INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. The following abbreviations are used: TR = Theodore Roosevelt, NY = New York state, NYC = New York City, SF = San Francisco.

Act for the Preservation of American peonage, 206–7 Antiquities, 180, 182 and the Republican Party, 211 Adams, John, 257–8 segregation, 283, 398 Adams, John Quincy, 276, 277 TR’s abandonment of, 211 Addams, Jane, 114, 115, 117, 125, TR’s policies towards 127, 492 contradictory, 212 nominates TR as Progressive Party pre-presidential years, 200–201 candidate, 145, 464, 495–6 presidential years, 207–8 Women’s Peace Party, 128, 129 TR’s views on, 399, 425 administrative agencies, 97–8, 99, 105, “merit before race”, 205–6 106, 108 during Spanish-American Africa, 428 War, 201 TR’s hunting trip see African TR’s work with Booker T. hunting trip Washington, 203–5, 401 TR’s opinion of natives, 428, African Game Trails (Roosevelt), 435, 442, 483 437, 440 TR’s views on EuropeanCOPYRIGHTED colonialism, African huntingMATERIAL trip, 251, 453–4, 457 428–30, 498 Africans’ views of hunting party African Americans members, 442 Brownsville affair, 208–9 arrival in Africa, 436–7 disenfranchisement, 200–201, 283 Cairo speech, 449 lynching, 207–8 at Equator Ranch, 447

A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt, First Edition. Edited by Serge Ricard. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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African hunting trip (cont’d) American Institute of Architects (AIA), European stops on way home, 449 139–40, 149 financing, 436, 440–41, 444 American Woman Suffrage Association, food, 438 114 at Juja farm, 440–41 Anderson, Stuart, 342–3 Khartoum speech, 448–9 Anglo-American relations, 309, kill numbers, 445, 445–6 320–21, 323–4, 336, 352–4 at Kitanga farm, 438–40 Alaska boundary dispute, 318 on Lake Naivasha, 441–2 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 356 on Mount Kenya, 445 British anxieties about TR, 354–5 Nairobi visits, 443 British imperialism, TR’s views Pigskin Library, 442–3 on, 429 plans for, 436 Campbell-Bannerman Government, safari organization, 437 359–61 silence on US politics during, 448 closer ties, TR’s pursuit of, 315–16 Smithsonian, problems for, 444 Durand problem, 363–4 tents, 438 Franco-American relations, impact TR’s equipment, 438 on, 336–7 TR’s views on natives, 442 Jamaican earthquake relief, 321 in Uganda, 445 Moroccan crisis, 321, 357, 362, welcome home parade, 449, 457 363 Akeley, Carl, 435–6 Newfoundland fisheries dispute, 318 Alaska boundary dispute, 294–6, Olympic Games dispute, 322 311–12, 318 and Russo-Japanese War, 318–19 Hay-Herbert Treaty, 301 US-Japanese immigration-racism Klondike gold rush, 298–300 crisis, 322 North Atlantic Triangle, 309–11 US neutrality in Boer War, 316 origins of, 296–7 Venezuela Crisis, 316–17 Panama Canal issue, similarities to, Anglo-French relations, 355, 358, 360, 293–4 361–2 purchase of Alaska, 297–8 Anglo-German relations, 356 Tribunal of 1903, 302–4 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 318, 319, analysis of decision, 304, 306–7 354 Canadian response to, 304 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 354, 356 decision of, 304, 305 Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, TR’s handling of, 300–302 296, 299 Aldermanic Bill, 30–31 Aoki, Siuzo, 227, 397, 403–404, 407 Alexander, John, 510 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 176 Alfonso, Oscar M., 426 arbitration treaties, 312, 376–7 Algeciras Conference, 321, 340, 359, TR’s criticisms of Wilson’s, 381, 361–2 381–2, 468–9 agenda, 359 Aristotle, 175–6 TR’s mediation, 362–3 Aron, Raymond, 332, 333 Alger, Horatio, 49, 52, 55, 56, 58 Arthur, Chester, 258 Alverstone, Richard Everard Webster, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, TR as, Viscount, 302, 303, 304, 306 45–7, 85–6, 257, 260 America and the World War Naval War College address, 78, 79 (Roosevelt), 471, 473 and the press, 217, 218

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Spanish-American War, promotion Blum, John Morton, 42, 136, 417–18, of, 47–8, 260–61 421 Audubon, John J., 11 Board of Aldermen, NYC, 14, 29, Aylesworth, Allen B., 302, 309 30–31 Board of Police Commissioners, TR as Badlands, TR’s time in, 16–17, 17–19, head of, 37–41, 217, 218–19 22, 23–4, 241 Boer War, 299, 315, 316 horse-breaking episodes, 19–20 Bonaparte, Charles J., 166, 169 “Mingusville Bully” incident, 20 Boone and Crockett Club, 24, 446 as sheriff, 21–2 Boundary Waters Treaty, 308 Baker, Newton D., 480 Boyd, Bob, 514 balance of power, 335, 522, 524 Brady, James, 238 in Asia, 268, 318, 369, 370 Brandeis, Louis, 126 in Europe, 318, 335, 342, 469, 470 Brands, H.W., 73–4, 198, 203, Balfour, Arthur James, 303, 358, 359 212, 525 Ball, Lucille, 510 Brebner, John Bartlet, 294–5, 307, Ballinger, Richard, 458–9 309–10 Barber, Charles E., 145 Brinkley, Douglas, 8, 173, 181, 183 Battle of Las Guasimas, 51–3, 57–8 Brinton, Crane, 333 Battle of San Juan Hill, 53–4, 62, 68 Brown, Glenn, 139, 140, 149, 151 Beale, Howard K. Brownsville affair, 208–9, 229 Alaska boundary dispute, 294, Bryan, William Jennings 303, 307 1900 Presidential campaign, 75 Algeciras Conference, 358 as Wilson’s Secretary of State, 381, imperialism, 426, 428, 429 468, 469, 471, 472, 474, 475 race, 418, 420 Bryce, James, 308, 309, 310, 311, Beard, George M., 120–21 321, 363 Bederman, Gail, 120, 202–3 TR’s messages to during Great War, Bergen, Candice, 512 474, 476, 481, 483 Beveridge, Albert, 165, 418, 420 buffalo preserves, 180 Bidlack, Benjamin A., 278 Bull Moose Party, 212, 463–5, big business see corporate power 495–6 “big stick” policy, TR’s, 267, 351, Bulloch, Irvine (TR’s uncle), 199 366, 381 Bulloch, James (TR’s uncle), 199 in Alaska boundary dispute, 294, “bully pulpit”, 177, 179, 182, 492 306–7 Bunau-Varilla, Philippe, 281, 283, navy’s role in, 269–71, 378–9 285, 286 Panamanian secession, 380 Bureau of Corporations, 155, 158, Venezuela Crisis, 379–80 162, 166–7, 169 Bingham, Theodore, 142 Burke, Edmund, 176 biographies of TR, 2–3, 8, 187, 198–9, Burnham, Daniel, 140 199–200, 201–3, 209 Burns, James MacGregor, 200, Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, 220, 221, 205, 209 223, 226 Burton, David H., 127, 202, 418, Black, Frank, 63 426, 428, 429, 457–8 Blackmer, Sidney, 506, 507, 508, 509 Bush, George W., 183, 352, 525 Blaine, James G., 17, 31, 32, 35, 218 Butt, Archibald W., 219, 225, 448, Blatch, Harriot Stanton, 129, 129–30 449, 458, 459

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Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, Cholmondeley, Hugh, 3rd Baron 359–60, 361 Delamere, 447 Canada Chronicle newspaper, 395 Alaska boundary dispute see Alaska Churchill, Sir Winston, 437, 443, 445, boundary dispute 447, 491 Canadian views on TR, 294–6 “Civil Service Commissioner Theodore “cleaning the slate” with, 307–9 Roosevelt and the Indian Rights League of Nations member, 312 Association” (Hagan), 190 North Atlantic Triangle, 309–11 Civil Service commissioner, TR as, Canadian-American Joint High 35–6, 119, 217 Commission, 298, 299 Indians Rights Association, work Cannon, Joseph, 140, 177, 458 with, 190, 191–2 Caribbean, 260, 264, 384, 422, Civil War, 198–9, 238, 279, 298, 486 427, 525 civilization, 118–19, 419, 523 British interests, 277, 279 advancement of, 418, 428, 493, Spanish-American War see Spanish- 497, 498 American War see also imperialism US interventions, 284 education and culture, power of, US policing of, 265, 275, 290, 317 430–32 Carnegie, Andrew, 441, 444 self-improvement of nations, 421–7, Castro, Cipriano, 264, 290, 380 430–31 Catt, Carrie Chapman, 114, 129 Cizel, Annick, 194 Cavalcade of America TV program, Clarkson, James S., 81 511 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 278, 280, 299 A Century of Dishonor (Jackson), 191 Cleveland, Grover Chace, James, 455 NY Governor, 29, 30, 66 Chamberlain, Joseph, 299, 302, President, 31–2, 36, 81, 85, 303, 487 278, 279 Chandler, William, 258 Clinton, William J., 1, 384 Chapman, John J., 64 coal strike, 159–60, 491 The Charge of the Rough Riders Coe, Richard L., 509 at San Juan Hill, 1898 coinage redesign project, 143–7, (Remington), 54 230–31 Chessman, G. Wallace, 418 Collin, Richard H., 154, 418, child labor, 14, 117, 125, 126, 492 426, 506 child welfare, 126 Colombia, 276, 278, 284 The Children of the Night (Robinson), canal arguments and agreements, 138–9, 249 281–3 Children’s Bureau, 126, 492 Panamanian secession from, 226–7, China, 84, 336, 369, 370, 372, 400, 267, 274, 284–6, 380–81 422–3, 431 criticism of TR, 274–5, 287–8 Open Door policy, 265, 318, 410 Colonel Roosevelt (Morris), 3, 453 Chinese Exclusion Act, 392, 394, 400 “Common Sense” Applied to Woman Chinese immigrants, 382, 392, 393, Suffrage (Putnam-Jacob), 116 394, 400 Congress Choate, Joseph A., 28, 41, 64, anti-environmental feeling, 177 303, 304 corruption in, 95, 98

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 564564 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 565

election and recall, 104 Cutler, Arthur, 12, 15 Madisonian model, 101–2 Czolgosz, Leon Frank, 75 naval spending, 45–6, 266, 269, 271, 410 Dalton, Kathleen, 181, 198–9, power of, 95, 98, 101–2 199, 210 power shift away from, 97, 97–8, TR and race, 200–201, 202, 205, 99, 105 206–7, 212 presidency, undermining of, 108, Daniel, Pete, 207 170, 177, 179 Daniels, Josephus, 471 Spanish-American War, 49, 263 Darwin, Charles, 8, 202, 446 war against Germany, 479 Darwinism, 202 Connery, Sean, 512 Davies, Arthur, 135 conservationism, 174–5 Davis, Oscar King, 223, 225 Cooper, John Milton, Jr., 28, 210, Davis, Richard Harding, 50, 52, 54 452–3, 526 Debs, Eugene V., 452, 465 Copyright Act of 1891, 137 deforestation, 178–9 corporate power, 95, 96, 154 Delamere, Baron (Hugh impact on citizens’ lives, 154 Cholmondeley), 447 Northern Securities suit, 156–8 Delaware, USS, 269 regulation of, 155, 156–8, 168, Department of Agriculture, 126, 141 170–71 Forest Service, 174, 178 Bureau of Corporations, 158–9 Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Corporations vs. 126, 155, 158 Department of Justice, 166 Department of Justice, 156, 164, 166, International Harvester, 398, 402 investigation of, 166–7 Derby, Ethel Roosevelt (TR’s meat packing industry, 165 daughter), 242, 243, 248, railroads, 160–65 249, 252 Council of Fine Arts, 149–50 Derby, Richard (TR’s son-in-law), “Cowboy Cabinet”, 190, 193 252, 253 Cowles, Anna “Bamie” Roosevelt Devine, Edward T., 126 (TR’s sister), 11, 16, 21, 239, Dewey, Commodore George, 47–8, 240, 241, 242 57, 261, 380 Cox, Minnie, 206, 229 DiCaprio, Leonardo, 517 Croker, Richard, 65 dollar diplomacy, 422, 431 Croly, Herbert, 499 Dolliver, Jonathan, 162–3 Cromwell, Oliver, 94–5, 109 Dominican Republic, 290, 422, Crowninshield, Captain Arent S., 48 483 Crum, William, 206 Dow, Wilmot, 13, 22 Cuba, 47, 85, 280, 377, 493, 497 Dreadnought, HMS, 268, 269 Las Guasimas, battle of, 51–3 Du Bois, W.E.B., 211–12 navy’s role in operations, 261–2 Dunn, Susan, 200, 205, 209 Rough Riders’ arrival in, 51 Dunne, Finley Peter, 220–21 San Juan Hill, battle of, 53–4 Durand, Sir Mortimer, 308, 353, 354, Spanish surrender of Santiago 356, 360, 361, 362 de Cuba, 54 TR’s dislike of, 319, 321, 363–4 Cuninghame, R.J., 437, 442 Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste, 331

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Dyer, Thomas, 190, 426 Fillmore, Millard, 258 TR and race, 200, 201–2, 204, 207, films of TR, 503 419, 428 Cavalcade of America, 511 TR’s opinion of Indians, 187, 424 documentaries controversial aspects ignored, 515 Edison, Thomas, 496 The Indomitable Teddy Roosevelt, Edmunds, George F., 17, 31 513–14, 515 Egypt, 428–30, 448, 449 Philippine-American War ignored, Ekirch, Arthur A., Jr., 203 515–16 Electoral College, 104–5 Theodore Roosevelt: An American Elkhorn Ranch, 18–19, 22, 23, 241 Lion, 515 England see Great Britain TR, 514–15, 515 Entente cordiale, 318, 336, 355, Fancy Pants, 510 357, 361 The Fighting Roosevelts, 505 environmentalism historical inaccuracies, 504, 512–13, preservationism and 516, 517–18 conservationism, 174–5 The Monroe Doctrine, 506–7 prudence, 175–7 My Girl Tisa, 508–10 TR’s environmental policies, 177–83 Night at the Museum, 517 Erie Canal, 278 In Old Oklahoma, 508 Esch-Townsend bill, 161 political uses of, 503, 507, 508, Europe, TR’s childhood visits to, 11 511, 514 Evening Post newspaper, 220, 221–2 portrayals of TR executive orders, 149, 179–80 buffoon, 516 expansionism, 46, 68, 188, 194, 295, conservative, 513–14 418, 487–8 cowboy, 507–8, 511 family man, 510 family life, 237, 254 imperialist, 512–13 after the Presidency, 251–2 interventionist, 507, 511 education of Roosevelt children, isolationist, 506–7 248–9 liberal, 514–15 Oyster Bay time, 243–6 political hero, 505, 506, 509–10 pets, 244–5 Rough Rider, 505–6 separation during Spanish-American warmonger, 512–13 War, 242–3 vs. reality of TR, 503 TR’s childhood, 237–9 release dates TR’s first family, 240 1910s &1920s, 505–6 TR’s second family, 241–2 1930s & 1940s, 506 Washington, D.C., time in, 246–7 1940s, 507–8 at White House, 247–50 1940s & 1950s, 508–12 Fancy Pants film, 510 1970s, 512 Fear God and Take Your Own Part 1980s, 513 (Roosevelt), 476–7 1990s, 514–15, 516 feminism, 112, 113, 124–5, 127 2000s, 515–16, 517 Ferris, Joe, 17 2010s, 517 Ferris, Sylvane, 17 The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, 517 The Fighting Roosevelts film, 505 The Rough Riders, 505–6

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Rough Riders, 516 German threat, impact of, 338–9 “strenuous life”, celebrating, hostilities, 334 507–8 Moroccan crisis, 340 Teddy the Rough Rider, 507 post-Spanish-American War, 337–8 time of production, context of, 518 reasons for seeking improvement, TR’s use of, 503 335 The Wind and the Lion, 512 “special”, 331 A Final Promise (Hoxie), 190, 193 Treaty of Mortefontaine, 334 Finnegan, Mike, 22 TR’s personal impact on First Volunteer Regiment see Rough domestic economic policies, 344 Riders efforts for war against Germany, Fohlen, Claude, 329, 330 345 Foraker, Joseph Benson, 208–9, 229 friendship with Jusserand, 343–4 Ford Bill, 67, 71–2 operational code, 341–2 foreign policy, 182, 314, 335, 350–51, personality and heritage, 342–3 355, 384, 489, 493 Franklin, Benjamin, 329 analysis of, 522–5 Freer, Charles Lang, 147–9 Anglo-American relations see Freer Gallery of Art, 139, 147–9 Anglo-American relations Friedenberg, Robert V., 454 Canada see Alaska boundary dispute Fuller, Melville, 148 expansionism, 46, 68, 188, 194, 295, 418, 487–8 Garfield, James R., 166, 169, 465 Franco-American relationship see Gatewood, Willard B., Jr., 136, 199, Franco-American relations 201, 204, 206 Moroccan crisis see Moroccan crisis gender, 113 Panama Canal see Panama Canal roles in sustaining “American” race, Russo-Japanese War see Russo- 120, 122–4, 127, 129 Japanese War Gentlemen’s Agreement, 322, 407, TR’s impact on later presidents, 408 524–5 George, Henry, 23, 32, 33, 34 Forest Service, 174–5, 178 Germany forestry, 178–9 Great War see Great War Fourteen Points, 128, 482, 483 Moroccan crisis see Moroccan crisis France navy, expansion of, 264, 267, Entente cordiale, 318, 336, 355, 268–9 357, 361 social reforms, 491 French views of TR, 330, 337–8, threat of, 264, 317, 339, 469–71 338–9, 342, 345–6 Venezuela Crisis, 226, 264–5, 301, French views of US leaders, 329–30 316–17, 379–80 Great War see Great War Gerstle, Gary, 201, 203, 211, 425 Moroccan crisis see Moroccan crisis Gleichen, Edward, Count, 364 Spanish-American War, view of, 337 Goldmark, Josephine, 126 Franco-American relations, 333–4, Gompers, Samuel, 29, 30 334, 365 Goodrich, Captain Caspar, 78 Anglo-American relations, impact of, Gould, Lewis, 160, 164, 171, 294, 336–7 454, 458 cooperative, 332–3 TR and race, 204, 206, 212

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Governor of NY, TR as, 57–8, 59, Venezuela Crisis, 82, 226, 264–5, 65, 76 279–80, 316–17, 379 African Americans, work for, 201 The Great Father (Prucha), 193 campaign for, 64–5 Great War, 128, 252 celebrity and popularity, 68 Belgium, Germany’s invasion of, Ford Bill, 71–2 352, 383, 469 improving technical performance of Fourteen Points, 482 NY government, 67 Lusitania, sinking of, 474–5 Insurance Commission reforms, 72–3 Russian Revolution, 481 limitations of, 73–4 TR’s criticisms of Wilson see Wilson, national issues, raising of, 68–9 Woodrow:TR’s anti-Wilson policy objectives, 69–70 crusade press, relationship with, 220–22 TR’s identification with Allies, 468, press, use of, 66–7 469, 474, 476, 480, 483 reforming NY’s government, 65–6 TR’s views on, 468 Grace, William R., 32, 33, 34 analysis of, 525 Graubard, Stephen, 521, 524 balance of power, 470 Great Britain, 319 democracy vs. autocracy, 479–80 Alaska boundary, 296–7 duty to back righteousness by dispute over, 299–300, 306 force, 471–2 Anglo-American relations see German threat to US, 469–71 Anglo-American relations League of Peace, 482, 483 Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, peace settlement, 482 296 preparedness for war, 470–71, Boer War, 299, 315, 316 472–3, 480 British views on TR, 323–4 re-election of Wilson, 478 Campbell-Bannerman Government, speed of US deployment, 480, 359–61 481 Canada, withdrawal of forces unconditional surrender of from, 309 Germany, 482 Caribbean, withdrawal of navy US as mediator, 473 from, 317 TR’s writing on Entente cordiale, 318, 336, 355, America and the World War, 471 357, 361 Fear God and Take Your Own Great War see Great War Part, 476–7 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 263 in New York Times, 381–3 imperialism of, 428–30, 498 US declaration of war on Germany, Latin American interests, 277 468, 479 Moroccan crisis, 319, 356–7, 358, Great White Fleet, 270–71, 322, 360–63 409–12, 411 North Atlantic Triangle, 309–11 Greeley, Horace, 16 Royal Navy, 259, 264, 266, 268 Grey, Albert, 4th Earl, 308 social reforms, 491 Grey, Sir Edward, Viscount Grey of trans-isthmian canal, 278–9 Fallodon, 310, 320, 360–61, Treaty of Saint Petersburg, 296 361–2, 364 Treaty of Washington, 298, 309 Guam, 265, 280 TR’s policies towards, 264 Gummere, Samuel, 359

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 568568 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 569

Hagan, William T., 190, 191, 192, 193 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 157 Hagedorn, Hermann, 186, 187, 254 Hoover, Herbert, 431 Haglund, David, 295–6, 307, 310 Hope, Bob, 510 Haiti, 483 Hopper, Frank, 505–6 Hall, G. Stanley, 119, 121 How the Other Half Lives (Riis), 219 Hamilton Club speech, 68, 81, 122, Hoxie, Frederick E., 193 263, 488 Hughes, Charles Evans, 478 Hands, Charles, 53 Humboldt, Alexander, 276 Haney, James E., 199 Hunt, Isaac, 31–2 Hanna, Marcus Alonzo, 41, 74, 75, Hunting Trips of a Ranchman 210, 211, 224 (Roosevelt), 136 Harbaugh, William, 2–3, 159, 202, 208, 209, 418 immigration, 119, 400, 508–9 Hargrove, Erwin, 182 of Chinese, 392, 394, 400 Harlan, John Marshall, 157 of Japanese see Japanese immigration Harlan, Louis R., 204, 205, 210 into California Harrison, Benjamin, 35, 36, 190, imperialism, 68, 75, 194–5, 275, 280, 192, 217 351–2, 384 Hatton, Frank, 36 British, 427–30, 443, 448–9 Hawaiian Islands, 46, 81, 84–5, 265, navy’s role in, 266–7 280, 288 in the Philippines, 425–7 Hawley, Joshua, 187, 198, 202, and social reform, 492–3, 499 458, 459 TR’s changing ideas about, 493–4, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 227, 286–7 497–8 Hay-Herbert Treaty, 301 TR’s practice of, 485–6 Hay-Herrán Treaty, 282, 286 TR’s views, literature on, 417–19 Hay, John, 307, 315, 316, 354, 357 India, 323, 428 Alaska boundary dispute, 300, 301, Indian Rights Association, 191, 192 303, 304, 307 Indian Rights Association (Hagan), 191 Panama Canal, 227, 282, 283, Indians 286, 287 TR’s limited knowledge about, Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 263, 280, 190–91 282, 316 TR’s views on Heller, Edmund, 436, 440, 442, contradictory, 191 443, 448 savages, 187–9, 424–5 Hendricks, Francis, 73 and US imperialism, 194, 195 Hepburn bill/Act, 163–5, 228 The Indomitable Teddy Roosevelt Hepburn bill for amendment of documentary, 513–14, 515 Sherman Act, 169–70 industrial growth, 279 Hepburn, William B., 162–3, 169 industrial revolution, 8 Herbert, Sir Michael, 301, 316, 317 The Influence of Sea Power Upon Herrick, Robert, 124–5 History, 1660–1783 (Mahan), Herring, Henry, 145 46, 80, 83, 84, 259, 279 Hewitt, Abram, 23, 33, 34 international court, need for, 377, Hoar, George F., 39, 208 382, 497 Holleben, Theodore von, 380 International Exhibition of Modern Holmes, James, 199, 205 Art, 135

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 569569 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 570 INDEX

International Harvester, 166–7 Japanese immigration into California, International Joint Commission 310–11, 392–3 (US-Canada), 308 acculturation, 393–4 Interstate Commerce Commission anti-Japanese movement, 392, 393, (ICC), 97, 156, 160–65 394–5 intervention, 377–8 Japan’s response to, 407 in Asia see Russo-Japanese War Metcalf’s report on, 404–5 in Caribbean, 284 post-TR legislation, 408 in Cuba, 47, 242, 262 racism crisis, 322 in Dominican Republic, 422 SF Board of Education decision, in Great War, 252 391–2, 395, 396 in Latin America, 290, 379, 384 Californians’ response to, 397–8 in Moroccan Crisis see Moroccan Japanese response to, 396–7 crisis legality of, 398 An Introduction to American TR’s response to crisis, 412 Literature (Matthews), 1906 message to Congress, 403 137–8 Gentlemen’s Agreement, 407, 408 Jackson, Helen Hunt, 191 Great White Fleet, 409 Jacobson, Matthew Frye, 515, 516 hold on anti-Japanese legislation, Jamaica, 321 405 James, Caryn, 516 Japan to limit emigration, 404 Japan, 227, 400–401 Japanese immigration bill, 406 agreements with, 271 meeting with SF delegation, 405 aid response to 1906 SF earthquake, Metcalf sent to SF, 402 395–6 violence against Japanese, 407 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 318, Jefferson, Thomas, 177, 258, 329–30 319, 354 Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri, 207 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 354, 356 Jetté, Sir Louis, 302 commercial threat, 84–5 Jones, Thomas Goode, 208 emigration to US see Japanese The Jungle (Sinclair), 165 immigration Jusserand, Jean Jules, 320, 334–5, Great White Fleet’s visit to, 322 343–4, 358–9, 361, 363 navy, 266, 267–8 Pearl Harbor, bombing of, 368 Kaneko, Kentaro, Baron, 370 relations with US, 370 Kansas City Star newspaper, 231–2 Root-Takahira Agreement, 322, Keith, Brian, 512 410–11 Kelley, Florence, 117, 126, 495 Russia, war with see Russo-Japanese Kellogg, Paul, 495 War Kennan, George, 369–70, 423 SF Board of Education decision, Kennedy, Paul, 79, 81, 83, 87 response to, 396–7 Kent, General Jacob, 53 threat of, 84, 85, 86–7, 89, 265, Klondike gold rush, 298–9 267–8, 471 Kluger, Pearl, 199–200 Treaty of Portsmouth, 311 Knox, Philander C., 156–7, 287, 422 TR’s views on, 369, 370, 423, Komura, Jutaro, 371, 372, 373 423–4 Kramer, Paul, 194–5, 421

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 570570 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 571

labor injunctions, 162 and immigration, 119, 406 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de, 202, 420 as member of Canadian-American Lamarckism, 119, 202, 419–20 tribunal, 301, 302, 303 Lambert, Alexander, 251 role in securing Assistant Secretary Lane, Ann, 209 of Navy post for TR, 46, 260 Lang, Lincoln, 20 Wilson, concerns about, 479, 482 Lansdowne, Henry C.K. Petty- London, Jack, 394 Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess Long, John D., 46, 47, 48, 49, 85–6, of, 360 88, 260 Alaska boundary dispute, 302, 303 “The Long, Long Trail” (Ding), 518 Moroccan crisis, 353, 356, 357, Long, Rev’d William J., 230 358–9 Longworth, Alice Roosevelt (TR’s TR, anxiety about, 353, 354 daughter), 16, 32, 239, 241, Venezuela Crisis, 316–17 244, 245, 248–50 Las Guasimas, Battle of, 51–3, 57–8 Longworth, Nicholas (TR’s Lathrop, Julia C., 126, 132 son-in-law), 250 Latin America, 276–7 Loomis, Francis B., 285, 286 TR’s opinion of natives, 283 Loring, J. Alden, 436, 440, 442, 448 US intervention in, 290, 379, 384 Louisiana Purchase, 177 US perceptions of, 283 Love, Eric, 419 US policy towards, 275, 277, 284 Luce, Commodore Stephen B., 258 see also Colombia; Cuba; Panama Lusitania, RMS, 128, 345, 474–5, Canal; Venezuela Crisis 477, 478 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 299, 301, 304, lynching, 207–8, 209 306, 308, 309, 310, 311 Lyon-Caen, Charles, 345–6 “A Layman’s View of An Art Exhibition” (Roosevelt), Mackenzie King, William Lyon, 135, 150 310–11 League of Nations, 232, 312, Madison, James, 100–101 383–4, 483 Madisonian model of government, League of Peace, 312, 375, 376, 101–2 377, 378, 382, 497 TR’s criticisms of, 102–3 League to Enforce Peace, 477, Mahan, Admiral Alfred Thayer, 46, 80, 482, 526 81, 89–90, 259, 261, 270 Lee, Arthur, 316, 321, 353, 364, 487 influence on TR, 83–8 L’Enfant, Charles Pierre, 140 Naval War College lectures, 258, Lippmann, Walter, 115, 489 258–9 Lipsitz, George, 504 Maine, 13, 238, 371 Lloyd George, David, 483, 491, 494 Maine, USS, 47, 49 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 32, 35, 36, 37, majority rule, 108–9 38, 201, 384, 459 in Madisonian model, 101–2 1884 Republican National in TR’s model, 104–5 Convention, 31 the Mall, Washington, D.C., 139–42 in Anglo-American relations, 353, Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty, 278 354 Maltese Cross Ranch, 18–19 encouragement to TR to aim high, Mann, Elliott Roosevelt (TR’s 37, 38, 39–40, 73 nephew), 239

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 571571 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 572 INDEX

Manypenny, George W., 191 Moroccan crisis, 318, 319, 319–20, market regulation see corporate 340, 350, 355 power:regulation of Algeciras Conference, 321, 340, Marks, Frederick W., III, 418 359, 361–2 Marshall, Edward, 52 agenda, 359 Matthews, Brander, 137–8, 230, 456 TR’s mediation, 362–3 Mayaguez incident, 512 change in British Government, McCarran-Walter Act, 509 359–61 McKim, Charles, 140, 141, 142, 143 neglect of, by US historians, 365 McKinley, William, 47, 49, 56, 244, pre-Conference political maneuvers, 265, 299, 423 356–9 1896 Presidential campaign, 41 TR’s achievement, appraisal of, 1900 re-election campaign, 73–4, 365–6 75 Morris, Edmund, 33, 82, 88, 378, appointment of TR as Assistant 380, 453, 517 Secretary of the Navy, 46, 260 TR and race, 202, 207, 211 assassination, 75, 76, 300 Mowry, George, 162, 204, 460 Spanish-American War, 48, 49, 52, Muir, John, 174, 175, 178, 181 54–5, 488 Muller v. Oregon, 126, 492 McMillan, James, 140 My Girl Tisa film, 508–10 McMillan, W. Northrup, 440 Mearns, Edgar A., 436, 440, 442, 448 Nathan, Maud, 117, 125 Meat Inspection law, 165 National American Woman Suffrage Meier, August, 204 Association (NAWSA), 114 merchant shipping, 258 National Conservation Commission, Merrifield, William, 17, 19, 22–3 180 Metcalf, Victor H., 402, 403, 404 National Consumer’s League (NCL), Meyer, George von Lengerke, 370, 116–17 371, 372, 373 National Life and Character Michigan, USS, 269 (Pearson), 119 Michtom, Morris, 502 national parks, 174, 178, 180, Milius, John, 512, 513, 516 183, 496 Miller, Kelly, 199, 212 National Suffrage Association, 114 Miller, Nathan, 209, 212 National Women’s Trade Union Minot, Henry Davis, 13 League (NWTUL), 117 Mobilizing Woman-Power Native Americans see Indians (Blatch), 129 Naval War Board, 48 Monroe Doctrine, 226, 260–61, Naval War College, 78, 86, 88–9, 258 264–5, 276–7, 296 The Naval War of 1812 (Roosevelt), navy’s importance to, 47, 88, 269 45, 79–83, 136 Roosevelt Corollary, 265, 275, navalism, 259–60, 266 289–91, 317, 376, 379, 524–5 Navy, US The Monroe Doctrine film, 506–7 auxiliary vessels, lack of, 271 Monroe, James, 276, 296 expansion of, 269–70 Montague, James J., 216 Great White Fleet, 270–71, 322, Moody, William H., 161, 266 409–12, 411 Moore, John Bassett, 284 Jamaican earthquake relief, 321

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 572572 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 573

Mahan’s philosophy about see North, Simon, 16 Mahan, Admiral Alfred Thayer Northern Securities suit, 156–8 neglect of, 257–8 Panamanian secession, role in, 286 Obama, Barack, 329, 333, 352, 368 Pearl Harbor naval base, Hawaii, Office of Naval Intelligence, 258 270, 271 O’Laughlin, John Callan, 223 re-building of, 258–9, 265–7 In Old Oklahoma film, 508 sea power, 80, 81, 82–3, 84, 257–8, Oliver Cromwell (Roosevelt), 94–5 271 Olmstead, Frederick Law, 140 Spanish-American War, 261–3 Olympic Games dispute, 322 TR as Assistant Secretary of see O’Reilly, Kenneth, 200, 207, 209, 211 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 202, TR as 446–7 trans-isthmian canal, need for, 87 O’Shaughnessy Dam, 178 TR’s beliefs about O’Toole, Patricia, 2, 453 concentration of the fleet, 86–7 Our Indian Wards (Manypenny), 191 strength & preparedness, 47, 78, Outdoor Pastimes of An American 80–82, 88–9, 382, 470–71 Hunter (Roosevelt), 138 TR’s interest in, 80 over-civilization, 118, 120, 122, 419 TR’s legacy, 271–2 Oyster Bay, New York, 9, 237, 238, neurasthenia, 120–21 239, 243–6 New Nationalism, 155, 344, 454, 464, 494 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, New York City Police Commissioner, Viscount, 279, 340 TR as, 37–41, 217–19 Panama, 274–5, 276, 278 New York City Police Department, secession from Colombia, 226–7, 38–9, 217 267, 274, 284–6, 380–81 New York Journal newspaper, 54, criticism of TR, 274–5, 287–8 218 Panama Canal, 267, 274, 281, 291, New York State Assemblyman, TR as, 293–4, 379 14–15, 17, 27, 28–31, 35, building of, 289, 290 216, 218 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 286–7 New York Times, 30, 31, 33, 208, 216, Hay-Herrán Treaty, 282–3 217, 459 see also trans-isthmian canal film reviews, 505, 516 Panamanian railroad, 278 TR’s articles on Great War, 381–3 Parker, Andrew D., 40, 41 Newlands, Francis, 178 Parkman, Francis, 137, 189 Newlands Reclamation Act, 178 Paul, Alice, 129 Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 370, 371 Pavord, Andrew C., 455 Night at the Museum film, 517 Pax Americana, 385 Nobel Lecture, 312, 368–9, 375–6, Payn, Louis, 72, 73 379 Peabody, Robert S., 139 Nobel Peace Prize, 311, 311–12, 368, “peace with action”, 375–8 375, 489, 497 Pearl Harbor naval base, Hawaii, 89, North Atlantic fisheries agreement, 270, 271, 368 308, 318 Pearson, Charles, 119 North Atlantic Triangle, 309–11 Pease, Nellie, 438–40

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 573573 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 574 INDEX

Pease, Sir Alfred, 438–40 environmental policies, 177–83 Penlington, Norman, 295, 307 and family life, 243–51 peonage, 206–7, 209 foreign policy see foreign policy Perdicaris incident, 512 Freer Gallery of Art established, Perdicaris, Ion, 512 147–9 Pericles, 175–6 Great White Fleet, 270–71, 322, Perkins, George, 158, 166 409–12, 411 personal diplomacy, 354–5, 364, Indian affairs, involvement in, 193 524 Indian issues, 193–4 Philippines, 225–6, 280, 382–3, Japanese immigration issue see 497 Japanese immigration US attack on, 47–8, 57, 261 Mall renovation project, 140–42 US imperialism, 122, 194–5, 265, market regulation, 96–7 378, 418, 425–7, 493 meat packing industry regulation, Pinchot, Gifford, 70, 174–5, 178, 165 181, 449 Moroccan crisis see Moroccan crisis fired by Taft, 448, 454, 458–9 naval expansion, 266–7, 269–70 Platt Amendment, 262, 280, 286–7 Panama Canal see Panama Canal Platt, Thomas, 41, 60, 63–4, 70, 74, Panamanian secession from 221–2 Colombia see Panama:secession Ford Bill, opposition to, 71–2 from Colombia Insurance Commission reforms, railroads regulation, 160–65 opposition to, 72–3 reform of government, 95–100, popular culture of TR, 502, 503 102–7, 170–71 see also films of TR relationship with press, 104, 148, preservationism, 174, 175 149, 157, 222–3, 223–8, presidency 521–2 in Madisonian model, 102 Roosevelt Corollary, 265, 275, modern-day, 106, 107–8 289–91, 317, 376, 379, 422, TR’s innovations to, 104–5, 521 524–5 in TR’s model, 106–7 Russo-Japanese War see failures of, 107–9 Russo-Japanese War TR’s strengthening of, 97, 99, 165 Sherman Act amendments President, TR as recommended, 167 African American issues, 203–9 Southern US strategy, 209–11 agencies, use of, 97–8, 99 special message to Congress on Alaska boundary dispute see Alaska regulation, 168 boundary dispute Venezuela Crisis see Venezuela Anglo-American relations, 314–15 Crisis anti-trust suit against Northern White house renovation, 142–3 Securities, 156–7 presidential campaign of 1912, 452–3, arbitration treaties, 314–15 455, 465–6 coal strike mediation, 159–60 TR’s campaign coinage redesign project, 143–7 as Bull Moose candidate, Council of Fine Arts established, 464–5 149–50 hesitation about, 461–2 domestic reforms, 490, 491–3 motives, 460–61

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 574574 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 575

primary campaign, 462–3 women’s suffrage, inclusion of, Republican National Convention, 127–8 463–4 Prucha, Francis P., 191, 193 research sources, 456 prudence, 173–4, 175–7, 181–2, speeches, 454 183 TR’s reaction to losing, 465–6 public opinion, TR’s cultivation of, 36, ‘what if’ questions, 455–6 223 presidents, ranking by historians, 1 as NY Governor, 59, 67, 72, 73 press, 203, 204, 206, 228–31, 456 as NYC Police Commissioner, criticisms of TR, 218, 221–2, 287 217 influence of, 30–31, 61, 219–20, as President, 157, 222, 224, 225–8, 222–3, 223–4, 409 265–6, 490, 492 portrayals of TR Puerto Rico, 280, 493 at 1884 Republican National Pulitzer, Joseph, 218, 231 Convention, 31 Pure Food and Drug Act, 165, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 490, 515 48–9 Putnam, Carleton, 28, 200 Bull Moose campaign, 456 Putnam-Jacob, Mary, 116 NY Assemblyman, 14 NY Governor, 67 Quigg, Lemuel, 64 Rough Rider, 50, 52, 53, 54, 57–8 race, 201–3, 399, 417–21 relationship with TR, 30, 42, 46, “American”, 61, 121, 137, 202–3, 216–20 421 after presidency, 231–2 gendered roles in sustaining, 120, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 122–4, 127, 129 217, 218 and cultural ladder, 119–20, 202, Civil Service commissioner, 36, 420 217 Lamarckism, 119, 202, 419–20 NY Assemblyman, 30, 216, 218 literature on, 419 NY Governor, 66–7, 72, race suicide, 113, 118, 124 220–22 racism, 182, 419 NYC Police Commissioner, 217, against African Americans, 203, 218–20 283, 399 President, 104, 148, 149, 157, see also African Americans 223–8, 521–2 and cultural ladder, 399 Round Robin leaked to, 55–6 against Indians, 187–9, 193, TR’s editorials, 231–2 424–5 Pringle, Henry, 2, 2–3, 206, 384, 458, see also Indians 463, 508 against Japanese immigrants, 322, Progressive Era, 60–61, 112, 113, 394, 395, 401, 408 458 see also Japanese immigration Progressive Party, 127, 453, 455, against Latin Americans, 283 464–5, 492–3, 495–6 see also imperialism and African Americans, 211–12 railroads regulation, 156–8, 160–65 and market regulation, 155, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail 164–5 (Roosevelt), 188

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 575575 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 576 INDEX

Rauchway, Eric, 204 Rogers, Anna, 124 reforms Roosevelt, Alice Hathaway (née Lee) as Civil Service commissioner, 35–6 (TR’s first wife), 14, 15, 240 as NY Assemblyman, 14, 28, 29, Roosevelt, Alice (Longworth) (TR’s 29–30, 30–31 daughter), 16, 32, 239, 241, as NY Governor, 65–6, 69–70, 244, 245, 248–50 71–3 Roosevelt, Anna “Bamie” (TR’s sister) as Police Commissioner, 38–9, see Cowles, Anna “Bamie” 40–41 Roosevelt (TR’s sister) as President, 490, 490–91, 491–3 Roosevelt, Anna (née Hall) (TR’s copyright reform, 137 sister-in-law), 239 corporate regulation, 96–7, Roosevelt, Archie (TR’s son), 242, 155–60, 165–71 243, 244, 245, 247, 249, meat packing industry regulation, 254, 345 165 Roosevelt, Corinne “Corrie” (TR’s peonage, 207 sister) see Robinson, Corinne political system, 95–6, 97–100, “Corrie” Roosevelt (TR’s sister) 102–7 Roosevelt Corollary, 265, 275, 289–91, railroads regulation, 160–65 317, 376, 379, 422, 524–5 Reid, Captain Mayne, 11 Roosevelt, Edith (née Carow) (TR’s Reid, Whitelaw, 223, 321, 363–4 second wife), 21, 32, 36, 142, Remington, Frederic, 19, 54 241, 242, 247, 249 Report on the Condition of Woman and family life, 243, 245, 247, 248 Child Wage Earners in the Roosevelt, Eleanor (TR’s daughter- United States, 117, 125 in-law), 251, 252, 253 Republican National Convention Roosevelt, Eleanor (TR’s niece), 492 1884, 17, 31–2, 200, 218 Roosevelt, Elliot “Ellie” (TR’s 1900, 74 brother), 11, 15, 36, 239 1912, 463–4 Roosevelt, Emlen (TR’s cousin), 12 Republican Party Roosevelt, Ethel (TR’s daughter), 242, Congressional, divisions in, 160, 243, 248, 249, 252 165–6, 168, 170 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 1, 2, 374, of New York, 14, 33, 35 507, 526 South, weakness in the, 210 TR’s influence on, 365, 526 TR’s dedication to, 27, 31–2, 42 Roosevelt, Grace (TR’s daughter-in- TR’s split with, 453, 455, 463–4 law), 253 Ricard, Serge, 418–19 Roosevelt, James West (TR’s cousin), Riis, Jacob, 37, 38, 125, 219 12 The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt film, 517 Roosevelt, Kermit “Kim”, Jr. (TR’s Robinson, Corinne “Corrie” Roosevelt grandson), 284 (TR’s sister), 239, 240, 241, Roosevelt, Kermit (TR’s son), 242, 242, 457, 460–61 243, 249, 251–2, 253, 345 childhood, 9, 11, 238 African trip with TR, 436, 439, TR’s family life, 246–7, 252 441, 442 Robinson, Edwin Arlington, 138–9, Roosevelt, Martha Bulloch (TR’s 249 mother), 9, 10–11, 15, 198, Rodgers, Daniel, 114 239–40

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 576576 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 577

Roosevelt, Quentin (TR’s son), 242, The Winning of the West published, 243, 244, 245, 247, 249, 137 254, 345 birth of daughter Ethel, 242 Roosevelt, Theodore death of brother Elliott, 36, 239 LIFE: birth of son Archie, 242 birth and early childhood, 9, Board of Police Commissioners 237–8 work, 37–41 visits to Europe, 11 campaigns for McKinley in 1896, at Harvard University, 12, 13, 41 14, 239 appointment as Assistant Secretary father’s death, 13, 239–40 to the Navy, 41, 45–6 trips to Maine, 12–13 Assistant Secretary to Navy work, enrolment in Columbia Law 46–8 School, 14 address to Naval War College, marriage to Alice Hathaway Lee, June 1897, 88–9 14, 240 birth of son Quentin, 242 election to NY State Assembly, 14, resignation from Navy, 48, 49 240 joins First Volunteer Regiment, 49 NY State Assembly work, 28–31 fighting in Cuba with Rough The Naval War of 1812 published, Riders, 49–58 79–80 Round Robin letter, 54–6 makes first trip to Badlands, returns to US, 56 16–17 NY gubernatorial campaign, 57, birth of daughter Alice, 15 64–5, 65 death of mother, 15, 31, 240 of NY, 41–2, 57–8, 60, 65–72 death of first wife, 15, 31, 240 The Rough Riders published, 238 delegate to 1884 Republican campaigns as McKinley’s running National Convention, 17, 31 mate, 73–4, 75 NY State Assembly work, 17 Vice-Presidency, 75 returns to Badlands to grieve, becomes President of US after 17–21, 241 McKinley’s assassination, 75, engagement to Edith Carow, 21 75–6 third trip to Badlands, 22–3 orders antitrust suit against Hunting Trips of a Ranchman Northern Securities, 156 published, 136 Newlands Reclamation Act signed, Rocky Mountains, time in, 22–3 178 campaign for Mayor of NYC, 23, settles coal strike, 159 32–5 Venezuela Crisis see Venezuela marriage to Edith Carow, 23, Crisis 241–2 establishes Pelican Island, Florida fourth trip to Badlands, 23 as first US bird sanctuary, birth of son Theodore, 242 179–80 Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail settles Alaskan Boundary dispute, published, 188 302–4 Civil Service Commissioner work, Panamanian secession see 35–6 Panama:secession from birth of son Kermit, 242 Colombia

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 577577 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 578 INDEX

Roosevelt, Theodore (cont’d) visits South America, 252, 499 makes deal with Panama to build America and the World War canal see Panama Canal published, 471 reelected, 160, 307 Fear God and Take Your Own Part announces Roosevelt Corollary, published, 476–7 82, 265, 275, 289 starts writing articles for Kansas establishes Forest Service under City Star, 231–2 USDA, 178 son Quentin killed in Great War, establishes Wichita Forest and 254 Game Preserve, 180 dies at Oyster Bay home, 254 Treaty of Portsmouth signed, 268, Medal of Honor award, 1 311, 319 CHARACTER & ATTRIBUTES: Outdoor Pastimes of An American adventure, sense of, 10, 11, 21 Hunter published, 138 amiability, 442 awarded 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, Ancient Greeks, admiration 311, 375 of, 144 Moroccan Crisis see Moroccan bravery, 19–20, 52, 54, 56 crisis celebrity and popularity, 62, 63, Hepburn Act signed, 182 68, 460, 524 Pure Food and Drug Act signed, childhood illnesses, 9–10 165, 490 energy and enthusiasm, 12, 24, visits Panama Canal, 289, 290 48, 57, 70, 216, 245, 400, awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 5 456, 457 sends out Great White Fleet, 271, family, love of, 237, 242, 243–4, 322, 410, 411 245–7, 252 appoints National Conservation far-sightedness, 4, 57, 180 Commission, 180 grief at mother and wife’s deaths, accepts Nobel Peace Prize and 15–16 gives Nobel Lecture, 375–6 literature, love of, 11–12, 136, hunting trip in Africa, 251, 435–6 486–7 African Game Trails published, mixed ethnicity, 343 437 nationalism, 75, 118, 477, 486 gives “New Nationalism” speech, nature, love of, 8, 10, 179–80, 494 181, 440 embarks on speaking tour of oratorical skills, 64, 75, 453 West, 457 physical appearance, 20–21 becomes an editor at The Outlook polymath, 136 magazine, 457 poor eyesight, 9 splits with Republican Party, professional politician, 42 463–4 ranch life, love of, 22 becomes Progressive Party reform zeal, 95 candidate, 231, 452, 464 Republican party, dedication to, attempt, 465 27, 31–2, 34, 42, 69 visits International Exhibition of self-confidence, 24, 89, 365 Modern Art, 135 Southern family line, 198 Autobiography published, 85–6, “super-politician”, 61–3 523 swagger, 24

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 578578 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM INDEX 579

teeth, 217 expansionism, 487–8 voice, 9, 12, 21 exploitation, 14 writing, love of, 24, 94, 136–7, Filipinos, 194 138, 149–50, 231–2, 241 gendered roles, 118–19, 121, OFFICES HELD: 122, 123–4, 127 Assistant Secretary of the Navy see Germany, threat of, 339 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, government by the people, 103–4 TR as government’s purpose, 109 Civil Service commissioner, 35–6, Great War see Great War:TR’s 119, 190, 191–2, 217 views on Governor of NY see Governor of hunting, 445 NY, TR as imperialism, 70, 75, 194–5, NY State Assemblyman, 14–15, 351–2, 417–19, 428–30, 498 17, 27, 28–31, 35, 216, 218 Indians, 187–90, 424–5 NYC Police Commissioner, individual merit, 205–6 37–41, 217–19 individual rights, 102–3 President of the US see President, international court, need for, 377 TR as intervention without acquisition, Vice-President of the US, 75, 377–8 76, 210 Japan, 369, 370, 423, 423–4 OPINIONS & VIEWS: Japanese, 401 active foreign policy, 46–7, 68–9 Kaiser Wilhelm II, 353 African Americans, 201, 205–6, Latin Americans, 283 399, 425 League of Peace, 377 Africans, 428, 442, 483 manifest destiny doctrine, 80–82 American literature, 137–9 manliness, 118, 120, 121–2 American nationalism, 70, 75 nature, 8, 10, 420 American progress, 293 naval fleet concentration, 86–7 American visual arts, 139–40, naval strength & preparedness, 150–51 47, 78, 80–83, 86, 89–90, 257, Americanism, 476–7, 477–8 260, 266, 382–3, 470–71 arbitration treaties, 312, 376–7 Oliver Cromwell, 94–5 art, 135–6, 151 pacifism, 469 balance of power, 469, 524 participatory freedom, 96 big business, 154–5 peace, 311, 375–6, 471 birth control, 123 policing of Caribbean, 289–90 British imperialism, 428–30, political reform, 14, 27, 34, 42, 448–9 65–6, 95–6 Canada, 300 preparedness for war, 82, 88–9, China, 423 382, 470–71, 472 civilization, 421–2 the presidency, 165 culture, 400, 420–21 race, 201–3, 399, 419, 420, 430 Democratic party, 69 race and assimilation, 119–20, divorce, 123 190, 193 Durand, 319, 321, 363, 363–4 race suicide, 124 environmentalism, 177–8, 179, racism, 283 180–82 Republican politics, 2

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 579579 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:016:00:01 PMPM 580 INDEX

Roosevelt, Theodore (cont’d) Dow, Wilmot, 12 Royal Navy, 323 Dunne, Finley Peter, 220–21 self-improvement of nations, father, 10, 13, 238, 239–40 421–2, 431–2 with feminists, 125–6, 127–9, slavery, 199 129–30 strenuousness, 122–3 with grandchildren, 252, 252–3 trans-isthmian canal, need for, 87, with his children, 244–6 263, 266, 280 with his siblings, 239 US intervention in Cuba, 47–8, Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 157 85 Jusserand, Jean Jules, 343–4 Wilson see Wilson, Woodrow:TR’s Long, John D., 85–6 anti-Wilson crusade Mahan, Captain Alfred Thayer, women, 112, 114, 122, 123–4 83–8 women in politics, 125–6 NY State Assembly politicians, 17 women’s suffrage, 127, 129 Parker, Andrew D., 40 PORTRAITS: Platt, Thomas, 63–4, 70, 73–4 The Charge of the Rough Riders at with the press see press: San Juan Hill, 1898 relationship with TR (Remington), 54 with press, 30, 46, 66–7 PUBLICATIONS: Riis, Jacob, 219 African Game Trails, 435, Sewall, William, 12 437, 440 son Kermit, 251–2 America and the World War, 471, son Ted, 250–51 473 Washington, Booker T., 204–5 Fear God and Take Your Own White, William Allen, 219 Part, 476–7 Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. (TR’s son), Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, 242, 243, 250–51, 253, 345 136 Roosevelt, Theodore, Sr. (TR’s father), The Naval War of 1812, 45, 9, 9–10, 13, 28, 198–9, 79–83, 136 238, 486 Oliver Cromwell, 94–5 Root, Elihu, 33, 64, 222–3 Outdoor Pastimes of An American Nobel Peace Prize of 1912, recipient Hunter, 138 of, 311–12 Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail, as Secretary of State, 310, 354–5, 188 449 The Rough Riders, 201, 220 Canada, cleaning the slate with, Scribner’s contributions, 68 307–8, 309 The Strenuous Life, 122 Japanese immigration issue, 227, Theodore Roosevelt: an 397, 398, 403, 405, 406, Autobiography, 85–6 407, 410 “True Americanism” essay, 120 Moroccan crisis, 359, 361, 363 The Winning of the West, 24, 35, Panama Canal, 290 121, 137, 188, 190, 447, 488 as Secretary of War, 287, 300, 302 RELATIONSHIPS & FRIENDSHIPS: Root-Takahira Agreement, 271, 322, Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, 221 410–11 “Cowboy Cabinet”, 190 Rosenberg, Emily, 431 daughter Alice, 16 Ross, Edward A., 124, 202, 223

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 580580 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM INDEX 581

Rough Riders San Francisco earthquake of 1906, campaigning for TR, 57–8 395–6 deployment, 50–51 San Juan Hill, Battle of, 53–4, 62, 68 Las Guasimas, battle of, 52–3 Savine, Albert, 342, 343 recruits for, 49–50 Schallert, Edwin, 509–10 reunion, 68 Scheiner, Seth, 199, 201, 211 San Juan Hill, battle of, 53–4 Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 84 waiting time in Tampa, 50 Schmitz, Eugene, 398, 405, 406 The Rough Riders film, 505–6 Scorsese, Martin, 517 The Rough Riders (Roosevelt), 201, Scott, George C., 514 220 sea power, 80, 81, 82–3, 84, 257–8, Rough Riders television series, 516 271 Round Robin, 54–6 see also Mahan, Admiral Alfred Russia, 267–8 Thayer Alaska Settlement House, 114–15 boundary dispute, 296–7 Sewall, William, 13, 20–21, 22 sale to US, 297–8 Seward, William, 277, 279 Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, Shafter, General William Rufus, 50, 296, 299 55, 56 in Great War, 481 Shaw, Albert, 157 navy, 266 Sherman Act, 156, 157, 158, 159, Revolution, 481 167, 168, 169 Russian-American Convention of Sinclair, Upton, 165 1867, 297 Sinkler, George, 200 Russo-Japanese War see Russo- Smalley, George, 300 Japanese War Smith, Herbert Knox, 166, 167, 169 Saint Petersburg Treaty, 296, 299 Smithsonian Institution Treaty of Portsmouth, 268, 311, Freer Gallery of Art, 139, 147–9 319, 368, 373–4, 384 and TR’s African safari, 435, 436, Russian-American Convention of 440–41, 444 1867, 297 Socialist Party, 117–18 Russo-Japanese War, 267–8, 400–401 South America, 499 and Anglo-American relations, see also Colombia; Latin America; 318–19 Venezuela Crisis peace conference, 372 Southern US preparations for, 371–2 federal appointees controversies, TR’s mediation, 372–5 206, 229 Treaty of Portsmouth, 373–4 Republican Party’s weakness in, TR’s mediation, 319 209–10 reasons for, 369–70 segregation, 203, 398 US neutrality, 370 TR’s heritage, 198–9, 237–8 TR’s opposition to peonage and Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 140, 143–5, lynching, 207–8 146, 147, 231 TR’s strategy in, 209–11 Saint Petersburg Treaty, 296, 299 Washington Dinner, outcry over, Saleeby, C.W., 127–8 204–5, 228–9 Samoa, 280 Spain, 85, 275, 362

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 581581 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM 582 INDEX

Spanish-American War, 49, 218, reconciliation with TR, 526 280, 488 as TR’s Secretary of War, 211, 227, evacuation of US soldiers, 55–6 286, 357 French view of, 337 TR’s split with, 211, 453, 455, health of US soldiers, 54–6 457–60, 495 implications of, 262 Takahira, Kogoro, 370 Las Guasimas, battle of, 51–3 Tammany Hall political organization, naval preparation for, 47–8, 86 39, 64–5 navy’s role in, 261–3 Tardieu, André, 333, 340, 365 pre-war maneuvers, 47 Taylor, Admiral Henry Clay, 266, 379 Rough Riders see Rough Riders teddy bears, 502 Round Robin, 54–6 Teddy the Rough Rider film, 507 San Juan Hill, battle of, 53–4 Temple, Henry John, 3rd Viscount Spain’s failures, reasons for, 262–3 Palmerston, 279, 340 Spanish surrender of Santiago de Thayer, William Roscoe, 12, 21 Cuba, 54 Theodore Roosevelt: An American Lion TR’s promotion of, 85, 260–61 documentary, 515 see also Philippines Theodore Roosevelt: an Autobiography Spelling Reform Committee, 230 (Roosevelt), 85–6 Spring Rice, Cecil Arthur, 242, 316, Theodore Roosevelt and Six Friends of 319, 353, 364, 487 the Indian (Hagan), 190 “Square Deal”, 69, 160, 515 Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race Stacey, C.P., 295 (Dyer), 190, 200, 419 Sternburg, Hermann Speck von, 317, Thornbrough, Emma L., 209 319, 320, 343 Tilchin, William, 294, 306, 366 Stiller, Ben, 517 The Times, 85–6, 324, 383 Strachey, John St. Loe, 473 Tinsley, James A., 209 The Strenuous Life (Roosevelt), 122 Together (Herrick), 124–5 “Strenuous Life” speech, 68, 81, 122, Towne, Charles Hanson, 505 263, 488 TR documentary, 514–15, 515 Strong, William, 36 trans-isthmian canal Suez Canal, 278 need for, 87, 263, 264, 266, suffrage movement, 113–14, 116, 267, 275 117–18, 127, 129, 464 possible locations for, 275–6, 281 Sumner, General Samuel, 53 see also Panama Canal “super-politicians”, 61–2 Treaty of Mortefontaine, 334 Treaty of Portsmouth, 268, 311, 319, Taft, William Howard 373–4, 384 1912 election, 231, 452, 462–3, literature on, 368 465, 495 Treaty of Washington, 298, 309 as President, 436, 448, 454, 458 “True Americanism” (Roosevelt), 120 Children’s Bureau, 126 trust-busting, 156–8 Council of Fine Arts, 149 Turner, George, 301–2, 304, 306 dollar diplomacy, 422–3, 431 Latin America, interventions United Kingdom see Great Britain in, 290 United States Steel Corporation trust-busting, 344, 460 suit, 460

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 582582 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM INDEX 583

Van Vorst, Bessie, 124 Great War, 472, 479 Van Wyk, Augustus, 64–5 Moroccan crisis, 356, 357, 359, 361 Venezuela, 290 TR’s views on, 353 Venezuela Crisis, 4–5, 82, 226, 264–5, ultimatum to, 4–5 279–80, 316–17, 379–80 Venezuela Crisis, 380 Vice-President, TR as, 75, 76, 210 Williams, Robin, 517 as running-mate to McKinley, 74, Williams, Walter L., 194 263–4 Williamson, Joel, 210, 211 Viereck, George Sylvester, 473–4 Willis, John, 23 Wilson, James, 141 Wake Island, 280 Wilson, Woodrow, 67, 128, 135, 384 Walcott, Charles D., 436, 441, 444, 1912 election, 211, 212, 452, 453, 448 455, 464–5 Wald, Lillian, 114, 125, 126, 128, 132 and African Americans, 212, 351 Walker, William O., III, 431 declaration of war with Germany, Wallace, William, 35, 217 479 Wanamaker, Sam, 509 Fourteen Points, 128, 482, 483 Warner, Jack, 507 Latin America, interventions in, 290 Washburn, Charles G., 460 League of Nations, 383 Washington, Booker T., 203–5, 228, TR’s anti-Wilson crusade, 128, 231, 401, 425 232, 352, 468–9 Washington Dinner, 204–5, 228–9, advise to UK to disapprove of 401, 425 Wilson, 474 Washington Post, 36, 46 Americanism, lack of, 477 Watts, Sarah, 202 arbitration treaties, 381, 381–2, Wayne, John, 508 468–9 Weaver, John D., 209 defense of democracy, lack Webster, Richard Everard, Viscount of, 480 Alverstone, 302, 303, 304, 306 Fourteen Points, criticisms Wells, Emilie Louise, 125 of, 482 Welsh, Herbert, 191, 192 German interests, 476 Westbrook, Theodore, 29, 216 lack of preparedness for war, 471, Wheeler, General Joseph, 51, 52, 472, 475, 480, 481 53, 56 League of Peace, Germany’s Whistler, James, 147–8 inclusion in, 483 White, Andrew Dickson, 16 Lusitania, Wilson’s blame for, White, Henry, 316, 361, 384 146, 474–5 White House renovation, 142–3 pacifism, 469–70, 471, 478–9 White, John, 204 personal character, 469, 476, White, Richard, 36 480, 481 White, William Allen, 127, 210, 219, poor statecraft, 476 224, 495 reliance on treaties, 469 The Wilderness Warrior (Brinkley), 8, words without action, 477, 478 173 The Wind and the Lion film, 512–13 wildlife reserves, 179–80 The Winning of the West (Roosevelt), William II, Emperor of Germany 24, 35, 121, 137, 188, 190, (Kaiser) 447, 488

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 583583 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM 584 INDEX

Wise, Stephen, 457 and technological changes, 115 Wister, Owen, 17, 249 and working conditions, 116–17, 125 Witte, Sergei, 371, 372, 373, 374 Women’s Peace Party, 128 Woman and Womanhood (Saleeby), Wood, Colonel Leonard, 49, 50, 127–8 50–51, 52, 53, 493 A Woman’s Point of View (Blatch), Woodbury, John, 12 130 The Works of Theodore Roosevelt women (Hagedorn, ed.), 186–7 in labor force, 115–16, 124–5 The World newspaper, 218, 222, peace, working for, 128–9 227, 231 political activism of, 113 World War I see Great War child welfare, 126 Wounded Knee Massacre, 192 in labor force, 116 Wright, Luke, 397 suffrage movement, 114, 116–18, 127, 129 “The Yellow Peril” (London), 394 working conditions, 125–6 Young, Brigadier-General Samuel, social politics, 114–15 51–2, 53

RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 584584 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 585585 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 586586 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 587587 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 588588 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 589589 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM RRicard_bindex.inddicard_bindex.indd 590590 77/8/2011/8/2011 6:00:026:00:02 PMPM