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165˚W 150˚W 135˚W 120˚W 105˚W 90˚W 75˚W 60˚W 45˚W 30˚W 15˚W 0˚ 15˚E 30˚E 45˚E 60˚E 75˚E 90˚E 105˚E 120˚E 135˚E 150˚E 165˚E 180˚ Alert DISTANCes Arctic Ocean « Si c’était à refaire, je signerais tout Arctic Ocean de suite. C’est une expérience unique (km) Paris New York Los Angeles San Jose Cordoba Sydney Shanghai Bangkok Bangalore Zanzibar Accra Le Cap dans une vie, et incroyablement Paris - 5.831 9.077 8.910 11.079 16.950 9.256 9.438 7.842 7.082 4.819 9.335 bénéfique. On apprend sur soi, on voit des choses magnifiques, on découvre New York 5.831 - 3.933 3.561 5.745 15.977 11.850 13.923 13.357 12.391 8.235 12.555 d’autres cultures, on rencontre un Los Angeles 9.077 3.933 - 4.386 9.213 12.065 10.428 13.293 14.513 16.130 12.164 16.038 Severnaya tas de gens et on apprend à les com- San Jose 8.910 3.561 4.386Zemlya - 5.058 13.797 14.679 17.321 16.749 13.752 9.225 11.762 prendre. Travelling around the world Franz Josef Land Cordoba 11.079 5.745 9.213 5.058 - 11.854 19.464 17.495 19.465 10.896 7.910 7.505 has been amazing ! » Nicolas Sydney 16.950 15.977 12.065 13.797 11.854 - 7.877 7.531 9.345 11.607 15.692 11.004 (Tour du Monde sur mesure : Shanghai 9.256 11.851 10.428 14.680 19.465 7.877 - 2.886 4.909 9.627 12.598 12.967 Thaïlande - Chine - Australie - États- Bangkok 9.438 13.923 13.293 17.321 17.494 7.531 2.886 - 2.480 7.116 11.004 10.139 Unis - Guatemala - Pérou) Barentsburg Bangalore 7.842 13.357 14.513 16.749 19.465 9.345 4.909 2.480 - 4.743 8.544 8.133 Chelyuskin Zanzibar 7.082 12.391 16.130 13.752 10.896 11.607 9.626 7.116 4.743 - 4.560 3.751 Queen Elizabeth Islands Le Tour du Monde avec WEP, Greenland Sea Svalbard Accra 4.819 8.235 12.164 9.225 7.910 15.692 12.598 11.004 8.544 4.560 - 4.803 Mould Bay Le Cap 9.335 12.555 16.038 11.762 7.505 11.004 12.967 10.139 8.133 3.751 4.803 - c’est l’aventure de votre vie! Grise Dudas Novosibirskiye Ostrova Fiord TODAY HERE, « Chaque jour est différent et je Laptev Sea Choisissez l’un de nos itinéraires ou TOMORROW THE WORLD ! découvre toujours quelque chose Novaya Zemlya 75˚N Greenland 75˚N imaginez le vôtre...et multipliez les Resolute de nouveau car je bouge tout le expériences aux 4 coins du monde. temps ! Je profite à fond de mon voyage !» Charlotte Dikson Sagastyr Syndasko Arctic Bay Beaufort Sea (Tour du Monde : Minimax) Ust'-Olenek Stannakh-Khocho Novorybnoye Pond Kara Sea Starorybnoye Taymylyr East Siberian Sea Inlet Baffin Bay Khatanga Bykovskiy Yukagir Sachs Harbour Upernavik Kujalleo Sklad Tiksi Wrangel Island Barrow Nizhneyansk Jan Mayen Barents Sea Berlevag Tumat Wainwright Hammerfest Nayba Chokurdakh Logashkino Ittoqqortoormiit Vardo Vaygach Kular Deadhorse Victoria Tana Kaktovik Cape Parry Baffin Prudhoe Bay Nesseby Island Siktyakh Ust'-Kuyga Yanranay Billings Island Alta Amderma Sagwon Tromso Porsangmoen Cambridge Talnakh Omchikandya Pevek Umiat Dudinka Namy Ambarchik Krasnoarmeyskoye Bay Taloyoak Sorreisa Nikel' Andryushkino Chukchi Sea Lena Tuktoyaktuk Malselv Kautokeino Nautsi Severomorsk Ust'-Kara Yenisey Noril'sk Pokhodsk Petushki Harstad Bardu Varandey Saydy Kolymskaya Alaska Tobseda Rytkuchi Narvik Ivalo Murmansk Inuvik Evenes Aleko-Kyuyel' Nizhnekolymsk Point Hope Anaktuvuk Pass Syagannakh Lovozero Gremikha Bilibino Arctic Village Hamaroy Kiruna Monchegorsk Nosovaya Khal'mer-Yu Khonu Druzhina Svatay Ostrovnoye Kugluktuk Steigen Kirovsk Komsomol'skiy Vorkuta Sylgy-Ytar Keperveyem Kivalina Wiseman Fort Mcpherson Norwegian Sea Indiga Igarka Batagay MacKenzie Bodo Apatity Oksino Laborovaya Vagan Vostochnoye Munozero Srednekolymsk Kobuk Venetie Bathhurst Inlet Sisimiut Storvik Pajala Alakurtti Yeletskiy Kulun-Yelbyut Kotzebue Bettles Repulse Bay Jokkmokk Labytnangi Khonu Beaver Chalkyitsik Raufarhofn Rovaniemi Khonu Selawik Fort Good Hope Sweden Overkalix Keret' Kuzomen' Denisovka Abez' Nunavut Pangnirtung Nesna Overtornea Dalvik Thorshofn Kuusamo Inta Yangiyegan Sobolokh Shishmaref Hughes Great Bear L. Echo Bay Pitlyar Huslia Yukon Stevens Village Vopnafjordhur Boden Kemi Mezen' Werch Zyryanka Ammassalik Grane Sorsele Kosyu Turukhansk Wales Taylor Rampart Circle Hot Springs Skagastrond Borgarfjorour Kozhim Muzhi Nadym Norman Wells Maniitsoq Somna Ob' Tanana Ust'-Izhma Nelemnoye Kanchalan Hvammstangi Eskifjordhur Storuman Lulea Kozhva Predporozhnyy Teller Koyuk Fairbanks Yukon Olafsvik Pitea Oulu Izhma Tarko-Sale Iceland Skelleftehamn Pertominsk Gorki Kazymskiy Mys Ol'chan Glukharinyy Anadyr' Nome Eagle Territory Coral Hof Djupivogur Ust'-Nera Long Namsos Archangel Kadzherom Balagachchy Oroyek Ugol'nyy Northwest Harbour Dorotea Skelleftea Kajaani Tura Chicken Reykjavik Severodvinsk Nel'kan Healy Dawson Kopavogur Hofn Irayel' Ust'-Shchuger Berezovo Russia Siyegen-Kyuyel' MacKenzie Umea Finland Kedon Poorman Iqaluit Njardvik Ozernaya Unalakleet Mayo Territories Godthab Steinkjer Onega Sos'va Sayylyk Savoonga Dot Lake Kirkjubaejarklaustur Trondheim Kokkola Segezha Blagoyevo Yarega Dutovo Numto Denali Are Khampa Aldan Saint Michael Kristiansund Ostersund Noyabr'sk Nyurba Ebya Yukon Ophir Paxson Vik Bulus Ust'-Khakchan Yukon Rankin Inlet Aure Selbu Kuopio Pindushi Peregrebnoye Tetlin Reliance Vaasa Woiwosh Tumul Adygalakh Seymchan Shageluk Takotna Gjemnes Harnosand Outokumpu Sogra Troitsko-Pechorsk Andra Kyuerelyakh Namtsy Oklan Alakanuk Yellowknife Teplyy Klyuch Talkeetna Chistochina Molde Mikun' Sergino Kogalym Saksun Vagur Alesund Jyvaskyla Pomozdino Mirnyy Spornoye Orotukan Kamenskoye Flat Nabesna Carmacks Ivujivik Asyma Ogorodtakh Saint Marys Fort Simpson Orstavik Norway Sundsvall Yaksha Gizhiga Willow Paamiut Petrozavodsk Krasnoleninskaya Novoagansk Yakutsk Great Faroe Islands Floro Rendalen Hudiksvall Tampere Okhotskiy Perevoz Strelka Burkot Stony River Sovetskiy Surgut Anchorage Aishihik Slave L. Narsarsuaq Vagur Soderhamn Burmantovo Sinskoye Pokrovsk Askvoll Mikkeli Lappeenranta Vytegra Vel'sk Vizinga Syktyvkar Myakit Talaya Fort Providence Polunochnoye Nizhnevartovsk Tit-Ary Napakiak Valdez Haines Junction Canada Arsuk Gjovik Gavle Nyrob Megion Lensk Amga Soldotna Dale Strezhevoy Atka Toksook Bay Hay River Bergen Turku Olekminsk Isit' El'dikan Apuka Eek Fort Liard Port Burwell Borlange Gayny Massava Ulu Teslin Nanortalik Helsinki Shaim Tsingaly Aleksandrovskoye Ust'-Maya Palatka Vyvenka Seward Lower Post Fort Smith Shetland Islands Oslo Severo-Yeniseyskiy Pedro Bay Cape Yakataga Lerwick Kirillov Oparino Uray Takhtoyamsk Atlin Tot'ma Solikamsk Serov Sokol 60˚N Quinhagak Uranium City Haugesund Magadan Tymlat 60˚N Klukwan Hay Camp Skien Stockholm Tallinn Kondinskoye Ob' Okhotsk Togiak Seldovia Nelson Forks St. Petersburg Gari Palana Levelock Hudson Bay Kirkwall Baltic Sea Estonia Vokhma Kezhma Yakokut Tommot Ossora Platinum Ekuk Haines Churchill Kuujjuaq Orebro Jarve Vologda Chermoz Berezniki Kargasok Thurso Stavanger Novgorod Kirov Kamenka Irkineyevo Lena Ouzinkie Fort Nelson Tartu Tabory Belyy Yar Angara Yllymakh Fort Chipewyan Stornoway Norrkoping Medvedchikovo Parabel' Mama Vitimskiy Ivashka Karluk Gulf of Alaska Gustavus Inukjuak Hebron Wick Kristiansand Motala Ponazyrevo Bol'shoy Nimnyr Telegraph Creek Fontas Manitoba Perm' Nizhniy Tagil Ust'-Ilimsk Katalakh Buckie Linkoping Kostroma Ust'-Ishim Strelka Ust'ye Ugashik Akhiok Tenakee British Paddle Prairie Inverness Yaroslavl' Pizhma Bodaybo Gothenburg Irbit Krivosheino Karamyshevo Malyy Nimnyr Kankunskiy Columbia Saskatchewan Aberdeen Boras Tukums Pskov Votkinsk Tyumen' Asino Meletsk Petersburg Weir River Alborg Riga Tver' Osa Tara Novaya Igirma Chara Aldoma Sitka Alberta Vaxjo Latvia Biaza Aban Anzac South Indian Lake Dundee Liepaja Rezekne Tomsk Kaymonovo Chignik Lagoon Bear Lake Fort St. John Gillam Amery Nain Arhus Nizhniy Novgorod Bratsk Taksimo Ust'-Nyukzha Klyuchi Chignik Lake Port Alexander Point Baker Stewart North Sea Denmark Volga Sarapul Yekaterinburg Krutinka Krasnoyarsk Ayan Bering Sea Nelson House Glasgow Copenhagen Moscow Anzhero-Sudzhensk Nizhneangarsk Zolotinka Fairview Conklin Quebec Esbjerg Klaipeda Kazan' Kansk Sea of Ust'-Kamchatsk Tupper Thompson Newfoundland Vladimir Kurgan Lapri Sand Point Craig Demmitt Edinburgh Lithuania Vitsyebsk Alzamay Mcleod Lake Enilda Beauval Pelican Narrows Winisk & Labrador Novosibirsk L. Baykal Tynda Schefferville Malmo Vilnius Oufa Zhigalovo Chumikan Usk Telkwa Valleyview Colinton Boyle Gods Lake Belfast Odense Smolensk Ryazan' Kemerovo Tulun Bomnak Okhotsk Mil'kovo Dutch False Pass Wekusko U. K. Newcastle Kaunas Chelyabinsk Omsk Kurumkan Tupik Nyvrovo Prince Rupert Tintagel Windfall Rigolet Petropavl Iskitim Belovo Ust-Uda Torom Harbor Molanosa Ul'yanovsk Kachug Urusha Peers Cartwright Sterlitamak Suzun Abakan Zulumay Kitimat Edmonton Island Lake Sachigo Lake North West River Liverpool Hamburg Gdansk Mahilyow Saransk Kiselevsk Yerofey Pavlovich Zeya Unalaska Dublin Netherlands Stettin Tula Tol'yatti Karasuk Manzurka Taldan Tugur Juskatla Edson Leoville Minsk Qostanay Umlekan Chlya Elizovo Mcbride Labrador City Happy Valley-Goose Bay Ireland Novokuznetsk Romanovka Amur Sandspit Millet Leask Barrows Grand Rapids Manchester Babruysk Salavat Usol'ye-Sibirskoye Nizhneye Pronge Quesnel Valemount Limerick Berlin Belarus Lipetsk Kokshetau Barnaul Angarsk Isinga Sivaki Zlatoustovsk Stuie Alix L. Winnipeg Warsaw Oriol Penza Bredy Turka Ayak Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy Cudworth Mafeking Poplar Hill Battle Harbour Tralee Birmingham Brest Rodino Abaza Turan Horsefly Blue River Skownan Amsterdam Poland Yesil' Biysk Chita Briakan Solontsy Val Olds Kursk Orenburg Pavlodar Kyzyl Ulan-Ude Verkhnyaya Kuenga Rosetown Saskatoon London Homyel' Ilek Astana Rubtsovsk Irkutsk
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  • 10. 7596/Taksad. V8i3.2097 Journal of History Culture and Art Research

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    Journal of History Culture and Art Research (ISSN: 2147-0626) Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2019 DOI: 10. 7596/taksad. v8i3.2097 Citation: Maksimova, L. A. (2019). Contradictory Results of the GULAG Activities in the European North-East of the USSR. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(3), 376-388. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2097 Contradictory Results of the GULAG Activities in the European North-East of the USSR Liubov Anatoljevna Maksimova1 Abstract The author outlines the conflicts in the actions of the GULAG in the Soviet European north-east. Mobilization facilities of the GULAG allowed creating fuel and energy sources in the North-East of the country in short terms. Due to the GULAG, industries were being developed in the district without any prerequisites. Activities of the victimized population produced fulfillment of important innovative projects at the world level for that time. Primitive methods were often used for the creation of ambitious and high- tech projects with a great portion of manual labor. Forced migration brought about growth in population in the district, forced growth in the urban population, and rapid development of the area. Meanwhile, urbanization process proceeded spontaneously, without taking into consideration some of the possible negative effects of towns’ development having appeared at the camp centers. The need to relocate population from the North is a serious modern problem dating back to the GULAG. Industrial development of the area was followed by the attempt at making life of the locals a little bit more civilized: the victimized population created a health-care system in the Northern districts of the Komi Republic, as well as a personnel-training system, cultural institutions (theaters, social clubs, libraries, publishing houses) and education.
  • Russian Cartography to Ca. 1700 L

    Russian Cartography to Ca. 1700 L

    62 • Russian Cartography to ca. 1700 L. A. Goldenberg the Sources of the Cartography of Russia,” Imago Mundi 16 (1962): The perception of a “foreign beginning” to Russian car- 33– 48. 1 tography is deeply rooted. It has been fostered by the 2. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s large world map, Eastern Europe is placed on eight irretrievable loss of indigenous Russian maps of pre- sheets (nos. 54 –57, 64 –67), which show the Caspian lands, Bashkiria, seventeenth-century date, along with the unfamiliarity Volga Bulgaria, the upper reaches of the Severny (Severskiy) Donets, the with other sources. Thus the traditional cartographic im- Black Sea area, the lower Dniester area, the upper Dnieper area, the Carpathians, the Danube area, and the Baltic area, whereas the north- age of Russia was that provided by the Western European ern Caucasus and the lower Volga area are more distorted. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s mapmakers. The name “Russia” first appeared in this map, sources for the ancient centers of ninth-century Rus are combined foreign cartographic record in the twelfth century. For ex- with more precise data on the well-traveled trade routes of the twelfth ample, on the Henry of Mainz mappamundi (ca. 1110), century. For al-Idrı¯sı¯ and the map of 1154, see S. Maqbul Ahmad, “Car- it is placed north of the mouth of the Danube; on the map tography of al-Sharı¯f al-Idı¯sı¯,” in HC 2.1:156 –74; Konrad Miller, Map- 2 pae arabicae: Arabische Welt- und Länderkarten des 9.–13. Jahrhun- of the cartographer al-Idrı¯sı¯ (1154), interesting geo- derts, 6 vols.