitment to group for Arms Control and Regional take all necessary measures for the effective Security in the Middle East, striving for guarantee of the rights of all citizens, regard- speedy implementation of confidence- less of their nationality or religion. building measures and working toward They will take coordinated steps to in- turning the Middle East into a region crease the effectiveness of the activities of free of weapons of mass destruction, international organizations and mechanisms where conventional forces would not ex- in order to improve human rights practices ceed reasonable defense needs. everywhere and to guarantee their full re- spect. They reaffirm the determination of —They firmly supported the efforts of the CSCE Foreign Ministers in Rome that better UN Special Commission and the IAEA use of CSCE human dimension instruments, to put into operation a long-term mon- including CSCE missions, should be made itoring system of the military potential to promote open and diverse media. They of Iraq, and called upon Iraq to comply reiterate their commitment to safeguard with all UN Security Council resolu- freedom of expression as a basic human right tions. and underscore its importance for a free and open society. NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- The United States reaffirms its support for tion of the content of this communique. This item democratic reforms in Russia. Among these was not received in time for publication in the reforms are the establishment of an inde- appropriate issue. pendent judiciary as a fundamental part of
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a state based on the rule of law, the strength- new measures to strengthen strategic stabil- ening of other foundations of a civil society ity. and full realization of personal rights and lib- Based on ongoing discussions of strategic erties. The Presidents agree that the contin- disengagement measures between the min- ued success of the democratic transformation istries of defense of the two countries, the in Russia is of great importance for the pro- Presidents announced that they would direct motion of the principles of democracy and the detargeting of strategic nuclear missiles human rights all over the world and for the under their respective commands so that by maintenance of international stability and se- not later than May 30, 1994, those missiles curity. will not be targeted. Thus, for the first time in nearly half a century—virtually since the NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- dawn of the nuclear age—the United States tion of the content of this communique. This item and Russia will not operate nuclear forces, was not received in time for publication in the day-to-day, in a manner that presumes they appropriate issue. are adversaries. President Clinton and President Yeltsin expressed satisfaction with the accelerating Moscow Declaration development of a wide range of economic, January 14, 1994 scientific and technological relationships be- tween the United States and Russia. They President of the United States William J. also reaffirmed their strong support for the Clinton and President of the Russian Federa- rapid growth of bilateral trade and invest- tion Boris Yeltsin, having met together in ment as a special priority. In their view, the Moscow from January 12–15, 1994, re- Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission has be- affirmed the fundamental importance of come a dynamic and effective mechanism for U.S.-Russian cooperation based upon the coordination and expansion of U.S.-Russian Charter of American-Russian Partnership cooperation. A key expression of this rela- and Friendship, the Vancouver Declaration, tionship is U.S.-Russian joint cooperation in and existing treaties and agreements. They space, especially their partnership, with other noted with satisfaction that the relationship interested parties, in the construction of a between the United States and Russia has space station. entered a new stage of mature strategic part- The two Presidents reaffirmed their readi- nership based on equality, mutual advantage, ness to move forward on the path of open- and recognition of each other’s national in- ness and mutual trust in American-Russian terests. From this perspective, they reviewed relations and to create favorable conditions the full range of bilateral and international for the comprehensive development of politi- issues. cal, commercial, humanitarian, and people- The two Presidents had an extensive dis- to-people contacts between the two coun- cussion of security issues, including arms re- tries. In this connection, a mutual interest duction and nonproliferation. Both parties in enlarging the consular presence on each expressed concern over increasing challenges other’s territory was expressed. In particular, to global nonproliferation regimes. They the American side intends to open a Con- agreed upon the need to strengthen those sulate General in Yekaterinburg in February regimes and to create, together with other 1994. interested states, a new mechanism to en- With the approval by the U.S. Congress hance transparency and responsibility in the of NAFTA and the successful completion of transfer of conventional arms and sensitive the Uruguay Round of global trade negotia- dual-use technologies. They also strongly tions, President Clinton and President supported completion of negotiations on a Yeltsin welcomed the accelerating progress comprehensive test ban at the earliest pos- toward creation of an open and prosperous sible time. The two Presidents reiterated world economy and trading system. Presi- their support for a cutoff of production of dent Yeltsin informed President Clinton of fissile materials for weapons and considered recent steps among the member states of the
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Commonwealth of Independent States to- the way for broad and intensive cooperation ward increased economic coordination and between Russia and NATO as a partner. Tak- cooperation. The two Presidents agreed that ing into account Russia’s international role, such initiatives, pursued in an open and vol- President Clinton welcomed the prospect of untary manner consistent with GATT rules Russia’s active participation in the Partner- and procedures, should be conducive to the ship for Peace. rapid inclusion of all the participating states The two Presidents condemned aggressive into the global economy. nationalism, violations of human rights, and In this context, President Clinton and ethnic and religious intolerance of any kind, President Yeltsin exchanged views on the including anti-Semitism. They expressed se- economic strategies of their respective gov- rious concern about the existence and poten- ernments. President Yeltsin described the tial for intensification of conflicts in the economic situation in Russia. He affirmed former Yugoslavia and a number of the New the irreversibility of Russia’s transition to a Independent States of the former Soviet market economy and his intention to further Union. President Yeltsin apprised President promote reforms and to address social needs Clinton of the peacekeeping efforts under- associated with this transition. President taken by Russia on the territory of the former Clinton stressed his strong support for Rus- USSR. The two Presidents are determined sian reform and suggested that social issues to intensify the coordination of their efforts, could be a new and promising area for co- within the framework of the United Nations operation. and the CSCE, to promote rapid and peace- President Clinton and President Yeltsin ful resolution of conflicts on conditions that noted with satisfaction that the end of the correspond to generally accepted standards Cold War has brought continuous progress of international law, including respect for the toward overcoming the division of the Euro- independence, sovereignty, and existing bor- pean continent and opened the way for broad ders of the New Independent States of the cooperation among European states on a new former Soviet Union. agenda of urgent tasks, with priority being given to preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping The two Presidents reaffirmed the support and protection of human rights and the rights of the United States and Russia for the of national and other minorities. In this con- United Nations. They will act with other nection, the two Presidents welcomed the countries to strengthen the potential of the decisions of the CSCE Foreign Ministers’ UN to support and establish peace and pre- meeting in Rome which they consider to be vent conflict. The two sides will work out an important step in making the CSCE a key practical activities among themselves and mechanism of international cooperation in other countries to improve preparation for Europe. participation in UN peacekeeping oper- Proceeding from the conviction that new ations. In connection with the upcoming 50th divisions of Europe must be avoided, Presi- anniversary of the UN, President Clinton and dent Clinton and President Yeltsin agreed President Yeltsin consider it important to upon the need to create a new European se- convene at the appropriate time a meet of curity order that is inclusive, non-discrimina- the heads of state and government of the tory and focused on practical political and members of the UN Security Council for a security cooperation. The two Presidents review of the work established for the UN agreed that the concept of the Partnership at the January 1992 Security Council summit for Peace adopted at the Brussels meeting and an examination of tasks for the future. of the NATO member states is an important President Clinton and President Yeltsin element of an emerging new European secu- are convinced that the United States and rity architecture. Russia will continue to consolidate their part- President Yeltsin informed President Clin- nership and together promote global stabil- ton of Russia’s intention to participate ac- ity, peace, and prosperity. tively in the Partnership for Peace and to Done in Moscow on January 14, 1994, in conclude substantive agreements opening the English and Russian languages.
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NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- worldwide economic growth and open for- tion of the content of this communique. This item eign markets so that we can boost our exports was not received in time for publication in the and create new American jobs. We also have appropriate issue. to exert leadership in world affairs to protect our Nation and keep small problems today Statement by the Press Secretary on from growing into dangerous crises tomor- the Death of Foreign Minister Johan row. Jurgen Holst of Norway No part of the world is more important January 14, 1994 to us than Europe. Our people fought two world wars in this century to protect Eu- The President was saddened to learn yes- rope’s democracies. Today, Europe remains terday of the death of Norwegian Foreign at the heart of our security and is also our Minister Johan Jurgen Holst. Throughout his most valuable partner in trade and invest- long and distinguished career, Minister Holst ment. was one of the world’s leading experts and Now Europe stands at a key moment. The wisest thinkers on international security cold war is over. Western Europe no longer issues. As his nation’s defense minister, head fears invasion, and we no longer live in the of a leading research institute, and foreign minister, he was in the forefront of those de- shadow of nuclear annihilation. The Soviet signing and implementing international secu- Union has given way to a dozen new inde- rity policies during the cold war and adapting pendent and largely democratic states from those policies to the post-cold-war period. Central Asia to the Baltic countries. Americans remember him best for his Yet despite these advances for freedom, leading role in the Israeli-PLO negotiations we still need to work with our transatlantic that led to the breakthrough in the Middle partners to build a new security. Many na- East peace process last September. The tions of the former Soviet bloc are fighting President was proud to have the opportunity economic hardship that could threaten their to honor Minister Holst at the White House new democracies. In many of these coun- signing ceremony on September 13. tries, militant nationalists are fanning the The White House expresses its deepest flames of ancient ethnic and religious sympathies to the family and friends of this hatreds. And we still have to finish the work great statesman. of reducing the cold war nuclear stockpiles. We can’t afford to ignore these challenges. NOTE: This item was not received in time for pub- lication in the appropriate issue. Our country tried turning our back on Eu- rope after World War I. The result was a global depression, the rise of fascism, and an- The President’s Radio Address other world war. After World War II, we January 15, 1994 acted more wisely. We stood firm against Good morning. Today I’m speaking to you Communist expansion. We founded NATO. from Moscow where I’m completing a series We created new institutions to help expand of meetings with President Boris Yeltsin and global trade. We helped turn Western Eu- other Russian reformers. My visit here comes rope’s warring neighbors into solid allies. The near the end of a week of European meetings result has been one of the most peaceful and designed to increase American security and prosperous times in all history. American prosperity by working to make Eu- One key to our new security is helping Eu- rope more united through shared democratic rope’s former Communist states succeed values and institutions, free trading market themselves in building democratic govern- economies, and defense cooperation. ments, market economies, and peaceful mili- Despite the challenges we face at home, taries. Our best security investment today is from health care reform to fighting crime to to support these practices of freedom in Eu- retraining our work force and creating more rope’s Eastern half in places such as Poland, jobs, we still must remain engaged in world Ukraine, and Russia. That was my top goal affairs. That’s the only way we can spur on this trip.
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In Brussels, I met with European leaders them to stay the course of economic and po- about ways to strengthen all our nations by litical reform. expanding trade and economic growth. I also In the end, the next generation is what attended a summit to adapt NATO, history’s this entire trip is about, the young people greatest military alliance, to this new era. Our in America, the young people in Europe and NATO partners approved my proposal for a throughout the rest of the world. The kind Partnership For Peace, a Partnership which of efforts we’re pursuing this week, the kind invites Europe’s Eastern nations to partici- of efforts that will increase democracy, pro- pate in military cooperation with NATO’s vide for military cooperation instead of con- forces. flict, and provide for more open markets, for In Prague I met with the leaders of the more jobs for our people and other people, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slo- these are the things which will make our vakia. These countries have been at the fore- young people’s future more promising, more front of communism’s collapse and democ- prosperous, and more secure. racy’s rebirth. As I met with such famous Thanks for listening. democratic heroes as President Lech Walesa of Poland and President Va´clav Havel of the NOTE: The address was recorded at 11:01 p.m. Czech Republic, I assured them that the se- on January 14 at the Kremlin in Moscow for broadcast at 10:06 a.m. on January 15. A tape was curity of their countries is important to our not available for verification of the content of this security, and I outlined new ways to help address. their economic reform succeed. Then I flew to Kiev in the Ukraine. I met with Ukraine’s President Kravchuk to nail Remarks to Future Leaders of down an agreement to eliminate over 1,800 Belarus in Minsk nuclear warheads that were left in Ukraine January 15, 1994 when the Soviet Union broke apart. Most of those warheads have been targeted at the Thank you very much. Sergei Gaponenko, United States, and their elimination will the president of the National Academy of make all of us safer, not only from nuclear Sciences, and to my friend Chairman accidents but from nuclear terrorism. Shushkevich, ladies and gentlemen, thank And now I’m in Moscow. The weather’s you all for coming here. I hope the trans- cold, but our work has brought us to a new lation is working well. [Laughter] Does the season of partnership, warm partnership, laughing mean yes or no? Yes, I think. with Russia’s reformers. President Yeltsin I’m delighted to be here at your National and I reached a series of agreements to ex- Academy of Sciences with many representa- pand our trade ties, protect human rights, tives of my Government and representatives and reduce the threat of nuclear accidents of yours. But most of all, I’m glad to see so of proliferation. many young people here, because it is your One of the experiences I enjoyed most future I wish to talk about today. I want to here in Moscow was speaking to an audience thank Chairman Shushkevich for inviting me of Russians, many of them young people. In and for suggesting that I meet with you. The many ways their concerns reminded me of Chairman is a leader of real courage, in re- those voiced by our own young people, espe- cording the terrible toll of Chernobyl and in cially as they spoke about their educations leading your nation’s reforms. And I’m de- and their careers, their hopes and their fears lighted to be with him here today. about the future. But their comments also I wanted to come to Belarus because I am suggested that their hopes for a new Russia, impressed with much of what you have done despite all the problems that they have today, and because I believe you can and will do a new Russia, proud and free, outweigh their even more. Your generation has been given fears. I tried to convince them that their an opportunity to build a strong and free na- peaceful transition to a more open society tion. While you face hard times today, you is important not only to them but to all the have much with which to build a better fu- rest of us in the world as well. And I urged ture. You stand at the crossroads of con-
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tinents. You have a highly educated people can make both Europe and America safer and great institutions of higher learning. You and more prosperous. have good, strong high-technology industries. This nation, which lost one in four of its Above all, you have reclaimed your freedom, citizens in the Second World War, must sure- and your destiny is now in your own hands. ly know better than any other on the face And so now you must decide what to do with of the Earth the terrible price Europeans your nation and your future. have paid for their constant divisions, not You are, I assure you, not alone in facing only in the two World Wars of the 20th cen- that question, for this is a time of profound tury but indeed throughout the entire history change all across the world. Nations every- of nations in Europe. Now, for the first time, where face the challenge of shaping their fu- we have a chance to build a Europe without ture amid all the technological, economic, divisions, where all countries respect each and political changes sweeping the globe. other’s borders, all countries observe demo- Nations everywhere must now grapple with cratic traditions of majority rule and individ- the question of how to compete in a global ual and minority rights, all countries trade economy; how to reward and support hard- freely with each other and help each other working families and their children; how to to achieve the true measure of greatness, de- make their governments more effective and veloping the capacities of their people. more responsive; how to address social prob- Today I want to speak briefly about three lems such as unemployment and inequality opportunities I see before you: the renewal and crime; how to combine cultural and spir- of your economy, the reform of your political itual traditions with the demands of modern system, and your work to define a new secu- life; how to define, indeed, a nation’s security rity for a new era. and greatness in a modern era in which First, let me say a word about economic money and information and technological transition. Of course, you inherited an eco- changes fly across the globe in a millisecond, nomic system imposed from above. And it in which we will be judged, I believe, more has left you with, frankly, a mixed legacy. On on whether we can develop the full capacities the one hand, clearly it helped to rebuild of every man and woman within each nation’s Belarus from the ruins of World War II. But border than on whether we can tell other that same centrally planned system is ill-suit- people beyond our borders what to do and ed for the fast-changing global economy. how they must live. That is clear everywhere. Everywhere in the I have not come here to tell you what I world and in every continent, the people that think the solutions should be to these ques- are doing well are people who live in econo- tions for your nation and your future. That mies where investment and a well-trained is for you alone to decide. But I do come work force make it possible for people to here as a friend and supporter of the demo- produce high-quality goods and services cratic and economic reforms you are begin- which they sell to each other and beyond ning in your nation. I’ve come to show my their borders. support for those reforms and for your deter- So now you must face the challenge of tak- mination to build a better and safer and ing what is best about your economy, your stronger future for your nation and for this highly skilled people and your advanced in- entire region. dustries, and adapting it to the rigors of this The work of reform before you today also new global competition. It is a hard transi- has a larger significance, for what you do here tion. Almost every place which has sought might encourage other nations facing the to do it has faced, as you have, among other same challenges. It can help to build a broad- things, very steep inflation, something you er Europe that is no longer divided but inte- faced in this summer’s increases in the prices grated, integrated by democratic govern- of meat and butter. Many people are strug- ments, market economies, and peaceful coex- gling to get by as a result of this inflation. istence and respect for national borders. If In a cruel way, inflation hurts the people we can accomplish this kind of integration economies should reward the most, those all across Europe, East and West, then we who simply get up and go to work every day,
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obeying the law and trying to make their con- challenges are avoided instead of being tribution. faced, and in the end, tyrants find it easier But there is cause for hope because, as to grab or to hold on to power. We know you privatize more of your economy, as more where that low road leads. It leads to eco- of it works in a market system, people will nomic stagnation and social intolerance. have reason to invest more and generate You have learned from your own hard his- more economic growth. The government’s tory that there is a better way. I applaud your plan to privatize 20 percent of state property democratic reforms. I hope you will follow this year is, I believe, a step in the right direc- through with the commitments that have tion. been made to hold new elections in March The United States wishes to support this of this year. I hope you will press ahead with kind of change. Since you became independ- plans to craft a new constitution. I hope you ent, we have provided over $150 million in will, in short, create a foundation for your food, medicine, and other forms of assist- economic renewal by protecting and promot- ance. During this trip I announced additional ing the political and human rights of your steps to assist your movement to a market people, without which, over the long run, it economy: the establishment of a business will be very difficult to have a strong econ- center here in your nation to help to coordi- omy. nate business efforts both within the country One of the most encouraging signs of your and with other businesses, not only in my economic renewal is the political ferment country but around the world; a new regional that is bubbling up from your people. You enterprise fund to help to start new busi- have new political movements such as the nesses, which will include Belarus, Ukraine, Belarusian Popular Front. I was pleased to and Moldova; and a U.S.-Belarus investment meet some of their members earlier today. treaty to encourage more private trade and You have environment groups which formed investment between our two countries. after the Chernobyl disaster. Such groups, Ultimately, your economic success will de- along with free labor unions, business asso- pend upon your own efforts. But you must ciations, and others, can help to create a cul- have good neighbors who wish to be good ture of participation, of debate, of personal partners. The United States wants to be one investment in your nation’s future. These pri- of those. And I believe there is no reason vate associations are important, just almost that Belarus should be left behind in this as important as the right to vote in the elec- march to a global economy. I urge you to tions. It requires both a participation in the press ahead with these economic reforms, to decisions of who will represent you at the do it in as sensible and as clear-headed a way state and who will be able to organize pri- as possible, to learn from the experience of vately to make life more satisfactory. And other nations, because I believe that it is the they’ll give views a wider range. key to a better future. Finally, let me say a word about your ef- You also face the challenge of political forts to build a new nation that defines its transition. Just as modern economies need strength and greatness in new ways. There the benefit of every individual’s productive is no better example than your determination capacity, modern nations need the benefit, to live as a nuclear-free state. Since I became indeed cannot do well without the benefit the President of the United States, I have of the diverse and informed views of all of been determined to work with the other nu- their people. The world does not work very clear nations, and especially with Russia, to well from the top down anymore. It requires try to help the other republics of the former the active engagement of all individuals. Soviet Union become nuclear-free. And we When voices are silenced by author- have gone a long way to finance that. Belarus itarianism, by closed political systems, or as led the way, and you deserve the credit and in the case with too many democracies today, thanks of citizens all over the world. by the apathy of citizens themselves who stay Seventy-six nuclear weapons were here home and stay out of political dialog, then when the Soviet Union dissolved. As a new wisdom is lost, debate becomes more hollow, nation, one of your first decisions was to do
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away with them. It would have been easier in a partnership that will permit us together to look backward and say, ‘‘Well, these 76 to provide for the common security. It will weapons somehow make us a great nation. permit non-NATO members to do military They make us stronger. We will keep them; planning and training and exercises with we will use them and rattle them around as NATO members as long as they promise to threats if people don’t help us or do what respect the sovereignty, the independence, we want them to do.’’ But you made a braver and the existing territorial boundaries of all and a better choice, to live nuclear-free. of the nations which participate. I hope I am sure that your tragic experience with Belarus will give careful consideration to this Chernobyl helped to shape that choice. But Partnership. It is a part of our strategy to I also imagine that many, many of you had try to have a Europe that is undivided for a clear understanding that these weapons, the first time in its history, that uses the pros- powerful and intimidating though they might pect of military cooperation genuinely to en- be, offer you little in the way of real security. sure the peace instead of simply to prepare Real security lies in the integration with your for war. neighbors, their political and economic val- You are a new nation with a long history. ues, and respect for their borders. During this century you have endured as So you freely chose to eliminate these much or more hardship as any people we weapons. You became the first of the newly have ever known. And now you face difficult independent states of the former Soviet and challenging political and economic tran- Union to ratify the START Treaty and to ac- sitions. They are so challenging that they can cede to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. That even be disorienting. And if you move to is part of why I was so pleased to welcome elections, which I hope and pray that you Chairman Shushkevich to Washington last will, you will find that when people are in July, early in my administration. I wanted to trouble, they sometimes vote their frustra- express my admiration for the courage and tions as well as their hopes. That is still true the vision that he and that all of you have in the United States, and we’ve been working demonstrated by making the choice to be nu- at it for 200 years now. clear-free. But there is no substitute for putting the We are committed to helping you to prove people of the nation in the driver’s seat. And to all the people of the world that that was we must be aware of this, no matter how the right choice, that you were building a sophisticated a people are, no matter how new and a better security. We are helping much information is available to decision- you to remove these weapons safely and se- makers. There is so much going on in this curely, with financial assistance and technical world today, economically, politically, cul- advice. You suffered through one nuclear turally. The changes are so sweeping, there tragedy. We are determined to see that you is no way that one group of people, sitting do not endure another. Today I informed the atop a society, can make decisions which suf- Chairman that the United States will make fice to guarantee the best possible life for additional funds available to Belarus for this all of the people who live in that society. purpose, which will bring the total we have Therefore, I believe that free political sys- provided over the last 2 years in ’93 and ’94 tems and free economic systems also happen to $100 million. to be good economics for the world in which As you move away from the weapons of we are living and the world which we will the old security, we want to help you to build live in the 21st century, for the foreseeable a new security by helping you to be a part future. You face possibilities that are as of a new and democratic Europe. Earlier this sweeping as your land. The new freedom you week I joined our NATO allies in creating are building has many difficulties, but it can the Partnership For Peace. The Partnership also work miracles. It can make your cities For Peace invites all of the nations of the thrive; it can help your land to blossom. Most former Soviet Union and the former Warsaw important of all, it can give the wonderful Pact and all other non-NATO nations in Eu- children that I was shaking hands with just rope, all of them together, to join with NATO a few moments ago real hope.
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As you undertake the hard work of har- tion of the U.N. Security Council Resolutions nessing this new freedom to your rich cul- 242, 338, and 425, as well as the principle ture, to your deep history, to your bold of land for peace. In this respect, I appreciate dreams, I hope you will remember that the the fact that, notwithstanding the great im- American people are with you. We wish to portance that President Clinton attaches to be your partners and your friends because the internal affairs of his country, he has at- we have faith in your courage and confidence tached a special importance as a full partner in your future. I hope that partnership will and honest intermediary to helping the par- come about, will last a long time, and will ties reach a comprehensive peace that is in bring to you the peace and prosperity that the interest not only of the peoples of the I wish for this country and for all the world. region but also the people of the world at Thank you very much. large. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:17 p.m. at the Today’s meeting between President Clin- Academy of Sciences. In his remarks, he referred ton and myself came to crown a number of to Chairman Stanislav Shushkevich of Belarus. exchanges and telephone communications between us over the last year. I hope that Exchange With Reporters Prior to our meeting today will contribute to the real- Discussions With President Hafiz al- ization of the aspirations of the peoples in Asad of Syria in Geneva, Switzerland the region, mainly that this new year will be January 16, 1994 the year of achieving the just and com- prehensive peace which puts an end to the Q. President Clinton, are you going to talk tragedies of violence and wars endured by about terrorist issues at this meeting today? them for several decades. President Clinton. We’ll have a state- During our meeting, I had the opportunity ment later when we finish. We just met. We to stress to President Clinton Syria’s firm haven’t started the meeting yet. commitment to the principles and bases of Q. Are you happy to be here, and can you the peace process and our strong conviction tell us what you expect from the meeting, that peace cannot be genuine and lasting un- sir? less it was comprehensive and based on the President Asad. I’m delighted to be meet- principles of international legitimacy and jus- ing with President Clinton and his assistants. tice. This means endeavoring to reach a just We are at the table not to think about expec- solution on all tracks. tations but to do the work. Historical evidence, both past and present, NOTE: The exchange began at 10:15 a.m. at the have proved that separate peace and partial Intercontinental Hotel. A tape was not available solutions were not conducive to the establish- for verification of the content of this exchange. ment of real peace in the region. In this re- gard, I would like to express my satisfaction The President’s News Conference that President Clinton himself has commit- With President Hafiz al-Asad of Syria ted to the objective of comprehensive peace. in Geneva On this basis, we have agreed to work to- gether for the successful efforts aimed at put- January 16, 1994 ting an end to the Arab-Israeli conflict and President Asad. At the conclusion of the at reaching a genuine and comprehensive important and constructive talks which were peace that enables the peoples of the region conducted today between President Clinton to focus on the development, progress, and and myself, I wish to express my deep satis- prosperity. faction for what these talks have effected in This meeting has also provided us with the terms of the United States determination to opportunity to exchange views over a number do all it can in order to bring the peace proc- of issues including those related to bilateral ess to its desired objective, the objective of relations between our countries. We have establishing the just and comprehensive agreed that the noble objective toward which peace in the region through the implementa- we are working requires a qualitative move
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in these relations. We have also discussed Israel and the PLO constituted an important questions related to the regional situation, as first step by establishing an agreed basis for well as all matters that might constructively resolving the Palestinian problem. I also told contribute to the achievement of security and him that I believe Syria is the key to the stability in the Middle East. achievement of an enduring and comprehen- Syria seeks a just and comprehensive sive peace that finally will put an end to the peace with Israel as a strategic choice that conflict between Israel and her Arab neigh- secures Arab rights, ends the Israeli occupa- bors. tion, and enables all peoples in the region President Asad, as you have just heard, to live in peace, security, and dignity. In shares this objective, not just an end to war honor we fought, in honor we negotiate, and but the establishment of real and com- in honor we shall make peace. We want an prehensive peace with Israel that will ensure honorable peace for our people and for the normal, peaceful relations among good hundreds of thousands who paid their lives neighbors. in defense of the countries and the rights. There is hardly a home in Syria in which Crucial decisions will have to be made by there is no martyr who had fallen in defense Syria and Israel if this common objective is of his country, nation, and of Arab pride. For to be achieved. That is why President Asad the sake of all those, for our sons, daughters, has called for a ‘‘peace of the brave.’’ And and families, we want the peace of the brave, it is why I join him now in endorsing that a genuine peace which can survive and last, appeal. Accordingly, we pledged today to a peace which secures the interests of each work together in order to bring the negotia- side and renders to all the rights. If the lead- tions that started in Madrid over 2 years ago ers of Israel have sufficient courage to re- to a prompt and successful conclusion. spond to this kind of peace, the new era of Critical issues remain to be resolved, espe- security and stability in which normal peace- cially the questions relating to withdrawal to ful relations among all shall dawn anew. peace and security—excuse me—the ques- President Clinton. I believe you could tion of relating withdrawal to peace and secu- tell from that statement that I have just com- rity. But as a result of our conversation today, pleted a constructive and encouraging meet- I am confident that we laid the foundations ing with President Asad. for real progress in the negotiations between From the first days of my administration, heads of delegation that will begin again next the achievement of a comprehensive peace week in Washington. between Israel and its Arab neighbors, based President Asad and I also discussed the on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 state of relations between the United States and the principle of territory for peace, has and Syria and agreed on the desirability of been one of my highest foreign policy objec- improving them. This requires honestly ad- tives. dressing the problems in our relationship. In pursuit of that priority, I have always Accordingly, we’ve instructed the Secretary viewed Syria’s involvement as critical. That of State and the Syrian Foreign Minister to is why, from the outset of our administration, I have engaged President Asad in a regular establish a mechanism to address these issues correspondence by telephone and letter, and in detail and openly. why I’m now pleased to have had this oppor- For too long, the Middle East has been tunity to hear personally President Asad’s denied the benefits of peace. And yet, it is views about how best to make this a year within our power to create the conditions of breakthroughs on all fronts. that will enable Israeli and Arab, Moslem, During our meeting, I told President Asad Christian, and Jew to live together in peace. that I was personally committed to the objec- Today’s meeting was an important step to- tive of a comprehensive and secure peace ward fulfilling that vision. We have a lot of that would produce genuine reconciliation work to do, but we are closer to our goal. among the peoples of the Middle East. I told Thank you. him of my view that the agreement between
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Middle East Peace Process fourth President that you’re now meeting. Q. Mr. President, do you feel that you Do you think you can afford to wait for a have a firm commitment from President fifth one, or have you decided to sign peace Asad to normalize relations with Israel? And now? by that I mean open borders, free trade, and President Clinton. I’m glad you got that diplomatic relations. question. President Clinton. The short answer is Could you repeat the question in Arabic, yes. I believe that President Asad has made please? a clear, forthright, and very important state- Q. No, I cannot repeat the question in— ment on normal, peaceful relations. [laughter]—in English. Mr. Asad, President Now, in order to achieve those relations, Clinton is the fourth American President a peace agreement has to be negotiated in you’re meeting now. Do you think you can good faith and carried out. But this is an im- afford to wait for a fifth one, or have you portant statement, the first time that there decided to sign peace now? has been a clear expression that there will President Asad. Yes, we are ready to sign be a possibility of that sort of relationship. peace now. Q. Mr. President, it has proven that sepa- Q. President Clinton, beyond the broad rate agreements were unsuccessful, and the assurances that you and President Asad have proof is the Lebanese accords and the Jeri- spoken of here about the willingness to seek cho accords. Don’t you think that we need peace and to negotiate it, do you have, sir, a very clear commitment on a comprehensive as a result of these meetings, any of the kinds peace? Then regarding the implementation of specific, detailed concessions or a sense of U.N. resolutions, regarding Iraq, U.N. res- of willingness to make concessions that might olutions were implemented. But as far as make a successful negotiation possible? And Lebanon and Resolution 425, until now the if so, can you tell us in what areas they are? Security Council Resolution was not imple- President Clinton. Well, as you know, I mented despite the American approval. So have a very strong conviction that the specif- how can this situation be improved? How can ics of this agreement will have to be nego- we get the commitment to implement these tiated by the parties themselves. And even resolutions? though I have in my mind several things, I Thank you, sir. think that it is very important that those of President Clinton. First of all, as to the us who are trying to facilitate these discus- specifics of implementation, that will be part sions not discuss the details of them. The par- of the process of negotiation. But let me an- ties are going to have to work that out. swer the first and more important question, Let me say that an indication has been I think. given here by the very important statement I think all the parties in this process recog- that President Asad has already made, stating nize that it cannot succeed unless all the clearly that it is time to end the conflict with tracks are brought to a successful conclusion. Israel, make peace with Israel, that the peace That is, I think even—President Asad was should lead to normal and peaceful relations. very eloquent in our meeting today about the I would hope that this would provoke a posi- question of Lebanon, and Jordan for that tive response in Israel and that then the par- matter, in saying that even Syria, if it were ties would get together and work these de- fully satisfied with its differences with Israel, tails out. That is not for the United States that they could be worked out, that there still to dictate. would have to be a comprehensive peace in Q. Mr. Clinton, despite the peace negotia- which the issues affecting Lebanon, issues af- tions, ever since the Madrid Conference, fecting Jordan, and the issues relating to the Israel continues with its policy of settlements PLO would, in addition to the Syrian issues, in the occupied Arab countries. Although would all be resolved. We are all committed Syria has signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty to that. and has been asking for years for the Q. This is a question for President Asad. denuclearization of the Middle East as a re- Mr. President, President Clinton is the gion, Israel refuses, in fact, to sign and ratify
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this Non-Proliferation Treaty and is still ac- order to achieve this peace process in the cumulating and amassing weapons. Don’t interest of the world. Yet, the U.S.A. is still you think, sir, that such practices go counter treating Syria in a different manner, different to the concept of peace for which you are from the manner in which it treats Israel, striving? Thank you. especially in terms of financial and military President Clinton. First, sir, I believe the aid. How would you explain this, sir? question of settlements in disputed areas is President Clinton. Well, as we have made one of the things that clearly will have to clear, we have had differences over the years be resolved in connection with this peace with Syria over a number of issues, including process, consistent with United Nations reso- our differences over questions relating to lutions and the concept of territory for peace. certain groups, the PKK, the Hezbollah, the I said that in my opening statement. I expect Jibril group, and others—other issues. We that to be worked through. talked about these differences for about an Secondly, on the question of weapons, I hour today without any view toward trying believe the best chance we have to stop the to resolve them. spread of weapons of mass destruction, that We agreed on two things, and I think this include not only nuclear but also biological is very important. One is that if we can main- and chemical weapons, and indeed, to slow tain one another’s confidence working to- the sophisticated conventional arms race in ward a peaceful solution in the Middle East, the Middle East, is to finish this peace proc- that that will do a great deal for our bilateral ess successfully. I think that is, as a practical relations and for a better future. And the sec- matter, the only way to do it, and the United ond is that we needed to have a process that States will work as hard as we can toward had integrity, established by the Secretary of that objective. State and the Syrian Foreign Minister, that Q. President Asad, are you clearly stating would go beyond public exchanges to a very unequivocally today that in exchange for a specific delineation of the differences be- full Israeli withdrawal from the Golan tween us and an honest effort to resolve them Heights, Syria would be prepared to establish or to make progress on them. normal diplomatic relations with Israel, in- So, sir, I think the best answer to your cluding open borders, including tourism, the question is that we think that the progress same kind of peace treaty that Israel estab- perhaps can be made. We’ve set up a mecha- lished with Egypt? nism to deal honestly with the differences President Asad. As we all know, especially between us, and we believe maintaining each the United States of America and President other’s confidence by good faith and effort Clinton, we are endeavoring for a com- in the Middle East peace process is the most prehensive peace in order for it to be lasting, important thing we can do at this moment in order for it to be just. In this context, we in our history. are striving for the achievement of true peace Press Secretary Myers. We’ll take one which guarantees the rights of all, a stable more. life for all. Here lies the interests of the peo- ples in the region and the peoples of the world. Lebanese Peace Process Myself and President Clinton completely Q. Mr. President, the subject is so close agreed on these issues, the requirements for to your heart, but you evaded answering peace. We will respond to these require- whether you felt that Israel should sign the ments. And you know, of course, this will Non-Proliferation Treaty. But my real ques- hinge on the discussions and the peace nego- tion is, did you discuss and set a timetable tiations and not to be solved in a press con- for Israeli and Syrian troops to come out of ference. Lebanon? President Clinton. We did not have any Syria-U.S. Relationship discussions today about the details of any Q. The U.S.A. is a partner and an honest phase of the Middle East peace process be- intermediary. Syria responded favorably in cause the other parties are not here present,
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and it would not have been an appropriate leaders, if they really want peace, are going thing to do. to have to take. Q. [Inaudible]—— And so I guess I would have to say that President Clinton. Excuse me. I got one that is the most important thing to me, the of those helpful little hints from one of my thing that was most impressive. I believe that staff members down here. I apologize to in- he is committed to trying to work through terrupt you. I want to be perfectly forthright, this as quickly as possible. And I think others because I don’t want to leave a false impres- will see that commitment and will respond sion that might be adversely interpreted in an appropriate way. against President Asad. We did discuss the importance of having U.S. Role in Middle East Peace the Lebanese peace process go on parallel Q. President Clinton, peace is an inter- to the Israeli-Syrian process. I reaffirmed my national issue. The U.S. administration is support for the Taif Accords, and President striving seriously to achieve peace. It is an Asad agreed that there should be a successful international need; it’s a need for the U.S.A. conclusion of the peace process which left and Syria and Israel. One wonders why the Lebanon free and independent as a nation. peace process tumbles every now and then. So there was no difference between us on And how will the U.S. administration, as the the objective. And I didn’t want anything I major sponsor of the peace process, tackle said to be read unfairly against him on that obstacles bound to face us in the future? score. We actually, I think, reached complete Thank you. meeting of the minds. President Clinton. First of all, I think it tumbles every now and then because it’s dif- Syrian Role in Middle East Peace ficult to do. If it were easy to do it would Q. In my view, on the 15th of September have been done before. The parties have at the White House, you called for a bigger been at odds for a long time. There is a lot Syrian role in the peace process and on His of mistrust to overcome. There are a lot of Excellency President Asad to play a personal details to be worked out. And whenever role in forging ahead a breakthrough in the there is any ambiguity at all or uncertainty, peace process. Now that you’ve met Presi- then that is likely to lead to other problems dent Asad face-to-face for the first time, what down the road. So there are lots of reasons is your impression of President Asad, and why it happens. how do you view his personal role in achiev- What the United States is trying to do is ing that breakthrough? to take advantage of what I think is an appro- President Clinton. Well, first of all, I had priate moment in history when you have heard a lot about President Asad’s legendary leaders committed to getting this done, lead- stamina in these meetings. [Laughter] And ers who understand that the interests of their when we called a break 4 hours and 20 min- people will be served over the long run by utes into our meeting, I can tell you that his comprehensive peace. And so what we can reputation does not exceed the reality; he de- do, I think, is to try to keep the process going, serves every bit of it. keep the trust level up among the parties, Secondly, we had the opportunity—be- try to be an honest broker, and work through cause we did talk for so long, we had the the problems. And when these difficulties do opportunity to exchange not only our views arise, as they have, as you implied, in the about the issues in play at present, but also aftermath of the PLO-Israel accord, to try I had the opportunity to learn President to help work through them as quickly as pos- Asad’s perspective over a period exceeding sible and get things back on track. 20 years now on some of these issues. And Thank you very much. it reinforced my belief as expressed in Sep- tember that there would be no comprehen- NOTE: The President’s 45th news conference sive peace in the Middle East unless he were began at 4:15 p.m. at the Intercontinental Hotel. willing to take a leadership role and that he President Asad spoke in Arabic and his remarks has decided to take the risks that all these were translated by an interpreter. A tape was not
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available for verification of the content of this said they wanted to think about whether news conference. there was some way they could support it even if they didn’t join, given their historic Interview With Reporters on Air neutrality. I feel very good about it. Force One The second important thing, of course, was the nuclear breakthrough, the agreement January 16, 1994 with Ukraine following the agreement that The President. Are you all exhausted? had been reached earlier in the year with Q. Yes. Belarus and Kazakhstan, not having our nu- Q. Aren’t you? clear weapons targeted at anybody, not hav- ing their nuclear weapons targeted at us. It’s The President’s Trip a really important next step. And we also had The President. Yes, I really just wanted some important discussions with the Rus- to say that I think we had a good trip, and sians about going in and making sure that I’m sorry I put you through so much. You START I is completely ratified and imple- must be tired. I know I am. But I think it mented and that START II is ratified and was really a good trip. And I appreciate how implemented and that we keep thinking much work was done on it. about what further steps there ought to be. I thought we might just talk for a few min- So this was a very good meeting in the trip utes about it, kind of in a wrap-up fashion. in that respect. But before we do, I wanted to say that after And then the third aspect of the trip was I got back on the plane, I called Prime Min- the whole movement toward not only uniting ister Rabin and President Mubarak to report Europe economically and politically but kind on my meeting with Asad. And I attempted of getting growth back into the system. I met to call but was unsuccessful in reaching King with the leaders of the European Union. We Fahd. I’m going to talk to him probably to- talked about how to implement the GATT morrow morning, just to tell them what had agreement, how to follow up on it, how im- gone on in the meeting and what the state- portant it was to get the growth rates up in ment was and get their sense of what was Europe again, how important it was to open going to happen. Rabin had watched it live. new markets to Eastern Europe and states Q. What? of the former Soviet Union. And then, of The President. Rabin had watched it live. course, I talked about economics in Prague And I couldn’t tell whether Mubarak did or and then spent a lot of time dealing with it not. I think he did, but we had kind of a in Russia. And I must say, even though staticy connection, so I couldn’t be sure. But they’ve had a really tough time, I think everybody seemed to be pretty positive about they’re on the verge of having some good it. things happen economically. Anyway, looking back over the trip, I can For all the criticism of the pace of reform say without any hesitation that it certainly in Russia, one of the little known facts about met all of our objectives when we went on it is that in terms of privatizing companies, the trip. Everything that we hoped would Russia’s actually running ahead of the pace happen did. And I think there were basically of the other former Communist economies. three big elements to it. There’s some other problems they have to The first was the prospect of really uniting deal with, their inflation problems and just Europe for the first time since nations have having a legal framework that will attract been on the landscape there. I’m very en- more investment, but I feel quite good about couraged by the initial reaction to the Part- that. Just from my experience in Moscow, nership For Peace. All the Central and East- I really think that while there are, as you ern European countries and the Visegrad na- would imagine, uncertainties among the peo- tions have said they want to join. Russia, ple there because of all the hardships and Ukraine expressed an interest. We’ve now the difficulty of sort of visualizing the future, heard some interest from Romania. So I’m I think there’s a lot of emotion to the idea feeling quite good about that. Even the Swiss that the people ought to rule the country.
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I didn’t get much sense in anybody that they identify these things that trouble the United wanted a more authoritarian government. I States so much and to give them a chance think they like the fact that the voters are to specifically identify things about our policy in the driver’s seat, even though they’re still toward them or the Middle East in general trying to come to grips with exactly what that that trouble them and to try to set in motion means and how to translate it into policies. a process for working through it, because So I would say on grounds of building a every report I’ve gotten over the years, en- united Europe in terms of security, where counters—and you know, I’ve spent to lot all the neighbors agree to respect one an- of time talking to Westerners because of the other’s borders, moving to continually reduce Middle East issue. Things always stop, in my the nuclear threat to the world, and support- judgment, at a level that is too general, where ing economic and political reform in Europe people are charging and countercharging and and the former Communist countries, this there’s no real effort to lay the kind of factual was a very, very successful trip. basis that has to be laid—you’re going to real- And that’s before we did the Middle East ly argue that people should change their poli- thing today. I went to this meeting hoping cies. So I feel pretty good about it. that we could get a signal from President Asad that was clear and unmistakable that Pan Am 103 Bombing he was ready to make a complete peace. Q. Were you satisfied, sir, that there was Today—the first time he had ever explicitly no Syrian involvement or complicity in the said he wanted an end to the hostilities with Pan Am 103 bombing? Israel, willing to make peace with Israel as The President. I can tell you this: First opposed to saying something like ‘‘peace in I raised that, and he raised it again. I can the Middle East,’’ and that peace to him tell you that we have absolutely no evidence meant normal peaceful relations, which is a of it, and that he flatly denied it. And he general term that encompasses trade, tour- reminded us and me that a Syrian was killed ism and travel, and embassies. So that was on Pan Am 103 who was the only son of a very significant. That sends a very clear signal woman from his home area. And he said it now back to the Israelis. was a—he characterized it as a cruel and He also said that he didn’t want just Syria senseless thing—had no point killing all those alone to be resolved, he wanted to see the students. And he said, ‘‘This is an issue I will Jordanian peace completed, and he wanted never close or never consider closed. If you to see the Lebanese peace completed. And ever have any evidence that any Syrian is in- he said something that everybody wanted to volved, you just let me know, and we will hear in the Middle East, which is that he take the appropriate action.’’ wanted Lebanon to be an independent coun- try with a peace with Israel. So I was quite Russia pleased with that. Q. Back on Russia. What were you told So from now on, the question of the dif- about that Mr. Gaydar was going to resign? ferences between Syria and the United Who told you that, and how serious do you States, which we spent about an hour on think it is? today, spent a significant portion of our meet- The President. All the days kind of run ing on it, because I thought it was important together. Yeltsin told me that; here’s how he that neither one of us be under any illusions characterized it. I wasn’t quite sure exactly about the differences that are still there and how to—he told me that he thought there because I think it’s important in this peace was a strong possibility that Gaydar would negotiation that we both have absolute credi- decide that he needed to devote all of his bility with each other. So we thought we had time to leading the party that he took into to spend some time on it. the Duma and building his political strength We agreed to try to get beyond sort of both in the Parliament and out of the country a general and accusatory level by letting the and that he was concerned about building Secretary of State and the Foreign Minister it up politically and making it effective in the of Syria develop a process to specifically Duma.
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He said—the reason, you see, you say I found it to be a satisfactory conversation. when—I’m trying to remember. I think it You know he’s in some—the political situa- was sometime during the first day as opposed tion over there is not free of difficulty. I to the second day’s conversations that he said mean, you just only have to look at the make- it. But I’m sorry I can’t remember when. up of the lower House of the Parliament to Q. What are your impressions of Asad? draw that conclusion. But I think he’ll try The President. Let me answer the ques- to hang in there, mostly because if you look tion. He also went out of his way to tell me, at the go-slower approach and you look at though, he said, ‘‘We are not going to reverse Ukraine and you see they’re in worse shape our reform course, and we don’t want to slow than Russia. it down, but we do want to cushion the im- And one of the things—and let me just pact of it better. We want to have a better say that this is something I didn’t even talk sense of how it affects people.’’ And he said, about on the trip—but one of the things I ‘‘We also want to try to demonstrate the suc- want to spend a lot more time doing when cesses more clearly. We want to be able to I get back and have our people try to be show people that this has been done.’’ And helpful on is trying to dissect what we mean in that connection—and you know what he by reform, because there are at least three asked? He was very pleased with a lot of the big elements to it. There’s the privatization initiatives that I told him we worked on, like of government-owned companies, which we were working to get the G–7 to make Russia is doing very, very well, better than anybody else. There’s the management of fis- sure that the countries that buy oil from Rus- cal and monetary policy, which means you’ve sia, for example, and buy energy from Russia got to keep inflation down at a reasonable could pay for it in a timely fashion, so they level to get private investment, which means can use that money to help them build their you can’t just keep on printing money to pay country. That’s a big deal to them. He was for subsidies in a dying industry. They’re hav- interested in getting his next IMF money in ing trouble with that, although they’re doing a timely fashion. He was interested in making better than they were last year. Then the sure that the accumulated debt, ones he’s third area is making sure you’ve got the infra- making payments on, can be rescheduled. In structure, if I could use that much-maligned other words, he didn’t want to slow down word, that will attract investment from out- reform. He wanted to make it work better, side the country and will permit the markets and he wanted to make sure that they had to work. That means you’ve got to have a some strategies for cushioning the impact on system of laws relating to private property, ordinary people. He also said that he would contracts, bankruptcy, clear, unambiguous keep a team that was reform oriented, that taxation laws, that sort of stuff. it would be a good, competent team. If you look at Czechoslovakia, which is the Gaydar left the government once before, most—I mean, the Czech Republic, which and the reforms didn’t stop. So the only thing is the most successful of the former Com- I encouraged him to do was, I said, ‘‘You’ve munist countries, they’re behind Russia on proved your commitment to democracy. privatization but ahead on the infrastructure. You’ve stayed with this reform. You’ve still So the one thing that I think we need to got some tough decisions to make.’’ I told focus on is now that they’ve got a constitu- him, I said, ‘‘I contacted the G–7 before I tional democracy, and all of them, even the came up here. We want to help cushion the ones who want to slow down reform, want impact of reform, and we want to help make more investment—this is interesting—they sure the people of Russia know what you’re all want more investment. Even the ones that doing to help the economy. And if you’re think, ‘‘Well, reform has gone too fast,’’ they going to keep on the reform path, it’ll be might be for the first time in a real position easier for us to do that, because then we’ll now to write some of the laws in such a way be able to make sure that the IMF and the that will attract a lot more investment. World Bank support you as well as these indi- For example, if you want to make an en- vidual countries.’’ ergy investment in Russia, you may not care
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what the rate of privatization of small compa- Russia. You didn’t have to choose. You saw nies is, but you do want to know if you put the pride of Russia and the change in a per- the money in there and who you’re investing son. And by his actions he did that. with, is your investment good, what do you And what I suggested to him was that his do in case of breach of contract, what are group, they needed to find spokespersons, your tax obligations if you make money? Just and they needed to find ways of saying what clear, simple, straightforward stuff that we they were about that also says we’re take for granted that I think they now have proworker, we’re profamily, we’re anticrime, to do a little more work on. and we’re for bringing the pride of this nation Q. How concerned was Yeltsin about the back. And our plan will make the—[inaudi- rise of ultranationalist sentiment? And did ble]—because I think to be fair to them, their you give him any counsel on how to alleviate task has been so daunting, that they would those feelings of humiliation? naturally become absorbed in the over- The President. Well, let me see how I whelming burdens of just doing the details should answer that. I don’t want to talk in of it. These other guys were never in govern- great detail about our conversation, because ment, you know. They had the freedom of I think he should be able to answer that. I just going out and making speeches. And the don’t want to read his mind for you. I think only thing I cautioned to Yeltsin, I said, that he believes that the more the voters ‘‘Look, I saw the Democrats in America get know about some of the positions taken by killed for years because they go out there the ultranationalists, including Zhirinovsky, and they talk about problem x, y, and z and the more likely they will be to pull away from have a four-point program for every one. And them. And he believes that the promises they might be right, but if it didn’t resonate which were made by the ultranationalists with a larger concern for the voters, it could could not reasonably be expected to be kept. never be translated into a national mandate.’’ So I think that his view is that what he needs And I think we had a great conversation to do is try to do the best he can with his about it, and I think he was interested in job, turn things around, show some suc- it, because he understands that that’s how cesses, and that that’s the best way to he got to be President in the first place, dampen them down. change and pride. One thing I did say to him was that just Q. You don’t think he’s emotional enough? following the campaign from afar, as we all The President. I think he’s deeply emo- did, that the ultranationalists seemed in some tional enough. But in the last election, keep ways—in some ways the Communists did, in mind, he put all of his prestige and effort too—to lay too much of an uncontested claim into passing the Constitution. And he pre- to the feelings of national pride. That is, that vailed. So a lot of people voted for Boris the reformers, we all know, didn’t run in a Yeltsin and his constitution and also voted coherent bloc and didn’t present a coherent for the Communist candidate, the agrarian message. And as the Democrats know in the candidate, Zhirinovsky and his crowd. That’s United States—I kicked him on purpose be- the point I’m trying to make. And he needs cause he’s talked about this—it’s sort of like to win the overlap. He can’t let them win the problems that the Democrats had for the the overlap if he’s going to govern the coun- last 20 years winning the Presidency. You try and move it forward. could say, here’s a problem and here’s my four-point solution to the problem, but if all President Hafiz al-Asad of Syria you get is a good government vote, that’s Q. How about Asad, what are your impres- never going to be a majority, especially when sions? people are hurting. The President. Smart. Very tough. So the only counsel I gave him was that Q. What is that? Yeltsin cut through all the traditional barriers The President. He’s very smart and very when he stood up on that tank, or even ear- tough and has a very clear view of what he lier when he became Gorbachev’s successor, thinks has happened in the Middle East in he embodied the change and the pride of the last 25 years and what he thinks ought
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to happen. On the other hand, I think that tember 13th. Maybe in some ways a bigger he has reached a conclusion that it is in the one because we all knew on September 13th interest of his people, his administration, and that in the end the only way to hold this thing his legacy to make a meaningful and lasting together was to get the rest of it done. peace. I believe that. Q. Did you bring up the issue of the Syrian Q.[Inaudible]—talk about moving his control of Hezbollah and other terrorist troops out of Lebanon at all? groups that are operating through Syrian- The President. Well, he said, first of all, controlled Lebanon in attacks upon Israel? that he thought that—he agreed with me that The President. I brought up Hezbollah, there ought to be a peace in Lebanon— the Jibril group, and the PKK specifically, agreeing—agreement that operated was de- as I said in my press conference that I did. veloped in parallel with the Syrian track and I did. And he gave his view that he stated that the end of it ought to be a fully inde- many times. He stated his position; I restated pendent Lebanon, an accord consistent with mine. I said, look, we’re not going to resolve the Taif Accords, which—therefore, the inev- this today, but that we can’t have normal rela- itable answer is yes. tions between the two of us as opposed to Q. Did he ask you, if there was peace be- what’s going on in the Middle East until they tween Israel and Syria, we would commit— are resolved. And so I suggested that we give [inaudible]—equipment to commit U.S. the Secretary of State and the Syrian Foreign troops in the Golan Heights in order to keep Minister the opportunity to develop a mecha- the peace? nism to try to honestly and openly deal with The President. He did not ask it just like these issues and let us bring our concerns that. He said that there needed to be mutual and real specificity to them, let them respond security guarantees, that Israel’s security was and see if we can work through it. not all that was at stake, that Damascus was closer to the Golan than Tel Aviv or Jerusa- lem, and that artillery would go up the hill Highlights From the Trip quite nicely. That’s what he said. He said, Q. What was the real highlight of your ‘‘We’re not talking about rifles here.’’ He trip? What will be the thing that you truly said, ‘‘Rifles—all the advantage goes to the remember, sentimentally, emotionally, spir- people on top of the Golan. When you’re itually? talking about artillery, it’s a mixed bag.’’ He The President. Well, the sentimental did not breach that. What he said was that highlight was walking across the bridge in both sides would need security assurances. Prague for the first time in 24 years with Q. We would be willing to commit our Havel with this enormous sense of pride I troops if there was a serious peace agree- had at the freedom that he had brought to ment? the country and what I remembered from The President. What I said to him, and all the young people when I was there in what our country has said repeatedly for Czechoslovakia 24 years ago, how deeply years now, is that, obviously, if both sides anti-Communist they were 24 years ago, how made an agreement and both sides wanted desperately they wanted to be free. And just this, we would have to give it serious consid- walking across the bridge with me, this guy eration. That’s something I would have to who had gone to prison for his beliefs and talk to the Congress about, do other things. who so completely represented the best of But I couldn’t make any kind of commit- his culture, you know, was the President of ment, particularly in the absence of an ex- the country. And then we walked across the pressed decision by Israel and Syria, but we bridge, and then had dinner in that little pub would certainly give it consideration. with the couple that I stayed with 24 years Q. You certainly think you pushed the mo- ago. That was the sentimental highlight. The mentum on this. emotional highlight was going into that ca- The President. Oh, yes, I think it’s for- thedral that has just been resanctified—that ward now. We’ve pushed it forward. It’s Stalin tore down and turned into a public clearly the biggest step forward since Sep- restroom—and being invited by the priest to
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light a candle for my mother. Those are just we had before the cold war but a future with- personal things, you know. out division and that if we could do it in a Q. Any disappointments? way that would permit us if circumstances The President. No. I still think we’ve got turned against that dream to still do the re- to—I wouldn’t call it a disappointment be- sponsible thing by those that clearly were cause to be disappointed it has to fall short part of the West that wanted to be part of of your expectations—but I think we’ve got it, then we ought to do it. some work to do within NATO in defining Tony would have to answer the other ques- this whole area of—you know, out-of-area tion in terms of the label and all that, but missions. Is NATO going to have a military it was an American idea. We started by con- mission beyond protecting the security of its sulting all the allies; we realized that there members and the Partnership For Peace? were a whole range of reasons for reserva- I’m more convinced than I was when I tions for immediately expanding member- went there that the Partnership For Peace ship. And then there were some who had is the right idea at this time and that we’re some question about whether NATO had any giving Europe a chance to have a different role at all. And we talked through what our history than it’s past, and it’s enormously sig- objectives were independent of NATO: What nificant. But we don’t have—the NATO— would you like to have happen in Europe NATO was never organized or set up for out- in 10 years? What is it we’re trying to get of-area missions. They’ve done a terrific job done? And then all of our folks went back with the airlift. I talked to some of our per- together and came back with that idea. I have sonnel today in Switzerland who were work- no idea who thought of it, who labeled it or ing with the airlift. They’ve done a great job who—I got it through the NSC and State with the mechanics of the embargo. It was and Defense. We all talked it through before never conceived that NATO would use force I got there, because it was essentially a mili- in any way, even in a very limited way, out- tary training and planning concept. And I’m side guaranteeing the security of its mem- sure somebody knows the answer to your bers. And I just think that not only in terms question, but I don’t. of Bosnia, but just generally, that whole thing Q. I’m sure that it was a synthesis. has to really be thought through. The President. Yes. I think it’s something they just sort of came to. Our process Partnership For Peace worked. Q. Just a last question. Did you expect it to take off, the whole question of partnership NOTE: The interview began at 2:58 p.m. e.s.t. In like it did? And, two, who thought of the idea his remarks, the President referred to Yegor first? Was this an NSC—got to go there with Gaydar, former First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia; Vladimir Zhirinovsky, leader of the Liberal something positive? Democratic Party in Russia; and National Security The President. The answer—the first Adviser Anthony Lake. question is, I didn’t know what to expect. But it’s taken off; it’s exceeded my expectations. I mean, I just knew how passionately I felt Remarks on Empowerment Zones that it was the right approach. And I knew and Enterprise Communities that I had to work through in my own mind, January 17, 1994 sort of. It was one of those things that the more I thought about it, the stronger I felt I want to thank Arland for reminding us about it. It’s not something, as you all know, all that we can make a difference in people’s that just knocks you off your feet once you lives and that there are a lot of good people hear about it. We all know that, but the more out there who are dying to make more of I thought about it, the stronger I felt about their lives if given the opportunity. It’s so it. And I think what’s happened was there easy for us here to come here and talk in began to be a consensus in Europe that this Government language about Government was what made sense, that we had to try for programs that never seem to reach to the a better future, not just a better division than human level and to the reality of what is actu-
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ally at stake among the young people of this County in their thoughts and prayers today. country. And he did that better than I think It’s going to be a very difficult few weeks that I will be able to in following up. But for them as they try to come through the for all of you who are here to talk about this immediate dangers. And there are still some today, if there was ever an argument for why immediate dangers there and in the after- we needed to find ways to give people and math. communities the capacity to develop them- On this Martin Luther King Day, we honor selves, I think Arland Smith made a better our Nation’s challenging and most eloquent argument than any of the rest of us ever voice for human rights and human potential, could. I thought when he said, ‘‘I couldn’t a person who gave his life to guarantee better believe I was here in Washington; I used to opportunities for people like Arland Smith. be a knucklehead,’’ I thought he was going When Martin Luther King died in April of to say there were a lot of knuckleheads here, 1968, I was living here as a senior at George- but he was delicate enough not to say that. town, and I remember so clearly putting a [Laughter] big red cross on my car and driving it down First, let me if I might, comment on the into the burning areas of town to deliver sup- earthquake that struck Los Angeles and the plies to people who had lost a lot of hope. San Fernando Valley very early this morning. It was a very troubling time for our country I have spoken with Governor Wilson and and, indeed, for the whole world. with Mayor Riordan by phone. I’ve assured And not long after that I had a chance to them that we intend to do everything we pos- go to Eastern Europe and to Russia for the sibly can to help the people of Los Angeles first time in my life, right after the hope of and southern California deal with the earth- freedom had been extinguished in Czecho- quake and its aftermath. slovakia. Well, I just got back from that trip, I’ve also spoken with James Lee Witt, the as you know. And while the problems those Director of the Federal Emergency Manage- people are facing are far from over and while ment Agency. He is probably, as we meet their future is far from free of difficulty, if here, on his way to California. Secretary you could have been with me walking the Cisneros, I know, is going out later today. streets of Prague, you would have seen the We may have other representatives of the great cause for hope, a people who for dec- Government there. We have done everything ades were shackled to a Communist system we can both to provide the resources and with their personal freedoms and their per- the backup we need. I believe that later today sonal ambitions held in check now really it will be possible for us to issue the appro- looking forward to a very different and priate Federal declaration for California. broader and brighter future; to see a man We’re going to go out there anyway, and our like Va´clav Havel, a former prisoner under people will be doing the necessary work to the Communist system, living his life the way try to do that. FEMA has had a lot of chal- Dr. King challenged the rest of us to live, lenges this year, what with the 500-year flood rewarded by his people with the Presidency in the Middle West and the fires in southern of his country. I say that because if you think California. But the good news is, I think about where we are now compared to where they’re well organized and ready to deal with we were when Martin Luther King died this, and I have been very impressed with there is a great deal to hope for around the the work that’s already been done since the world and here at home. early morning hours in southern California. But I couldn’t help thinking as I was going We do know that at least three people have across the world trying to help other nations lost their lives, that many people have lost deal with their problems, that I was coming their homes, that there’s been a severe dis- home to Martin Luther King Day, and the ruption of life there. There are at least three honest hard assessment that a lot of things major freeways that are seriously damaged, that were obsessing and burdening this coun- and if you’ve been watching it on television try 25 years ago when Martin Luther King you know that. So I ask the American people died are just as bad today as they were then. to remember the people of Los Angeles A lot of things are
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better. A lot of things are better. There is when a void is created into which gangs and more individual opportunity for people who guns and drugs move, we realized, I think, are educated and who developed it. There as a people here in Washington last year, that is less overt prejudice. But there is more vio- we had to do something to try to change the lence, less opportunity, and more destruction rules of the game, community by community, of family and community for the places that neighborhood by neighborhood. are really hard hit than there even was 25 We also know that we can’t do it without years ago. And I think the only way we can help from the business community. So I say honor Martin Luther King’s memory is to be to you here on this Martin Luther King Day, honest about that and to ask ourselves what America needs your help. The real reason we can do to rebuild the communities and Arland Smith’s got a good story is that after families of this country and to give more he paid the price to go through the edu- young people like Arland Smith a chance to cational system and to change his own habits be what he is becoming. and the way he presented himself and his For a long time, the Government really own aspirations for his own life, the only real thought that if we just had a solution de- reason he’s got a story to tell is that he also signed here in Washington that was properly has two jobs. And if there were no job at funded, we could solve the problems of every the end of the rainbow, then this man would community in the country. Well, we learned be standing up here giving a very different that that wasn’t true. But we’ve also learned, speech: ‘‘Why did you all hold out false after several years of neglect, that neglect is hopes? Why did you tell me to be a good not a very good policy either, that somehow student, to be a good citizen, to be a good there needs to be a new partnership between father, to do all these things, and then there Washington and the communities and the in- was nothing at the end of the effort for me?’’ dividuals of this country and that there needs Our most urgent task is to restore to young to be a way of doing business in which we people like Arland all across this country the try to create the conditions in which people conviction that if they do work hard, they can seize opportunities for themselves. That’s will be rewarded, the absolute, unshakable what this empowerment zone concept is all belief that they can make their future better. about and these enterprise communities are And we cannot do that without a community- all about. The business leaders who are here based effort and without a partnership with today are here because we know that we can- employers all across this country. not succeed in Government unless you are In Martin Luther King’s last book, ‘‘Where our partners. And we have stopped trying to Do We Go From Here,’’ he said that com- tell everybody exactly how to do what needs munity-based businesses, no matter how to be done, but instead we have begun to small, are vital because they are a strength create the conditions in which people can do among the weak though they are weak among what needs to be done at every level. the mighty. If we want people to live by the I want to thank all the members of our work ethic, we’ve got to give them work. It’s administration who are here who worked so as simple as that. We have advanced, from hard on this project. I want to say a special the beginning of this administration, a new word of thanks to the Members of Congress approach, coordinated in partnership here in who are here without whom we could not Washington between the private and public have passed the whole empowerment zone sector and also coordinated at the grassroots concept. I tell you freely that it was not with- level, to focus on a community investment out controversy in the Congress. There were strategy which would empower people to de- a lot of people who said, ‘‘Well, we’re trying termine their own future. That’s what the to bring down the deficit, and we just empowerment zones and enterprise commu- shouldn’t do this. This might not work.’’ nities are all about, and that’s what our efforts But when we looked at the history of what to strengthen the community investment act had happened to—[ inaudible]—community, and to develop community development when we see what happens when work dis- banks are all about. And that’s what our effort appears, when families are under stress, to pass a crime bill that would put another
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100,000 police officers on the streets in grass- ucts and services, because we have not in- roots communities are all about. vested in them and their potential and cre- All these things are not about imposing ated the conditions in which they can suc- Federal formulas on communities; they’re ceed. So that is what this is all about. about giving communities the right to define Nobody in our strategy gets something for a future for themselves and the resources to nothing. The rules for businesses that partici- succeed. That’s what the strengthening of the pate are the same as for the rules of commu- Head Start is all about. That’s why on April nities. It tells everybody if you assume certain 15th, 15 million working families will get a responsibilities, if you make certain invest- tax cut because their incomes are modest and ments, if you make certain commitments, because we want them to succeed as workers there are rewards. And it gives you all, again and as parents. That’s what the earned-in- I would say, the chance to develop the sys- come tax credit is all about. tems that work best community by commu- This empowerment zone initiative, there- nity. fore, is a central part of a broadly coordinated Now, I have given a lot of thought, having strategy. With business people in mind, the been a Governor and having tried to do this plan seeks to make places more attractive for on a State level with mixed results, to what new investment so that people can—Arland works and what doesn’t. When I became Smith can fulfill their dreams. We built about Governor of my State for the second time $2.5 billion in tax incentives into this plan. in 1983, we had an unemployment rate 3 per- They say if you hire a new worker in this cent higher than the national average. And zone, you’ll get a tax break. If you retrain the Mississippi Delta was then and unfortu- a worker who lives in this zone, you’ll get nately still is the poorest part of America. a tax break. In other words, the plan rewards But I could take you through towns in the people for results, for reaching people in communities that presently are seeing dis- eastern part of my State—Mr. Nash, the investment instead of new investment. Under Secretary of Agriculture, and I went It’s much better than welfare, and it recog- week after week, month after month, year nizes that it doesn’t make any economic after year into town after town after town. sense for us to be trying to build new markets And we would go into a county and see 2 all around the world when we have huge, towns 10 miles from one another, the same untapped, undeveloped markets right here at income makeup, the same racial makeup, the home: millions and millions and millions of same educational makeup, and one would potential consumers for American products have an unemployment rate 4 points lower and services who cannot be part of the Amer- than the other. One would have a school in ican market because they, themselves, do not which there was no white flight but instead have the education, the training, the jobs, coordinated, integrated, high-quality edu- and the supports that they need. If we simply cation. And it was always because of the lead- can apply our international economic policy ership and the vision and the discipline and to south central Los Angeles, Harlem, Mil- a common concern for the people who lived waukee, Detroit, you name it, the Mississippi at the local level. They created empower- Delta, south Texas, we’re going to do just ment zones without even knowing what the fine in this country. We should see the Amer- idea was or what it meant. So what we have ican people who have the ability of this fine really argued over and over and over again young man who just spoke as an enormous now for a year in Washington is what we asset that we are not tapping. And we have could do to set up a system that would accel- no excuses now for not doing it, because we erate the creation of those success stories, know better, and we know it. How many so there can be millions more Arland Smiths. times did I give that speech during the I asked the Vice President to head a new NAFTA debate? The only way a rich country Community Enterprise Board to try to come grows richer is to find more people who buy up with that sort of system, to change the its products and services. In America we have Federal relationship with America’s commu- millions of people who don’t buy our prod- nities but also to set in motion a process for
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American communities which would require ence; three members of the Little Rock them to undertake the discipline of examin- Nine, who helped to integrate Little Rock ing where they are, what they’re doing right Central High School in my home State so and wrong, and how to come up with strate- many years ago; my good friend and the dis- gies to succeed. I am very proud of the work tinguished journalist, Charlayne Hunter- that they’ve done so far. Gault; and members of my Cabinet here; And this occasion today in which we open presidents of other universities here; and the applications for the empowerment zones, other distinguished American citizens, all of I am absolutely convinced, will benefit every whom have labored in the vineyard that pro- single community in America that partici- duced Martin Luther King. pates in it whether they win the first round I want to say a special word, too, if I might of zones or not, because they will be able at the outset, of appreciation for the fact that to see that by doing the things that work, Howard provided the moment for me to re- we can open up opportunities for people to member again that in all great debates there live up to the fullest of their capacities. should be some discord. When the president Again, I want to thank Arland Smith for of the student body got up here, I thought coming here today and reminding us what to myself, well, we do have a responsibility is really at stake and what can be done. I to seek justice as we see it. And I was glad want to thank the business leaders for being she was here doing that. here today, because we can’t do this without It was a year ago on this day that I last you. You know it, and we know. And his story spoke at Howard, and I’m glad to be back is an example of it. And I want to thank the on this day. Only three American citizens, Vice President and everybody who has one from each century of our history, are worked on the Community Enterprise Board honored with a holiday of national scope. for an outstanding piece of work which he Two were Presidents, but the other never oc- will now describe. cupied any office, except the most important Thank you very much. in our democracy: He was a citizen. George Washington helped to create our Union, NOTE: The President spoke at 12:18 p.m. in the Abraham Lincoln gave his life to preserve East Room at the White House. In his remarks, it, and Martin Luther King redeemed the he referred to Arland Smith, a Youth Employment Training Program graduate. moral purpose of our United States. Each in his own way, each in his own time, each three of these great Americans defined what Remarks Honoring Martin Luther it means to be an American, what citizenship King, Jr., at Howard University requires, and what out Nation must become. January 17, 1994 Dr. King, his family, and those who joined in his cause set in motion changes that will Thank you very much. Thank you, Charles forever reverberate across America, across DeBose, for that fine introduction and, even the lines of geography, class, and race. The more important, for the example that you people who are here today, those whom I’ve have set by your service. I can think of no mentioned and those whom I did not, all of more significant tribute to the life and mem- them reflect that stunning fact. They en- ory of Dr. King than what you are doing and dured beatings; they risked death; they put what all the other young people who are in- their lives on the line. They marched when volved in community and national service are they were tired; they went to bed often with- doing throughout this country. I know a out a place to sleep. They made the word number of them are behind me here on the ‘‘American’’ mean something unique because stage, and I want to thank them all. they, all of them, in a way were trying to Dr. Jenifer and Mrs. Jenifer, to Joyce get us to live by what we said we believed. Ladner and all the distinguished people here For all of you who are very young here today, at Howard, I’m delighted to be back here many of you who were not even born when again. I thank and honor the presence of all Martin Luther King died, it may seem to you the civil rights leaders who are in the audi- that the struggle was a very long time ago.
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But if you look around you, you can see that cord, overflowing with joy to see Nelson the history of that struggle is still alive today, Mandela walk out of his jail cell after 27 still being written and still being made, still years, working with a white South African waiting to be fully redeemed. President to set in motion genuine elections I’m glad to be here at Howard today, and and then in good humor and with good spirit I’m glad that Howard and other historically campaigning against him to be the leader of black institutions of higher education are the country. This is an astonishing develop- represented here by satellite and that all of ment. them are working still to do what Martin Lu- Freedom is moving in the world. This past ther King knew must first be done: to give week, as all of you know, I traveled to Europe an education to all of our citizens without to help support freedom’s rebirth there. I regard to their race. Howard’s alumni alone want to tell you a little bit about that, because include a Justice of the United States Su- it relates to what I want to say to you about preme Court, a United States Senator, a what we must do here at home. My highest Nobel laureate, the Mayor of our Nation’s duty as our President is to keep our Nation Capital, and at least, by my last count, at least secure. And the heart of our security abroad 17 people who occupy important positions lies in our ties with Europe, in its past tur- in my administration, including the Secretary moils, its future promise. of Agriculture, Mike Espy, who is here. For For decades our security depended upon that, I say thank you. protecting a divided Europe. Europe was the It’s also fitting that Howard’s School of center of two world wars which took more International Study is expanding, ready to lives from the face of the Earth in less time educate a new generation of students about than any two events in history. After the Sec- a rapidly changing and ever more integrated ond World War, Europe was divided, but war world. Dr. King would have been very did not come again, in part because we pro- pleased by that. His last speech, delivered tected the people on our side of the dividing the night before he was slain in Memphis, line. But then the Berlin Wall came crashing on April 3d, 1968, contained a prophetic down. People rose up and demanded their message of hope about the world he saw own freedom. evolving. He said he imagined himself stand- Now we have seen the collapse of the Ber- ing at the beginning of time with a panoramic lin Wall, the end of communism in Eastern view of the whole of human history, with God Europe, the collapse of the Soviet system Almighty saying to him, ‘‘Martin Luther itself, new elections being held all over what King, which age would you like to live in?’’ was the Soviet Union. Now, that is an aston- He then considered all the momentous his- ishing thing. But these new democracies re- tory that would beckon someone of his enor- main fragile. They offer us the hope of a mous intellect and understanding, from the peaceful future and new trading partners, earliest civilizations to the Renaissance, to new prosperity, new opportunities to enrich the Emancipation Proclamation, but he said our own lives by learning from different cul- he would have said to the Lord, ‘‘If you allow tures and ethnic groups. But they are still me just to live a few years in the second half threatened by the explosive mix of old ethnic of the 20th century, I will be happy.’’ He tensions and new economic hardships. said, ‘‘That’s a strange statement to make be- Russia has adopted a new democratic con- cause the world is all messed up, but some- stitution and elected a Parliament freely for thing is happening in the world. The masses the first time to go with their popularly elect- are rising up, and wherever they are assem- ed President. But the reformers are embat- bled today, the cry is always the same, ‘We tled there, as ordinary citizens struggle to un- want to be free.’’’ derstand how they can come out ahead in I think Dr. King would be gratified to see an economy which is still very hard for them freedom’s march today, gladdened to see and as they listen at election times to people what happened last September 13th when who are calling them to an idyllic past that Prime Minister Rabin and Yasser Arafat never existed, one based on division instead shook hands and signed the Israel-PLO ac- of unity.
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The nuclear weapons of the former Soviet the young people in this audience today un- Union, too many of them are still there, re- less we say to them, ‘‘If you work hard, you maining a source of instability, of potential get an education, and you do what is right, for accident, an invitation to terrorist diver- you will have a job and an opportunity and sion. We’re working as hard as we can to dis- a better life.’’ We cannot do that. And to do mantle them, and we’re making remarkable that, we have to live in a world where all progress. But they’re still there. of us are working together to grow the econ- We can’t ignore these dangers to democ- omy. No rich country—and with all of our racy. The best way to keep Europe from ever poverty, we are still a very rich country— falling apart again, from dragging the young none has succeeded in guaranteeing jobs and people of this country to that continent to incomes to its people unless you always are fight and die again is to try to build for the finding more people to buy what you first time in all of history a Europe that is produce, your goods and your services. So integrated, integrated in a devotion to de- I went to Europe because I think the trip mocracy, to free economies, and to the prop- will help to create jobs for the young people osition that all these countries should respect in this audience. And unless we can do that, one another’s borders. That was the goal of our efforts are doomed to failure. my trip. And so we had a remarkable trip: to build We made great strides. We offered—we a more secure world; to build a more demo- in the NATO alliance that kept the world cratic world; to build a more economically safe after World War II—we offered all these prosperous world; to reduce the threat of nu- countries, all of them, the chance to be part clear weapons; and yesterday, with my meet- of a new Partnership For Peace that does ing with the Syrian President in Switzerland, not divide Europe but unites it. We said, let’s to try to keep moving the most historically turn our swords into plowshares by planting troubled area of the world, the Middle East, together for our common security. Let’s have toward a comprehensive peace. a military exercise in Germany with an Amer- But as I come home on this Martin Luther ican general, with Poles and Czechs and Rus- King Day from a trip that fought for democ- sians standing side by side and working to- racy and economic progress and security, I gether. Let’s say we’re going to write a whole have to ask myself: How are we doing on new future for the world, different from its these things here at home? How are we past. That is our great hope, and we made doing on these things at home? If democracy a good beginning. is the involvement of all of our people and We also sought to go country by country if it is making strength out of our diversity, to bolster the new democracies, to tell peo- if we want to say to the people in the troubled ple, look, there are always going to be prob- areas of Europe, ‘‘Put your ethnic hatreds lems in democracy and always going to be behind you; take the differences, the reli- conflict. We just got a little of it today. gious differences, the racial differences, the [Laughter] I told them, I said, we’ve been ethnic differences of your people, and make at this for 200 years now, 200 years, and we them a strength in a global economy,’’ surely didn’t even give all of our citizens the right we must do the same here. to vote until a generation ago. You’ve got to In the last year, we’ve worked hard on that. work at this. You’ve got to work at this, and Five of the members of my Cabinet are Afri- you cannot be discouraged, and you cannot can-Americans. Sixty-one percent of the Fed- give up. And so I pledged to help the people eral judges I have appointed are either who believe in democracy. And democracy women or members of different racial minor- means more than one thing. It means major- ity groups. And they have also, I might add, ity rule. It also means respect for minority been accounted the most highly qualified and individual human rights. group of Federal judges ever nominated by And we worked hard to try to build better a President of the United States. economic ties because America cannot pros- In the last year, our economy has created per unless the world economy grows. We more jobs in the private sector than in the cannot, we cannot meet our obligations to previous 4 years combined. Unemployment
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is down; interest rates are down; investment That is the struggle they’re dealing with is up. Millions of middle class Americans in Russia today, in the other former Com- have refinanced their homes and started new munist economies. They have the vote. It’s businesses. All this is helping us to move in exhilarating. But how long will it take for the the right direction. vote to produce the results that democratic We are working hard to protect rights citizens everywhere want so that people will fought for and won. American workers be rewarded for their work and can raise should not fear for their jobs because of dis- their families to live up to the fullest of their crimination. Under the Labor Secretary, Bob God-given abilities? That is our job here. Reich, the Department of Labor’s Office of That’s why this national service program Federal Contract Compliance has collected is so important and why I was elated that more than $34.5 million in back pay and Mr. DeBose was going to introduce me other financial remedies for the victims of today, because national service is a part of racial discrimination. That is a big increase our effort to create opportunity by building over the previous year. We have filed a communities from the grassroots up and at record number of housing discrimination the same time to give young people the op- cases, a 35-percent increase over the pre- portunity to pay some of their costs of college vious year. We are working to fight against education. And it is a part of the work that discrimination in lending, because if people the Secretary of Education, who is here, has can’t borrow money, they can’t start busi- done to try to revolutionize the whole way nesses and hire people and create jobs. we finance college education. We know right now that 100 percent of Just last week, in a coordinated effort the people need not only to graduate from strongly led by the HUD Secretary, Henry high school but to have at least 2 years of Cisneros, who would have been here today education after high school in the global but is on his way to Los Angeles to deal with economy. We know it, but we’re not orga- the aftermath of the earthquake, we ended nized for it. And so under the leadership of an ugly chapter in discrimination in Vidor, the Education Secretary and the Labor Sec- Texas. Under the protection of Federal mar- retary, our administration is working to set shals, FBI agents, and the police, and with up a system to move all young people from the support of the decent people who live high school to 2 years of further training there, a group of brave and determined Afri- while they’re in the workplace, in the service, can-Americans integrated at last Vidor’s pub- or in school. And we’re doing our dead level lic housing. best to make sure that the cost of a college Today I pledge to you continued and ag- education is never a deterrent to seizing it, gressive enforcement of the Fair Housing by reorganizing the whole student loan pro- Act. In a few moments I will sign an Execu- gram. Last year the Congress adopted our tive order that for the very first time puts plan to reorganize the college loan program, the full weight of the Federal Government to lower the interest rates, string out the re- behind efforts to guarantee fair housing for payments, require people to pay back as a everyone. We will tolerate no violations of percentage of the income they are earning every American’s right for that housing op- when they get out, not just based on how portunity. much they borrow when they’re in school. But my fellow Americans, the absence of No one should ever refuse to go to college discrimination is not the same thing as the because of its cost. presence of opportunity. It is not the same And earlier today, to give one more exam- thing as having the security you need to build ple of what we mean by the presence of op- your lives, your families, and your commu- portunity, on this Martin Luther King Day nities. So I say to you, it is our duty to con- I met with a group of business leaders and tinue the struggle that is not yet finished, to urged them to become active partners in fight discrimination. We will, and we must. communities where the need is greatest. We But it is not the same thing as the presence have learned time and again now, ever since of opportunity. Martin Luther King lived and died, that even
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when we have times of great economic Luther King’s greatest quote—I say to you growth there are areas in the inner cities and today, we have to ask ourselves what our per- in rural America that are totally left out of sonal responsibility is to serve in this time. the economic progress that occurs. We have And when we cannot explain these contradic- learned that unless we can rebuild our com- tions, then we have to work through them. munities from the grassroots up, unless we We may not have all of the answers; none can rebuild the institutions of a community of us do. I cannot expect you to have them; in ways that support work and family and as President, I don’t have them. But I know children, that millions and millions of Ameri- what the problems are, and so do you. And cans will be left out of the American dream. we know there are some things that will make And so today we announced our creation a difference. And we have an obligation to of 104 empowerment zones and enterprise try in our time to make that difference. There communities that can make a difference, that are too many questions we cannot answer will give people at the grassroots level the today. power to educate and employ people who Dr. King said, ‘‘Men hate each other be- otherwise will be lost, to themselves and to cause they fear each other. They fear each the rest of us, for a generation. That is the other because they don’t know each other. sort of thing that Martin Luther King would They don’t know each other because they want us to do, not just to let discrimination can’t communicate with each other. They go away but to create opportunity. can’t communicate with each other because And finally, let me say that we will never they are separated from each other.’’ We all do this unless we create the ways and means need to think about this. We’ve got a lot of for people to choose a peaceful and whole- walls still to tear down in this country, a lot some life. The most important experience I of divisions to overcome, and we need to start have had as your President here at home, with honest conversation, honest outreach, I think, in the last several months was having and a clear understanding that none of us the opportunity to go to Memphis and to has any place to hide. This is not a problem stand in the pulpit where Dr. King gave his of race; it is a problem of the American fam- last address and speak to 5,000 ministers of ily. And we had better get about solving it the Church of God in Christ, many of whom as a family. are longtime personal friends of mine, and Laws can help. That’s why I wanted to pass say that Martin Luther King did not live and the Brady bill. That’s why I want to take die to give young people the right to shoot these assault weapons off the street. That’s each other on the street. why I want to do a lot of other things that I come home thinking to myself: I am so will help to regulate how we deal with this proud of the fact that I had the chance to craziness of violence on our streets. That’s be President at a time when the United why I want more police officers, not to catch States was leading an agreement with Russia, criminals even as much as to prevent crime. in Ukraine, in Belarus, in Kazakhstan to dis- We know that community policing prevents mantle weapons of mass destruction; but we crime if it’s done right. Laws can help. can’t get guns out of our own schools. I’m But Martin Luther King reminded us, too, proud of the fact that we are pursuing an that laws can regulate behavior but not the aggressive high-technology policy, under the heart. And so I say to you, we must also seek leadership of the Vice President, that will what Abraham Lincoln called ‘‘the better an- help to turn this whole nation into a giant gels of our nature.’’ And we all have a respon- high-tech neighborhood so we can learn from sibility there. When he spoke here at How- one another and relate to each other; but we ard, Martin Luther King said the following can’t even make it safe for kids to walk the things, and I thought about it today when streets of their own neighborhoods. I was looking at Mr. DeBose up here intro- We would be asked, I think, by Martin Lu- ducing me, expressing the pride in the serv- ther King how come this is so. When Mr. ice he rendered and how it changed the DeBose stood up and said everybody can be minds and the hearts of the people with great because everybody can serve—Martin whom and for whom he worked. Dr. King
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said, ‘‘Human progress never rolls in on Franklyn Jenifer, president, and Joyce Ladner, wheels of inevitability. It comes through the vice president for academic affairs, Howard Uni- tireless effort and persistent work of dedi- versity. cated individuals who are willing to be co- workers with God. And without this hard Executive Order 12892—Leadership work, time itself becomes an ally of the and Coordination of Fair Housing in primitive forces of stagnation. And so we Federal Programs: Affirmatively must help time, and we must realize that the time is always right for one to do right.’’ Furthering Fair Housing ‘‘Time is neutral,’’ he said. ‘‘Time can either January 17, 1994 be used constructively or destructively.’’ All By the authority vested in me as President he asked from each of the rest of us was to by the Constitution and the laws of the put in a tiny, little minute. United States of America, and in accordance So, will we make Martin Luther King glad with the Fair Housing Act, as amended (42 or sad about the way we use our tiny, little U.S.C. 3601 et seq.) (‘‘Act’’), in order to af- minutes? In any one minute in America firmatively further fair housing in all Federal today, two aggravated assaults take place, six programs and activities relating to housing burglaries occur, three violent crimes are and urban development throughout the committed, and three times an hour, that vio- United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: lent act is a murder. But think about it. With- Section 1. Administration of Programs in the stand of the same minute, two men and Activities Relating to Housing and Urban from different worlds, like Arafat and Rabin, Development. can shake hands and set off on a new road 1–101. Section 808(d) of the Act, as to peace. A leader can agree that his country amended, provides that all executive depart- must give up the world’s third largest nuclear ments and agencies shall administer their arsenal. In one minute, people can make an programs and activities relating to housing enormous positive difference: they decide to and urban development (including any Fed- keep a seat on a bus instead of move to the eral agency having regulatory or supervisory back; they decide to show up for school in- authority over financial institutions) in a stead of be shunted away; they decide to sit manner affirmatively to further the purposes at a lunch counter even if they won’t get to of the Act and shall cooperate with the Sec- eat that day; they decide to pursue an edu- retary of Housing and Urban Development cation even if they’re not sure there’s a pot to further such purposes. of gold at the end of the rainbow; they work 1–102. As used in this order, the phrase to keep their neighborhoods safe just to cre- ‘‘programs and activities’’ shall include pro- ate a tiny little park where children can play grams and activities operated, administered, without fear again; they keep their families or undertaken by the Federal Government; together when it’s so easy to let them fall grants; loans; contracts; insurance; guaran- apart; and, they work to give a child the sense tees; and Federal supervision or exercise of that he or she is important and loved and regulatory responsibility (including regu- worthy, with a future. latory or supervisory authority over financial When I think about it I’m often sad that institutions). Martin Luther King had so few precious min- Sec. 2. Responsibilities of Executive Agen- utes on this Earth. Two days ago he would cies. have celebrated his 65th birthday, and the 2–201. The primary authority and respon- older I get the younger I realize 65 is. sibility for administering the programs and [Laughter] But you know, he did a lot with activities relating to housing and urban devel- the time he had, and I think we should try opment affirmatively to further fair housing to do the same. is vested in the Secretary of Housing and Thank you. Urban Development. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:20 p.m. in 2–202. The head of each executive agency Cramton Auditorium. In his remarks, he referred is responsible for ensuring that its programs to Charles DeBose, Jr., National Service intern, and activities relating to housing and urban
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development are administered in a manner 3–302. The President’s Fair Housing affirmatively to further the goal of fair hous- Council shall review the design and delivery ing as required by section 808 of the Act and of Federal programs and activities to ensure for cooperating with the Secretary of Hous- that they support a coordinated strategy to ing and Urban Development, who shall be affirmatively further fair housing. The Coun- responsible for exercising leadership in fur- cil shall propose revisions to existing pro- thering the purposes of the Act. grams or activities, develop pilot programs 2–203. In carrying out the responsibilities and activities, and propose new programs and in this order, the head of each executive activities to achieve its goals. agency shall take appropriate steps to require 3–303. In support of cooperative efforts that all persons or other entities who are ap- among all executive agencies, the Secretary plicants for, or participants in, or who are of Housing and Urban Development shall: supervised or regulated under, agency pro- (a) cooperate with, and render assist- grams and activities relating to housing and ance to, the heads of all executive agencies urban development shall comply with this in the formulation of policies and procedures order. to implement this order and to provide infor- 2–204. Upon receipt of a complaint alleg- mation and guidance on the affirmative ad- ing facts that may constitute a violation of ministration of programs and activities relat- the Act or upon receipt of information from ing to housing and urban development and a consumer compliance examination or other the protection of the rights accorded by the Act; and information suggesting a violation of the Act, (b) develop memoranda of understand- each executive agency shall forward such ing and any necessary implementing proce- facts or information to the Secretary of Hous- dures among executive agencies designed to ing and Urban Development for processing provide for consultation and the coordination under the Act. Where such facts or informa- of Federal efforts to further fair housing tion indicate a possible pattern or practice through the affirmative administration of of discrimination in violation of the Act, they programs and activities relating to housing also shall be forwarded to the Attorney Gen- and urban development, including coordina- eral. The authority of the Federal depository tion of the investigation of complaints or institution regulatory agencies to take appro- other information referred to the Secretary priate action under their statutory authority as required by section 2–204 of this order remains unaffected. that would constitute a violation of the Act Sec. 3. President’s Fair Housing Council. or, where relevant, other Federal laws. Exist- 3–301. There is hereby established an ad- ing memoranda of understanding shall re- visory council entitled the ‘‘President’s Fair main in effect until superseded. Housing Council’’ (‘‘Council’’). The Council 3–304. In connection with carrying out shall be chaired by the Secretary of Housing functions under this order, the Secretary of and Urban Development and shall consist of Housing and Urban Development is author- the Secretary of Health and Human Services, ized to request from any executive agency the Secretary of Transportation, the Sec- such information and assistance as the Sec- retary of Education, the Secretary of Labor, retary deems necessary. Each agency shall the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of furnish such information to the extent per- Agriculture, the Secretary of Veterans Af- mitted by law and, to the extent practicable, fairs, the Secretary of the Treasury, the At- provide assistance to the Secretary. torney General, the Secretary of the Interior, Sec. 4. Specific Responsibilities. the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the Comp- 4–401. In implementing the responsibil- troller of the Currency, the Director of the ities under sections 2–201, 2–202, 2–203, and Office of Thrift Supervision, the Chair of the section 3 of this order, the Secretary of Hous- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and ing and Urban Development shall, to the ex- such other officials of executive departments tent permitted by law: and agencies as the President may, from time (a) promulgate regulations in consultation to time, designate. with the Department of Justice and Federal
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banking agencies regarding programs and ac- its final regulations. All executive agencies tivities of executive agencies related to hous- shall formally submit all such proposed and ing and urban development that shall: final regulations, and any related issuances (1) describe the functions, organiza- or standards, to the Secretary of Housing and tion, and operations of the President’s Urban Development at least 30 days prior Fair Housing Council; to public announcement. (2) describe the types of programs 4–403. The Secretary of Housing and and activities defined in section 1–102 Urban Development shall review proposed of this order that are subject to the regulations and standards prepared pursuant order; to section 4–402 of this order to ensure con- (3) describe the responsibilities and formity with the purposes of the Act and con- obligations of executive agencies in en- sistency among the operations of the various suring that programs and activities are executive agencies and shall provide com- administered and executed in a manner ments to executive agencies with respect that furthers fair housing; thereto on a timely basis. (4) describe the responsibilities and 4–404. In addition to promulgating the obligations of applicants, participants, regulations described in section 4–401 of this and other persons and entities involved order, the Secretary of Housing and Urban in housing and urban development pro- Development shall promulgate regulations grams and activities affirmatively to fur- describing the nature and scope of coverage ther the goal of fair housing; and and the conduct prohibited, including mort- (5) describe a method to identify im- gage lending discrimination and property in- pediments in programs or activities that surance discrimination. restrict fair housing choice and imple- ment incentives that will maximize the Sec. 5. Administrative Enforcement. achievement of practices that affirma- 5–501. The head of each executive agency tively further fair housing. shall be responsible for enforcement of this (b) coordinate executive agency imple- order and, unless prohibited by law, shall co- mentation of the requirements of this order operate and provide records, data, and docu- and issue standards and procedures regard- mentation in connection with any other agen- ing: cy’s investigation of compliance with provi- (1) the administration of programs sions of this order. and activities relating to housing and 5–502. If any executive agency concludes urban development in a manner affirm- that any person or entity (including any State atively to further fair housing; and or local public agency) applying for or partici- (2) the cooperation of executive agen- pating in, or supervised or regulated under, cies in furtherance of the Secretary of a program or activity relating to housing and Housing and Urban Development’s au- urban development has not complied with thority and responsibility under the Act. this order or any applicable rule, regulation, 4–402. Within 180 days of the publication or procedure issued or adopted pursuant to of final regulations by the Secretary of Hous- this order, it shall endeavor to end and rem- ing and Urban Development under section edy such violation by informal means, includ- 4–401 of this order, the head of each execu- ing conference, conciliation, and persuasion. tive agency shall publish proposed regula- An executive agency need not pursue infor- tions providing for the administration of pro- mal resolution of matters where similar ef- grams and activities relating to housing and forts made by another executive agency have urban development in a manner affirmatively been unsuccessful, except where otherwise to further fair housing, consistent with the required by law. In the event of failure of Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- such informal means, the executive agency, ment’s regulations, and with the standards in conformity with rules, regulations, proce- and procedures issued pursuant to section 4– dures, or policies issued or adopted by it pur- 401(b) of this order. As soon as practicable suant to section 4 of this order hereof, shall thereafter, each executive agency shall issue impose such sanctions as may be authorized
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by law. To the extent authorized by law, such and shall be provided to the Secretary of sanctions may include: Housing and Urban Development and, (a) cancellation or termination of agree- where appropriate, to the Attorney General ments or contracts with such person, entity, in a timely manner. or any State or local public agency; Sec. 6. General Provisions. (b) refusal to extend any further aid under 6–601. Nothing in this order shall limit the any program or activity administered by it authority of the Attorney General to provide and affected by this order until it is satisfied for the coordinated enforcement of non- that the affected person, entity, or State or discrimination requirements in Federal as- local public agency will comply with the sistance programs under Executive Order rules, regulations, and procedures issued or No. 12250. adopted pursuant to this order; 6–602. All provisions of regulations, guide- (c) refusal to grant supervisory or regu- lines, and procedures proposed to be issued latory approval to such person, entity, or by executive agencies pursuant to this order State or local public agency under any pro- that implement nondiscrimination require- gram or activity administered by it that is af- ments of laws covered by Executive Order fected by this order or revoke such approval No. 12250 shall be submitted to the Attorney if previously given; and General for review in accordance with that (d) any other action as may be appropriate Executive order. In addition, the Secretary under law. shall consult with the Attorney General re- 5–503. Findings of any violation under sec- garding all regulations and procedures pro- tion 5–502 of this order shall be promptly posed to be issued under sections 4–401 and reported by the head of each executive agen- 4–402 of this order to assure consistency with cy to the Secretary of Housing and Urban coordinated Federal efforts to enforce non- Development and the Attorney General. The discrimination requirements in programs of Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- Federal financial assistance pursuant to Ex- ment shall forward this information to all ecutive Order No. 12250. other executive agencies. 5–504. Any executive agency shall also 6–603. Nothing in this order shall affect consider invoking appropriate sanctions the authority and responsibility of the Attor- against any person or entity where any other ney General to commence any civil action executive department or agency has initiated authorized by the Act. action against that person or entity pursuant 6–604. (a) Part IV and sections 501 and to section 5–502 of this order, where the Sec- 503 of Executive Order No. 11063 are re- retary of Housing and Urban Development voked. The activities and functions of the has issued a charge against such person or President’s Committee on Equal Oppor- entity that has not been resolved, or where tunity in Housing described in that Executive the Attorney General has filed a civil action order shall be performed by the Secretary in Federal Court against such person or en- of Housing and Urban Development. tity. (b) Sections 101 and 502(a) of Executive 5–505. Each executive agency shall consult Order No. 11063 are revised to apply to dis- with the Secretary of Housing and Urban crimination because of ‘‘race, color, religion Development, and the Attorney General (creed), sex, disability, familial status or na- where a civil action in Federal Court has tional origin.’’ All executive agencies shall re- been filed, regarding agency actions to in- vise regulations, guidelines, and procedures voke sanctions under the Act. The Depart- issued pursuant to Part II of Executive Order ment of Housing and Urban Development, No. 11063 to reflect this amendment to cov- the Department of Justice, and Federal erage. banking agencies shall develop and coordi- (c) Section 102 of Executive Order No. nate appropriate policies and procedures for 11063 is revised by deleting the term ‘‘Hous- taking action under their respective authori- ing and Home Finance Agency’’ and insert- ties. Each decision to invoke sanctions and ing in lieu thereof the term ‘‘Department of the reasons therefor shall be documented Housing and Urban Development.’’
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6–605. Nothing in this order shall affect Americans of every income level, seeking any requirement imposed under the Equal to live where they choose, feel the weight Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691 et of discrimination because of the color of their seq.), the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (12 skin, their race, their religion, their gender, U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) or the Community Rein- their country of origin, or because they are vestment Act (12 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.). disabled or have children. 6–606. Nothing in this order shall limit the An increasing body of evidence indicates authority of the Federal banking agencies to that barriers to fair housing are pervasive. carry out their responsibilities under current Forty percent of all families move every 5 law or regulations. years. This statistic is significant given the re- 6–607. Executive Order No. 12259 is here- sults of a recent study, commissioned by the by revoked. Department of Housing and Urban Develop- Sec. 7. Report. ment (HUD), which found that more than 7–701. The Secretary of Housing and half of the African Americans and Latinos Urban Development shall submit to the seeking to rent or buy a home are treated President an annual report commenting on differently than whites with the same quali- the progress that the Department of Housing fications. Moreover, based upon Home and Urban Development and other executive Mortgage Disclosure Act data, the number agencies have made in carrying out require- of minority persons who are rejected when ments and responsibilities under this Execu- attempting to obtain loans to purchase homes tive order. The annual report may be consoli- is two to three times higher than it is for dated with the annual report on the state of nonminorities in almost every metropolitan fair housing required by section 808(e)(2) of area of this country. the Act. Racial and ethnic segregation, both in the William J. Clinton private housing market and in public and as- sisted housing, has been well documented. The White House, Despite legislation (the Fair Housing Act) January 17, 1994. and Executive action (Executive Order No. 11063), the divisive impact of housing seg- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:38 p.m., January 18, 1994] regation persists in metropolitan areas all across this country. Too many lower income NOTE: This Executive order was published in the and minority Americans face barriers to Federal Register on January 20. housing outside of central cities. Segregation in housing and schools deprives too many of Memorandum on Fair Housing our children and youth of an opportunity to enter the marketplace or work on an equal January 17, 1994 footing. For too many families, our cities are Memorandum for the Heads of Executive no longer the launching pads for economic Departments and Agencies self-sufficiency and upward mobility that they have been for countless immigrants and Subject: Federal Leadership of Fair Housing minorities since the country’s birth. And On April 11, 1968, one week after the as- many Americans who are better off abandon sassination of the great civil rights leader the cities. Martin Luther King, Jr., the Fair Housing The resulting decline in the very heart of Act was enacted (1) to prohibit discrimina- too many of our metropolitan areas threatens tion in housing, and (2) to direct the Sec- all of us: the health of our dynamic regional retary of Housing and Urban Development economies—the very lifeblood of future na- to affirmatively further fair housing in Fed- tional economic growth and higher living eral housing and urban development pro- standards for all of us and all of our chil- grams. Twenty-five years later, despite a dren—is placed at risk. strengthening of the Fair Housing Act 5 We can do better. We can start by making years ago, hundreds of acts of housing dis- sure that our own Federal policies and pro- crimination occur in our Nation each day. grams across all of our agencies support the
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fair housing and equal opportunity goals to to free choice where they continue to exist. which all Americans are committed. If all of This review shall include Federally assisted our executive agencies affirmatively further housing, Federally insured housing and other fair housing in the design of their policies housing and housing related programs, in- and administration of their programs relating cluding those of the Government National to housing and urban development, a truly Mortgage Association and the Federal Hous- nondiscriminatory housing market will be ing Administration. closer to achievement. Today, I am establishing a new Cabinet- By an Executive Order (‘‘the Order’’) I am level organization to focus the cooperative ef- issuing today and this memorandum, I am forts of all agencies on fair housing. The addressing those needs. The Secretary of President’s Fair Housing Council will be Housing and Urban Development and, chaired by the Secretary of Housing and where appropriate, the Attorney General— Urban Development and will consist of the the officials with the primary responsibility Secretary of Health and Human Services, the for the enforcement of Federal fair housing Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of laws—will take the lead in developing and Education, the Secretary of Labor, the Sec- coordinating measures to carry out the pur- retary of Defense, the Secretary of Agri- poses of this Order. culture, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Through this Order, I am first expanding the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney Executive Order No. 11063 to provide pro- General, the Secretary of the Interior, the tection against discrimination in programs of Chair of the Federal Reserve, the Comptrol- Federal insurance or guaranty to persons ler of the Currency, the Director of the Of- who are disabled and to families with chil- fice of Thrift Supervision, and the Chair of dren. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Second, I am revoking the old Executive The President’s Fair Housing Council Order No. 12259 entitled ‘‘Leadership and shall review the design and delivery of Fed- Coordination of Fair Housing in Federal eral programs and activities to ensure that Programs.’’ The new Executive order reflects they support a coordinated strategy to affirm- the expanded authority of the Secretary of atively further fair housing. The Council shall Housing and Urban Development and I am propose revisions to existing programs or ac- directing him to take stronger measures to tivities, develop pilot programs and activities, provide leadership and coordination in af- and propose new programs and activities to firmatively furthering fair housing in Federal achieve its goals. programs. I direct the Secretary of Housing and Third, I ask the heads of departments and Urban Development and the President’s Fair agencies, including the Federal banking Housing Council to develop a pilot program agencies, to cooperate with the Secretary of to be implemented in selected metropolitan Housing and Urban Development in identi- areas. This initiative will promote fair hous- fying ways to structure agency programs and ing choice by helping inner-city families to activities to affirmatively further fair housing move to suburban neighborhoods and by and to promptly negotiate memoranda of un- making the central city more attractive to derstanding with him to accomplish that goal. those who have left it. I direct the members Further, I direct the Secretary of Housing of the Council to undertake a demonstration and Urban Development to review all of program that will reinvent the way assisted HUD’s programs to assure that they truly housing is offered to applicants, will break provide equal opportunity and promote eco- down jurisdictional barriers in housing op- nomic self-sufficiency for those who are portunities, and will promote the use of sub- beneficiaries and recipients of those pro- sidies that diminish residential segregation, grams. and will combine these initiatives with re- I also direct the Secretary to review fined educational incentives aimed at im- HUD’s programs to assure that they contain proving the effectiveness of inner-city the maximum incentives to affirmatively fur- schools. I am directing that transportation al- ther fair housing and to eliminate barriers ternatives be considered along with targeted
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social service and job training programs as and, most tragically, many people have been part of the support necessary to create a one- injured and several lives have already been stop, metropolitan area-wide fair housing op- lost. portunity pilot program that will effectively Due to the damage caused by the earth- offer Federally assisted housing, Federally quake, I have, by signing the document that insured housing, and private market housing I will sign at the end of this statement, de- within a metropolitan area to all residents of clared these areas of California to be a major the area. The pilot program should call upon disaster, thereby authorizing the expendi- realtors, mortgage lenders, housing provid- tures of funds necessary for Federal disaster ers, and local governments, among others, to assistance that is requested by Governor Wil- assist in expanding housing choices. son. To address the findings of recent studies, This program will include, among other I hereby direct the Secretary of Housing and things, low-interest loans to replace homes Urban Development and the Attorney Gen- and businesses, cash grants where needed, eral and, where appropriate, the heads of the housing assistance, energy unemployment, Federal banking agencies to exercise national emergency unemployment assistance, and leadership to end discrimination in mortgage funds to rebuild the highways, the schools, lending, the secondary mortgage market, and and other infrastructure. property insurance practices. The Secretary At my direction, the Director of FEMA, is directed to issue regulations to define dis- James Lee Witt, is now on his way to Califor- criminatory practices in these areas and the nia, along with Secretary of Transportation Secretary and the Attorney General are di- Pen˜ a and Secretary of Housing and Urban rected to aggressively enforce the laws pro- Development Cisneros. In addition, I have hibiting these practices. directed some senior White House staff to In each of these areas, I direct the Sec- the scene as well. Our hearts and prayers go retary of Housing and Urban Development out to the people of southern California. I to take the lead with the other Federal agen- spoke early this morning with Mayor Riordan cies in working to gain the voluntary coopera- and then with Governor Wilson and wished tion, participation, and expertise of all of them well and pledged to them that the those in private industry, the States and local- United States Government would do all that ities who can assist in achieving the Nation’s we possibly can to be helpful. They were, fair housing goals. obviously, appreciative, and we are glad that The Secretary of Housing and Urban De- James Lee Witt, as well as our Cabinet Sec- velopment is authorized and directed to pub- retaries, were on their way to the scene. lish this memorandum in the Federal Reg- The people of southern California have ister. been through a lot recently with the fires. William J. Clinton The economy of the State of California has suffered enormous stresses in the last few years, and I think all of us should be very Remarks on the Los Angeles sensitive to what they are going through now. Earthquake and an Exchange With I know the rest of America will offer them Reporters their thoughts and their prayers tonight and January 17, 1994 will support our common efforts to help them to recover from this tragedy and to get The President. Good afternoon. As all of on with the business of rebuilding their lives. you know, this morning at dawn a violent The assistance here will be short-term to earthquake struck southern California near help people get through the next few days, Los Angeles. Because it occurred in a densely but there will also be long-term work to be populated area, it was an unusually destruc- done, and we expect to be involved as full tive one. We have all seen today on our own partners in that. televisions the buildings that have collapsed, Again, let me say I wish the Mayor, the the freeways turned into rubble. The power Governor, the people of California well. We has been cut off and gas mains have exploded are looking forward to working with them.
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I have had the opportunity to speak with both I get some feedback from the folks on the Senator Boxer and Senator Feinstein today, ground there. They’ve got enough of a traffic and I am confident that everybody is doing jam with those three interstates messed up everything they can. I am going to be here as it is. basically waiting for reports today and tomor- Q. Mr. President, what went through your row as we assess what our next steps should mind this morning when you first were told be. Let me sign the document for disaster about this earthquake? We understand you declaration, and then I will answer a few called your brother right away. questions. The President. Well, the first thing, I [At this point, the President signed the dec- guess I was a citizen first. The first thing I laration.] did was pick up the phone and call my broth- er, because I knew that he lived very close Q. Mr. President, when you say that this to the epicenter of the earthquake. And I will be short-term assistance, any idea how much money this is going to cost the Federal called him probably at 5:15 a.m. their time, Government in the short term as well as in so it was maybe 35 minutes or 40 minutes the long term? Will you be going back to after the earthquake had occurred. He was Congress seeking emergency assistance? fine. He said they’d suffered some significant The President. I don’t know. We have got disruption in movement there in his apart- to wait until we get some sense of how much ment, but they didn’t have any significant money is involved. The most expensive thing loss. So I felt good about that. I know about now would obviously be the And then I tried to get another report, and three freeways. And any of you who have then I started calling folks in California in ever—and I guess all of you, certainly with a more official capacity. But, of course, like me and probably on your own, have been all of you, I was able to watch it all unfold on those freeways in times of difficult traffic on television. It was really something. know how pivotal that’s going to be to restor- Q. Mr. President, do you anticipate a need ing the economic capacity of the people of to activate Federal troops—— southern California. They depend heavily on The President. If we need to do it, we those freeways; and then with that many, can. We are organized to do it. But again, with three of them severely damaged, I I want to wait until I get a report back from would imagine that would be the most urgent Mr. Witt after he talks to the Mayor and the and most expensive need that we know about Governor and others involved out there. now. Now, of course, there may be other We’ve had a pretty good record of—you things and I have to get a report. Again, I know, we’ve had experience working with the expect to be getting reports on this all folks in that area. Ironically, you know, we’ve through tomorrow. got some sites that were made available for Q. Mr. President, are you considering emergency aid during the fires that could still going out there yourself to look at the dam- be activated rather quickly. I mean, our folks age? The President. Yes. As you know, I went are in place there and the contingencies that to the flooded areas in the Middle West and they need to think through, I think, have I went—I basically like to take a firsthand pretty well been thought through. So, we view of these things, but I don’t want to be should be able to give you a much better in the way. When I go, I want to be a con- report tomorrow sometime. structive presence. And we’ve got Mr. Witt Thank you. out there. We’ve got Secretary Cisneros and Secretary Pen˜ a out there. We’ve got people NOTE: The President spoke at 5:07 p.m. in the from my staff out there. I think it’s important Oval Office at the White House. A tape was not that I not go out there and get in the way. available for verification of the content of these So, I don’t know when it would be appro- remarks. priate for me to go. I’m going to wait until
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Letter to Federal Emergency visory Committee shall be composed of not Management Agency Director James more than 15 members to be appointed or L. Witt on Disaster Assistance for designated by the President. The Advisory California Committee shall comply with the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, 5 January 17, 1994 U.S.C. App. 2. Dear Mr. Witt: (b) The President shall designate a Chair- I have determined that the damage in cer- person from among the members of the Ad- tain areas of the State of California, resulting visory Committee. from an earthquake and aftershocks on Janu- Sec. 2. Functions. (a) There has been es- ary 17, 1994, and continuing, is of sufficient tablished a Human Radiation Interagency severity and magnitude to warrant a major Working Group, the members of which in- disaster declaration under the Robert T. Staf- clude the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary ford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assist- of Defense, the Secretary of Health and ance Act (‘‘the Stafford Act’’). I, therefore, Human Services, the Secretary of Veterans declare that such a major disaster exists in Affairs, the Attorney General, the Adminis- the State of California. trator of the National Aeronautics and Space In order to provide Federal assistance, you Administration, the Director of Central In- are hereby authorized to allocate from funds telligence, and the Director of the Office of available for these purposes, such amounts Management and Budget. As set forth in as you find necessary for Federal disaster as- paragraph (b) of this section, the Advisory sistance and administrative expenses. Committee shall provide to the Human Radi- You are authorized to provide Individual ation Interagency Working Group advice and Assistance and Public Assistance in the des- recommendations on the ethical and sci- ignated areas. Consistent with the require- entific standards applicable to human radi- ment that Federal assistance be supple- ation experiments carried out or sponsored mental, any Federal funds provided under by the United States Government. As used the Stafford Act for Public Assistance will be herein, ‘‘human radiation experiments’’ limited to 75 percent of the total eligible means: costs except for direct Federal assistance (1) experiments on individuals involving costs for emergency work authorized at 100 intentional exposure to ionizing radi- percent Federal funding for the first 72 ation. This category does not include hours. common and routine clinical practices, Sincerely, such as established diagnosis and treat- Bill Clinton ment methods, involving incidental ex- posures to ionizing radiation; NOTE: This letter was made available by the Of- (2) experiments involving intentional envi- fice of the Press Secretary but was not issued as ronmental releases of radiation that (A) a White House press release. were designed to test human health ef- fects of ionizing radiation; or (B) were Executive Order 12891—Advisory designed to test the extent of human ex- Committee on Human Radiation posure to ionizing radiation. Experiments Consistent with the provisions set forth in January 15, 1994 paragraph (b) of this section, the Advisory Committee shall also provide advice, infor- By the authority vested in me as President mation, and recommendations on the follow- by the Constitution and the laws of the ing experiments: United States of America, it is hereby or- (1) the experiment into the atmospheric dered as follows: diffusion of radioactive gases and test of Section 1. Establishment. (a) There shall detectability, commonly referred to as be established an Advisory Committee on ‘‘the Green Run test,’’ by the former Human Radiation Experiments (the ‘‘Advi- Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and sory Committee’’ or ‘‘Committee’’). The Ad- the Air Force in December 1949 at the
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Hanford Reservation in Richland, a detailed review of experiments and associ- Washington; ated records to the extent permitted by law. (2) two radiation warfare field experiments (3) If required to protect the health of in- conducted at the AEC’s Oak Ridge of- dividuals who were subjects of a human radi- fice in 1948 involving gamma radiation ation experiment, or their descendants, the released from non-bomb point sources Advisory Committee may recommend to the at or near ground level; Human Radiation Interagency Working (3) six tests conducted during 1949–1952 Group that an agency notify particular sub- of radiation warfare ballistic dispersal jects of an experiment, or their descendants, devices containing radioactive agents at of any potential health risk or the need for the U.S. Army’s Dugway, Utah, site; medical follow-up. (4) four atmospheric radiation-tracking (4) The Advisory Committee may rec- tests in 1950 at Los Alamos, New Mex- ommend further policies, as needed, to en- ico; and sure compliance with recommended ethical (5) any other similar experiment that may and scientific standards for human radiation later be identified by the Human Radi- experiments. ation Interagency Working Group. (5) The Advisory Committee may carry out The Advisory Committee shall review ex- such additional functions as the Human Ra- periments conducted from 1944 to May 30, diation Interagency Working Group may 1974. Human radiation experiments under- from time to time request. taken after May 30, 1974, the date of Sec. 3. Administration. (a) The heads of issuance of the Department of Health, Edu- executive departments and agencies shall, to cation, and Welfare (‘‘DHEW’’) Regulations the extent permitted by law, provide the Ad- for the Protection of Human Subjects (45 visory Committee with such information as C.F.R. 46), may be sampled to determine it may require for purposes of carrying out whether further inquiry into experiments is its functions. warranted. Further inquiry into experiments (b) Members of the Advisory Committee conducted after May 30, 1974, may be pur- shall be compensated in accordance with sued if the Advisory Committee determines, Federal law. Committee members may be with the concurrence of the Human Radi- allowed travel expenses, including per diem ation Interagency Working Group, that such in lieu of subsistence, to the extent permitted inquiry is warranted. by law for persons serving intermittently in (b)(1) The Advisory Committee shall de- the government service (5 U.S.C. 5701- termine the ethical and scientific standards 5707). and criteria by which it shall evaluate human (c) To the extent permitted by law, and radiation experiments, as set forth in para- subject to the availability of appropriations, graph (a) of this section. The Advisory Com- the Department of Energy shall provide the mittee shall consider whether (A) there was Advisory Committee with such funds as may a clear medical or scientific purpose for the be necessary for the performance of its func- experiments; (B) appropriate medical follow- tions. up was conducted; and (C) the experiments’ Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Notwith- design and administration adequately met standing the provisions of any other Execu- the ethical and scientific standards, including tive order, the functions of the President standards of informed consent, that prevailed under the Federal Advisory Committee Act at the time of the experiments and that exist that are applicable to the Advisory Commit- today. tee, except that of reporting annually to the (2) The Advisory Committee shall evaluate Congress, shall be performed by the Human the extent to which human radiation experi- Radiation Interagency Working Group, in ac- ments were consistent with applicable ethical cordance with the guidelines and procedures and scientific standards as determined by the established by the Administrator of General Committee pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) of Services. this section. If deemed necessary for such (b) The Advisory Committee shall termi- an assessment, the Committee may carry out nate 30 days after submitting its final report
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to the Human Radiation Interagency Work- There was in this city a culture that I knew ing Group. existed that tended to sometimes major in (c) This order is intended only to improve the minor and minor in the major, as you the internal management of the executive know. But I still found that if we stayed after branch and it is not intended to create any it we could make change. It just turned out right, benefit, trust, or responsibility, sub- to be harder than I thought it would be. stantive or procedural, enforceable at law or Mr. King. Adjustment tough? This is not equity by a party against the United States, Governor, right? its agencies, its officers, or any person. The President. No. It wasn’t tough to ad- William J. Clinton just to the job. I like the job. But it’s a very The White House, different life. And I was very concerned January 15, 1994. about how it would affect my family. Hillary and I wanted to—we had a good life be- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:37 p.m., January 18, 1994] fore—a good family life, good work life. And we were very concerned about Chelsea, who NOTE: This Executive order was released by the loved her school, her activities, her friends office of the press secretary on January 18, and at home. But I’m proud of the transition she’s it was published in the Federal Register on Janu- ary 20. made. And over the holidays when we were sort of reminiscing, we were most proud, I think, that our daughter had adjusted to her Letter on the Withdrawal of new school, made worlds of good friends, and Nomination of Admiral Bobby R. has her ballet and other things. Inman to be Secretary of Defense Mr. King. The saddest day had to be the January 18, 1993 loss of your mother—— The President. Yes. Dear Admiral Inman: Mr. King.——and no time to really grieve, It is with regret that I accept your request right? that I not submit your nomination as Sec- retary of Defense. While I understand the The President. She was real important to personal considerations that have led you to me. I loved her a lot. And the night she died this decision, I am nevertheless saddened she called me. We had a wonderful talk. And that our Nation will be denied your service. then I went home, and we put the funeral I wish you the very best as you continue together. And then I went to Europe, and to work on your many important endeavors I came back, took a physical, and then went as a private citizen. to California. Very truly yours, Mr. King. So you’ve had no time to grieve. Bill Clinton The President. No real time, no. You re- member when she called on your show? NOTE: The White House also made available Mr. King. You were in Ocala. Adm. Inman’s letter requesting that his nomina- tion to be Secretary of Defense be withdrawn. The President. We were in Ocala, Flor- ida, and you set me up. Mr. King. And you said, where are you? Interview With Larry King The President. My mother called me January 20, 1994 from Vegas. First Year in Office Mr. King. Vegas, where else? The President. Last trip she took, you Larry King. And thank you very much for joining us. We’ll, of course, be including your know, which is what she should have done. phone calls. The phones will flash on the Mr. King. I saw some people who were screen. with her the night before she died. You What a year. Biggest surprise? would have never known she was ill. She was The President. It was a little tougher to all right. That had to be the worst. What was change things than I thought it would be. the best day of this year? And then we’ll dis-
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cuss a whole bunch of things and take calls. highways as quickly as possible. You know, What was your best day? it’s a highway-driven place, southern Califor- The President. Well, I think my best per- nia. We’re finally beginning to get the econ- sonal day was Christmas because we had our omy turned around out there finally, and families here. And it’s a family holiday. It’s then this happens. So we’ve got to do this always very important to me. Hillary loves in a way that doesn’t upset the economy. it. Chelsea loves it. And we had mother here Mr. King. There are some, as you know, and her husband, Dick, and my brother and among us in America who will say, ‘‘Well, Hillary’s family. It was good. it’s their problem. They chose to live in that Mr. King. Best political day? area. That’s an area where earthquakes The President. Best political day, that’s occur. Why should Des Moines pay?’’ tough. Probably the passage of the economic The President. Well, because California plan, because it made possible all the other paid for Des Moines when we had that awful things, the victory of NAFTA, the GATT flood. Americans are normally at their best agreement, the passage of family leave, na- in times of grave natural disaster. And I must tional service, all the other things. If the eco- say, after all the people in California have nomic plan hadn’t happened, we couldn’t been through—they had the riots, and then have turned the economy around, and we they had the fires, and they’ve had all the couldn’t have had all those other successes losses of jobs because of the defense cutbacks in Congress. and the national recession—to have this put on them. And yet I met so many brave peo- Los Angeles Earthquake ple. I met a women who said, ‘‘You know, Mr. King. Let’s run down some things real I lost my house, but I’d like to say I hope current. You’re just back from L.A. Appar- nobody will take advantage of the Federal ently it’s going to rain there this weekend. Government. Don’t apply for aid you don’t Are they going to have tents outside for those deserve. Don’t ask for something you don’t people? need. Somebody else may need this later in The President. They’re working on that. the year.’’ That’s the kind of spirit you get. They’re also working on whether we can get And I would hope that the people of some more trailers in and other things. America would want to help those folks who Mr. King. What was that like to go there? through no fault of their own were really dis- I mean, we were there for it—— located. I also would tell you when there is The President. You were there when it a severe economic disruption, whether it was happened, so you know better even than I. the Middle West because of the horrible But I must tell you, standing on those pieces floods in the Mississippi River Valley and the of broken interstate highway and to realize adjoining rivers or now southern California that happened in a matter of seconds, that in the case of this earthquake, it hurts the massive—tons and tons of concrete moved, whole rest of the American economy. So and then, of course, seeing all the homes ru- we’ve got to be family in emergencies. And ined and businesses cracked open. It was an I think that’s what America wants to do. amazing thing. Mr. King. What’s a President’s role there? The President. Well, I think the first and The Nomination Process most important role is to assure that the fed- Mr. King. All right, switching gears. What eral emergency management program is do you make of the Bobby Inman story? working, that we’re getting the emergency What happened there—Safire, Dole, that ex- help to people they need, the food, the shel- planation? ter, and the money in some cases, people The President. I don’t know. You may have lost everything; secondly, that we put know as much about that as anybody. All I in motion the rebuilding process to get hous- can tell you is that I accept his statement. ing to people and to deal with the longer He made a decision. I don’t think we should term needs; and thirdly, that in the case of lose sight of the fact that he was a four-star Los Angeles, that we start rebuilding those admiral. He gave 30 years of service to his
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country. He was confirmed by the United of Defense, and then I’ll talk about the proc- States Senate four times. I just—— ess. Mr. King. You think maybe he really Mr. King. Is it a short list? Yes? Why in didn’t want the job? this year did we have so many appointment The President. Down deep inside, I think problems? maybe he wasn’t sure he wanted to go back. The President. First of all, I think most There are a lot of people—I had a Cabinet of it was because the rules changed on the member tell me the other day that if he had household help issue. That had never been to do it all over again, he wasn’t sure he an issue before. And all of a sudden it was would go into public service today be- a big issue, and the press was pillorying peo- cause—— ple that had the problem. And it was a prob- Mr. King. Because? lem. And so we had to get that worked out. The President. ——it’s just too brutal, I don’t think it will ever happen again now what you’re put through. That’s what he said. because now there are fairly clear rules: if Mr. King. Are there days you think that? you’ve had this problem but you pay your The President. Not for me, no. taxes and then now you won’t be—so that was the first big problem. Mr. King. You like it too much? The second thing was that people’s The President. I like it. But the only thing writings became an issue for jobs other than I’ve ever cared about on that is my family. the Supreme Court. That is, Judge Bork’s You know, when Hillary or Chelsea get hurt writings were an issue but that’s because the or when my mother was hurt by something Supreme Court got to read, interpret the that was said or done, that really bothered Constitution, and it was a lifetime job. The me, especially for Hillary and Chelsea. They Senators and others decided this year that really didn’t sign on for all that. But for me, they’d make that an issue for everybody for I figure, if you look around the Western confirmation, which I think is a questionable world and you look at the recent history of standard, but it did. the United States, if you sign on for a political Mr. King. You’re talking about Lani career in the latter half of the 20th century, Guinier and—— you just have to expect a level of that that The President. Yes. And one or two oth- didn’t exist before. ers that became an issue even though we got Mr. King. Goes with the territory? a couple through. So I think that these stand- The President. Yes. And so I always say, ards are always being raised and heightened. if you want to get into this business, you need And I think, frankly, the process takes too to know who are, what you believe in, and long now. I talked to several Republicans and where you stand with what you believe be- Democrats who have no particular axe to cause you can’t let yourself be defined by grind now who think maybe it’s time to have what happens outside. a bipartisan look at this whole appointments Mr. King. The reports today are that it process. It’s entirely too—it takes too long was offered to Sam Nunn and he declined. to get somebody confirmed. It’s too bureau- True? cratic. You have two and three levels of inves- The President. Well, I can’t discuss that, tigation. I think it’s excessive. otherwise I would have to deal with all the other personalities I’ve considered, and so I Civil Rights don’t want to discuss personalities. Mr. King. In that area, are we going to Mr. King. Would you say he would be on get a Deputy Attorney General for Civil the list? Rights? The President. I will say this—that he The President. Well, I certainly expect would be a great Secretary of Defense, but one soon. The civil rights bar basically was he’s got an awfully influential position now. heavily involved in the nomination of the last We’ve been friends a long time. But let me candidate who withdrew. And the Attorney just say this: I’m going to proceed in a delib- General is working hard on it. And basically erate but fairly quick way to name a Secretary I’ve given her my proxy on the thing, ‘‘Just
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work with them. Work with people who are which is what I think people want in the At- committed to having a strong civil rights en- torney General. She’s got a steel backbone, forcement.’’ and she understands what really works. She, Interestingly enough, last year just when like all the rest of us—none of us are perfect; the Attorney General herself was in office we all make mistakes. But boy, she goes to and we didn’t have a full-time director of the work every day and really tries to do what’s division, civil rights enforcement was way up right for ordinary Americans. at record levels in many areas. So we’ve got Mr. King. So she’s staying? a good record, but I think it’s important to The President. If it’s up to me, she is. have somebody in there who’s good. I think she’s done a fine job. Mr. King. So you’re giving Janet Reno a proxy meeting—if she comes to you tomor- Secretary of State Warren Christopher row and says it’s ‘‘Joe Jones’’—— Mr. King. Rumors are part of this scheme. The President. This is the person I’d like Warren Christopher, is he in strong? to nominate, unless there’s some reason that The President. I think he’s done a good I shouldn’t, something I know that she job. And I think if you look at this last trip doesn’t know, then I will be strongly inclined we took to Europe, and you look at the work to go with her judgment. that he has done, along with others in the Mr. King. Of course, in your popularity national security and foreign policy team, the ratings, which, congratulations, keep going United States was very well received in Eu- up—went up today—you scored the highest rope on this trip. They know that we’re trying in the area of race relations. Does that sur- to unify Europe for the first time in history. prise you? Never in the whole history of Europe has The President. No. I think the American it not been divided. The divisions of Europe people know how much I care about it. It’s caused these two awful World Wars in this been a part of me ever since I was a little century, caused the cold war. We’ve got a child. It was a big part of my work as Gov- chance to unite it. We may not make it, but ernor. And I think the American people we’ve got a chance to unite it. know that I’m committed to both equality Mr. King. And he’s the right man in—— and excellence, that I want people without The President. And he has worked hard regard to their race to have a shot at the on that, that’s right. And I think he’s really brass ring in America. And I think also the done a good job with the Middle East peace. American people know that we can’t solve He’s managed this process. He’s been to the the other problems, the crime, the violence, Middle East a lot. And he’s got good strong the family breakdown, all these other things, support at the State Department. So I think unless we reach across the racial divides. We he’s done a good job. just can’t do it. We’re not going to make it if we don’t. President Boris Yeltsin of Russia Mr. King. What do you make of Mr. Attorney General Janet Reno Yeltsin’s grip there—strong? On a scale of Mr. King. About Ms. Reno—we keep 10, where would you rate it? reading—she goes up and down, and again The President. I think he’s got a strong these are pundits who say this. Where does grip because he’s got a 4-year term and a Janet Reno stand tonight, one year in? constitution which gives him more power, for The President. I think she’s terrific. I told example, than I have here, just pure legal her when she was hot as a firecracker, you power. I think that in the last election, a lot know, with the public and with the press of people who are not friendly to some of when she got here. And I was joking with his policies did very well, partly because the her once, I said, ‘‘You know, Janet, you go reformers didn’t campaign as one group and up and you go down in this business, and didn’t do a very good job in the mass media if you stay out there long enough, you’ll take and all that sort of stuff, partly because the a few licks.’’ And she’s taken a few licks, but average Russian’s having a tough time now. she has an enormous feel for simple justice, One of the things that I did when I was in
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Russia, and you know, through that town all of our homeless money early, so that all meeting—kind of like we do—and let people the State and local governments all around ask me questions, and I tried to establish here have got as much money as we can pos- some link between them and these processes sibly give them to take care of homelessness of reform that are sweeping the world. Be- and to try—— cause times are tough for them now. And Mr. King. Anticipating a tough winter? I think anytime times are tough—and keep The President. Yes, just try—on the event in mind, they’ve just been a democracy a lit- that it happened, we just wanted to get every- tle while. We’ve been at this 200 years. And body off the streets as much as we can. And we kind of feel haywire from time to time, we’re going to be looking for whatever else and we’ve been working at it for two cen- we can do now. There may be some other turies. They just got started. And so they problems in the next couple of days. We’re elected some pretty extremist people and praying and hoping it will get warmer. some people that are calling them to a past Mr. King. Nature humbles all of us. Hum- that is romanticized. And I think he’s going ble you, too? to have a challenging time. But I think if The President. Absolutely. I was looking they—he’s a very tough guy. He believes in at that interstate cracked open and those democracy. He’s on the right side of history. houses ruined in Los Angeles yesterday, and And I think he will continue to listen and I just remind you that we’re not in full con- learn and work, and I think he’ll do—— trol—— Mr. King. On the first anniversary of his Mr. King. A President brings hope to that, Presidency, a special addition of Larry King doesn’t he? Live with President Bill Clinton. Some more The President. I think so. talks and questions from me, and then he’ll Mr. King. And there’s a symbolic—— take your calls. Don’t go away. The President. Oh, absolutely. Yesterday [At this point, the network took a commercial I could see—thousands of people came out break.] to see me yesterday, to see the President, not Bill Clinton, the President. And I could Natural Disasters see their energy, their hope. And I have two Mr. King. We’re back to this talk with the jobs: One is to rally them by doing my job, President on this one-year anniversary. You and the other is doing my job. James Lee will notice that the White House is not as Witt, who runs the emergency management brightly lit as it is normally lit. The lights are of this country is doing a wonderful job, and a little dim. That’s because we are in a win- we work at that hard. And we owe that to ter—terrible situation here in—you can’t— those people. you have a lot of power, but you can’t do anything about ice storms. You can’t do any- Whitewater Development Corp. thing about zero degrees. Mr. King. More things current, special The President. That’s right. We haven’t counsel Robert Fiske appointed today by been asked to do as much as we were for Janet Reno, was that solely her appointment? the earthquake or the flood for that matter. The President. Oh, absolutely. I didn’t Mr. King. More people have died in the know anything about it. Northeast—— Mr. King. Do you know Mr. Fiske? The President. That’s right. It’s a 100-year The President. No. cold in a lot of these places. We have, first Mr. King. Going to cooperate fully? of all, tried to cut down on the Federal Gov- The President. Absolutely. Whatever they ernment’s power usage. We shut it down yes- want to do, we’ll be glad to do it. terday, shut it down today, and we’re going Mr. King. He says he’s going to probably to open late tomorrow and try to keep our take testimony from you and Hillary. power usage down so that we can give the The President. Whatever he wants to do. power to people in their homes. Secondly, The main thing I want to do is just have that the Secretary of Housing and Urban Devel- turned over to him so we can go back to opment Cisneros anticipating this, gave out work. I just want to do my job. I don’t want
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to be distracted by this anymore. I didn’t do was the bend-over-backwards right thing to anything wrong. Nobody’s ever even sug- do and what was appropriate at the time. But gested that I did. Everybody who’s talked let’s wait until the investigation is over. about it has suggested, as a matter of fact, That’ll all come out, and then if there are to the contrary, that I didn’t. But still, let questions about it, when the report’s made them look into it. I just want to go back to to the American people, I can answer ques- work. tions about it then. Mr. King. Was it unfair, the press, or was it fair? Was it a story? Is it a story? Gore-Perot Debate The President. Well, let’s wait until it’s Mr. King. The night of the NAFTA debate all over, and then maybe I’ll have something and the passage of NAFTA, were you at all to say then. The main thing is, it’s important surprised at how well Al Gore did? that I not be distracted from the job of being The President. Oh, no. President. That’s what I owe the American Mr. King. Because he had, you know, this people. I’ve got to get up everyday, no matter wooden image and—— what else is going on, and try to give every- The President. Yes, but I knew—— thing I have to moving this country forward Mr. King. ——people were predicting to changing this country for the better. And that Perot would beat him—— this will take the onus, if you will, off of that. The President. I thought he would be People will know it’s being handled in that great here if he had a fair chance and an way, and then I can just go back to work, honest debate. You know, he’s like all the which is what I want to happen. rest of us, sometimes we pick up images that Mr. King. In all candidness, a special are on occasion right but not fully accurate. counsel should have been appointed sooner, And this image of him as sort of wooden and do you think? stiff, anybody who really knows him will tell The President. Well—— you he is very funny, he has a terrific sense Mr. King. I mean, it would have certainly of humor, he’s got an incredibly flexible taken the story down. mind, and the reason I like this debate for- The President. It would have. I was con- mat that you provided is that no one could cerned in the beginning about agreeing to shout anyone else down. I mean, they were it when—for the first time ever, no one all sitting here real close, you know. You were ever—people were saying, ‘‘We know you sitting here. Everybody got to talk. Every- didn’t do anything wrong, so appoint a special body got to answer questions. And I knew counsel.’’ It wasn’t, ‘‘There’s this evidence of two things: I knew he knew a lot about it; wrong doing. Were you involved in it or I knew he believed very deeply in the posi- something like that.’’ But it was a much big- tion that we had taken. It wasn’t just some- ger story here, and then eventually around thing he was saying, ‘‘Well, I’m the Vice the country, I think, than I had anticipated. President, and Bill Clinton is for NAFTA, So the important thing for me, again, was and I’ve got to be.’’ He believed it deep down for people to feel comfortable about the way in his bones. And I knew that he would feel it’s handled so I can go back to work. And comfortable and confident. So I liked it. You I think now people will feel comfortable know, he and I were—we might have been about the way it’s handled, and I can go to in the minority in our administration when work. this whole thing was first—[laughter]—— Mr. King. The one thing most people are Mr. King. To do that was his idea, and asking is they’ll learn more about this, be- he asked you to okay—— cause it is involved, obviously, is why you The President. He said, ‘‘What do you took a loss and didn’t take a deduction since think about it?’’ And I immediately said, ‘‘I everybody who has a loss takes a deduction. think it’s a terrific idea.’’ And so we were The President. Well, that will come out sort of like salesmen in our own house. in the—I think we took some interest deduc- Mr. King. But the handlers said no. tions along, which were part of our losses, The President. Well, no, some of them but at the end I did basically what we thought did, not all of them but some of them. But
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we were beginning to make progress. You The President’s Health know, we were beginning to pick up votes Mr. King. Welcome back to Larry King already. But we were doing it by basically Live. By the way, the President was fully pre- saying to Members of Congress, ‘‘You know pared to go 90 minutes tonight, but he is this is right, and you know it’s in the national very tired. As you might imagine, this has interest, and you ought to do it even if it’s been a back-breaking schedule with the unpopular in the short run.’’ We felt, he and death of his mother, the funeral, overseas, I both did, that this debate here, this discus- back home, full physical, and we mean full sion on your program, would be the only physical, right?—you had what they call top- chance we’d ever have to kind of break to-toe—and then out to L.A. So we under- through to ordinary Americans who watch stand fully, and we’ll get to as many calls as you and listen to you and just want to know. we can. And that’s really what—that’s what you did. How was the physical, okay? You gave us a chance to talk to everyday The President. Great. Americans. And he was really—and I was so Mr. King. Okay, Chevy Chase, Maryland, proud of him. I mean, he was really wonder- with President Clinton. Hello. ful. Mr. King. Do you think we might see Somalia someday a President debate? Q. Yes, Mr. President, what do you say The President. Well, it could be. Cer- to those who say that you and your adminis- tainly if I run for reelection I’ll expect—— tration have not done a good job about Soma- Mr. King. No, I don’t mean that. I mean lia? And given the fact that the Somalis don’t major issues coming up for a vote—health trust the UNISOM, Somalia is bound to go care—— back to where it was before the U.S. inter- The President. It could be. vention. Mr. King. ——you and Senator Dole, or Thank you. someone, someone of the leadership, where Mr. King. Thank you. a President would sit down and say, ‘‘Let’s The President. Well, I think we have discuss it with the opposition.’’ I don’t think done a good job in Somalia. We’ve saved a that’s ever happened in this country. lot of lives there. But when we went there The President. It might not—I wouldn’t it was primarily for a humanitarian purpose be afraid of doing it. I wouldn’t want to com- to try to save the lives. I was told when I mit in advance just because I would want became President that we might be able to to make sure it was the right thing to do at withdraw the American troops as early as one the time. But you know, I run a remarkably month, 2 months into my term. We’ve now open Presidency. I ran for this job because been a full year, and as you know, we’ve got I wanted to get the economy going, I wanted a few more months to go before we withdraw to get the country back together again and our troops. But the thing that caused the star- I wanted people to believe that their Govern- vation in Somalia in the beginning was that ment belonged to them again and that we a lot of people identified with their clans could be more open and accessible to them. more than the country as a whole, and they And I’ve tried to do that. The day after I were fighting each other. What we have done was inaugurated we opened the White House is to set in motion a process in which the to just folks to come in. And tonight in an- clans can agree to a peaceable way of govern- other way we’re opening the White House ing the country among themselves. And if again. they don’t do that, we’d have to stay forever. Mr. King. And we’re going to do that right And we can’t do that. So in the end, the peo- away. When we come back you can call in ple of Somalia are going to have to take re- and talk to the President of the United States sponsibility for themselves and their future. on this special edition of Larry King Live. And in the meanwhile we’ll keep working to Don’t go away. try to keep as many of them alive as we can. [At this point, the network took a commercial Mr. King. To Plantation, Florida, with break.] President Clinton. Hello.
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Trade little-bitty kids. He was a remarkable man. Q. Good evening, President Clinton. How And I miss him. would you like to lower the country’s trade Mr. King. This special counsel says he’s deficit and balance the payments by giving going to look into that, too. Is that fair game? all Americans and all businesses tax deduc- The President. Well, I think because he tions for buying American products, by defi- had some files that were relevant to—I think nition 90 percent made in America with 90 he has to look into what was there, and he’ll percent parts made in America and 90 per- just—whatever he wants to do, you know, cent profits going to American companies? let him do that. That’s not my business to Mr. King. Would that work? comment on. The President. I wonder whether it would Mr. King. Detroit, Michigan, for Presi- even be—— dent Clinton. Hello. Mr. King. Legal? Q. Hello, President Clinton. Congratula- The President. Yes. It would certainly, I tions on your one year in office, and many think, violate some of our international trade more. agreements, and it might cause others to re- The President. Thank you. taliate against us. I would like to lower our Crime trade deficit, at least that which is structural and permanent. Our biggest problems are Q. I live in Detroit where we have had with Japan and now with China. 629 murders in our State, and I would like Mr. King. Are you going over there? to know what can you do or help us about The President. Yes, we’re working on this issue? And I would just like to congratu- both of them. I understand what he’s saying, late you. You’ve been a President that has and we do have certain ‘‘buy America’’ pref- said what you’re going to do, and you have erences in our law, but we have to be very done it. And regardless of what the media careful how far we go without violating the bashing, I thank you for all that you have treaties and agreements we made with other done. countries who take our products freely. The President. Thank you, ma’am. First of all, let me say that you call from Deputy Counsel Vincent Foster, Jr. Detroit, which has had a lot of murders. And Mr. King. By the way, something just hit the Children’s Defense Fund said today that me, and it occurred in the last year. The last a child is killed with a gun every other hour time we were here was the night Vince Fos- in this country now. ter died. It was 6 months—— Mr. King. Unbelievable. The President. Six months ago, tonight. The President. Unbelievable, but it’s true. Mr. King. Six months ago, tonight. Do we But this lady could have called from many know a lot more than we did before? other cities in the country and small towns, The President. I don’t think we know any- too. more than we did in the beginning because Let me tell you what I think we can do I just really don’t believe there is anymore together. First of all, we’ve got to strengthen to know. You know, he left a note; he was our law enforcement forces. You’ve got a profoundly depressed. great new Mayor in Detroit in Dennis Ar- Mr. King. You didn’t know it? cher. He’s a longtime friend of mine. I read The President. No. And I talked to his inaugural address the other day. It was him—— a brilliant way of getting Detroit together and Mr. King. The night before, right? getting started. But we have to put more po- The President. No, I think 2 nights before lice officers on the street, well trained, and and told him to come see me. Or maybe it working with people in the communities, was the night before, and I told him to come walking the blocks, working with the kids, see me on Wednesday, which was the day preventing crime as well as catching crimi- after he shot himself. It broke my heart. nals. Our crime bill will put 100,000 more We’d been friends for more than 40 years. police officers on the street. It’s the first pri- We lived next to each other when we were ority for Congress when they come back.
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Secondly, we passed the Brady bill, but The President. No, no. Lebanon was not we need to do more on guns. Specifically, the price for peace. He agreed that as part we need to limit these automatic, semiauto- of a comprehensive peace agreement, we matic assault weapons that have no purpose should implement the Taif Accord, which as other than to kill. And I hope we can reach you know, calls for an independent Lebanon, an accord with the sportsmen and quit argu- free of all foreign forces. And President Asad ing about things that are false issues and get clearly said that if he could be satisfied from an agreement on what the problem is and his point of view in having a comprehensive how to attack it. peace agreement with Israel, Israel would Thirdly, people who are repeated serious also have to have an agreement with Leb- violent offenders shouldn’t be paroled. anon, an agreement with Jordan, and obvi- And fourthly, you’ve got to give these kids ously the agreement with the PLO and that something to say ‘‘yes’’ to. That is, we have Lebanon in the end would be left a free and got to go into these really distressed areas independent state, independent of all foreign and rebuild the bonds of family, community, forces. We talked about that quite explicitly, and work. There’s got to be education oppor- and he was quite clear in saying that he tunities. There’s got to be job opportunities. would support that. There’s got to be alternatives to imprison- ment, like boot camps. There needs to be President Hafiz al-Asad of Syria drug treatment and drug education pro- Mr. King. Was it tough to sit with Asad grams. We can’t have it all on the punish- who has been on a list of—as a terror leader ment. These children have to have something for years? I mean, I know Presidents have to say ‘‘yes’’ to. If you look at a lot of these to do things—was that hard? high crime areas where the gangs and the The President. Well, it wasn’t an easy drugs and the guns are, they fill the vacuum. meeting. I mean, I knew it would be a chal- When family collapses, when work collapses, lenging and a difficult meeting. And I think most of us organize our lives around work, the most important thing for me was to make family, community. And a lot of these young it clear that I—my overriding agenda was to people that are in real trouble today and real- do whatever I could to make an honorable, ly vulnerable are living in places where decent, lasting peace in the Middle East. there’s not enough community, enough fam- Mr. King. Do you think he was sincere? ily, or enough work. So I think we have to The President. Yes, I think he really wants do both things. And then next year or this to make peace. I think there are a lot of rea- year now, I’m going to ask the Congress to sons why it’s in the interests of the Syrian work with me and then work with the may- people and in his own interest to do it, and ors, the Governors, and others to really get I think he does. I also made it clear that we serious about this. We’ve got to do something still had real differences between us in our about it, and we’ve got a program that will bilateral relations, and one of them was what make a difference. we feel about terrorism. And we talked about Mr. King. To Auckland, New Zealand, it for an hour. And he gave his side, and I with President Clinton. Hello. gave mine. But the American people are enti- Q. Greetings from New Zealand, Mr. tled to know that. We talked about it for an President. hour—— The President. How are you, sir? Mr. King. Did he deny that he—— The President. We didn’t skirt it. He did in a way, and he defined it in a different Lebanon way, and he made some arguments about Q. I’m good; how are you? In your Geneva what Syria has done and not done. But the meeting with President Asad of Syria, did you point is, we got it out on the table. He said ask him for a withdrawal of the Syrian forces what he thought; I said what I thought. And from Lebanon, or a least at time schedule, maybe most important, we agreed that our or Lebanon’s going to be the price for peace Secretary of State, Warren Christopher, and with Israel? Thank you. their Foreign Minister, Mr. Shara, would
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meet and really try to get beyond the charges to pay something for their part-time workers, to very specific things, that we would come too. I think that’s only fair. forward with specific instances of things that Mr. King. Back with more of this con- we believe have been done that are a viola- versation with the President on his one-year tion of international law that cannot be toler- in office on Larry King Live. He said he’d ated, and we would try to work through be with us every 6 months—holding right to them. So I think that it was an honorable it—he was with us July 20th, this is January meeting from my point of view and from the 20th. We’ll be right back. point of view of the United States because [At this point, the network took a commercial of that. break.] Mr. King. New York City for President Clinton. Hello. Mr. King. We’re back with the President of the United States, Bill Clinton. More Health Care Reform phone calls—Hawaii. Hello. Q. A lot of companies are hiring people Q. Yes, aloha, Larry, and Mr. President. on a part-time or temporary basis because Mr. King. Aloha. they don’t want to give them benefits. Under Q. This is the big island. Mr. President, your health care plan, how will people who in regards to sympathy for your mother, I work part-time or freelance have their bene- had the opportunity to see your mother catch fits paid for? a fish when she was over here, and she’s quite The President. That’s a great question. a fisherwoman. A great, great lady. I’m sorry Let me answer the question and make a gen- to hear about that. eral point. First of all, under our health care The President. She loved that tour- plan, part-time workers will be covered partly nament. by their employers if they work more than 10 hours a week. They will pay a portion of North Korea their premiums. And then the rest of the pre- Q. In regards to Korea, what’s the possibil- mium will be paid for out of a Government ity of the Koreans getting a nuclear weapon fund set up for that purpose. But part-time and maybe possibly striking Hawaii first since workers will be covered, and their employers that’s part of the United States now? What will have to pay something for their coverage, would the—— too. I think that’s only fair. Also, if we can Mr. King. Yes, what is the current status do something to slow the dramatic increase of North Korea? in the cost of health care and to make sure The President. Well, first let me say, all workers are covered, that, I think, will thank you to the gentleman from Hawaii for help to stabilize this trend, and more and the condolences for my mother, and mine more employers will be willing to hire new to the mother of the Governor of Hawaii who workers on a full-time basis. passed away today. A wonderful woman. And let me say, we’re beginning to see that The Korean—let me just tell you, if you now. Since I became President and we got follow the press you know that the intel- serious about bringing the deficit down, ligence reports are divided on the question bringing interest rates down, getting invest- of how far the North Koreans have gone in ment up, and employment started coming developing a nuclear weapon. But everybody again, as confidence gets back into this econ- knows they are trying to. Even if they de- omy, then employers will be able to hire velop one, then there’s the question of their more full-time workers. Then this year, what delivery capacity, which is in doubt. I have to be able to do is to show the business I wouldn’t say Hawaii is in serious danger community that this health care plan of ours right now. What I would say is that we need is going to stabilize health care costs while to keep working very hard and to be very providing health care for all Americans firm about not wanting Korea to join the fam- through a guaranteed private insurance sys- ily of nuclear states. You know, I’ve been out tem, not a Government system but a private here working to reduce the number of coun- system. But we have to ask the employers tries with nuclear weapons, with Ukraine and
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Kazakhstan and Belarus committing to get lier, I can deal with it. The only thing that rid of their weapons. We are now involved really steams me is what it does to my wife in intense negotiations, and the only thing and my daughter, to my family. As a person, I can tell you is we’re working as hard as that bothers me. But it is not undermining we can to be as firm as we can and then our ability to go forward. Does it take time to be as also as firm as we can about the and attention, is it distracting, is it costly in security of our people and the South Koreans that sense? You bet it is. It apparently is a in the event all does not go well. But we part of the price of being in public life in are working very hard, and I certainly have the late 20th century in the United States. not given up yet on getting the North Kore- So we deal with it. But I just want you to ans to go back into the NPT system and know that having you call just redoubles my agreeing to let the International Atomic En- determination. And I thank you for that. ergy inspectors in there to look at what Mr. King. Forth Worth, Texas. Hello. they’re doing. They ought to do it. The country is so isolated. They’re isolated Bosnia economically. Even China used to be a big Q. Mr. President, I was wondering what ally of theirs. China now does 8 or 10 times the progress on our situation with Bosnia- as much trade with South Korea as with Herzegovina was? And what has happened North Korea. And I think they believe that to the sense of urgency we once had with somehow this gives them some handle on na- that problem? tional prestige. I think their best way to be The President. Well, the United States esteemed in the rest of the world is to be had a position, as you know. When I took a good citizen and give the rest of us a chance office I offered the Europeans my position, to relate to them. what I thought we ought to do, how I thought Mr. King. Birmingham, Alabama. Hello. we ought to do it to get a quicker peace and if not get peace, at least to give the govern- Criticism of the President ment of that country a chance to defend Q. President Clinton, I find your political itself. The Europeans disagreed and stoutly opponents’ relentless efforts to undermine resisted. I did not believe that we could uni- the credibility of your administration abso- laterally or should unilaterally send ground lutely appalling. How much does this cost the troops there. I still think that was the right American citizen in terms of wasted time and decision. money? And does it affect the U.S. in the So let me tell you where it is now. First international community? of all, don’t forget what we have done. We The President. Well, first I thank you for have led the longest airlift in history, now your sentiments and your support. And the longer than the Berlin airlift, to give food most important thing of all is that the Amer- and medicine to the people there. Secondly, ican people be able to see through it. When we have enforced a ferocious embargo which they see the politics of personal destruction, has cost the Serbs, in particular, dearly. It when they see people who obviously don’t has virtually wrecked the Serbian economy. want to talk about how we’re going to get They continue to fight, but they have paid this economy going or how we’re going to a terrible price for it economically. And get health care to all Americans or how we’re thirdly, we have tried to work with our allies going to deal with the other problems, crime at NATO to say that we would use air power in the streets, that they see it for what it is. if Sarajevo were subject to shelling and stran- I think that abroad, frankly, our adminis- gulation again. And finally, we’re supporting tration and me, that I personally, that we’re the peace process. I hope the parties will able to do what we need to do for the United agree. You see, the Serbs and the Croats have States. I was very gratified at the reception agreed now. The government had been los- that I received in Europe and in Russia and ing on the ground. They’d been making some throughout our travels. It does take time and gains so they’ve not agreed to any peace— attention and distraction when you’re dealing or they’re going to have to give, I think, to with all that stuff, but as I said to Larry ear- Moslems, some access to the water in order
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to get a peace agreement. They’re a little The President. Thank you. closer than I think it looks, but eventually they’re going to have to agree to that or the NOTE: The interview began at 9 p.m. in the Li- fighting will go on. brary at the White House. A tape was not available Mr. King. Are you optimistic? for verification of the content of this interview. The President. Oh, I’ve learned not to be optimistic there. I was optimistic a time or two and had my hopes dashed. Exchange With Reporters Prior to Mr. King. ——got to take a break. Discussions With King Hussein of The President. But the people are still Jordan killing each other because they’re fighting January 21, 1994 over land. They’re going to have to reach a territorial accommodation so that all three of Russia those ethnic groups can live with a reason- Q. Mr. President, with the key reformers able breathing room there. out of the Russian Government, does that Mr. King. We’ll be back with our remain- mean that radical reform is over in Russia? ing moments with President Clinton right The President. I wouldn’t go that far. Al- after this. ready Russia has privatized more rapidly than [At this point, the network took a commercial any of the other former Communist coun- break.] tries. They have a much higher rate of privat- ization than any of the other countries. But The Presidency what we’re concerned about obviously is Mr. King. We’re running out of time. Big- whether they will be able to manage their gest hope as we enter the second year of the inflation problem. And I think the Secretary Presidency. of the Treasury said it the best: We’re going The President. That we can get health to support democracy, and we’re going to care for all Americans. support the fact that Russia respects its rela- Mr. King. Biggest fear? tionships with other nations, and those are The President. That democracy will face fundamental to our interest. How much eco- reversal somewhere in the world and dash nomic help they can get from the inter- my hopes of having a more peaceful world national community will be directly related that has more trade opportunities and less to what kinds of reforms they decide to un- military dangers for the United States. dertake. And that I think is the best connec- Mr. King. Are you happy? tion. They’ll have to make those decisions for The President. Oh yes, and grateful for themselves. the chance to serve and grateful that we’re Q. Mr. President, the reformers who were making progress. I know a lot of Americans pushed out were in favor of curbing inflation are still in trouble, and their lives haven’t by cutting subsidies. The people who are been affected yet, but at least we’re facing staying on are the people who fear unem- these tough issues that have been ignored ployment. Which is a bigger threat, and do for too long, and everybody here gets up and you favor cutting subsidies or easing the cuts? goes to work every day and works like crazy The President. As I said, that’s a decision and I think in a spirit of genuine hopefulness. they’ll have to make. But what we offered Mr. King. Some said that you even like to do and what we still offer to do is to try the bad days. I mean, you like this job, right? to help set up the sort of job training and The President. I like the job. I’m grateful unemployment and other systems, support for the opportunity to serve. The bad days systems, that any market economy has to are part of it. I didn’t run to have a pleasant have. You can’t blame them for being con- time. I ran to have a chance to change the cerned about the consequences of going to country. And if the bad days come with it, a market economy if they’re not able to cope that’s part of life. And it’s humbling and edu- with them. And they need it, and so do all cational. It keeps you in your place. the other countries. And we’re prepared to Mr. King. Thank you, Mr. President. help do what we can. But they’ll have to chart
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their course, and then we’ll be there to try Digest of Other to be supportive. White House Announcements Middle East Peace Process Q. Your Majesty, after the signing of the The following list includes the President’s public accords, the economic accords between the schedule and other items of general interest an- PLO and the Jordanians and other agree- nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and ments, how do you see the coordination con- not included elsewhere in this issue. tinuing, and when do you expect to meet with Mr. Yasser Arafat? And how do you see the January 141 peace process going in the next peace round, The President named Michael Gillette ans sir? the first Director of the Support Implemen- King Hussein. I believe that—[inaudi- tation Group (SIG) ble]—very, very well and recent develop- ments of—[inaudible]—encouraging. As far Janaury 15 as coordinating the Palestinian—[inaudible]. In the morning, the President participated And it’s all part of the—[inaudible]—every- in a formal departure ceremony at St. one, I believe is, the majority of the people Georges Hall in Moscow. Following the cere- are convinced that this is the time and that mony, the President and Hillary and Chelsea you must move rapidly to—[inaudible]. But Clinton traveled to Minsk, Belarus. we’re working on our agenda and all the Following an arrival ceremony in the late items there, and I hope that the crowning morning, the President met with Chairman achievement will be a peace treaty. Stanislav Shushkevich of Belarus in the Blue Q. Can you see a future meeting or a near Room at the Voyskovoy Four. At the conclu- meeting between Your Majesty and Presi- sion of their meeting, they participated in a dent Yasser Arafat soon and continued co- U.S.-Belarus investment treaty signing cere- ordination? mony. King Hussein. [Inaudible]. In the afternoon, the President met with Prime Minister Vyacheslav Kebich of Belarus NOTE: The exchange began at 11:15 a.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. A tape was not in the Blue Room. The President then met available for verification of the content of this ex- with opposition leaders in the upstairs suite change. at the Voyskovoy Four. Later that afternoon, he went to Victory Square where he placed a wreath at the World War II Memorial. Letter to Congressional Leaders on In the late afternoon, the President went Adjustment of the Deficit to the Kuropaty Memorial where he partici- January 21, 1994 pated in a candlelight remembrance cere- mony in honor of the thousands of Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) Belarusians who were killed during the reign Pursuant to section 254(c) of the Balanced of former Russian leader Joseph Stalin. Fol- Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act lowing the ceremony, the President and Hil- of 1985, as amended (‘‘Act’’) (2 U.S.C. lary and Chelsea Clinton traveled to Geneva, 904(c)), notification is hereby provided of my Switzerland. decision that the adjustment of the maximum In the evening, the President met with deficit amount, as allowed under section President Otto Stich of Switzerland at the 253(g)(1)(B) of the Act (2 U.S.C. Intercontinental Hotel. 903(g)(1)(B)), shall be made. Sincerely, January 16 William J. Clinton In the afternoon, the President attended a reception at the U.S. Mission. NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. Foley, Speaker of the House of Representatives, 1 This announcement was not received in time and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate. for inclusion in the appropriate issue.
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In the evening, the President and Hillary NOTE: No nominations were submitted to the and Chelsea Clinton returned to Washing- Senate during the period covered by this issue. ton, DC. January 18 In the morning, the President went to Be- thesda Naval Hospital where he underwent Checklist a routine physical examination. of White House Press Releases In the afternoon, the President had phone conversations with Chancellor Helmut Kohl The following list contains releases of the Office of Germany and King Fahd of Saudia Arabia. of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as January 19 items nor covered by entries in the Digest of Other White House Announcements. In the morning, the President traveled to Los Angeles, CA, where he surveyed the damage caused by a severe earthquake on Released January 14 1 January 17 and met with southern California Annex to the January 14 Trilateral Statement residents. by the Presidents of the United States, Rus- In the afternoon, the President partici- sia, and Ukraine pated in discussions on disaster relief with Federal, State, and local officials. White House statement on the Support Im- In the late evening, the President returned plementation Group to Washington, DC. Statement by Senior Adviser to the Presi- dent, Bruce R. Lindsey, on additional mate- January 20 rials turned over to the Justice Department The White House announced that the President has authorized additional measures Released January 15 to respond to the immediate needs of the Transcript of a press briefing by Director of victims of the southern California earth- Communications Mark Gearan quake. Released January 17 January 21 In the evening, the President and Hillary Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- and Chelsea Clinton went to Camp David, retary Dee Dee Myers MD, for the weekend. Released January 18 The White House announced the Presi- dent will hold a private meeting with Chan- Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee cellor Helmut Kohl of Germany on January Myers on the President’s physical examina- 31 during the Chancellor’s visit to Washing- tion ton. Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee The White House announced that Presi- Myers releasing letters relating to the Presi- dent Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan dent’s health will pay an official working visit to the U.S. on February 14–15. Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee The White House announced the Presi- Myers on the President’s telephone con- dent had a telephone conversation with versations with Chancellor Helmut Kohl of President Guntis Ulmanis of Latvia on Janu- Germany and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia ary 20. January 19 Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers on the President’s planned meeting with King Hussein of Jordon and January 21 Nominations Submitted to the Senate 1 These releases were not received in time for inclusion in the appropriate issue.
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Released January 21 versation with President Guntis Ulmanis of Latvia Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Dee Dee Myers Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers on the President’s action to alleviate Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee long lines and long waits at Disaster Applica- Myers on the President’s plans to meet with tion Centers in southern California Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany on Jan- uary 31 White House statement on action by Argen- tina and Chile to bring the Latin American Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Nuclear-Weapons Free Zone into force Myers on the President’s notice to Congress of a technical adjustment in the fiscal year 95 ‘‘maximum deficit amount’’ Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Acts Approved Myers on President Nursultan Nazarbayev of by the President Kazakhstan planned working’s visit on Feb- ruary 14–15 NOTE: No acts approved by the President were Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee received by the Office of the Federal Register Myers on the President’s telephone con- during the period covered by this issue.
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