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Smartphones and Their Impact on Communication: Case Study of Slovakia

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Smartphones and Their Impact on Communication: Case Study of Slovakia Smartphones and their Impact on Communication: Case study of Slovakia Thesis By Denisa Kubackova Bachelor of Arts In Communication and Mass Media State University of New York Empire State College Year 2015 Reader: Silvia Chelala Acknowledgements I would like to thank to the entire staff and administration of UNYP and ESC for all their hard work, commitment and help throughout my studies. Especially, I would like to thank my mentor Silvia Chelala for the support and time she spent working on my thesis. I would like to also mention Todd Nesbitt and Tess Slavíčková for invaluable knowledge and guidance in the areas of communication and advertising. I truly believe that the understanding and skill I have obtained will help me in my future career success. Table of contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………....6 CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION THEORIES……...…………………….…………............9 1.1 Communication theory……………………………………………………...........9 1.2 Marshall McLuhan’s communication theory……………………...………….11 1.3 Harold Innis’s communication theory………....................................................14 1.4 Computer mediated communication (CMC) theory……...………………......15 1.5 The type of society new technology devices as smartphones create………....16 CHAPTER 2 HISTORY OF SMARTPHONES ……………………………………….…....18 2.1 What is a smartphone, what is an application? …………………….………...18 2.2 Evolution of smartphones……………………………………………………....19 2.3 Differences between usage of smartphones in the past years and nowadays.22 CHAPTER 3 INFLUENCE OF SMARTPHONES AND ITS APPLICATION ON ADOLESCENTS…………………………………………………………………25 3.1 How smartphones and its application influence communication …................25 3.2 How adolescents use smartphones……………………………..…..…………...27 3.3 What are the main activities on smartphones…………………………………27 CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL NETWORKS………………………………...………………………...29 4.1 History of social networks………………………………………...…………….29 4.2 Social networks……………………………………………..……………………30 CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH IN SLOVAKIA ……………………………………………...…...32 5.1 Introduction……………………………....……………………………………...32 5.2 Purpose of study ………….………………………………..……………………33 5.3 Methodology…………………………………………………..………………....34 5.4 Participants…………………………………………………..…………………..35 5.5 Instrumentation………………………………………………..………………...35 5.6 Data Collection……………………………………………………………..…...36 5.7 Results…………………………………………………………….……………..37 5.8 Discussion…………………………………………………………………….....39 CHAPTER 6 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SMARTPHONES AND ITS APPLICATIONS ON ADOLESCENTS COMMUNICATION……….........40 6.1 Positive effects of smartphones on communication………………………......40 6.2 Negative effects of smartphones on communication……………...…………..43 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION………………...………………………………………………..46 APENDIX………………………………………………………………………...…………...…..49 WORKS CITED…………………………………………………………………………..……...61 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………...…………………....64 ABSTRACT Quick evolution of new technology devices leads to the fact that communication between new generations is more often dependent on technology devices that change the communication of adolescents completely. Classical face-to-face communication is replaced by more popular computer mediated communication, which not only influences communication but also whole interaction of adolescents. Internet together with social networks, the most famous applications currently downloaded to smartphones, are the main reasons of the grave change in communication. Adolescents in Slovakia spend considerable amount of time by interacting and communicating online, leading to computer-mediated communication becoming more frequent than the face-to-face interaction. Based on the results, online communication creates safe environment for adolescents and allows them to be able communicate with friend over long distances, meaning that this kind of communication is improving their relationships in terms of frequency of communication. Part of the thesis is focused on an original research conducted in Slovakia, analyzing the use of smartphones by adolescents. The purpose of the research was to shed light on possible differences between what is generally known about modern technology gadgets’ usage and the actual situation in a small CEE country Slovakia is. The results showed that the globalized world possibly brings the way of utilizing devices such as smartphones to a level that does not vary among nationalities. The implications are further discussed in the paper. Along with the innovation of new technology, we should understand that not only positives are provided to us. We need to recognize and be aware of the fact that innovations can also bring the harms and risks for new young generations, and parents shall be well informed and not let their children be freely exposed to these risks. Introduction Modern quick and often stressful lifestyle makes people live, work and communicate in ways greatly different from ever before. We live at times when stress becomes almost a natural part of everyday life and we often have to accept it. We also attempt to simplify many activities by using new technologies. After all, technologies are one of the fields that have been helping us this way substantially. They have been developing very quickly, and every year there are innovations for new devices that become useful in many different fields, actually influencing our existence. Going past in history to the Marshall McLuhan’s theory of communication, we might agree with his predictions. His theory of communication describes the understanding of electronic media and its impact on culture and society. His predictions asserted years ago are happening right now within our society. People think and interact differently through utilizing the electronic technology. Smartphones are one of those devices that became the number one tool in this sense, as the usage is very simple, quick and helps people solve many kinds of problems easily. They could be considered small computers because their functions actually fulfill that description. These technology gadgets are no longer than 8-10 years available on the market, if we consider the ones that are seriously comparable with computers such as iPhone or newest Android models. In 2007, the first iPhone was launched and since then average consumers became hooked on similar devices. If we look at our society, especially at adolescents, we could easily say that their interpersonal and group communication and interaction have been altered by these changes remarkably, exactly as McLuhan 6 communication theory predicted. New devices allow people to communicate through word of mouth conversation that could be compared with classical telephone as well as let them use the written word in text messages. Combined with that, the connection to the internet is another reason why they became so popular. Smartphones became a part of ourselves, because we use all mentioned appliances as our planners, dictionaries, calendars, notes, and more; they are able to tell us what we have to do in a particular time, making remembering anything by ourselves irrelevant if we wish so. Important to mention are also the applications - apps - through which adolescents, as well as other smartphone users, are able to find anything they need, use communication in different ways, edit pictures and videos, browse the internet and more. There is the possibility to find applications of any kind of interest; they seem almost unlimited in the category range. Some of them are for free, many can be quite expensive. The application development is now a prevalent business opportunity for a reason. Since people are able to use these technology devices in many ways for different purposes, however, it also carries the danger of having many negative effects. The problematic of effects of these devices on people are among the most commonly discussed topics in the world. If we look at this problem from the point of impact that smartphones have on adolescents, we can see possibly even unexpected results. There has been a lot of researches done on adolescents, which were focusing on the impact of smartphones and other electronic devices. There is a question if these new technology gadgets have been influencing people in a good or bad way. From the communication point of view, we could consider the change in our lives specifically in the way we communicate, as our communication became more effective and quicker, possibly creating a positive 7 effect. Another positive effect would be that since people have smartphones almost always within their reach, they are able to communicate and interact with the world constantly and almost for free in terms of the cheap access to the internet. Smartphones allow us to solve more problems at the same time as well as give us the opportunity to be at the same time in many different places. This mostly influences the younger generations, especially adolescents, who became amazed by and addicted to smartphones. That might be the negative effect of these new technology devices. They see the power of social networks, which are now available, easily reachable and possibly very addictive. There are different ways how to use smartphones, notable for instance among genders. Functions such as camera, photos and the use of social network became highly popular for girls who like to document their lifestyles (Park & Lee, 2014). Boys are most likely to use these devices for music videos, GPS and social networks. These gender differences emerge from the fact that there are differences between girl and boys in
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