The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientic society, and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 261 a liated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-prot AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fullls its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert! (www.eurekalert.org), the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.

American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440

For more information about supporting AAAS, please e-mail developmento [email protected], or call 202-326-6636.

On the cover: The mile-wide Margerie Glacier extends 21 miles upstream and stands 250 feet above the water’s surface, with a base submerged 100 feet below sea level. A tidewater glacier named for French geographer and geologist Emmanuel de Margerie (1862-1953), it moves from the mountains to the sea. Each year, more than 430,000 people engage with science by visiting Alaska’s Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, where the Margerie Glacier is located.

Alan I. Leshner captured this photograph on 10 June 2011.

[FSC MixedSources logo / Rainforest Alliance Certified / 100 percent green power logo] PRINTER WILL ADD Welcome Letter by William H. Press and Alan I. Leshner ...... 2 Public Statements on Key Issues ...... 4 TABLE OF Media and Public Engagement ...... 7 Science Diplomacy Worldwide ...... 10 CONTENTS Science, Policy, and Society ...... 13 Government Relations ...... 16 Science, Technology, and Security Policy ...... 18 The Science Family of Journals ...... 21 Improving Science Literacy ...... 25 Education, Outreach, and Careers ...... 27 AAAS Divisions ...... 29 Leaving a Legacy at AAAS ...... 31 AAAS Awards and Prizes ...... 33 AAAS Fellows ...... 36 Acknowledgment of Contributors ...... 38 Financial Summary ...... 50 AAAS Board of Directors, O”cers, and Information...... 51 WELCOME from the AAAS Chair, William H. Press, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner

Scienti–c shutdown interrupted critical research, discovery bene–ts AAAS spoke up for science by emphasizing humanity by the importance of R&D investments, and generating through objective analysis of funding trends. technology and In February, AAAS organized a nationwide invention, which petition drive protesting sequestration, give rise to new and in October, the association contributed products, jobs, testimony at a U.S. Senate hearing on the industry, and devastating impacts of sweeping cuts to wealth. At the the American scienti–c enterprise. When same time, basic the social and behavioral sciences were research improves our world by enhancing singled out for cutbacks, AAAS teamed up the intellectual richness of society while with other leading institutions, delivering also driving innovation. The inherent beauty an intersociety letter to legislators on the and the practical bene–ts of science make urgent need to address science-based clear why investment in the scienti–c problems such as drug addiction (see pages enterprise pays o˜, yielding new ideas that 4–6). Public and policymaker brie–ngs by drive macroeconomic growth and promise AAAS meanwhile underscored the promise solutions to urgent global challenges—from of neuroscience, thanks to The Dana disease and food security, to global climate Foundation. change and water scarcity. Presidential Science Advisor John P. Transformative technologies such as the Holdren, appearing at the AAAS S&T Policy Internet, the Google page-rank algorithm, Forum, reinforced the call for a balanced magnetic resonance imaging, and lithium-ion portfolio of federal R&D investments. A batteries, as well as life-saving advances in proposal to narrow the range of projects cancer diagnosis and treatment, are only a supported by the National Research few examples of how science and technology Foundation “would throw the basic research have improved human welfare and the baby out with the bathwater,” Holdren economy. Moreover, while many of us would cautioned (page 14). Another Forum speaker, be pleased by a 5% return on any investment, Korean Presidential Advisor Jong-Guk Song studies have shown that basic research every reported that South Korea will spend 4% year o˜ers a 20% to 60% annual rate of of its gross domestic product on science return on our investments. and technology while also increasing its Yet, between –scal years 2010 and 2013, emphasis on basic research. the U.S. federal investment in research and AAAS work in 2013—reflecting the development dropped by 16.3% in constant increasing importance of international dollars—down to roughly 0.79% as a share of research collaboration to both speed the economy—its lowest level in 50 years. In advances and promote diplomacy—did not contrast, China’s investment in R&D from all stop at the U.S. borders. With a grant from sources, including government and private the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, as an sources, has increased by more than 400% example, AAAS supported a cooperative over the past decade, while South Korea’s e˜ort between Western and North Korean has more than doubled. scientists to better understand Mount Paektu, As U.S. science agencies in 2013 su˜ered a volcano that straddles China and the across-the-board budget cuts known as Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (pages “sequestration” and a federal government 10–12). Science & Diplomacy, published by

2 AAAS, provided a forum on topics such as This transformation initiative will expand the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS the association’s science communication Relief. The association’s Center for Science, capacity; strengthen engagement with Technology, and Security Policy organized members through advocacy and career many public discussions, including one on services; and position the Science family chemical weapons attacks in Syria, plus of journals as a leader in the dynamic, policymaker brie–ngs to help inform science- multimedia landscape of the future. Already, security decisions. Science-focused e˜orts in AAAS has redesigned its website (www. the service of human rights took AAAS sta˜ to aaas.org) and announced plans for the 2015 Africa, Europe, and elsewhere. launch of a new online-only, open-access Supporting the next generation of journal, Science Advances, which will serve scientists and engineers remains central to as an extended forum for the broadest the AAAS mission. In 2013, AAAS e˜orts in possible array of high-quality, peer-reviewed the educational realm included research- research (pages 21–24). based projects to improve the way that Remarkable scienti–c achievements in middle-school students learn science, 2013, from advances in cancer research new tools for teaching evolution, and to the experimental con–rmation of professional-development conferences the Higgs-Boson particle, reminded us for hundreds of educators (25–28). The of the tremendous promise of science Science Careers website o˜ered resources to improve our lives and expand our to help advance careers in science and knowledge. Through Science’s award- technology, and through the S&T Policy winning news team, as well as AAAS media Fellowships program, which celebrated its and public-engagement e˜orts (pages 40th anniversary in 2013, AAAS dispatched 7–9), the association strives to uphold another 279 scientists and engineers to key the public’s trust in the integrity of the service roles on Capitol Hill (page 13). scienti–c enterprise, and to speak up for As AAAS welcomed new Science Editor- the importance of science and scientists. in-Chief Marcia McNutt and News Editor We remain grateful for the support of many Tim Appenzeller, the Board of Directors researchers whose hard work and dedica- launched a comprehensive e˜ort to make an tion exemplify the beauty and the bene–ts already robust organization even stronger. of science.

WIlliam H. Press Alan I. Leshner AAAS Chair (2013-2014) and AAAS CEO and Executive Publisher, Warren J. and Viola M. Raymer Professor Science, Science Translational Medicine in Computer Science and Integrative and Science Signaling Technology, University of Texas, Austin

3 The association in 2013 repeatedly urged adequate federal support PUBLIC for research and development, through testimony and letters to STATEMENTS policymakers, and by getting the message directly to the press and the public. AAAS also called on scientists and engineers to ON KEY help communicate about climate change, and to volunteer for ISSUES human rights projects, while advocating for greater awareness of scientists’ contributions to society.

ADVOCACY FOR U.S. R&D FUNDING sequestration would undermine critical 28 February. As a “–scal cli˜” threatened research in –elds ranging from health and federal R&D investments and American defense, to agriculture and the study of competitiveness, AAAS rolled out a petition, natural disasters. “Support for science is AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner signed by some 16,000 individuals, urging support for economic growth, innovation, and told lawmakers at a U.S. “a bipartisan compromise that moves the technological progress,” the petition noted. Senate hearing that country on to sound –scal footing without continuing to cut federal investment in scienti–c sacri–cing our nation’s critical investments 14 March. AAAS strongly opposed a plan research would damage in science and technology.” The petition, to eliminate National Science Foundation our nation’s economy. sent to President Barack Obama and key (NSF) spending on political science research Leshner also urged an end to the 2013 U.S. congressional leadership, pointed out that grants, as proposed by the Coburn-McCain Government shutdown, R&D investments do not drive national amendment. In letters to Senators Barbara which he said was impeding crucial budget de–cits. It warned, further, that Mikulski (D-Maryland) and Richard Shelby science-related work. indiscriminate budget cuts under a budget (R-Alabama), AAAS noted that NSF support for political science has “contributed to important research on democratization, radicalization, terrorism, and disaster response.” In fact, AAAS wrote, “every major issue a˜ecting our economic competitiveness will ultimately be multidisciplinary in nature, requiring the integration of the physical sciences and biological sciences with the social and behavioral sciences, including political science.”

11 October. The U.S. Government shutdown dealt another “serious blow to an already beleaguered American scienti–c enterprise,” which saw federal R&D expenditures decline by an alarming 16.3% between 2010 and 2013, the AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner testi–ed at a U.S. Senate hearing. “Losing our eminence in science would be a drastic consequence [of the shutdown] that likely would result in fewer foreign scientists coming to study and work in the

United States, fewer U.S.-based science SCHAFFER/AAAS CARLA

4 and technology breakthroughs, and fewer climate change. “Global climate change AAAS and its partners, U.S. startup companies and jobs,” Leshner caused primarily by human activities is Brodeur Consulting and Climate Nexus, received told the Senate Committee on Commerce, now underway,” the AAAS CEO wrote. “It is funding for the “What Science, and Transportation. “Undermining essential that we develop strategies to adapt We Know” climate- the nation’s support for research will not to ongoing changes and make communities change communication project. World-renowned resolve our –scal problem,” he added. more resilient to future changes.” scientists Mario Molina, “Instead, it will exacerbate it, slowing down James McCarthy, and Diana Wall were tapped to the engine of discovery that drives innovation 10 July. Funding from the Rockefeller Family head a scienti–c advisory and economic growth.” Fund, Larry H. Linden, and others made panel. Visit online at it possible for AAAS to join the “What We whatweknow.aaas.org. 16 October. In response to a USA Today op-ed Know” initiative, a collaborative e˜ort to by Representative Lamar Smith (R-Texas), communicate the risks of climate change to AAAS wrote to the chairman of the House scientists, economists, community leaders, Science, Space, and Technology Committee, policymakers, and the public. Scienti–c urging him to support NSF-funded social and advisors convened by AAAS set forth three behavioral sciences research, such as studies key messages. First, they said, some 97% to better understand drug addiction, and to of climate scientists accept the reality of model political stability worldwide. “Targeting human-caused climate change. Also, climate speci–c grants or eliminating entire sets of change is already a˜ecting communities, disciplines would produce a chilling e˜ect and in the future, there is a small, but real across the scienti–c community that inhibits chance that we could face abrupt changes scienti–c progress and our ability to tackle with massively disruptive impacts. Most societal challenges,” AAAS cautioned. importantly, advisors said, there is much we can do to respond to climate change, and the GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE sooner we respond, the better o˜ we will be. 25 June. AAAS sent a letter commending President Barack Obama’s goal to reduce GUN¯VIOLENCE RESEARCH U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 17% 17 January. In letters o the U.S. President below 2005 levels by 2020, and to prepare and two congressional representatives, the

CARLA SCHAFFER/AAAS CARLA the United States for the impacts of AAAS CEO applauded a presidential directive

5 to science agencies, including the Centers SCIENTISTS IN SOCIETY for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to 7 May. “To remain competitive, America must study the causes of gun violence and how build its science and technology workforce best to prevent it. The President’s plan called for the future,” the AAAS CEO wrote in a letter on Congress to allocate $10 million to support supporting a plan that would have named gun-violence research through the CDC. A unpaid, honorary U.S. Science Laureates. proposed Firearm Safety and Public Health “Inspiring young people to enter science and Research Act, supported by Representatives engineering –elds will require changing the Carolyn B. Maloney (D-New York) and Ed mind-set of American culture. Charismatic, Markey (D-Massachusetts), would end a long- diverse scientist-citizens can serve as role standing freeze on gun-violence research. models for the next generation, helping to Also in 2013, a committee, chaired by the convey the excitement of discovery and the AAAS CEO and convened by the Institute value of empowering all students through of Medicine and the National Research a high-quality science education.” The U.S. Council, set forth key research priorities for Science Laureates Act was introduced by a understanding the public health aspects of bipartisan team, including Representatives gun-related violence. Zoe Lofgren (D-California) and Lamar Smith (R-Texas), as well as Senators Mazie SAFE, RESPONSIBLE SCIENCE K. Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Roger Wicker April 17. AAAS sent comments, in support of (R-Mississippi). national security goals, to help o”cials –ne- tune the U.S. Government Policy for Institu- 30 May. In 1974, the United Nations tional Oversight of Life Sciences Dual-Use Educational, Scienti–c and Cultural Research of Concern. AAAS input focused on Organization (UNESCO) set forth a ensuring that “dual-use” research stays out of Recommendation on the Status of Scienti–c the wrong hands, while at the same time sup- Researchers that called on member states porting the responsible exchange of scienti–c to recognize the societal value of scientists, information. Oversight is essential, AAAS engineers, and their work. AAAS in 2013 said, but it should avoid hindering studies of commented on proposed revisions to infectious diseases or other e˜orts to improve those recommendations. Speci–cally, the human welfare. association called for updates to reflect the impacts of the “digital revolution” on the SCIENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS scienti–c enterprise, as well as continuing 17 December. An op-ed on the SciDev.Net respect for the principles of both scienti–c website, authored by three members of the freedom and responsibility. AAAS Scienti–c Responsibility, Human Rights, and Law Program, called on scientists and en- TRAVEL TO SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES gineers to volunteer their time and talents to 26 February. With a dozen other scienti–c human rights e˜orts. The piece commended organizations, AAAS alerted U.S. the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemi- policymakers to the high value of federal cal Weapons, which received a Nobel Peace participation in scienti–c and technical Prize for its e˜orts to eliminate cheap, easily conferences. In a jointly signed letter, produced and deadly chemical weapons. It AAAS acknowledged the need to carefully also urged researchers to become involved review public costs associated with sending with groups such as the AAAS On-call Scien- scientists to meetings. AAAS emphasized, tists. The op-ed article by Mark S. Frankel, however, that conferences help to promote Jessica Wyndham, and Theresa Harris further the speedy exchange of scienti–c information called for institutional mechanisms to reward across disciplines. Conferences also provide scientists and engineers who take part in essential presentation opportunities for

volunteer e˜orts that bene–t society. students, AAAS wrote. BOSTON ¯ PHOTOGRAPHY ATLANTIC

6 The value of scienti–c accomplishment can be multiplied exponentially with e˜ective and accurate communication. Providing news of the MEDIA latest scienti–c developments, and a corresponding understanding AND PUBLIC of their implications, is an important part of informing the public ENGAGEMENT about some of the most important issues of the day and gaining their support for rational policymaking. AAAS o˜ers an Annual Meeting that is highly accessible to the press and to the public, plus a variety of events designed to engage people of all ages and interests. Also important to the AAAS goal of promoting the accurate and e˜ective communication of science is a range of programs intended to reach journalists across the country and around the world.

²³´µ AAAS ANNUAL MEETING investment by industry and government, The world’s largest general scienti–c yields a high rate of social and economic conference brought nearly 10,000 scientists, return. engineers, policy-makers, educators, In remarks made to some of the nearly William H. Press, journalists, and students to Boston 1,000 newsroom registrants present at the 2013 AAAS President, in 2013. Amid the announcement of a meeting, noted researcher and outgoing told attendees at the AAAS Annual Meeting huge range of scienti–c discoveries with AAAS President William H. Press called that future economic equally wide-ranging impacts, a dominant the scienti–c enterprise “the greatest success depends on government investment theme emerged. Scienti–c research and mechanism ever invented to turn human in scienti–c research and development, although requiring patient creativity into economic bene–ts.” development. ATLANTIC PHOTOGRAPHY ¯ BOSTON ¯ PHOTOGRAPHY ATLANTIC

7 At Family Science Days, a Press warned, however, that sustained world of science. The event was part of boy proved that science government funding for basic research is EurekAlert’s broader e˜ort to promote is fun as he observed a strawberry DNA required to capture those bene–ts. accurate communication of science globally. extraction, seen in the The 5,400 general participants in the Speaking to 175 public information o”cers thin white layer between the strawberry layer and meeting attended sessions about an (PIOs) and other attendees from across the the clear layer. innovative e˜ort to help stroke patients United States, the journalists discussed regain speech, the latest assessment of the increasing importance of social media, At right, photographer Michael Benson spoke in the potential for life on Mars, and the brain which Robert Lee Hotz, science writer for front of his “Planetfall” similarities between humans and chimps. The Wall Street Journal, referred to as a planetary landscapes, More than 3,600 children and their family “spectacular opportunity” to communicate which were displayed in the AAAS Art Gallery. members attended the meeting’s popular to a broad audience. Family Science Days, where they were able Reporters at the event emphasized to paint with glowing bacteria, build a solar that the speed of modern communication cell using blackberries, drive an underwater heightens the pressure on PIOs to maintain robot, and meet engaging scientists and journalistic standards, said Science engineers. Press Package Director Meagan Phelan, A daylong seminar called Communicating “speci–cally, to get facts straight and avoid Science brought scientists and top hyperbole when they are promoting their journalists together to discuss e˜ective use institutions’ news.” of print, broadcast, and online media, as well as o˜ering a session in communicating REACHING REPORTERS GLOBALLY science to policy-makers. The seminar The AAAS O”ce of Public Programs looked at the growing role of social media in organized its –rst-ever press conference scienti–c communication, outlining the ways in Shanghai in 2013. Joy Ma of EurekAlert! that researchers can use social media to Chinese handled the opening remarks and engage the public. introductions for a brie–ng focused on the –rst high-resolution view of two co-receptors EUREKALERT! SEMINAR: that the human immunode–ciency virus (HIV) BEYOND PRINT COMMUNICATION uses to attack the immune system. Reporters At a National Press Club seminar organized from leading Chinese media outlets by EurekAlert!, the science-news service of attended. AAAS, top journalists focused on the crucial The brie–ng was one of 12 international, role of online and social media platforms in multilingual press conferences organized

the communication of developments in the by AAAS in 2013, including in Zurich, Tokyo, ZAMBON KAT PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; ATLANTIC SCHAFFER; CARLA PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; ATLANTIC LEFT: FROM

8 and Leuven, Belgium. Maryland in a series of four workshops— Above le¹, panelists took Other activities designed to communicate resulting in the strengthening of a community part in a “Communicating Science to Policy-Makers” to the global community of journalists of peers engaged in science communication. session at the 2013 AAAS included ongoing media outreach to With support from the AAAS workshop and Annual Meeting.

EurekAlert! registrants, 50% of which the university, the scientists were able to Above right, AAAS sta˜- are outside of the United States, and a produce high-quality video, public websites, ers Sarah Ingra˜ea and round of AAAS-EurekAlert! Fellowships for and social media accounts. Kavita Berger manned the jelly bean table at the International Science Reporters awarded White House Easter Egg to journalists from leading publications SENIOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS Roll. The two explained in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Connecting students and teachers to real that it takes about 30 sec- onds of aerobic activity and Peru. science, and real scientists, is one of the to burn four calories, and most e˜ective ways to improve science they led kids in jumping jacks before doling out SCIENCE COMMUNICATION WORKSHOPS education, according to Shirley Malcom, the candy. Scientists and engineers are essential to director of AAAS Education and Human the communication of science, but they Resources and the former co-chair of the may need to develop those skills. Scientists National Science Board Commission on 21st who participate in the AAAS Communicating Century Education on STEM. With the goal of Science workshops have the opportunity creating such connections, AAAS continued to de–ne their audiences, develop their to sponsor the popular Senior Scientists and key messages, and practice giving short Engineers volunteer program, which put 70 presentations. The workshops help them retired scientists, engineers, and physicians to become better communicators so that in public school classrooms in Maryland they can engage in a variety of public and and Virginia. Retired scientists are o¹en “an professional interactions, including public untapped source of talent and potential,” presentations, media interviews, and Malcom said. productive exchanges via social media. Thanks to a generous donation from a In 2013 the program provided nine AAAS Fellow, the program will become the workshops and two talks, reaching 276 model for a nationwide network called the scientists and engineers. Since its inception, AAAS National STEM Volunteer Program. A the program has held 39 workshops for 1,924 pilot of the expanded e˜ort will be launched scientists and engineers, and has o˜ered 36 in 2014 with a series of seed grants for talks that have reached an additional 1,000. AAAS members to partner with non-pro–ts In 2013, AAAS had the opportunity to in their communities to bring scientists and

FROM LEFT: ATLANTIC PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; CARLA SCHAFFER; ATLANTIC PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; KAT ZAMBON KAT PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; ATLANTIC SCHAFFER; CARLA PHOTOGRAPHY¯BOSTON; ATLANTIC LEFT: FROM work with scientists from the University of engineers into local classrooms.

9 The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy helped advance international collaboration in 2013 by reaching out to scientists and policymakers SCIENCE worldwide. Projects ranged from coordinating new monitoring of DIPLOMACY a volcano in North Korea, to helping to convene experts from the WORLDWIDE developing world to work together on resource issues requiring science-based solutions. Science diplomacy initiated by AAAS fostered global progress in many areas and improved quality of life, while encouraging good relations between countries.

SCIENCE & DIPLOMACY IMPACTS PEPFAR halted a precipitous plunge in Recent history abounds with little- life expectancy in Africa that came with the known examples of international science HIV/AIDS epidemic. It also established solid collaborations that have achieved great partnerships with African countries, building goals, not the least of which is improved and strengthening U.S. ties in that region. relations, mutual trust, and peaceful, Science & Diplomacy, which was launched productive cooperation between countries. with support from the Golden Family One such example is the U.S. President’s Foundation, brings expert perspectives on Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), issues involving science and international which was described in a 2013 issue relations to policy analysts, government of Science & Diplomacy, the quarterly o”cials, scientists, and educators. According publication of the AAAS Center for Science to a recent survey, 18% of readers work Diplomacy. Author Harold Varmus, director for a government, 45% are in academia, of the National Cancer Institute and winner and 17% work for a think tank or nonpro–t of the Nobel Prize, pointed out that by 2012, organization. In 2013, articles ranged from a PEPFAR had through bilateral agreements discussion about engaging with North Korea between the U.S. and African countries through protection of its biodiversity, to an Maps reflecting the global distribution of supplied about 5 million patients in the examination of the value of collaboration working physicians (le¹) developing world with antiretroviral drugs— with Iran in the medical and health sciences. HIV infections (middle), up from 1.7 million in 2008—while protecting and AIDS-related deaths (right) in 2002-2004 nearly a million infants from maternally SCIENCE ENGAGEMENT WITH show the disease’s transmitted HIV, as well as testing nearly 50 NORTH KOREA outsized burden compared to available million people for infection and distributing The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy medical care. prevention information and condoms. helped launch an unprecedented scienti–c OPPOSITE WORLDMAPPER; THIS PAGE ©²³´µ KOSIMA WEBER LIU »EEMP¼ LIU WEBER KOSIMA ©²³´µ PAGE THIS WORLDMAPPER; OPPOSITE

10 collaboration in 2013, bringing American and the Pyongyang International Information Above le¹, researchers British scienti–c resources to North Korea for Center on New Technology and Economy, confer beside one of six stations built on Mount cooperative seismological research and rock a nongovernmental organization. The Paektu to monitor seismic sampling on North Korea’s sacred volcano project was arranged by the Environmental activity.

Mount Paektu. Until the collaboration began, Education Media Project, a non-pro–t Above right, Korean data from the North Korean side of the focused on ecosystem management. Earthquake Bureau mountain, which has two-thirds of its mass The funding for the construction and geologist Kim Ju Song (le¹), Clive Oppenheimer, in China, was unavailable. maintenance of –eld stations to house and Kayla Iacovino “This e˜ort represents an exciting six seismometers, as well as other explore a Mount Paektu demonstration of active cooperation logistics, came from the Richard Lounsbery dried lava creek. between Western and North Korean Foundation in Washington, D.C. British scientists in the –elds of volcanology and organizations, including the Royal Society, seismology, and so far it appears to be were also instrumental in bringing the working very well,” said Norman Neureiter, project to fruition. senior advisor to the AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy. “It has the potential of SUPPORTING SCIENCE THROUGH leading to a program of extended scienti–c DIPLOMACY cooperation with North Korea.” Vaughan Turekian, director of the AAAS Two years in the making, the research Center for Science Diplomacy, addressed collaboration will not only provide new scientists and policy experts from the monitoring data and scienti–c insight to developing world at a 2013 workshop held volcanologists around the world, it will also at The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). help to predict and quantify the volcano’s Advocating smaller and developing nations’ future eruptions. Mount Paektu last erupted increased involvement in science diplomacy, about a thousand years ago, spewing ash Turekian pointed out that even nations just over more than 33,000 square kilometers beginning to build their scienti–c strength of northeast China and Korea. A decade could use science diplomacy as a means ago, small tremors at the volcano motivated of increased and improved interaction with Chinese and Korean authorities to increase other countries. their monitoring. At the event, which was part of a science One of the –rst scienti–c collaborations diplomacy program organized by AAAS and between the Democratic People’s Republic TWAS, Turekian spoke of the event’s value of Korea (DPRK) and the West, the as a means of advancing science globally monitoring arrangement began in 2011 by bringing together experts from the

OPPOSITE WORLDMAPPER; THIS PAGE ©²³´µ KOSIMA WEBER LIU »EEMP¼ LIU WEBER KOSIMA ©²³´µ PAGE THIS WORLDMAPPER; OPPOSITE with the support of AAAS, at the request of developing and the developed worlds.

11 Above le¹, at the World The AAAS/TWAS science diplomacy program all the participants in a collaboration are full Science Forum, Science “is connecting science and diplomacy to partners, that they focus on issues of local Editor-in-Chief Marcia McNutt described an two organizations that have access to a very importance, that they –nd ways to deal with urgent need for better broad scienti–c community,” Turekian said. resource disparities among the countries approaches to the sus- represented, and that they agree upon tainable management of resources. WORLD SCIENCE FORUM, RIO DE JANEIRO standards and values regarding scienti–c Addiction researchers in the United States ethics, intellectual property, and publication Above right, an increase in U.S. shale gas explora- and China have explored more e˜ective or access issues. tion has had global im- local approaches to addiction treatment Science Editor-in-Chief Marcia NcNutt also pacts, speakers said at a using traditional Chinese medicine and presented at the international event. forum sponsored by Hita- chi, Ltd. and co-organized “Western” medicine. U.S. scientists have by AAAS and the Brook- traveled to Iran for the country’s –rst HIV/ U.S.¯POLISH SCIENCE COLLABORATIONS ings Institution. Shown AIDS conference, where they mapped out AAAS and the Foundation for Polish Science are (l-r): Jonathan Fink, Portland State Univer- promising areas for collaboration. At a launched a new award in 2013 honoring sity; Gretchen Goldman, workshop in Uganda, researchers from the scientists “who have made exceptional Center for Science and United States, the United Kingdom, and research achievements as a result of Polish- Democracy at the Union of Concerned Scientists; several African countries brainstormed American scienti–c cooperation.” The Vaughan Turekian, AAAS; strategies to improve the treatment of award recognizes a long history of U.S.- and Sean J. O’Brien, state representative for Ohio’s mental, neurological, and substance-use Polish science collaboration across many 63rd district. disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa. disciplines, said AAAS Chief International These examples illustrate health science O”cer Turekian, who added: “As we diplomacy bringing nations together to move forward, the initiative will help us to address local and regional health challenges identify areas where international research while also encouraging positive international cooperation can both advance science and relations, said Alan I. Leshner, CEO of AAAS, build closer societal relationships.” at the 2013 World Science Forum in Rio de Poland’s primary scienti–c strengths, Janeiro. “Science diplomacy is now a force according to a 2013 report by the European in global health, science policy, and foreign Commission, encompass food, agriculture policy,” he said. and –sheries; energy; the environment; The examples also revealed some information and communication principles key to successful science technologies; and certain areas of materials diplomacy, Leshner said in a roundtable science. discussion at the forum, which attracted participants from more than 100 countries.

Those principles include making sure that SCHAFFER CARLA RIGHT: LACERDA; CRISTINA LEFT:

12 Initiatives by the AAAS Center of Science, Policy, and Society Programs (CSPSP) bridge the worlds of science and public policy SCIENCE, through a renowned fellowship program that places scientists in POLICY, AND Congress and executive branch agencies, and an annual forum that attracts science policy leaders. CSPSP also supports programs SOCIETY that promote mutual understanding and dialogue between the scienti–c and religious communities, provide technical expertise to organizations engaged in scienti–c research, provide a network that allows scientists to work with human rights organizations on major safety, health, and quality-of-life issues, and examine issues at the intersection of science, ethics, and law.

S&T POLICY FELLOWS TURN ½³ The program also saw a record number of The AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fel- applicants in 2013, with 841 applications for lowships hit a milestone in 2013, as the 40th these coveted opportunities. class—the largest in the program’s history, at In recent years, Science & Technology 279 fellows—completed their year of service Policy Fellows and program alumni helped in Congressional o”ces and executive branch build public-private partnerships for sci- agencies. Designed to provide scienti–c ence and technology in Muslim communi- expertise to inform U.S. and global policy- ties throughout the world, contributed to making while helping scientists and engi- President Barack Obama’s task force on neers learn about the processes of policy and global climate-change adaptation, and The 2013 AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellows government, the fellowships have resulted stepped into top science-related positions posed in front of the U.S. in major accomplishments to bene–t society. in the federal government. Capitol. LEFT: CRISTINA LACERDA; RIGHT: CARLA SCHAFFER CARLA RIGHT: LACERDA; CRISTINA LEFT:

13 The AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowships program launched a networking and information site, FellowsCentral, at aaaspolicyfellowships.org.

Amplifying the reach and potential of the representatives shared their methods for program, AAAS launched a new networking stretching insu”cient funds in order to portal in 2013. Known as FellowsCentral, the preserve scienti–c progress and innovation. website connects and updates the program’s According to Matt Hourihan, director of more than 2,500 past and present fellows. It the AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program, o˜ers news and information from participants federal spending cuts forced by the U.S. who have gone on to positions in government Budget Control Act, known as sequestration, and public service, as well as informative pro- lowered scienti–c research and development –les of fellows, and a dynamic 40th anniversa- funding to 0.79% of gross domestic product ry timeline documenting the many successes (GDP) in 2013, the lowest level in 50 years. and impacts of the fellowships program. Such cuts are especially harmful to basic As part of the commemoration of its 40th scienti–c research, which is especially anniversary, program sta˜ curated an exhibit vulnerable because it is not associated in the AAAS art gallery. Entitled “The Art of with immediate practical applications, said Science Policy,” the exhibit featured some Presidential Science Advisor John Holdren, provocative works of art depicting challenges who gave the keynote speech. and wonders related to the natural world. It The Forum continued with an exploration also served as a springboard for discussions of the international perspectives on science about the intersections between art and and technology, and Korean presidential science policy and the myriad ways they are advisor Jong-Guk Song said that South Korea mutually reinforcing. will spend 4% of its GDP on science and technology, and increase its emphasis on basic research. The Forum also examined, among ²³´µ S&T POLICY FORUM other topics, patents in di˜erent sectors of Science policy leaders at the 2013 Science industry, open-access online education in and Technology Policy Forum grappled science and technology, and the e˜ects of with how to cope with the severe cuts environmental regulations on the economy. that have been made to federal funding of scienti–c research. Among the more than SCIENCE AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT 400 attendees at the Forum, an annual The wonder and beauty of the natural world event long considered the most important constitute a realm shared by science and venue for in-depth analysis of science religion. In 2013, journalist Krista Tippett, policy, some participants discussed the author of Einstein’s God: Conversations additional responsibility being taken on about Science and the Human Spirit, told by nongovernmental resources such as an audience at AAAS that scientists should foundations, while government agency emphasize that wonder and beauty, as well

14 as the drama of discovery, to reach out to a agreement with KACST to expand a 5-year-old broader audience, including people whose collaboration to help the national science religions are sometimes depicted as being agency “to leapfrog Saudi Arabia toward completely at odds with science. a knowledge-based society,” said Ahmed “The most beautiful and deepest experience M. Alabdulkader, Secretary General for the a man can have is the sense of the mysterious,” National Science, Technology, and Innovation Tippett told a capacity crowd at AAAS during Plan at KACST. an event organized by the AAAS Dialogue on Also providing assistance to the Science, Ethics, and Religion (DoSER). “It is the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement underlying principle of religion, as well as of all of Science regarding scienti–c capacity serious endeavor in art and science.” there, RCP Director Mark Milutinovich said Tippett’s appearance was part of an his organization has drawn on similar ongoing e˜ort to explore common ground experiences in the United States. between science and religion. “We –nd it “A lot of the work we’ve done is tied to is counterproductive to advancing science regions of the United States that have limited to have tension at the science-religion resources and need to think very strategically interface,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner. about how they can leverage their resources,” In 2013, DoSER received a $2.4 million said Milutinovich. “The implementation is grant from the John Templeton Foundation going to change, depending on local cultures to work with the Association of Theological and the people involved, but the challenges Schools to integrate science into the are the same.” core curriculum of seminaries, with the Domestic projects undertaken by RCP in intention of helping clergy-in-training 2013 included work with the Environmental Two members of the communicate scienti–c information to Protection Agency, the Maine Technology AAAS Geospatial Technologies and Human religious communities. As of the end of 2013, Institute, the University of Maine System Small Rights Project—Susan 28 schools representing diverse religious Campus Initiative, Nebraska Experimental Wol–nbarger (far right) traditions had sent enthusiastic letters of Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, and Jonathan Drake (second from le¹)—took interest about participating, and program Rhode Island Research Alliance, the University part in a training event organizers planned to select six to ten of North Carolina General Administration, and in Africa, where they met with current and former seminaries to participate in pilot projects for the Washington Life Sciences Discovery Fund. representatives of the which they would receive funding to cover RCP also o˜ered external review and guidance African Commission on faculty time on the project, plus at least to state research organizations and networks Human and Peoples’ Rights, including (l-r) Mary one campus-wide event on the relevance of in Vermont, Wyoming, New Hampshire, Maboreke, Jainaba Johm, science to theological education, a series of Delaware, Oklahoma, Utah, and Arkansas. and Andrew Chigovera. AAAS-produced short science videos, and other support. As the pilot projects evolve, conferences and a website will help provide nationwide dissemination of the resulting resources and sample curricula.

PROMOTING RESEARCH COMPETITIVENESS In a continuing e˜ort to provide expertise to organizations engaged in science and technology research, the AAAS Research Competitiveness Program (RCP) completed reviews of more than 500 research proposals submitted to Saudi Arabia’s King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST). The proposals were the 13th round to be reviewed by RCP. Also in 2013, RCP signed a new

15 AAAS Government Relations helps to ensure that the science community is heard in government deliberations on such essential GOVERNMENT topics as federal funding for basic scienti–c research, the value of innovation as an economic stimulus, and the importance of science RELATIONS in everyday activities ranging from disease monitoring to certifying the safety of aircra¹. At Capitol Hill brie–ngs, AAAS regularly arranges for lawmakers to receive evidence-based science and technology updates important to a rational process of government.

U.S. R&D BUDGET: POLICY & ADVOCACY economic growth, for innovation, and the Objective, authoritative analysis from AAAS in seed corn for the future solution to so many 2013 revealed how science-related work can of the nation’s problems, let us be careful be seriously damaged by sweeping federal lest we do irreversible damage,” said Alan I. budget cuts and a government shutdown. Leshner, CEO of AAAS and executive publisher Such damage could have long-range e˜ects, of the journal Science. AAAS emphasized, a˜ecting innovation and Leshner also testi–ed in October 2013 the future economic health of the nation. before the Senate Committee on Commerce, At one public brie–ng on Capitol Hill, as Science, and Transportation about the blow an example, the director of the AAAS R&D dealt to the U.S. scienti–c enterprise by the Budget and Policy Program said that total government shutdown at a time when budgets federal spending on scienti–c research and had already been slashed. Describing the development would drop by 6.5% or $9.3 e˜ects of the shutdown on such agencies billion for 2013, according to AAAS analysis as the National Institutes of Health Clinical Matt Hourihan, director of of appropriations and agency budget Center, Leshner related that, at that time, the AAAS R&D Budget and very few new patients were being accepted, Policy Program, spoke documents. “Most agency budgets are going at a 26 April 2013 public to be set back at least a few years,” said Matt meaning there would be a lack of care for the brie–ng on Capitol Hill Hourihan. “Many of them are going to be set 200 critically ill patients per week, including about federal investment 30 children, who would typically register for in scienti–c research back a decade or more.” dipping to historic lows. “Since science is the seed corn for clinical trials. Citing many other instances in which crucial, and in some cases life-saving, services were being suspended, Leshner called on policymakers to “ensure sustained and robust support for scienti–c research.”

SPEAKING UP FOR SCIENCE In February 2013, Joanne Carney, director of AAAS Government Relations, and Erin Heath, associate director, teamed up with colleagues in AAAS MemberCentral to launch the Speak Up for Science petition. Gathering more than 16,000 signatures, plus poignant comments from researchers and others about the irreversible destruction wrought by deep cuts to science-related federal funding, AAAS

delivered a strong message to Capitol Hill. SCHAFFER/AAAS CARLA OPPOSITE ZAMBON/AAAS; KAT

16 “Almost every national priority—from health and defense, agriculture and conservation, to hazards and natural disasters—relies on science and engineering,” the petition told lawmakers. “Support for science is support for economic growth, innovation, and technological progress … consider this as you seek to address our nation’s pressing –scal challenges.” As another example of how AAAS speaks up for science, the association in 2013 led other U.S. science, engineering, and higher education organizations to emphasize the importance of social and behavioral sciences. victim in a brain-machine interface, could also The Golden Goose An inter-organizational letter to the chairman provide signi–cantly improved recovery, he said. Awards. of the House Science, Space, and Technology The stroke brie–ng was one of three such Committee, sent in response to threats to sessions AAAS Government Relations o˜ered the National Science Foundation activities, on the topic of the brain in 2013 with Dana cautioned that “targeting speci–c grants or Foundation support. The other two brie–ngs eliminating entire sets of disciplines would focused on the latest advances in mapping produce a chilling e˜ect across the scienti–c the brain, and violence, stress, and child community that inhibits scienti–c progress development. and our ability to tackle societal challenges.” GOLDEN GOOSE AWARDS: BRAIN BRIEFINGS ON CAPITOL HILL SUPPORTING BASIC SCIENCE The AAAS O”ce of Government Relations If medical researcher and practicing physician helped convey important public-health John Eng had not chosen to engage in what information to lawmakers and others who sounds like obscure research—studying attended a Capitol Hill brie–ng in 2013 on the the poisonous venom of the Gila monster— subject of stroke, the third leading cause of millions of diabetics would be without a drug death in the world and an age-related medical that protects them from blindness, kidney event that will become even more common as failure, and nerve damage. Baby Boomers age. Eng and –ve other researchers won Golden At the event hosted by AAAS and Rep. Chaka Goose Awards in 2013, the second year that Fattah (D-Pennsylvania), the deputy director of the awards were given. The brainchild of Rep. the National Institute of Neurological Disorders Jim Cooper (D-Tennessee), the awards were and Stroke, Walter Koroshetz, explained the created by a coalition of organizations that threat posed by stroke, as well as some of the advocate federally funded, basic scienti–c latest research on prevention and recovery. research as the cornerstone of American Koroshetz told the participants attending innovation, economic growth, health, global the brie–ng, which was sponsored by the competitiveness, and national security. Dana Foundation, that up to 70% of strokes All six of the awards went to researchers, are preventable. “If we achieve optimal weight including two Nobel Prize winners, whose control, physical exercise, blood pressure, and seemingly odd or obscure federally funded diet earlier in life, then the health bene–ts to research turned out to be invaluable to society. individuals, their families, and to the country The awards ceremony took place on Capitol as a whole would be enormous.” Hill, and a bipartisan group of lawmakers Intensifying physical and rehabilitative dispensed the honors. therapy a¹er a stroke has shown great promise “The unexpected bene–ts of basic in studies, said Koroshetz. New technologies, research have been substantial, a point well- such as a robot arm that could operate demonstrated by the work of this year’s Golden

KAT ZAMBON/AAAS; OPPOSITE CARLA SCHAFFER/AAAS CARLA OPPOSITE ZAMBON/AAAS; KAT according to the neuronal signals of the stroke Goose awardees,” said AAAS CEO Leshner.

17 The AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy (CSTSP) SCIENCE, fosters broad dialogue, conducts studies, and carries out projects on TECHNOLOGY, the scienti–c dimensions of a wide range of complex security issues requiring exceptional technical expertise. By organizing brie–ngs for AND SECURITY policymakers and developing programs to inform the public on such POLICY issues, CSTSP seeks to present well-grounded approaches to many global challenges—from resource security to the threat of biological attacks and nuclear dangers.

From the podium, Michael SYRIA: CHEMICALS, CONFLICT, security matter among leading chemical Moodie of the Congressio- nal Research Service de- AND CHALLENGES weapons specialists. It was one of ten scribed the “historic and The Center hosted three chemical weapons such public programs organized by CSTSP potentially precedent- experts in 2013 to discuss Syria’s accession in 2013 on a wide range of crucial security setting” events in Syria in 2013. He was joined to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the issues, including those related to energy, at AAAS by (l-r): Christo- challenges involved in destroying Syria’s space, water, transformative technologies, pher Bidwell, Federation chemical weapons, and the geopolitical and nuclear security. The Center also of American Scientists; Paul Walker, Green Cross ramifications of the progress made on this organized twelve additional non-public International; and Chen issue. Jointly sponsored with the Federation events designed to facilitate dialogue Kane, Monterey Institute Center for Nonprolifera- of American Scientists, the purpose of between government and nongovernment tion Studies. this event was to promote a high-level experts on a broad set of biological exchange of information on a pressing security issues. CARLA SCHAFFER/AAAS; OPPOSITE PAGE: COURTESY OF THE OFFICE OF THE THE OF OFFICE THE OF COURTESY PAGE: OPPOSITE SCHAFFER/AAAS; CARLA POLAND OF REPUBLIC THE OF PRESIDENT

18 GIVING PEACE A CHANCE human rights; and putting “restraints on Above le¹, David highly lethal weapons.” Hamburg, AAAS visiting At a public event hosted by CSTSP, mass scholar, and former Sena- violence prevention expert David Hamburg Hamburg mentioned that providing tor Richard Lugar teamed called on scientists and educators to combat humanitarian assistance to countries in up for a CSTSP event that focused on Hamburg’s the threats of genocide, terrorism, and trouble can be a means of preventing book, Give Peace a other mass violence. A former president of mass violence. Although Lugar pointed out Chance: Preventing Mass AAAS and presently a visiting scholar with that such measures o¹en provoke strong Violence. Hamburg also spoke about the book in a CSTSP, Hamburg discussed his recent book, debate on Capitol Hill, he referred to a 1991 session organized at the titled Give Peace a Chance: Preventing Mass agreement in which a Russian delegation United Nations and at- Violence. He shared the platform with former was given support for a peaceful transition of tended by U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. Senator Richard Lugar (R-Indiana), famous power amid the breakup of the former Soviet for his strong stand on non-proliferation of Union, on the condition that thousands of Above right, Norman weapons of mass destruction and for the nuclear warheads aimed at the United States Neureiter of AAAS highly successful Nunn-Lugar program that be destroyed. receives one of the highest Polish State bears his name. decorations from the Hamburg recommended that young people PRESIDENT OF POLAND HONORS president of the Republic of Poland, Bronisław be educated away from prejudice, which AAAS SCIENCE DIPLOMAT Komorowski. can drive mass violence, and be taught As the –rst science attaché at the U.S. the value of cooperation and the costs of Embassy in Warsaw in 1967, Norman deadly conflicts. “Scientists and educators, Neureiter brought many U.S. and Polish through their most dynamic organizations, scientists together on cooperative research can use their deep knowledge and strong projects. He encouraged collaboration influence to enhance research and education in agriculture, medicine, health care, on pro-social child and youth development, environmental protection, and clean coal. on ways to minimize the growth of prejudice Even a¹er leaving Poland, Neureiter, who is and ethnocentrism, and on acquiring skills of the director of CSTSP and a senior advisor early conflict resolution.” to the AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy, He also encouraged scientists to continued his support of U.S.-Polish science cooperate on shared goals as a means of cooperation. easing tensions between di˜erent regions. In recognition of his accomplishments, In a wide-ranging discussion, Hamburg Neureiter in 2013 received the O”cers advocated for improving strategies to Cross of the Order of Polish Merit, one spot the early warning signs of conflict; of the highest Polish State decorations. supporting “indigenous democracy,” Accepting the award during a ceremony at equitable socioeconomic development and the historic Belvedere Presidential Palace in CARLA SCHAFFER/AAAS; OPPOSITE PAGE: COURTESY OF THE OFFICE OF THE THE OF OFFICE THE OF COURTESY PAGE: OPPOSITE SCHAFFER/AAAS; CARLA POLAND OF REPUBLIC THE OF PRESIDENT

19 Warsaw, Neureiter emphasized the value of of drinking-water shortages and lack of strengthening ties between nations through sanitation, water insu” ciency can result in science—even when o” cial relationships are breakdowns in food production, – nancial problematic. shocks, migration, and political instability. “I think your security people thought In honor of World Water Day, research I was a spy determined to discover your and policy experts specializing in global scienti– c secrets,” Neureiter said at the water issues convened at a public forum ceremony. “But, in truth, my mission was co-sponsored by CSTSP, the International just the opposite. It was to build friendly, Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), cooperative relationships with the Polish the National Academy of Sciences, and the science community, and to foster cooperative Austrian Embassy’s O” ce of Science and projects wherever funding possibilities and Technology. The more than 100 participants joint scienti– c interests existed.” at the event also represented the U.S. State Also in 2013, Neureiter helped to launch Department, the World Bank, the U.S. Water a new awards program that will recognize Partnership and the Commonwealth Science scientists who have advanced science and Industry Research Organization of through U.S.-Polish cooperation. The Australia, among other organizations. program is administered by AAAS and the Featured speaker Pavel Kabat, director of Foundation for Polish Science (see page 12). IIASA in Vienna, spoke about the acute need for robust science input in the policymaking GLOBAL WATER AT A CROSSROADS around complex water issues. The lack of a reliable water supply can cause profound problems at the local, regional, national, or even global level. Besides the immediate and most evident problems

CSTSP publications in 2013 addressed top- ics ranging from the security of biological research, to nuclear medicine. See: aaas. org/page/science-and- security-publications.

20 Science headlines encompassed research advances across the biological, physical, and social sciences, plus penetrating news THE SCIENCE and analysis meant to expand our knowledge of how India is using FAMILY OF science and technology to raise millions of its citizens out of poverty, changes in the world of science communication, ancient DNA as a JOURNALS tool to trace the origins of deadly pathogens, and more.

MARS ROVER FINDS ANCIENT LAKE show that the Malapa fossils are a striking FOR MICROBES, AND MORE example of human evolution. (Irish et al., New data from NASA’s Mars rover, Curiosity, de Ruiter et al., Churchill et al., Schmid et al., revealed that the rover’s landing site once Williams et al., DeSilva et al., Science, 12 April) harbored an ancient lake that would have been hospitable to a broad range of prokary- A CLOSE LOOK AT ORGANIC REACTIONS otic microorganisms. Four more reports in Scientists have long sought to observe the Science provided additional data from the intricate chemical transformation of an equipment onboard Curiosity, furthering individual molecule as it undergoes a scientists’ understanding of the Martian complex reaction. Researchers used special surface. (Grotzinger et al., Vaniman et microscopy techniques to obtain high- al., McLennan et al., Hassler et al., Ming et al., resolution images of organic molecules and Farley et al., ScienceExpress, 9 December) undergoing reaction on a silver surface. (Oteyza et al., ScienceExpress, 30 April) HUMAN EVOLUTION TAKES A TWIST WITH AUSTRALOPITHECUS SEDIBA A DATE FOR VOYAGER’S DEPARTURE Six reports in Science provided a complete FROM THE HELIOSPHERE view of the anatomy of Australopithecus New data from NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecra¹ , sediba, the 2-million-year-old fossil remains of launched in 1977, indicated that the space- several partial skeletons found in South Africa cra¹ le¹ the comfort of the heliosphere and in 2008. The studies showed that Au. sediba entered into a region of cold, dark space is a mosaic of human and ape-like traits. known as interstellar space on or about 25 Researchers still aren’t sure where it – ts into August 2012. (Gurnett et al., ScienceExpress, the hominin family tree, but these six studies 12 September)

21 From le¹ to right: INITIAL INSIGHTS INTO HÁN SPOTTING THE ANOMALOUS QUANTUM Humpback whale A new report provided insight into H7N9, an HALL EFFECT slapping its flukes against the ocean surface prior to avian influenza virus reported in humans in The Hall e˜ect occurs as current flows in the a feeding dive. Eastern China. The researchers (working in presence of a magnetic –eld. A more exotic ver-

The reconstructed ferrets) showed that H7N9 was e”ciently sion can occur even without the presence of ex- skull and mandible of transmitted via direct contact, but ine”- ternal magnetic –elds. In this study, research- Australopithecus sediba. ciently so by airborne exposure. (Zhu et al., ers –nally discovered the exotic counterpart of A mix of chemical ScienceExpress, 23 May) the Hall e˜ect, paving the way for developing compounds self- electronic devices that consume less power. assembled into a RECONSTRUCTING ´´,µ³³ YEARS (Chang et al., ScienceExpress, 14 March) complex but controlled architecture. OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE Scientists constructed a record of global mean NEW STUDIES SHARPEN THE PRECISION Upsala Glacier in Argentina. surface temperatures that extended more than OF GENOME EDITING 11,000 years in time, to the early Holocene Two new studies demonstrate the e˜ective- period. Their study reveals that current global ness of a particular prokaryotic immune average surface air temperature is warmer system, known as CRISPR, at editing mamma- than that for all but a small fraction of the past lian genomes, including the human genome. 11,300 years. (Marcott et al., Science, 8 March) This new CRISPR-based technology might be embraced as a powerful new tool for delet- THE BRAIN’S GARBAGE TRUCK ing or revising genes. (Cong et al., Mali et al., WORKS BEST WHEN YOU’RE ASLEEP ScienceExpress, 3 January) Scientists who had been scratching their heads over why a good night’s sleep makes PARALYZED PATIENTS CONTROL us better thinkers just got some direction: WHEELCHAIR WITH TONGUE changes to the brain unique to bedtime clear Researchers developed a wireless, assistive out harmful toxins that build up by day. device that lets paralyzed patients operate (Xie et al., Science, 18 October) wheelchairs simply by moving their tongue in the desired direction. The technology could FINANCIAL WOES STRAIN THE BRAIN change the lives of people with tetraplegia, A number of studies have identi–ed correla- a condition that causes complete paralysis tions between poverty and counterproduc- from the neck down. (Kim et al., Science tive behavior, but this study suggests a Translational Medicine, 27 November) causal—not just correlational—relationship. The authors suggest that poverty-related OTHER SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS concerns consume mental resources, leaving Powerful Special Issues: Science published 15 less capacity for other tasks. The –ndings substantive special issues on a range of top- have important policy implications. ics, from “Grand Challenges in Education” to

(Mani et al., Science, 30 August) “Exoplanets” to “Pesticides.” On 4 October, THE AND BERGER R. LEE ALLIANCE; ALLEN/OCEAN JENNIFER LEFT: FROM BERTHIER ETIENNE NOORDUIN; WIM WITWATERSRAND; THE UNIVERSITYOF

22 for example, a special issue on “The Future of Ultimate Sacri–ce;” and Greg Miller, for Science Communication” explored the obsta- “Drone Wars.” The articles were selected “for cles scientists face as they communicate with an articulate, wide-ranging examination of each other and with the public in a changing what social scientists have learned about media landscape. For a special 13 December human violence, conflict, and terrorism,” edition, Science’s news department kicked according to a 2013 press release from the o˜ an online series of “digital –rsts” with National Academies. “The Thousand-Year Graveyard,” a story by Richard Kerr, long-time reporter for Sci- award-winning Science news correspondent ence, received the Jonathan Eberhart Plan- Ann Gibbons about what medieval skeletons etary Sciences Journalism Award for excellent are teaching scientists about the evolution of popular writing on planetary sciences. Given diseases. Additional coverage throughout the by the American Astronomical Society’s year focused on the Martian rover, Curios- Division for Planetary Sciences, the award ity, and issues around making genomic data recognized his broad coverage of planetary anonymous. An issue of Next Gen VOICES, a science research, including a 2012 article on quarterly feature, highlighted essays by young gravity studies of the moon. scientists with ideas about improving work- An online career-planning tool called life balance in their respective –elds. myIDP, launched last fall at the Science Several new sta˜ members came onboard Careers Web site, earned an award from the in 2013. On 1 June, Marcia McNutt, former Association of American Medical Colleges. director of the U.S. Geological Survey, was Called the Award for Innovative Institutional named editor-in-chief of the Science family of Partnerships in Research and Research journals. Also in 2013, award-winning science Focused Training, it recognizes the role of journalist Tim Appenzeller—formerly the chief myIDP in assisting doctoral and postdoctoral magazine editor for Nature—started as the scientists at a critical time, as economic and news editor for the journal Science. educational trends merge to make the job market sti˜er. In this environment, career ad- HONORS WE BROUGHT IN: vice provided by myIDP o˜ers a crucial tool. Four Science news journalists received a pres- Currently, myIDP has about 35,000 users, or tigious journalism prize from the National one-half of the U.S. postdoc population. Academies for their reporting in a special issue of Science dedicated to human conflict. HONORS WE GAVE OUT: They were honored with a Communication The inaugural Grand Prize winner of the Award in the magazine/newspaper category international competition for the Science for articles published in Science on 18 May, & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists 2012. The writers were Eliot Marshall, for was Daniel G. Streicker of the University of “Parsing Terrorism;” Elizabeth Culotta, for Glasgow, recognized for his research into

FROM LEFT: JENNIFER ALLEN/OCEAN ALLIANCE; LEE R. BERGER AND THE THE AND BERGER R. LEE ALLIANCE; ALLEN/OCEAN JENNIFER LEFT: FROM BERTHIER ETIENNE NOORDUIN; WIM WITWATERSRAND; THE UNIVERSITYOF “Roots of Racism;” Ann Gibbons, for “The how infectious diseases emerge and estab-

23 in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices,” published in Science on 15 May 2012. This paper provides experimen- tal evidence for the presence of an exotic quasiparticle, the Majorana fermion, which had been predicted mathematically but never detected. Mourik et al. engineered a nanostructure of a superconductor in contact with a semiconductor wire that, when placed in a strong magnetic –eld, showed several features consistent with that predicted for the elusive Majorana state. Their design could al- low for the manipulation of Majorana states, Daniel G. Streicker, grand lish in new host species. Established in 2013, which could in turn lead to new types of prize winner of the 2013 the $25,000 prize is awarded annually to one quantum computing and other applications. Science & SciLife Lab Prize for Young Scien- young scientist for outstanding life science The Association’s oldest award, the AAAS tists, is a Sir Henry Dale research. Streicker’s winning essay, “From Newcomb Cleveland Prize was established Research Fellow at the Persistence to Cross-Species Emergence of in 1923. Now supported by The Fodor Family Institute of Biodiver- sity, Animal Health and a Viral Zoonosis,” discusses patterns in the Trust, it acknowledges an outstanding paper Comparative Medicine at origin and frequency of cross-species virus published in the Articles, Research Articles, the University of Glasgow. He studies how infectious transmission. His results could help inform or Reports sections of Science. diseases emerge and policymakers pursuing intervention methods become established in to keep disease spread in wildlife at bay. The COMING SOONÅSCIENCE ADVANCES new host species. prize is a coordinated e˜ort of Science/AAAS AAAS announced plans to expand its scienti–c and four Swedish universities comprising the communication e˜orts with the launch of a Science for Life Laboratory, a Swedish na- new title, Science Advances, as an extended tional center for molecular biosciences with forum for high-quality, peer-reviewed research. focus on health and environmental research. “This new publication is designed to encour- On 15 July, AAAS and the journal Science age transformative research and attract a Translational Medicine honored Scott Tomlins wide readership,” said Science Editor-in-Chief of the University of Michigan Medical School Marcia McNutt. “Science is becoming more with the inaugural AAAS Martin and Rose integrated and interdisciplinary. This is why we Wachtel Cancer Research Award. This $25,000 decided to establish a single new journal with prize recognizes outstanding work by young the broadest possible array of outstanding scientists performing breakthrough cancer content, encompassing all –elds of science.” research. Tomlins identi–ed a marker for Spanning science, technology, engineer- prostate cancer in urine, allowing the disease ing, mathematics, and the social sciences, to be detected through less invasive methods the new digital publication will leverage than those currently available. Katrina Kelner, Science’s uniquely broad scope to help speed Editor of Science Translational Medicine, scienti–c progress by promoting the rapid lauded Tomlins’ discovery as one that has communication of current research. Science “altered the way the –eld thought about the Advances will be published online—on an genetic causes of the common solid tumors— open-access basis, with articles freely avail- not only prostate but also lung, breast and able to the public—through the payment, by colon cancer.” authors, of an article processing fee. Edi- The 2012 AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize tors at the new journal, which is expected to was awarded to Vincent Mourik, Kun Zuo, debut in 2015, will also work to help promote Sergey M. Frolov, Sébastien R. Plissard, Erik public trust in the integrity of science broadly, P. A. M. Bakkers, and Leo P. Kouwenhoven for by upholding the highest possible standards the report “Signatures of Majorana Fermions for peer review, McNutt said. DANIEL STREICKER | COURTESY OF NANCY EVELYN NANCY OF COURTESY | STREICKER DANIEL

24 Project 2061, the science-education reform initiative of AAAS, con- ducts rigorous research to improve the quality of science education IMPROVING at the K-12 level. Drawing on – ndings from its own work and that of SCIENCE others, Project 2061 develops curriculum and assessment resources to help educators and students focus on the goals for science learn- LITERACY ing that are recommended in national standards documents. As a longtime leader in the development and implementation of edu- cation standards, Project 2061 helps students make connections across science, mathematics, and technology, and engages in the practices and habits of mind that are central to science literacy.

NEW TOOLS FOR TEACHING EVOLUTION is designing ways to evaluate the students’ High-schoolers took on the role of researchers learning and teachers’ understanding and while using a new curriculum and computer use of the unit. simulations designed by Project 2061 and the “This is an opportunity to move our work University of Utah’s Genetic Science Learning in some new directions,” said Project 2061 Center to teach key concepts about evolution. Director Jo Ellen Roseman, referring to the Responding to research showing that interactive computer simulations, “while also students o¹ en have a poor understanding building on our experience in curriculum and of natural selection and genetics—which assessment design.” hampers their success in the study of biology—Project 2061 and the Genetic GAUGING STUDENT KNOWLEDGE Science Learning Center continued their work OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE Project 2061 uses pre- and post-tests to assess in 2013 on an innovative new curriculum How much do high-school and undergraduate students’ understand- unit. The e˜ ort was supported by a two-year students understand about weather and ing of natural selection a¹ er they participate in exploratory grant awarded by the National climate? Project 2061 set out to get a clearer in activities including Science Foundation. picture of that in 2013 by asking earth science a simulation on how The unit strives to overcome students’ and meteorology teachers to give their stickleback – sh from the ocean evolve to have less di” culties with understanding evolution students an online test of important weather protective armor by engaging them in collecting, analyzing, and climate concepts. The students who took in a lake environment. and arguing from scienti– c data that provide evidence for common ancestry and that illustrate the links between genetic variation in traits and natural selection. Interactive computer-based simulations allow students to collect and analyze data from populations in the same locations over several virtual years. One animation, for instance, shows how a modern-day population of stickleback – sh changed from fully armored to low- armored in just 13 generations. Experiencing the simulations helps students to visualize the habitats and organisms, understand sampling processes, and make

DANIEL STREICKER | COURTESY OF NANCY EVELYN NANCY OF COURTESY | STREICKER DANIEL UTAH UNIVERSITY OF CENTER, LEARNING SCIENCE GENETIC measurements. A key focus for Project 2061

25 the test were expected to have been taught school policy and classroom practice. how seasonal changes in the relationship The doctoral students worked in small between the Earth and the sun a˜ect hours groups on issues related to their research, of daylight, the maximum height of the sun in received tips on how to hone their skills, the sky, and the amount of energy a place on and made valuable contacts. The scholars’ Earth receives from the sun. research included such topics as weighing The questions for the multiple-choice the value of culturally relevant approaches to test were developed by Project 2061 as part help students engage with and understand of a study funded by the National Oceanic science, and whether strong feelings about and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) such topics as environmental problems and the National Aeronautics and Space can provide avenues for understanding the Administration (NASA). The students’ underlying science. responses became part of a national The 2013 institute was sponsored by the dataset showing what students understood National Association for Research in Science at di˜erent educational levels, and what Teaching, AAAS, the University of Georgia, misconceptions were most common. Michigan State University, and Michigan State’s CREATE for STEM Institute. SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE TOWARD HIGH¯SCHOOL BIOLOGY AAAS reached out to young science education Project 2061 moved ahead in the development scholars in 2013 with the Sandra K. Abell of a new middle-school curriculum unit in Institute for Doctoral Students. The students 2013, a¹er analyzing the results of pilot had the opportunity to discuss their research testing involving 677 students and their with experienced mentors, including Project teachers at schools in four states. 2061 director Roseman. They also attended The unit, known as Toward High School workshops and lectures, learning about Biology: Understanding Growth in Living worldwide e˜orts to improve science teaching Things, was developed with the Colorado- and increasing opportunities to connect based Biological Sciences Curriculum Study Abell Institute students and mentors. science education research to the real world of (BSCS). The new unit integrates physical science and life science concepts, and pilot test results showed that students made signi–cant gains in understanding key ideas about chemical reactions in both living and non-living systems. Reflecting three rounds of testing and revision, the 2013 version of the curriculum unit responds to the latest recommendations of the National Research Council’s A Framework for K-12 Science Education, which emphasize integrating core scienti–c ideas and practices, such as modeling and constructing explanations, across the science disciplines. The unit helps students learn important chemistry ideas that can be used to explain growth and repair in animals and plants. For example, students use LEGO® bricks and ball-and-stick models to see how the food that animals eat undergoes chemical reactions that break down and rearrange atoms to form new molecules that become part of the COLELLADIGITAL.COM

animals’ bodies. BEETS AAAS/ROBERT

26 Helping students toward satisfying careers in science, technology, en- gineering, and mathematics is a crucial endeavor in a society and an EDUCATION, economy that depend on a strong science and technology work force. OUTREACH, AAAS works to improve undergraduate education, provides career in- formation and opportunities, and works to ensure that the STEM work AND CAREERS force represents and capitalizes on society’s spectrum of diversity.

TRANSFORMING UNDERGRADUATE ence education designed to engage students EDUCATION IN STEM and encourage their understanding through Engineering and computer science under- hands-on application. “We are trying to graduates at Wright State University o¹en make science education more similar to how used to face an enormous obstacle between science is conducted,” Alberts said, “build- themselves and the careers of their dreams. ing upon the best, and making continuous The roadblock was freshman calculus, and improvement.” it impeded the progress of about 60% of the undergraduates in those –elds. VISION AND CHANGE FOR “Mathematicians have a unique ability to UNDERGRADUATES IN BIOLOGY really understand things in an abstract way Undergraduate science education that in- and appreciate the elegance of math,” said cludes innovative, student-focused practices Environmental sciences Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State senior associ- such as o˜ering real-world research experi- student Akida Ferguson of ate dean and professor of mechanical and ences and team-based projects helps to Delaware State University materials engineering. Engineers, he said, keep students more engaged, but research won –rst place for her presentation at the 2013 are oriented toward the physical world. “That presented at a conference co-hosted by AAAS Emerging Researchers is what they can wrap their arms around.” con–rmed that faculty in biology and other National Conference. With that in mind, Klingbeil and his col- leagues have started teaching their students calculus in the context of engineering, ap- plying it as needed without developing the theory behind it. Only a¹er the students are comfortable with the applications do they go back into the straight mathematics cur- riculum. Demonstrating a doubling of the gradu- ation rate of engineering and computer sci- ence majors a¹er nine years, Wright State’s success story was one of many shared at the 2013 Transforming Undergraduate Education in STEM (TUES) conference, co-sponsored by AAAS Education and Human Resources and the National Science Foundation, which funds the TUES program. At the conference, Bruce Alberts, former editor-in-chief of the journal Science, referred to publications, contests, and competitions

COLELLADIGITAL.COM sponsored by the journal that promote sci- AAAS/ROBERT BEETS AAAS/ROBERT

27 2013. Twenty-nine of the students worked at NASA, one traveled to IBM Nairobi, and oth- ers accepted opportunities at Ball Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, L’Oreal, Merck, Georgia Tech, and at the Institute for Accessible Sci- ence at Purdue University. The internships gave the students an op- portunity to experience a real-world work set- ting in their –elds of interest and to network with more experienced counterparts. It also allowed them to participate in and contribute to ongoing research and development. At a 2013 conference sciences lag behind their peers in using such Entry Point! recruits, screens, and recom- supported by the National techniques. mends for placement quali–ed students with Science Foundation, Shirley Malcom, head of Only about one-third of biomedical science disabilities to leading companies and agen- Education and Human students complete a bachelor’s degree in the cies who are its partners in government and Resources at AAAS, advocated for more –eld within six years, reported Lorelle Espi- industry. inclusive, research- nosa, who spoke at the 2013 Vision & Change More than 150 quali–ed candidates ap- based strategies to help conference on behalf of the Higher Education plied to the Entry Point! program in 2013. undergraduate students succeed in biology. Research Institute at the University of Califor- Approximately 90% of the program’s alumni nia, Los Angeles. High-achievers especially, go on to receive graduate degrees and/or full however, do much better at campuses that employment in a STEM –eld. have embraced a student-centered approach. At Georgia State, for example, 53% of EMERGING RESEARCHERS all students now complete a degree within NATIONAL CONFERENCE six years, up from about 32% in 2003, and With universities cutting budgets, resources disparities in that rate across racial, ethnic, to help early-career scientists –nd ful–ll- and economic lines have been eliminated. ing jobs in academia, or in less traditional The school credits its success to peer tutors, venues, are in high demand. “We want to expanded freshman learning communities, play a valuable role in helping emerging and –nancial interventions, and a centralized, new scientists to better understand science data-driven academic advisement system. careers in a global context,” said Yolanda Such improvements are sorely needed, George, deputy director of AAAS Education said Muquarrab Qureshi, of the National and Human Resources, “as well as how to Institute of Food and Agriculture, another of ‘tool-up,’ apply, persist, build networks, and the meeting’s co-hosts. Qureshi explained to become leaders in all sectors of the scien- that from a pool of more than 4 million ninth- ti–c work force.” graders in 2001, only 166,530 had earned AAAS and the National Science Foundation STEM degrees by 2011. “That translates into hosted the Emerging Researchers National signi–cant gaps for the U.S. Department of conference in 2013 to give more than 600 Agriculture,” he said. “We will have about undergraduate and graduate students, includ- 54,000 jobs to –ll, but only 29,000 students ing underrepresented minorities and persons who would be able to –ll them.” with disabilities, an opportunity to test their The Vision & Change conference drew 350 research presentation skills before a diverse attendees from 178 colleges and universities. panel of judges. More than 900 attended the conference from 174 colleges and universities. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND DISABILITY Entry Point!, a program of the AAAS Project on Science, Technology, and Disability, placed 41 undergraduate and graduate students

with disabilities in top-quality internships in COLELLADIGITAL.COM MAYES UNLV/AARON

28 The AAAS Divisions bring together scientists and nonscienti–c communities to discuss issues with immediate local impacts. The AAAS geographic divisions also serve as networks for scientists, through regional meetings on local issues, and by promoting the publications DIVISIONS of scientists within each area. In 2013, AAAS Divisions looked at such pressing regional issues as water security in the West, threats to the –sheries and watersheds of the North, and the –ght against tropical diseases in the Caribbean.

PACIFIC: SCIENCE AND WATER also discussed water management in the Researchers at the annual meeting of the western United States, and in other parts of AAAS Paci–c Division presented computer the world. The pressing issues that came up modeling studies to water resource man- included freshwater biodiversity, advancing agers in the arid West, where population hydrologic science and engineering, and the growth and climate change are challenging food-water-energy nexus. Researcher Sajjad the region’s water supply. The symposium included a tour of Arizona Ahmad, of the University “We are taking outputs from global cli- State University’s Decision Theater Water- of Nevada, Las Vegas, mate models and hydrological models and Sim, a research facility that provides water was one of the speakers at the annual meeting bridging the gap between science and what managers with state-of-the-art visualization of the AAAS Paci–c the decision-maker community needs,” said and simulation tools. WaterSim allows simu- Division. Scientists and Sajjad Ahmad of the University of Nevada, lated management of a water supply under other residents of the region tackled the issue Las Vegas. various conditions of drought and climate of meeting the West’s Hundreds of scientists, students, profes- change. growing water needs. sionals, and members of the public attended the conference, where a focus of discussion was –nding an alternative source of water for greater Las Vegas, which currently gets its water from Lake Mead and the Colorado Riv- er. A pipeline that would supply groundwater from northern Nevada is being challenged in court, authorities said. A desalinization plant near the coast of California or Mexico could allow a “paper trade” that would exchange desalinated water for an addi- tional share of Lake Mead’s water would be cheaper, Ahmad reported, but it would use twice as much energy as the pipeline, and its carbon footprint would be 48% larger.

SOUTHWEST/ROCKY MOUNTAINS: ANOTHER LOOK AT WATER USE At a one-day symposium held by the AAAS Southwest/Rocky Mountains (SWARM) Divi-

COLELLADIGITAL.COM MAYES UNLV/AARON sion in 2013, scientists and policy experts

29 In Arizona State ARCTIC: ALASKA’S MARINE CARIBBEAN: THE BATTLE AGAINST University’s Decision Center for a Desert City, RESOURCES THREATENED TROPICAL DISEASES Director Dave White Meeting organizers at the AAAS Arctic Experts from the front lines of tropical demonstrates WaterSim, Division annual meeting hoped that disease research and prevention convened a tool for exploring the impacts of climate “interactions and discussions will increase at the 2013 AAAS Caribbean Division change, drought, and the resilience and adaptability of Alaskan annual meeting to o˜er new insights into a land-use changes. communities as they face multiple threats signi–cant feature of the region’s past and its to northern people and the ecosystems they current public health challenges. inhabit,” said Larry Du˜y, executive director “Malaria and schistosomiasis, as well of the division and professor of chemistry as dengue fever, are still threats in many and biochemistry at the University of Alaska, countries in the Caribbean,” said Abel Fairbanks. Baerga-Ortiz, division president and an The meeting brought together researchers, assistant professor in the department policymakers, –shermen, students, and of biochemistry at the Medical Sciences community members with an interest in Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Alaska’s marine resources to discuss such “The meeting’s program is intended to topics as the impacts of climate change, encourage awareness of the regional e˜orts development, and pollution on traditional that are being made by the Center for Disease –sheries and the watersheds that support control and others to better understand the them. biology of disease propagation and regional Researchers made presentations on the prevalence.” health bene–ts and risks associated with Experts at the meeting shared information eating seafood, evidence of climate change about the distribution of di˜erent serotypes on mercury levels in Kodiak sea otters, the of the dengue virus across Puerto Rico, as monitoring and harvesting of certain –sh well as guidance on how to prevent dengue’s populations, and sustainability in successful spread. They also spoke about the origins and –shing communities in rural Alaska. survival strategies of the malaria parasite in The meeting also included two workshops: Peru and the e˜ects of tropical fungi, including one on communicating science and the other mushrooms, molds, and yeasts, on daily on community science, K-12 interactions, and living.

teacher training. HAMPTON DUSTIN SCHAFFER CARLA

30 Philanthropic support allows us to speak up on behalf of science, engineering, and society as opportunities and challenges arise. LEAVING By joining our 1848 Society, legacy donors demonstrate strong vision A LEGACY and a deep commitment to AAAS and the future of science by providing broad funding for our mission or targeted support for AT AAAS particular programs.

INAUGURAL MARTIN AND ROSE WACHTEL The prize is named for donor Martin Wachtel, CANCER RESEARCH AWARD a successful businessman who, in 1939, This past July, AAAS presented the inaugural established Albino Farms, a 15-acre farm in Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research New Jersey devoted exclusively to the raising Award to Scott Tomlins, whose work has of albino mice and rats for medical research. rede–ned the types of mutations present in A modest man, he once described his common cancers, elucidated the molecular venture as a “spoke in the wheel of scienti–c landscape of prostate cancer, and is enabling progress.” In 1945, the farm was assigned precision medicine in the early detection, wholly to meeting the needs of federal diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. agencies and provided more than 100,000 Scott Tomlins, an assistant professor at the The award is made possible through the mice that year to test the encephalitis University of Michigan generosity of Martin and Rose Wachtel, vaccine. In later years, Albino Farms provided Medical School, won the whose bequest of more than $1 million animals to private laboratories, colleges, and Martin and Rose Wachtel Award, a $25,000 established an endowment at AAAS to universities, as well as government agencies cancer research prize, recognize an early-career investigator who for use in the study of toxicology, hormones, for his discovery that two particular genes has performed outstanding work in the radiology, and nutrition. Having no children, are fused together in –eld of cancer research. The award winner Wachtel and his wife sought to utilize their almost half of all prostate is invited to deliver a public lecture on his accumulated wealth to support and recognize cancers, which led to the development of a urine or her research and receives a cash award those in the medical community whose work test that detects the of $25,000. Their prize-winning essay is has the greatest impact. cancer. published as a Perspective in the journal Science Translational Medicine. Honoring Tomlins, an assistant professor of pathology and urology at the University of Michigan Medical School, as the –rst winner of the Wachtel award was a united decision by the selection committee. As noted by Katrina Kelner, a member of the selection committee and editor of Science Translational Medicine, “His discovery of a frequent gene fusion in prostate cancer altered the way the –eld thought about the genetic causes of the common solid tumors— not only prostate but also lung, breast and colon cancer.” Tomlin’s essay describing his research was published in the journal’s 10

DUSTIN HAMPTON DUSTIN SCHAFFER CARLA July 2013 issue.

31 BEQUEST ESTABLISHES AWARDS FOR there will be a major turnover of leadership WOMEN IN THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES positions in the chemical sciences, giving As a chemist and AAAS member since 1965, women in the –eld unique and unprec- the late Marion Tuttle Milligan Mason wanted edented opportunities. These much-needed to support the advancement of women in the awards will identify and prepare a new gen- chemical sciences. A $2.2 million bequest eration of women in the chemical sciences to has established the Marion Milligan Mason –ll those roles. Fund to support research by early-career pro- The –rst AAAS Marion Milligan Mason fessional women over the next 20 years. Awards for Women in the Chemical Sciences “I am creating this fund in honor of the will be awarded in 2015. memory of all the men and women of the Tuttle and Milligan families who believed in JOIN THE ´Ê½Ê SOCIETY higher education for women and encouraged By making AAAS a bene–ciary of your will, them in their pursuit of professional and trust, retirement plan, or life insurance policy, business careers,” Mason wrote in her will. you can create a legacy to advance science The $50,000 AAAS Marion Milligan Mason in the service of society for years to come. To Awards for Women in the Chemical Sciences discuss your planned giving options, contact will be given every two years to early-career, Director of Development, Juli Staiano, at 202- professional women to advance their re- 326-6636 or [email protected]. search. The goal is to kick-start the career of promising future investigators. “She was concerned that young women did not have the same opportunities that men had in the sciences and that by funding such research, their careers could be advanced,” said Charles Milligan, Mason’s nephew and the executor of her estate. Mason was born in Cincinnati in 1927 and grew up in West–eld, New Jersey. She studied at Vassar College, an alma mater she shared with her mother and three of her aunts. “It was always a great source of pride to Marion that Martin Tuttle [Marion’s maternal grand- father] had managed to send his daughters to Vassar at a time when college education of women was by no means the norm,” said her brother Barton Milligan, a AAAS Fellow. A¹er her graduation in 1949, Mason worked in Bound Brook, New Jersey, as a chemist at the American Cyanamid Company. When she learned that, compared to her colleagues who had recently earned doctoral degrees in chemistry, she was performing similar work for considerably less compen- sation, she felt motivated to continue her education. In 1970 Mason earned her Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from Rutgers University. As those in the Baby Boom generation reach retirement age over the next 20 years,

32 AAAS AWARDS AND PRIZES

The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, educators, and journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

Lewis M. Branscomb Hoosen Coovadia AAAS PHILIP HAUGE AAAS AWARD FOR ABELSON PRIZE SCIENTIFIC FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY The Philip Hauge Abelson Prize, established in 1985, is awarded either The AAAS Award for Scienti–c Freedom and to a public servant, in recognition of sus- Responsibility, established in 1980, honors tained exceptional contributions to advanc- scientists, engineers, and their organizations ing science, or to a scientist whose career whose exemplary actions, sometimes taken has been distinguished both for scienti–c at signi–cant personal cost, have served to achievement and for other notable services foster scienti–c freedom and responsibility. to the scienti–c community. Dr. Hoosen Coovadia was honored for his Dr. Lewis M. Branscomb was selected for his unwavering belief, in the face of opposition proli–c and distinguished career in science, from his government, that sound science technology, innovation, and policy; for his should guide public policy, and for his devo- achievements in academia, in business, and tion to the health of the most vulnerable. in government, and as a philanthropist.

Mary Helen Siegfried S. Hecker Immordino-Yang AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENCE AAAS EARLY CAREER AWARD DIPLOMACY FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE Established in 2012, the AAAS Award for Science Diplomacy recognizes an The AAAS Early Career Award for Public individual or a limited number of individuals Engagement with Science, established in working together in the scienti–c and engi- 2010 through the generosity of several AAAS neering or foreign a˜airs communities mak- donors, recognizes early-career scientists ing an outstanding contribution to furthering and engineers who demonstrate excellence science diplomacy. in their contribution to public engagement with science activities. Dr. Siegfried S. Hecker was selected for his lifetime commitment to using the tools of Dr. Mary Helen Immordino-Yang was recog- science to address the challenges of nuclear nized for her sustained commitment and proliferation and nuclear terrorism, and for novel approach to integrating public engage- his dedication to building bridges through ment with science into her extensive research science during the period following the end and scholarly activities, and for using public of the Cold War. interactions to inform her research.

33 Steven Strogatz Andrew Tsin AAAS AWARD FOR PUBLIC AAAS MENTOR AWARD ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE FOR LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT

The AAAS Award for Public The AAAS Mentor Award for Engagement with Science, formerly the Award Lifetime Achievement, established in 1991, for Public Understanding of Science and honors AAAS members who have mentored Technology, was established in 1987 and signi–cant numbers of students from under- recognizes working scientists and engineers represented groups or who have changed the who make outstanding contributions to the climate of a department, college, institution “popularization of science.” or –eld to signi–cantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral Dr. Steven Strogatz was honored for his studies in the sciences. This award is directed exceptional commitment to and passion for toward individuals with more than 25 years of conveying the beauty and importance of success in mentoring students. mathematics to the general public. Dr. Andrew Tsin was selected for facilitating dramatic education and research changes at his institution that are leading to a signi–cant Paul B. Tchounwou production of Hispanic-American doctoral AAAS MENTOR AWARD degree holders in the biological sciences.

The AAAS Mentor Award, established in 1996, honors AAAS members who have mentored signi–- cant numbers of students from underrep- AAAS NEWCOMB CLEVELAND PRIZE resented groups or who have changed the Supported by The Fodor Family Trust climate of a department, college, or institu- tion to signi–cantly increase the diversity of The Association’s oldest award, the AAAS students pursuing and completing doctoral Newcomb Cleveland Prize was established in studies in the sciences. This award is directed 1923 with funds donated by Newcomb Cleve- toward individuals in the early- or mid-career land of New York City. Now supported by The stage who have mentored students for less Fodor Family Trust, the Prize acknowledges than 25 years. an outstanding paper published in the Ar- ticles, Research Articles, or Reports sections Dr. Paul B. Tchounwou was selected for his of Science. transformative impact and contributions towards the production of African-American Travis A. Jarrell, Yi Wang, Adam E. Bloniarz, doctoral degree holders in the –eld of envi- Christopher A. Brittin, Meng Xu, J. Nichol ronmental sciences. Thomson, Donna G. Albertson, David H. Hall, and Scott W. Emmons were recognized for the research article “The Connectome of a Decision-Making Neural Network,” published in Science 27 July 2012, pp. 437-444.

34 AAAS/SUBARU SB&F PRIZES AAAS KAVLI SCIENCE JOURNALISM AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE BOOKS These awards, endowed by Fred Kavli and the Kavli Foun- The AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prizes for Excellence in Science dation, recognize excellence in reporting for a general Books, established in 2005, celebrate outstanding science audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage writing and illustration for children and young adults. of the sciences, engineering, and mathematics.

CHILDREN’S SCIENCE LARGE NEWSPAPERÅCIRCULATION OF ´³³,³³³ OR MORE PICTURE BOOK Dan Egan It’s Our Garden Milwaukee Journal Sentinel George Ancona (Candlewick Publishing) SMALL NEWSPAPERÅCIRCULATION LESS THAN ´³³,³³³ Azeen Ghorayshi East Bay Express MIDDLE GRADES SCIENCE BOOK MAGAZINE The Skull in the Rock Hillary Rosner Lee Berger and Marc Aronson Wired (National Geographic Children’s Books) TELEVISION SPOT NEWS/FEATURE REPORTING »²³ MINUTES OR LESS¼ Joshua Se¹el NOVA scienceNOW YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE BOOK Frankenstein’s Cat TELEVISION IN¯DEPTH REPORTING Emily Anthes »MORE THAN ²³ MINUTES¼ (Scienti–c American/Farrar, Straus, Dennis Wells, Linda Goldman, David Royle Giroux) Smithsonian Channel

RADIO Howard Berkes, Andrea de Leon, Sandra Bartlett, NPR, and Chris Hamby, The Center for Public Integrity

HANDS¯ON SCIENCE BOOK CERTIFICATE OF MERIT Ì RADIO Look Up! Bird-Watching in Your Own Ashley Ahearn Backyard KUOW Annette LeBlanc Cate (Candlewick Publishing) ONLINE Phil McKenna MATTER

CHILDREN’S SCIENCE NEWS Barbara Lich GEOlino magazine (Germany)

35 AAAS FELLOWS

AAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious e˜orts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made signi–cant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section a”liation, were elected Fellows in fall 2013. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their services to science and technology.

AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND Geneviève Almouzni John Gene Jelesko John J.G. Tesmer Robert A. Scott RENEWABLE RESOURCES L. Mario Amzel Stefan Peter Jentsch George F. Vande Woude Lynda Soderholm Patrick F. Byrne Allan Balmain Norman F. Johnson Gregory L. Verdine Nicola A. Spaldin James J. Giovannoni Vann Bennett Patricia A. Johnson Veronica J. Vieland Kosta Steliou Stewart M. Gray Ottar Nordal Bjørnstad Alan C. Kamil Karen Heather Vousden Albert E. Stiegman Rodney Allan Hill Paul E. Bock Sophien Kamoun Peter Anthony Weil Jay A. Switzer Jonathan D. G. Jones Alan Richard Brash Matthew David Kane Diana E. Wheeler Bradley M. Tebo James E. Kinder James R. Broach William H. Karasov Malcolm E. Winkler Joseph L. Templeton Nora L.V. Lapitan Je˜rey L. Brodsky Donald W. Kaufman Alan E. Winter Tehshik P. Yoon Tung-Ching Lee Barry D. Bruce John Klironomos Sandra L. Wolin Junfeng (Jim) Zhang John F. Leslie Linda Marie Brzustowicz George M. Langford Charles Wood DENTISTRY AND ORAL Yiqi Luo Ronald S. Burton Fred David Ledley Richard D. Wood HEALTH SCIENCES Bruce A. McDonald Frederic D. Bushman Daniel V. Lim Yuan Zhuang Troy Edward Daniels Debra Mohnen Bradley J. Cardinale Kenneth J. Lohmann Matthew Philip Ho˜man John C. Reese Dana Carroll Je˜rey R. Lucas CHEMISTRY Peter X. Ma James N. Seiber Peter T. Cherbas Julin N. Maloof Perla Beatriz Balbuena Cindy L. Munro M. (Kay) Walker Simmons Alan Douglas Cherrington Peter Philip Marra Kevin D. Bel–eld John Timothy Wright Jean L. Steiner Richard Michael Clark Robert E. Maxson, Jr. Squire J. Booker Robert H. Byrne Garry Thomas Cole John H. McCusker EDUCATION ANTHROPOLOGY Gary S. Calabrese Philip Arthur Cole David W. Meinke Joan S. Bissell Zeresenay Alemseged Seth M. Cohen Keith A. Crandall David Milton Miller III Judy Diamond W. Penn Handwerker Steven D. Conradson Craig Martin Crews Kevin A. Morano D. Ellen M. Granger Hidemi Ishida Katharine Covert Andrew Dancis William W. Murdoch Catherine E. Milne Lisa Sattenspiel Stephen Lawrence Craig Katayoon (Katie) Dehesh Kenneth H. Nealson Muriel E. Poston J. Josh Snodgrass Stephen P. Cramer Job Dekker Carole Ober C. Gary Reiness Matthew W. Tocheri Debbie C. Crans Concetta Christine John J. Obrycki Patricia E. Simmons DiRusso Richard Simon Ostfeld Norman Marvin Edelstein ASTRONOMY Harold B. White III Walter K. Dodds Richard A. Padgett Ron Elber Donald N. B. Hall Adele Judith Wolfson Anne M. Dranginis Dianna K. Padilla M. Samy El-Shall Felix J. (Jay) Lockman Caroline Alice Enns Tej Krishan Pandita David S. Ginley ENGINEERING Nancy D. Morrison John W. Fleeger Rohit V. Pappu Yvan Guindon François Baneyx Stephen S. Murray J. Kevin Foskett James Gerard Patton Sharon Hammes-Schi˜er Mark A. Barteau William H. Press Gordon A. Fox Daniel Pauly Bryan F. Henson Stephen A. Boppart ATMOSPHERIC AND John V. Freudenstein David H. Price Lyle D. Isaacs James J. Collins HYDROSPHERIC SCIENCES Robert L. Geahlen Elizabeth C. Ra˜ Samuel P. Kounaves Harold G. Craighead Lance F. Bosart Anne E. Giblin Philip A. Rea Donald M. Kurtz, Jr. Horacio Dante Espinosa William Henry Brune III David Benjamin Goldstein Matthew R. Redinbo Patrick Alan Limbach Glenn H. Fredrickson Arnold L. Gordon Barry M. Gumbiner Bing Ren Katrina Marie Miranda Sharon C. Glotzer Jack A. Kaye Steven James Hallam Michael A. Rex Kenton J. Moody Kenneth E. Goodson Ross J. Salawitch Oliver Hankinson David F. Ritchie Nicos A. Petasis Kevin Edward Healy Mark H. Thiemens Mark Edward Hay Marsha Rich Rosner Blake Robert Peterson Kanti Jain Terry Clyde Hazen Matthew S. Sachs Tijana Rajh Ali Khademhosseini BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES John D. Helmann Ranjan Sen Charles G. Riordan William P. King Alejandro Aballay Wim G.J. Hol Tom H. Stevens Oliver Sacks Klaus S. Lackner Christopher Aiken Helen Frances James Zucai Suo Peter G. Schultz Robert Samuel Langer

36 Cato Thomas Laurencin Karen A. Rader Robert Daniel Beauchamp Bart De Strooper Charles M. Marcus Frances S. Ligler Rose-Mary Sargent Donald M. Bers Gordon L. Fain Laszlo Mihaly Bruce Ernest Logan James B. Bliska Herbert M. Geller Andrew J. Millis Hang Lu INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE & Marc G. Caron Bernardino Ghetti David Julian Sellmyer TECHNOLOGY Glenn E. Lucas John M. Co”n Scott T. Gra¹on Didier Sornette Sudarsanam Suresh Babu Mia K. Markey Timothy L. Cover Nobutaka Hirokawa C. Megan Urry Martin Keller Suresh Menon Robin L. Davisson Ole Isacson Nikos Varelas Proctor Page Reid Adrienne R. Minerick George S. Deepe, Jr. Brian K. Kaspar James M. Utterback PSYCHOLOGY Brij M. Moudgil Ethan Dmitrovsky Eric Klann Toni Claudette Antonucci Carlo Uberto Segre Robert W. Doms Theresa M. Lee INFORMATION, Eugene Borgida David N. Seidman COMPUTING & Ferric C. Fang John E. Lisman John P. Capitanio Shankar Subramaniam COMMUNICATION Toren Finkel Joan F. Lorden Leonard H. Epstein Grétar Tryggvason Nancy M. Amato Walter R. Frontera Roura James O’Connell Mark Stuart Goldman Bruce C. Wheeler Duncan A. Buell Frank Davis Gilliland McNamara Eileen Kowler Xi-Cheng Zhang Henrik Iskov Christensen James Richard Goldenring Lin Mei Helen S. Mayberg Je˜rey Dean Sandra Lee Hofmann Craig Montell GENERAL INTEREST Michael J. Holtzman Wolf Singer Carla P. Gomes SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND IN SCIENCE AND Ananth Grama Michael B. Kastan Olaf Sporns POLITICAL SCIENCES ENGINEERING Karl D. Kieburtz Robert L. Grossman Leslie Michels Thompson Ann Bostrom Dominique Brossard Robert J. LeÐowitz Thomas A. Henzinger Flora M. Vaccarino Paul D. Cleary Susan Gaidos MacRae Fort Linton Charles E. Leiserson Berislav V. Zlokovic Peter Lange Francesca T. Grifo Fu-Tong Liu Deborah L. McGuinness Alberto Palloni Julia A. Moore Kevin C. Kent Lloyd PHARMACEUTICAL Sudeep Sarkar Ginger Pinholster Mark Alan Magnuson SCIENCES Alvy Ray Smith SOCIETAL IMPACTS David F. Salisbury Rob McConnell Joseph Thomas DiPiro OF SCIENCE AND Mark A. Stalzer Paul B. McCray, Jr. Richard A. Houghten ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY LINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE Frederick J. Meyers Paul A. Newhouse Jay Apt John A. Agnew SCIENCES Charles Emerson Murry Peter Charles Preusch Steven C. Currall Sherilyn Claire Fritz Joseph Aoun M. Bishr Omary John A. Secrist III Michele S. Gar–nkel Kevin P. Furlong Ian Maddieson Heloise Anne Pereira Miguel Angel Villalona- Joseph R. Herkert Thomas A. Herring Wayne O’Neil Edward F. Plow Calero Anne-Marie Carroll Mazza Malcolm Hughes Douglas H. Whalen David Robertson PHYSICS STATISTICS Thomas C. Johnson Diane M. Robins Daniela Bortoletto Alan M. MacEachren MATHEMATICS Marc Elliot Rothenberg Raymond J. Carroll Édouard Brézin David Lachlan Meyer Steven F. Ashby Samuel A. Santoro Keith N. Crank Arnold I. Miller Christian Borgs Timothy Alan Springer Jean-Christophe Charlier Barry R. Davis Jean-Bernard Minster Robert P. Lipton John L. Sullivan Giulia Galli Kim-Anh Do Walter Clarkson Pitman III David C. Manderscheid Luke I. Szweda Ronald Gilman Mark Scott Kamlet James E. Quick Qing Nie Joel E. Tepper Thomas Glasmacher Bani K. Mallick H. Joseph Newton Henry P. Schwarcz Philip Protter David M. Virshup Donald L. Hartill Shmuel Weinberger Beverly Karplus Hartline Stephen W. Pierson HISTORY AND NEUROSCIENCE David A. Huse Robert T. Smythe PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE MEDICAL SCIENCES Scott Thomas Brady Andreas S. Kronfeld Michael Stein James Bogen Michael Andree˜ Steven J. Burden Glen Lambertson Jonathan C. Coopersmith Carlos L. Arteaga Valina Lynn Dawson M. Cristina Marchetti

37 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF CONTRIBUTORS

The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledge the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our e˜orts to advance science in the service of society and supported new activities in 2013.

Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous living donors – individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS.

Sibyl R. Golden Alan I. & Agnes F. Leshner Edith D. Neimark The Roger & Ellen Revelle Family Fred Kavli† Marion Milligan Mason† The Pitts Family David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw

Decade Club The Decade Club recognizes individuals who have supported AAAS for ten or more consecutive years.

Philip D. Aines Richard H. Cox Irving S. & Alwyn N. Marie U. Nylen James Stolzenbach Anonymous B. Dana Johnson Peter O’Donnell, Jr. F. William Studier N. Addison Ball William H. Danforth Elaine Kant Allison R. Palmer Joan C. Suit Jean Beard Robin L. Dennis Gary L. and Ilene Katz Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Donald A. Swanson Leslie Z. Benet Craig & Alison Fields Rodger & Doris Ketcham Ralph H. Petrucci Thomas K. Toyama Ernest L. Bergman Frank W. Fitch Bernard M. Kulwicki Ranard J. Pickering A. Forrest Troyer Herman Birch Robert C. Forney Walter R. Lawson Rex F. Pratt Forrest A. Trumbore Phillip L. Blair Helen L. Foster Alan I. & Agnes F. Leshner Edward R. Rang Ari van Tienhoven C. John Blankley Joseph G. Gall Dr. Philip Lichtenberg Donald G. Rea Charles P. Wales Herbert Blumenthal S. Raymond Gambino John H. Litch–eld Juan G. Roederer Emmerson Ward Charles S. Brown David M. Gates Lars Ljungdahl Kenneth L. Rose Robert T. Ward Om bravisshi Om Buddhu Mark L. Gilberstadt Michael Lombardi Robert Rosenthal Donald & Beverly Waters William A. Buehring Sarah B. Glickenhaus Thomas J. Marlowe Melvin Ross Elizabeth K. Weisburger Dennis E. Buetow Edward & Judith Goetzl Walter & Shirley Massey Andrew M. Sessler Robert D. Westfall Jean B. Burnett Albert E. Goss Robert L. Molinari David E. Shaw & Beth Gary R. White Michael J. Calderwood Albert L. Hale Angelyn & Kevin Moore Kobliner Shaw Charles Yanofsky James M. Carhart Daniel A. Hamlin David W. Moreland Emma Shelton Nathaniel Chafee James E. Hammerberg Patricia H. Moyer Nobumichi Shimizu Mary E. Clutter Franklin M. Harold Peter B. Myers Linda C. Smith Robert C. Cowen George John Christer E. Nordman David G. Stahl

President’s Circle Individuals who made signi–cant pledges and contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2013 are highlighted here as part of the President’s Circle, an initiative to recognize our top donors each year.

$100,000 $50,000-$99,999 $25,000-$49,999 $10,000-$24,999 $5,000-$9,999 and above Carol Raugust† Alan I. & Agnes F. Leshner T.T. & W.F. Chao Family Phillip L. Blair Fred Kavli† David E. Shaw & Beth Lawrence H. Linden Kenneth A. Cowin Fred A. Blum † Kobliner Shaw Marion Milligan Mason Ellen J. Scherl Gregory S. Ferriss Monica M. & E. James Edith D. Neimark Stephen & Janelle Fodor Bradford The Pitts Family Pauline P. Lee, in memory Randal J. Kirk of Bernard S. Lee Gregg Mamikunian Constantine Nickou Norman & Georgine Claire Perry Neureiter John S. Reed Dr. Fernando J. Zúñiga-y-Rivero 38 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) $2,500-$4,999 Chi-Hing Christina Cheng Valerie Freireich Kaplan Andrew M. Sessler Nyle C. Brady Maarten J. Chrispeels Junichi Kawada Nobumichi Shimizu Robert L. Brammer Anonymous Helena L. Chum Bruce L. Larson Richard B. Silverman Richard Brandsha¹ Anonymous, in memory of Myrtle Ray Zeiber, Kathleen K. Church Catherine & George Ledec Henry B. Sinclair Robert M. Brenner Jill Sharon Sheridon, Charles W. Clark S. David Leonard Edward S. Spoerl Josephine Briggs Tucker Hake John M. Clough, Jr. Jane Lubchenco Mary Ann Stepp David H. Bromwich Gary & Fay Beauchamp Marshall P. Cloyd John Lummis F. William Studier Hal E. Broxmeyer Hans Bergstrom Mary E. Clutter Carol B. Lynch Donald A. Swanson Carrie Ellen Brubaker Margaret M. & Will B. Edward H. Coe, Jr. Thanh K. Mai Barbara B. Torrey Patricia R. Burchat Betchart George W. Cogan & Fannie Craig C. Malbon Philip C. Trackman Brian W. Burrows Floyd E. Bloom Allen J. Howard Marshall III Leon Trilling Joost A. Businger Je˜rey A. Cooper* Donald G. Comb Thomas R. Mertens Michael S. Turner R. A. Cesena Roy Curtiss III William H. Danforth Richard A. Meserve Gertrude M. Tyce Victor T. Chang Albert T. Dosser Troy E. Daniels Orlando J. Miller Daniel C. Upp Marie-Francoise Chesselet Federico Faggin Jean de Valpine Ronald D. Miller Dan Vickery Tom D. Y. Chin Dr. Hans Hasche-Kluender Je˜rey S. Dean O. Eugene Millhouse Bailus Walker, Jr. Andrew Chong † Marvin Ho˜enberg John T. Deane Robert L. Molinari Warren & Mary Albert K. Christensen Michael W. Hunkapiller Catherine D. DeAngelis William A. Murphy, Jr. Washington Jon C. Clardy Robert B. Litterman George E. DeBoer Paul E. Neiman, MD William J. Welch Ellen W. Clayton Cherry A. Murray Darryl and Alicia DeVivo Jeanne M. Nerbonne Thomas E. Wellems James H. Cleland Stephen Roper & Nirupa Sarah S. Donaldson Richard A. & Joan F. Corwith C. White Thomas E. Clemente Chaudhari Ruth A. Douglas Newmark Ralph R. Widner George G. Cocks Dusan Stefoski Jaquelin P. Dudley John E. Niederhuber Bruce B. Williams J. John Cohen Warren B. Weisberg Charles W. Eigenbrot, Jr. Concepcion R. Nierras Richard B. Wolf Joseph M. Colacino Larry D. Eldridge Ronald & Joan Nordgren Thomas A. & Cynthia Stirling A. Colgate $1,000-$2,499 Woolsey Mary C. Farach-Carson Judith K. Nyquist Rita R. & Jack H. Colwell Edwin J. Adlerman Oran R. Young Nina V. Fedoro˜ Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Dale K. Colyer Bruce M. & Betty Alberts Kevin Finneran George N. & Martha Oetzel Bruce Conrad Anonymous (5) Robert C. Forney Gilbert S. Omenn & $500-$999 James D. Cox Janet J. Asimov Martha A. Darling Paul J. Friedman John D. Aach Richard H. Cox Dr. David Atlas Carolyn L. Orthner H. Hugh Fudenberg Peter Agre B. Dana D. James Baker Herbert E. Paaren S. Raymond Gambino Larry Ahle Jackson Davis David P. Balamuth C. Harvey Palmer Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Edith B. Allen Trisha D. Davis & Eric Dr. Steven C. Beering Joseph L. Giegel Vivian Pan Edward Anders Muller Jerry A. Bell & Mary Ann Terry L. Gilmore Claire L. Parkinson James M. Anderson David H. de Weese & Anne Stepp* Howard Gobstein Joseph G. Perpich & Cathy Nancy Andrews C. Heller Peter D. Blair Sulzberger Sibyl R. Golden Anonymous (20) Kenneth A. DeGhetto Felix H. Boehm Ralph H. Petrucci David J. Goldston Kenneth B. Armitage Hans G. Dehmelt Robert M. Boling Charles C. Philipp Je˜rey C. Gore A. Arnheim Robert J. DeLap Adele L. Boskey, PhD Dr. William H. Press & William K. Hart Diola Bagayoko Sharon Y. R. Dent Edward M. Boughton Je˜rey F. Howell Robert & Margaret Hazen Mary C. Barber Bruce L. Dietrich Richard G. Brennan Edward K. Rice Arthur F. Hebard Roger N. Beachy W. Graeme Donovan Andrew L. Brill Thomas C. Rindfleisch Donald E. Henson Edwin D. Becker Gordon Douglas Kathleen O. Brown Neil Risch Thomas L. Henson Henry F. & Christine S. Miles Drake Myles Brown & Judy Antonio H. Romano Ralph Hillman Beechhold Philip M. DuBois Garber Robert Rosenthal Douglas L. Hintzman Richard W. Benjamin Loyal & Bernice Durand Harold E. Burkhart Beth A. Rosner William F. Holmes J. Claude Bennett Elizabeth D. Earle Jean B. Burnett Donald G. Ross* Gordon R. Hough Leo L. Beranek Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Peter Byers Sue V. Rosser Sahar Houshdaran & Paul Berg Henry L. Ehrlich William J. Canady Arnold Roy Roozbeh Pournader Herman Birch Arthur Eisenkra¹ Marc A. Carrasco Howard A. Royle Alice S. Huang & David Stuart Bondurant Vincent A. Elder Carlton M. Caves Chris Rufer Baltimore Gary E. Booth Andreas Ernst Dr. Gary L. Cecchini David D. & Zulema J. Joan M. Hutchins John G. Bordie Kevin Esvelt Vinton G. Cerf Sabatini Nina G. Jablonski John Brademas Giuseppina Fabbiano & Glenn E. Schweitzer Martin A. Cheever Phyllis E. Johnson Michael Bradie Martin Elvis John Seo

†Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) 39 Patricio Jara Ettinger David C. Humm Shirley & Horace Malcom John W. Poston, Sr. Herbert T. Streu Gillian M. Fenton Mien-Chie Hung Scott L. Manske Glenn D. Prestwich Richard C. Stroh Maria Pontes Ferreira Thomas K. Hunt Maria Julia Marinissen R.K. & G.J. Rains Janet B. Svirsky Eric Firing David W. Ignat Jed B. Marti D. C. Rao Richard M. Swanson Gerald D. & Ruth L. John H. Jacobsen Christopher L. Martin Jimmy L. Rash Susan H. Tam Fischbach John H. Jacobus Herbert F. Massey Stephen Rayport Richard V. Telloni Frank W. Fitch Neil H. Jacoby, Jr. Walter & Shirley Massey Janardan K. Reddy Heriberto V. Thomas Charles J. Flora Karen S. Jakes Kathleen & Randall Doug Redelman William (Tom) Thomas Samuel C. Florman Michael A. Janssen Matthews James C. Register III Jeremy W. Thorner Richard M. Forester Irving S. & Alwyn N. Michael M. May Leonard Rei˜el Robert W. Thresher Richard A. Frankel Johnson Stephen Mayo Charles M. Rice III Dr. Willard R. Thurlow Hans Frauenfelder Jiri Jonas Chris L. McAuli˜e Martin C. Richardson Alvin V. Tollestrup Joel M. Friedman Dale Kagan & Elyse Jim & Sue McCarthy Burton Richter William P. Tompkins Richard Friedman Rosenstein John M. McGhee Richard Ridgway Keiko U. Torii Deborah J. Fulton John R. Kane Marcia K. McNutt Ren L. Ridol– Robert D. Toto Charles G. Gaines Elaine Kant David Meinke Michael E. Ripps Milton C. Trichel Sarah B. Gambrell Cary S. Keller Gregory P. Meisner Michael S. Robertson Michael Troemel Frederick R. Gehlbach David E. Kerley Anastasios Melis John Rogers James H. Turner Neil Gehrels Benjamin Kilgore John & Frances Melone Kenneth C. Rogers James M. Utterback John & Mary Gibbons John H. Kim, M.D. Barton Milligan Gregory J. Ronan Kalliat T. Valsaraj Michael A. Gibson John G. King Cathy E. Minehan John L. Rosenfeld William Velick, MD Henry N. Ginsberg Miles V. Klein Beatrice Mintz Thomas A. & Bonnie M. Ari van Tienhoven Herbert Gintis Kurt Klitzke Don S. Miyada Rosse Emily V. Wade Sirie Godshalk Rob Knight Ernest J. Moniz Sean Sanders Frances Ann Walker Robert G. Goelet Edward J. Kormondy Dick Moore Alfred P. Sattelberger William J. Wallace David A. Goslin Toni M. Kutchan Sandra O. Moose P. Jackson Schad F. Morgan Warzel Kim L. Graham Linda L. Lampl Stewart Lee Moses Peter Schlosser Donald & Beverly Waters Henry T. Greely Patty H. Laswick C. Dan Mote, Jr. Paul L. Schmidbauer Dallas E. Weaver Ronald D. Greenberg Victor W. Laurie David L. Nanney Kirk D. Schmitt Robert J. Weimer Donald F. Grether Ryan V. Lawson Venkatesh Narayanamurti Raymond W. Schmitt Berthold W. Weinstein Louis J. Gross Myron C. Ledbetter Billie C. Nelson Henry R. Schmoll Susan B. Weir Samuel Gubins Lois D. Lehman- Owen J. Newlin Barbara Schoeberl David Weiser McKeeman Duane E. Haines Richard & Lois Nicholson Sara L. Schupf Elizabeth D. Whitaker Cecil E. & Mary L. Leith Alfred W. Hales Jerrold G. Norton Earl H. Sexton Robert M. White James U. Lemke Benjamin C. Hammett John P. O’Connell Steven & Gail Shak Stanley A. White* Richard & Madeleine Carl T. Hansen Richard T. Oehrle Harold T. Shapiro Cathy L. Whitlock Lenski Alexander Harcourt & Kelly Douglas L. Oliver Charles J. Sherr William M. Whitney Richard A. Levinson Stewart Kathie L. Olsen Jean’ne M. Shreeve Mary Ann Williams Daniel J. Lew David Hardy Arthur N. Palmer Saul Silverstein Judith H. & John S. Willis Dr. Philip Lichtenberg Donald P. Harrington* Bob Palmer and Mary Donald M. Simons David L. Wilson Peter R. Limburg John H. Hash Christman Maxine & Daniel Singer Philip J. & Carolyn Wyatt Richard L. Lindroth Roy M. Havenhill John H. Parker Jonathan B. Skinner DeeAnn Yabusaki John T. Lis Fernand A. Hayot Joseph C. Parker, Jr. James L. Smith Charles Yanofsky John H. Litch–eld L. Julian Haywood William T. Peake* W. R. Smith-Vaniz Iris L. Long Siegfried S. Hecker John Peoples, Jr. Dr. Frank J. Sonleitner Julia Campbell Lovin Lizbeth K. Hedstrom Roger M. Perlmutter George C. & Maradel B. Paul Lovoi* Alan J. Heeger Kurt E. Petersen Sonnichsen Paul A. Luciw Mark Heising Donald G. Peterson Stephen A. Spiller Charles A. Lundquist Charles E. Hess Betty L. Petrie Mary C. St. John William B. Lyons John R. Hess Judith A. Petroski & Albert T. Steegmann, Jr. Richard V. MacMillan John E. Hiatt William Wiegand Matthew Stephens Merritt C. Maduke Kim Q. Hill Daniel Pinkel Peter F. Stevens Lorenz C. Magaard Raymond W. Holton Christiane T. Piselli Mark F. Stinski John J. Majnarich Owen M. Hubbard William H. Plotkin, Ph.D. Edward C. Stone, Jr. John C. Makemson Sarah L. Hudson Jonathan A. Plucker Michael P. Stone

40 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions of $100 or more:

$250-$499 Michael D. Coe Edward & Judith Goetzl Kathleen Hoey Lavoie Francis Repas Paul D. Coleman David E. Golan David R. Lay Mary E. Rice Edward M. Acton Barry S. & Bobbi Coller Erwin Goldberg, Professor Howard Leventhal Millard Lee Rice Cyrus H. Adams Arthur R. Cooke Emeritus Mark T. Lewellyn* Barbara K. Rimer Heman P. Adams Max D. Cooper Charles D. Goodman Charles A. Lewis, Jr. Henry M. Rines Jill P. Adler James K. Coward Sharon M. Gordon-Girvin Ira A. Liebson Cristina Roark Lewis E. Agnew Gay M. Crooks Donn S. Gorsline Rulon K. Linford H. Thomas Robertson Philip D. Aines Mark S. Cushman Kathleen L. Gould Peter & Anne Lipke Maxine L. Rocko˜ Gordon Aitken Vincent D’Aco Patricia Anne Grady Patricia C. Lorentzen Sheila R. Ronis Nancy W. Alcock-Hood* Jan W. Dash William L. Green Cli˜ord K. Madsen Vera C. Rubin Lizabeth A. Allison Gary S. David Lee Grodzins Thomas J. Marlowe Daniel Rugar Margaret Amara Richard O. Davis* Jean M. Gudas Randi C. Martin William B. Russel Paul M. Anderson Igor B. Dawid William J. Guilford Gregory Marton Paul Rutecki John C. Angus Paula & Chandler Dawson Robert B. Hall Dennis McKearin Carol A. Ryder Anonymous (21) Robin L. Dennis Robert W. Hall John B. McManus Bernard Salanie Ronald L. Ariagno Timothy Devarenne Daniel A. Hamlin John R. Menninger Mary Sale William Aron Margaret Dewolf Franklin M. Harold Carl R. Merril James S. Sandberg Samuel Aronson David B. Dickinson, Jr. Evan B. Hazard* John S. Meyer Tamiko Sato Arthur K. & Carolyn H. Samuel Hellman Asbury Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Mary M. Meyer Woody & Lyn Savage Eric Hequet* Marc S. Atkins Charles E. Dinsmore Elizabeth Michael Robert J. Schier Susan M. Hinkins David S. & Kathleen N. Andrea K. Dobson Barbara J. Miller Jean M. Schmidt Ayres Theodore E. Donaldson Samuel S. Holland, Jr. Marcia Miller Jose P. Segundo Timothy N. Ayres Erl Dordal David P. Holman Heather Miyagi Cecily C. Selby Samuel F. Baldwin Michael P. Doyle Gabriel N. Hortobagyi James D. Moore David W. Self Alain Balland Richard W. Dutton David & Barbara Juliette M. Moran Joseph W. Serene Houghton Lawrence S. Bartell Eli Dwek Steven C. Moss Carleton B. Shay Kay Huebner Paul A. Bartlett Peter W. Eckel Edward C. Mozley Emma Shelton Marylou Ingram J. B. Bassingthwaighte Gerald E. Edwards Thomas W. Mullikin Charles H. Shultz George T. Jacobi Jean Beard Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. Beth Murphy Stephen Vekkerdy Sikes Dr. Elaine S. Ja˜e Charles C. Berry Reginald J. Exton Catherine J. Murphy Christopher Simpson Sheila & Jay Jasano˜ Anatole Besarab Richard Fallin Koji Nakanishi Jack Sjostrom* Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. Rose S. Bethe David W. Faris Carl F. Nathan Eliot R. Smith Samson A. Jenekhe George E. Bigelow Curtis Farrar Lyle E. Nelson Linda C. Smith Ryan J. Jense C. John Blankley William E. Farrell Walter L. & JoAnn M. Peter B. Snyder Robert S. Kaeser Mordecai P. Blaustein Benedict Feinberg Nelson Paulette Spencer Joanne K. Kelleher Daniel Blitz Allison F. Fentiman Thomas W. Newton Fred E. Sta˜ord James M. Kendall Philip K. Bondy James P. Ferris William T. Norton David G. Stahl Rodger & Doris Ketcham Milton J. Boyd Margaret L. Fonda Je˜rey F. Oda Roy A. Stein, Jr. Joseph J. King, Jr. Rubin Braunstein Stephen P. Fortmann Gary A. Oltmans George F. Sterman Thomas A. Kitchens Dr. Esther Breslow, Daniel W. Foster Walter A. Orenstein Edward A. Stern Harvey L. Kliman Professor Emeritus John & Mary Frantz Greg Osyk James Stolzenbach Jane Q. Koenig William F. Brinkman Kathy E. Freas* Lyman Page, Jr. Shepard B. Stone Rajiv Kohli Elisabeth M. Brown Terry R. Freund David W. Parsons Roy F. Stratton C. Ronald Koons Harold H. Brown Herbert C. Friedmann Marian Peleski Alan J. Strauss Richard L. Kornblith Robert D. Brown, Jr. Shannon Gabriel-Griggs Glen Perry Donald P. Strickert Maria Kovacs Dennis E. Buetow Mary K. Gaillard Philip R. Perry P. R. Sundaresan Michael H. Koval Bruce A. Carlson Joseph H. Gainer Terry M. Peterson Michael J. Swartz Bruce A. Kowert Ann D. Catlett James I. Garrels & Joan E. Ronald A. Pieringer Richard L. Swent Jagdish Chandra Brooks Edward A. Kravitz Ken D. Pischel Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi Walter J. Chazin Sandra J. Gendler Bernard E. Kreger Jerome S. Puskin Edward Tarbuck Hillel J. Chiel Anne E. Giblin Evan P. Kyba Paul Raviart Jean E. Taylor Robert E. Chrien Irma Gigli Peter J. Lang Thomas D. Reed Gary Temple Jim & Stella Coakley Harrison Gill David LaVine Don D. Reeder

†Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) 41 Kenneth R. Teter Gordon W. Anderson Henry Bass William Boone Bonvillian Carolyn L. Cason Evan A. Thompson Larry J. Anderson Karen F. Bates Dewey E. Born Myron L. Caspar Eric J. Thorgerson Lloyd L. Anderson Anna Battenhouse David & Harriet Borton Sarah L. Caspar William L. Tietjen Robert S. Anderson David J. Batuski Randy J. Bos John M. Cassady P. Tillier Scott Anderson Diana J. Bauer John D. Bower Paul A. Catacosinos Murray Tobak Weston Anderson Kyle D. Bayes Elmo L. Bowman Lawrence C. Cerny Andrew M. Todd John Andresen Peter A. Beak James N. Bradbury Gordon C. Certain Franklin H. Top, Jr. Anonymous (76) T. Edmund Beck Herbert W. Bradley Peter C. Chabora Thomas K. Toyama Rudi Ansbacher Ruth E. H. Beeton Brian B. Brady Abhijit Chakladar Francesco B. Trama Frederick J. Antosz Alvin L. Beilby Roscoe R. Braham, Jr. John H. Chamberlain William J. Tuszynski Mohammed Anwer George A. Bekey Suzanne G. Brainard Harry F. Chapell Veronica J. Vieland Evan H. Appelman Paul Belanger J. Stuart Bratholdt Robert G. Chapman Cecil J. Waddington Michael W. Arenton Daniel F. Belknap Werner A. Braun Barbara Charton* Carston R. Wagner George J. Armelagos Edward A. Belongia James F. Brennan Prescott B. Chase Charles Walcott Edward M. Arnett Leslie Z. Benet Michael R. Brent Theodore Chase, Jr. W. James Waldman Dr. Bettina Arnold Herbert D. Benington Weston P. Brewer Allen R. Chauvenet Robert L. Wample Mary C. Arnold Thomas L. Benjamin Frederick A. Briggs Benjamin K. Chen William Bruce Warr Paul Arveson Christoph Benning Bruce W. Bromley Donald B. Chesler Steven F. Watanabe Yukio Asato Richard Beresford James D. Brooks Edwin M. Chewning* Alfons Weber William C. Ashby Ernest L. Bergman Jere H. Brophy Anthony G. Chila Lynn Wecker Arnold C. Ashcra¹ Herbert L. Berk Charles S. Brown Wai-Yim Ching Robert D. Westfall Laurence D. Ashley Gerald Berkelhammer Deborah E. Brown Reginald C. Chisholm James P. Whipple Richard H. Aster Brock B. Bernstein Dennis J. Brown Sallie W. Chisholm Garnett B. Whitehurst* Balasubramania H. R. Stephen Berry Donald J. Brown Henrik Christensen James G. Wiener Athreya Viktors Berstis Frank Brown Purnell W. Choppin M. Guill Wientjes Roger Atkinson Kevin P. Bertrand Robert E. Brown Pritindra Chowdhuri Dr. John & Valerie Williams Ronald K. Atwood Erwin P. Bettinghaus John C. Browne Peter Choyke Martin H. Wojcik William S. Augerson Robert F. Betts Robert E. Bruccoleri Simon L. Chung Wayne C. Wolsey Hannah L. Aurbach Joseph P. Bevak Michael F. Bruist Michael Church Andrew & Greta Wright Okan Azmak William C. Bianchi Daniela Buac Helen R. Churella William Young Jocelyne Bachevalier Charles E. Bidwell Caryl E. Buchwald Ronald Citron Felix E. Zajac III Charles Bacon David M. Bisaro Evan Buck Shaun F. Clancy Vincent P. Zarcone, Jr. Je˜rey L. Bada Nilambar Biswal Stephen P. Buckmaster Barry G. Clark Anne S. Zimmerman John V. Badding Nirendra N. Biswas William A. Buehring George A. Clark, Jr. Thomas A. Badgwell Eve M. Bither Esther A. Bullitt Robert A. Clark $100-$249 Stanley Bailis O. J. Bizzozero, Jr. Robert W. Bundtzen Robert M. Clark James S. Aagaard Kevin H. Baines Peter E. Black Peter C. Burger Theodore G. Clark Ashley J. Aberg Mary Ann Baker Meredith Blackwell John R. Burgess John F. Clarke S. C. Abrahams David P. Balding Leiv H. Blad D. L. Burke Theodore C. Clarke Rosalyn Adam John Balint Robert E. Blankenship Mary F. Burke Allison Co”n Ernest C. Adams Berton E. Ballard Robert J. Blendon Ronald G. Burns Abby J. Cohen Mary B. Adams* Karen J. Bame Frederick A. Bliss Stephen H. Burns D. Walter Cohen W. Richards Adrion Anjuli S. Bamzai Amy S. Bloom Dale K. Burtner Michael P. Cohen Leif A. Ahrens C. Kenneth Banks, Jr. Tim Bloom Edward G. Buss Sheldon H. Cohen Cameron Ainsworth Franc A. Barada, Jr. Donald Blumenthal Ruth A. Butler G. James Collatz Gerald P. Alldredge Thomas D. Barber* Herbert Blumenthal Bradford Butman David Collier Anne Christine Allen Jack D. Barchas Hans R. Bode Michael J. Calderwood Henry O. Colomb Caitilyn Allen William E. Barkley James M. Bodner James H. Caldwell Roberta R. Conlan W. Anthony Allison Jacqueline Barlow Ray F. Boehmer Michael Calhoun Philip E. Converse Charles E. Alpers Franklin H. Barnwell John F. Bohmfalk James M. Carhart Edgar E. Coons Arthur L. Altshiller Francis J. Barros Barbara A. Bohne William C. Carlson William J. Cooper Michael Amdurer Edwin F. Bartholomew David W. Bolen Peter D. Carragher* Carol M. Copp Christopher I. Amos Allen H. Barton H. Fred Bomberger Robert A. Cary Philip Coppens Robert G. Amundson Thomas R. & Johanna K. Martha W. Bond Judd A. Case Charles D. Cornwell Baruch Cris J. Anderson Francis T. Bonner Antonella Casola* Patricia F. Cottam

42 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) Eugene E. Covert Terrence M. Donohue, Jr. Arnold M. Feingold Georgine M. Garbisch Albert E. Goss Jack D. Cowan Linneaus C. Dorman Stuart I. Feldman Turkan K. Gardenier Barbara Gothe Robert C. Cowen John Doty, Jr. James S. Felton Murray B. Gardner Virginia A. Gottschalk William A. Craig Walter R. Dowdle Edwin L. Ferguson William G. Gardner Ronald L. Graham Frederick L. Crane Eric Dowell Alicia Fernandez David E. Gar–n Gustavo E. Grampp Mildred R. Crary John E. Dowling Lynn Ferris Lucille B. Garmon Temple Grandin David Crockett Harold B. Dowse Isaiah J. Fidler & Margaret Margaret A. Garnjost Howard Graves & Julie Gloria Crook Michael D. Doyle L. Kripke Laurie Garrett Baller John H. Crowe* Alexander J. Dragt John B. Fieser Ann C. Garstang Michael V. Green Alfred J. Crowle T. W. Dreher Brian Filipowski David Garvin William M. Greenberg Stephen J. Cuchel R. A. Dressler Alison Finnegan David M. Gates Arthur F. Greene Will E. Cummings George B. Driesen Delbert A. Fisher Thomas K. Gaylord Frederick D. Greene Michael W. Cunningham Gary J. Drtina Lewis T. Fitch Sinclair Gearing Gerald R. Greene Christine A. Curcio Robert A. Dudley James E. Fitzgerald Kathleen M. Geise Daniel L. Greer August O. Curley Frank H. Du˜y Yael Fitzpatrick Ross Gelbspan Je˜rey M. Greve Gregory Cybul* Lawrence K. Du˜y Robert Flath Richard E. Gelinas David Gri”n Joseph Daigle T. Duncan David J. Fletcher* Myron Genel Richard E. Grindeland Daniel S. Daniel* Thomas H. & Sylvia A. M. John D. Fletcher Konstantine P. Alla Grishok Stacy L. Daniels Dunning Allen P. Flora* Georgakakos Sidney E. Grossberg J. D. S. Danielson E. B. Dussan Gregory C. Flynn Phil H. George Gordon L. Grosscup Joseph A. D’Anna, Jr. Melvyn Dutton William J. Forrest George L. Gerton Melvin M. Grumbach Purandar Dasgupta Helen J. Dyson Mark A. Fortuna Ronald L. Gester Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. Joan Dash Peter S. Eagleson Helen L. Foster Nelson F. Getchell Barry M. Gumbiner Stuart L. Dattner Kirk A. Easley Reba B. Fournier Sandra H. Gianturco J. Ryan Gunsalus Herbert A. David Douglas P. Easton Fred Fox David T. Gibson John Gurley Harold M. Davidson Gregor P. Eberli J. Lawrence Fox Mark Gibson Perry Gustafson Charles F. Davis, Jr. D. P. Edwards Renny Franceschi Nancy Y. Gi¹ C. David Gutsche Charles H. Davis Franco Einaudi Dean H. Francis Mark L. Gilberstadt Joseph C. Guzzo Jim Davis Richard Eisenberg Bruce H. Frank John C. Gille Gerhard J. Haas Peter R. De Forest Georgia C. Eizenga Joseph Frankel Neal C. Gillespie Robert Hackenburg Michael De Rosa Mark P. Elenko Wilbur A. Franklin Robert N. Ginsburg Jerrier A. Haddad Richard M. Deamer Nancy A. Elliott Judy R. Franz W. Cli˜ord Girard Stephen C. Hadler Charles H. Debrovner Robert Elsner William B. Freedman Dale Glasgow Gerhard E. Hahne Charles J. Delp David K. Emmel Mahlon V. R. Freeman Charles Glashausser Kater Hake Gunther Dennert Noble A. Endicott Samuel W. French William S. Gleason Adam M. Halasz Peter R. Denwood Bernard T. Engel Henry T. Freudenreich Joseph A. Glover Albert L. Hale* Don C. Des Jarlais Don Engel Je˜rey Freymueller Martin E. Gluckstein Marc S. Halfon David P. Dethier Sol W. Englander Carl Frieden Ramanathan Carl W. Hall Gnanadesikan James K. Detling George A. Englesson Bernd Fritzsch Dwight H. Hall Allen M. Gold William Deville Ozlem Equils William E. Fry Forrest G. Hall* Lauren Goldie Arindam Dhar John B. Erdmann Dennis G. Fryback John E. Hall J.E. Goldman Sidney Diamond Robert L. Erickson Robert Frye Mary B. Hall Peter Gollon Manuel O. Diaz Charles W. Eriksen Gerard J. Fryer Prudence J. Hall Anne H. Good Robert J. Diaz Susan G. Ernst Carol M. Fuller Zach W. Hall Plesent W. Goode Michael Di Battista W. Gary Ernst Stephen K. Furnas K. A. Halmi Nicholas D. Goodman William E. Dibble Sharon Esker Archer H. Futch Barbara A. Hamanaka Reba Goodman Remo Di Censo Asher Etkin T. Gable Arlene Hamburg William H. Goodson III Paula Diehr Randal S. Evans Sarah Ga˜en Robert L. Hamilton Jesse F. Goodwin Joseph B. DiGiorgio John H. Exton Mitchell H. Gail Philip D. Hammen Charles Goorsky Gilbert R. DiLeone Phyllis M. Faber Harold Gainer Charles F. Hammer Jennifer Gordon Kevin Dimmitt Sandra M. Faber Hannah Galantino-Homer James E. Hammerberg Joel S. & Marlene R. C. Wesley Dingman II Robert L. Fairchild Patrick & Debye Galaska* Ulrich Hammerling Gordon Winifred W. Doane Robert Fairclough Joseph G. Gall Katherine A. G. Hammond Malcolm S. Gordon Roberto Docampo Jay & Barbara Farber Mary O. Gallwey Roy G. Hammonds Rudolf N. Gorokhovsky* Amy Donner Kaye H. Fealing Elisabeth Gantt O. W. Hampton

†Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) 43 Ingeborg Hanbauer-Costa E. B. Hooper, Jr. William A. Jensen Ellen D. Ketterson James S. Langer Joseph G. Hancock Anita K. Hopper Randall M. Jeter Ray E. Kidder Robert E. Lanou, Jr. Richard Handy Simon Horenstein Elliot Jevine Sylvia Kihara & Roger J. Jean K. Largis Michael H. Hanna Michael H. Horn John H. Jewell Neill Paul A. Larson Dennis Hansell Frank A. Horrigan Irene Jillson Ron Kikinis Joyce C. Lashof D. Alan Hansen* Diana M. Horvath Yishi Jin Robert B. Kimsey Carol L. Lassen Wesley H. Harker Lansing C. Hoskins Brian E. Johnson Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr.* K. P. Lau Glen A. Harris, Jr. Paul V.C. Hough Clark Johnson Toichiro Kinoshita Allan H. Laufer Leonard Harris David C. Houle Erik D. Johnson Thomas Kinraide Leo L. Laughlin Richard E. Harris Edwin W. House Hollis R. Johnson Edward O. Kinzie Ann M. Lawler Melvin A. Harrison Estil V. Hoversten Howard P. Johnson Kate P. Kirby Ronald G. Lawler Michael Harryman Allan K. Hovland James F. Johnson David E. Kissel Walter R. Lawson Kirsten Hartil Larry B. Howard Stewart W. Johnson Vera Kistiakowsky Edward P. Lazear Richard D. Harvey Leslie M. Howard William V. Johnston Johan B. Klassen William M. Leach Patricia J. Hatton Ke Chiang Hsieh Anthony R. Jones Michael S. Klassen Tucker W. Lebien Michael G. Hauser Evelyn L. Hu Edwin R. Jones Anita S. Klein James H. Lecky Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Michael J. Huerkamp Irene M. Jones Kenneth A. Klein David J. Ledden Bruce Hawkins Vicki D. Hu˜ Lawrence W. Jones Scott & Heather Kleiner Albert C. Lee Barbara E. Hayes Donald L. Hu˜man Lucy W. K. Jones Thornton C. Kline, Jr. Chuan-Pu Lee Edmund Hazzard Carroll G. Hughes III* Mark E. Jones W. S. Klipper Lela Lee & Norman Wikner Tianying He James M. Hughes Patricia M. Jones James J. Knierim Dennis B. Leeper Tom Head Denise Hui Erica C. Jonlin Gerd Kobal Michael J. Leibowitz James V. Heck Randall G. Hulet Elke Jordan Thomas A. Kocarek Pamela Lein Sheila W. Hedges Jerry Huller Shobha Joshi Michael F. Koehl William Leiserson Santosh A. Helekar Marc F. Hult Bruce Kabako˜ Stephen C. Kolakowsky Peter Lengyel Edward W. Henderson David M. Humphrey Thomas Kagle Anthony L. Komaro˜ & Edwin & Judith Leonard Lydia Villa-Komaro˜ Donald H. Henley Susanne M. Humphrey Burton S. Kaliski, Jr. Heather M. Leslie Calvin F. Konzak C. Brian Hennessey Frank P. Hungate Aimee A. Kane Peter M. Lesser Felix F. Kopstein O’Dell W. Henson, Jr. Eric Hunter James S. Kane Henry Levenson Victor Korenman Robert K. Herman J. Stuart Hunter Norval M. Kane Richard Levenson Sasha Koulish Davis Hershey Charles E. Huntington David E. Kanouse Robert E. Levin Shirley A. Kovacs George B. Hess David P. Huston James B. Kaper Sydney Levitus Theodore R. Kozlowski Lynne Heye Lida Hutchings Yashwant D. Karkhanis Mortimer Levitz Robert A. Kreber James L. Hickerson Leonard S. & Judith N. Peter D. Karp Eugene H. Levy David Kreshek Paul I. Hicock Hyman Je˜rey W. Karpen Bruce V. Lewenstein Robert I. Krieger* Norwood O. Hill Victor F. Iacocca David L. Kaufman Hugh B. Lewis Leonard Kristalka Ernest Hilsenrath* David E. Illig Paula B. Kavathas John B. Lewis Katherine Krolikowski William E. Himwich Tadashi Inagami Ruth Tone Kawashima C. C. Li David Kronen Irvin N. Hirsh–eld Antonino Incardona Naod Kebede David W. Li John S. Kronholm David C. Hoaglin Leah M. Ingraham Robert Keefe David A. Liberman Steven A. Kuhl Hans Henrich Hock Masayoshi Itoh Edward Keenan Craig M. Liddell James W. Kuhn Mary Y. P. Hockaday Craig M. Jackson James E. Keith Margaret Lieb Anil D. Kulkarni Morris Hodara David A. Jackson G. Randy Keller Sidney Liebes Frederick A. Kundell Raymond D. Hokinson James F. Jackson Howard Keller John P. Linderman Ernest A. Kurmes Frank Hole* K. Bruce Jacobson John J. Kelley Quentin W. Lindsey Donna R. Kuroda Kay E. Holekamp Charles Jacoby David R. Kelly Steven C. Lingenfelter Harvey D. Kushner Robert M. Hollingworth Jerome J. Jacoby William E. Kelly Christopher J. Lingle John E. Kutzbach Jack A. Hollon Laurinda A. Ja˜e Arthur Kendall Jerry B. Lingrel June Kwon-chung Joe Hollstein Andre T. Jagendorf Kenneth A. R. Kennedy Marcia C. Linn Michael Labarbera Richard F. Holm Arthur R. Jameson Charles F. Kennel Stephen C. Linn Paul A. Lachance Eric W. Holman Bernard W. Janicki Ann M. Kenney Nelson R. Lipshutz Miriam R. Lacher Harry D. Holmgren Gary Jason Kern E. Kenyon James A. Lipton Andrew A. Lackner Robert Holmgren Stephen N. Jasperson Anthony M. Kerdock Bruce Littman Susan Landau Andrew W. Holowinsky Thomas W. Je˜ries Donald M. Kerr, Jr. Stephen C. Liu Neal F. Lane William C. Holz Marjorie L. Jennings Mark W. Ketterer Philip Livingston

44 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) Lars Ljungdahl Michael McCarville Oliver C. Moles, Jr. John C. Nemeth Ning Pan David A. Lloyd Rob McConnell N. Christine Molina James J. Nestor Pete Pankey Felix J. Lockman Daniel J. McCormack John D. Molloy Steven Neuberg Christos Papadopoulos Robert B. Lo¹–eld J. McCormick Jean I. Montagu Elizabeth F. Neufeld Stelios Papadopoulos Merry Lojkovic Candice McCoy Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz Je˜ery L. Newmeyer Devra A. Parks Irving M. London Layton L. McCoy Walter G. Montgomery Charles M. Newstead William G. Parzybok, Jr. Gabrielle G. Long Herschell J. McCunn Charles J. Moody Chester W. Newton F. C. Pasley Norman W. Lord Harry E. McDonald III David A. Moon Robert L. Newton Neela Patel Richard J. Loveless Neil McDonnell Angelyn & Kevin Moore Thanh B. Nguyen Duncan T. Patten John C. Lovell James L. & Rosemarie Gerald L. Moore Clayton R. Nichols* James F. Patterson John P. Loveridge McElhaney Grace W. Moore Johanna Nichols Robert D. Patterson Jerold M. Lowenstein George N. McInnis, Jr. John F. Moore Charles P. Nicholson* Ara & Shirley Paul Jack Lowenthal* Marla S. McIntosh Richard E. Moore Peter Nickerson John R. Payne Donald Lowy Wilbert J. McKeachie Thomas G. Moore Michael Niederweis Charles R. Peebles Jie Lu Christopher F. McKee Michael J. Moratto Ralph Nielsen Chin-Tzu Peng Louise M. Luckenbill Donald P. McNamara David W. Moreland Thomas M. Niesen Richard Durand Pering Steven C. Luckstead Norman D. Meadow* E. Pierre Morenon A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa Brent Perkins Allan J. Lundeen William A. Meezan Henry G. Morgan Lillian Niu Je˜ Perkins Brandon Lundmark Gilbert W. Meier* Dennis Moritz Vincent Noto Mark J. Perlow Jianhua Luo Kenneth M. Meinecke Edward K. Morris Dag Nummedal Udo Pernisz William L. Lupatkin Howard C. Mel Oliver Morris Marie U. Nylen Joseph W. Perry Frederick Lurting Michael Melampy Sidney M. Morris, Jr. Dr. John R. O’Fallon Alexander Pertsemlidis Daniel J. Luthringer Barbara L. Merchant Nancy D. Morrison William M. O’Fallon Alea Peters Joseph W. Lyding Rita A. Mercille Grant Morrow III Bruce O’Gara John E. Peterson Robert L. Lynch George Merkel Robert A. Morse Lynn L. Ogden M A. Peterson Judith Lytle Joseph F. Merklin* Stephen D. Morton Alice S. Oglesby Peter Pfromm Te-Hsiu Ma Ethan A. Merritt Roger Moseley John J. Ohala Julia M. Phillips Robert J. Macek James L. Merz Christopher Motley Robert Olin Lawrence E. Phillips William W. MacLaughlin Mihajlo Mesarovic* John A. Moyer Carmen Olito George N. Phillips, Jr. Karl L. Magleby Susan F. Messinger Patricia H. Moyer Anne S. Olsen Jamie Picard Maynard H. Makman James Z. Metalios Forrest Mozer Khris B. Olsen Al Pickett Constantine J. Maletskos E. Gerald Meyer Lisa Mueller Robert W. Olsen Susan B. Piepho Marilyn S. Mann Alfred F. Michael, Jr. J. Fraser Muirhead John S. Olson Gerald B. Pier Jeremiah Mans F. Marc Michel Stanley A. Mulaik Richard K. Olsson Alburt E. Pifer David J. March Molly R. Mignon Tamara A. Muldrow Susan C. Opava Joseph F. Pi˜at Jack S. Margolis Donald H. Miller David Muller Stuart H. Orkin Wellington J. Pindar Mark Markham I. George Miller Susan Mullhaupt Robert B. Orr David Pines Janet Marott Jerry W. Miller Christopher R. Mullis Donald S. Orth Joseph C. Polacco* Roberto A. Marques Katherine R. Miller Catherine L. Munera Steven J. Ory Roberto Polakiewicz Julian B. Marsh Marvin J. Miller Robert L. Munroe Henry H. Osborn Thomas G. & Maryann Henrik Martens Robert J. Miller W. H. Murdy Judith A. Osborn PoleÐa Dean F. Martin Wilbur H. Miller Donal B. Murphy Waite R. Osterkamp Karl Polivka F. Martin William M. Miller Alexandra Mutchler Richard J. Otter Henry Pollack William H. Martin L. E. Millikan Stephen E. Myers George Oulundsen Lee G. Pondrom Joaquin G. Martinez Lester G. Milroy III Gerald Nadler Saundra Oyewole Gri”n Poole John M. Mason, Jr. David S. Milstone Padmanabhan P. Nair Lauren M. Pachman Mark Porter Douglas S. Massey & Donald A. Mitchell Herman S. Napier Robert H. Page Oscar F. Porter Susan T. Fiske Pamela H. Mitchell James W. Neel Chang H. Paik Kenneth D. Poss Win–eld Massie Wayne D. Mitchell Howard L. Nekimken Thomas & Cheryl Palfrey Francis M. Pottenger Thomas R. Matthews* Ichiro Miyagawa David L. Nelson Allison R. Palmer Paul E. Potter Miriam J. Mauzerall William C. Mobley Joseph Nelson John D. Palmer Richard C. Potter Peter Mazur Gunnard W. Modin Richard S. Nelson & Carol Neil H. Palmer Robert W. Powers Joseph J. Mazza Jon Moehlmann L. Enkoji Victor R. Palmeri Eline Luning Prak Wallace R. McAllister* William E. Moerner Ron O. Nelson Kim Palmo Rex F. Pratt Mollie E. McBride Karen Mohlke Martin J. Nemer John M. Palms Harry J. Presberg

†Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) 45 Edward Prince Eugene Roberts Asaf A. Salamov Kenneth D. Sherrell Allan C. Spradling Charles H. Pritchard John D. Roberts William R. Salzman John Sherwell Don Springer David L. Propst Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Richard H. Sands George C. Shields Lawrence A. Sromovsky Charles H. Pruett Theodore G. Roberts Allan R. Sanford John Shigeoka Donald L. St. Germain Donald & Donna Pulitzer Arthur R. Robinson Thomas B. Sanford Najeeb A. Shirwany E. John Staba Jules B. Puschett Cynthia Robinson Gary E. Sanger Eric Shooter James P. Stack Roger Pynn Hugh G. Robinson Dennis S. Santella David R. Shortle Leonidas A. Stamatatos Peter H. Quail Peter Robinson Rose-Mary Sargent Abraham Shulman Donald E. Stanley Edward J. Quilligan Aylin Rodan Marcus C. Saro–m Jack M. Siegel Irving C. Statler Omar A. Qureshi* James Rodgers Anne P. Sassaman Bernard G. Silbernagel Norman Stau˜er Lon Radin Annette Rodriguez Lawrence J. Satkowiak Michael Silverstein Janet M. Stavnezer Mark S. Radomski William J. Rodriguez Ben T. Sato Michael Silves Jona Steele Meghan Radtke Alan E. Rogers Eric Saund Eric J. Simon Richard A. Steeves Stephen C. Ragatz Lee F. Rogers Je˜rey J. Saunders Norman M. Simon Thomas A. & Joan A. Steitz Yueh-Erh Rahman Jarrow L. Rogovin John E. Savage R. Mark Simpson David J. Stensrud Tijana Rajh Fritz Rohrlich Jack Sawyer Laura Sims Q. D. Stephen-Hassard William E. Ramsden Marta L. Rojas Howard K. Schachman Sunil K. Sinha Rosemary A. Stevens John D. Randall Elaine Roman Frank Schambach Monroe G. Sirken Adalynn J. Stevenson Edward R. Rang Steven Rooke Richard C. Schauer James C. Sisson Nancy R. Stevenson M. M. Rao Kenneth L. Rose PB Schechter Jack W. Sites, Jr. William G. Stevenson R. Ronald Rau Mark D. Rose Jodi Sche˜ler Margaret P. Skillern Norman R. Stewart Virginia Rausch Herman S. Rosenbaum W. Robert Scheidt Gordon B. Skinner Michael Stitelman Leonard Rawicz Norman Rosenberg Elliott Schi˜mann Eugene B. Skolniko˜ James H. Stith Timothy W. Raykovich Steven Rosenberg Elihu Schimmel Arlie M. Skov Michael K. Stock John C. Raymond James L. Rosenberger Ruth A. M. Schmidt James E. Slack Daniel Stodolsky Donald G. Rea Brian J. Rosenthal Jerry A. Schneider James Slinkman Edward C. Stoever David B. Reagon Ralph Roskies David A. Schooley Gary D. Sloan Ray Stonecipher Bruce A. Rector Bernard Ross Ean Schuessler Pamela L. C. Small Rainer F. Storb Lynne M. Reder David A. & Edith H. Ross Linda A. Schuler Alan J. Smith Truman Storvick Edward F. Redish Donald C. Ross Richard M. Schultz Bernard Smith John R. Strahler Donald E. Redmond, Jr. A. David Rossin Gertrud M. Schupbach Elske P. Smith James B. Strait Robert P. Redwine Lucia B. Rothman-Denes Harvey Schussler James C. Smith John R. Stroehlein Kenneth J. Reed Richard L. Rotundo Lois Schutte Lex B. Smith Raymond G. Stross Marion K. Reeve David T. Rowlands Nathan A. Schwadron Michael M. Smith Susan S. Suarez Raymond Reeves Diana M. Roy James A. Schwantes Nina Smith Joan C. Suit Paul B. Reichardt Thomas C. Royer Benjamin Schwartz & Orville A. Smith Venkatesan Sundaresan Gregory D. Reinhart Laurens N. Ruben Susan Cullen-Schwartz Sidney R. Smith Glenn W. Suter II Jakob Reiser Herman Rubin Charlynn Schweingruber Stewart E. Smith David F. Sutter Leonard J. Reiser Eduardo H. Rubinstein Vanessa J. Schweizer Thomas J. Smith Ernest S. Sutton Minocher C. Reporter Roberta L. Rudnick A. Scopelli Robert Snyder Jerome D. Swalen Jean P. Revel Patricia Kwok Rudolph Norman Scott Michael Sogard Melvin N. Swanson Jay B. Revell Klaus Ruedenberg Charles Scudder Ernest R. Sohns Raymond W. Sweet Robert W. Rex Paul Ruegger Gilbert R. Seely Ronald E. Somerby Stephen I. Szara Paul R. Reynolds Je˜rey A. Runge Rima M. Segal Charles M. Sommer–eld Chris Szent-Gyorgyi Arnold L. Rheingold L. M. Russako˜ David W. Severson Xiaomeng Song Jack W. Szostak B. K. Richard John J. Russell Barbara W. Seymour Eugene Sorets Rowland W. Tabor Kathryn E.Y. Richardson Michael J. Russell Eric M. Shank Tobin Sosnick Mohammed Tabrizi Lynn M. Riddiford & James Patrick J. Russell Robert Y. Shapiro Russell Southwick Susan Y. Tamura* W. Truman Thomas A. Russo Andrey S. Shaw David I. Soybel Rebecca Wanfang Tan Austen F. Riggs II Seward Rutkove Robert W. Shaw, Jr. Linda P. Spear Morris Tanenbaum Irven H. Rinard Nathan Rynn Walter Shearer Patricia G. Spear Pieter P. Tans Steven J. Ring Oswald Saavedra Eleanor B. Sheldon Kimberly M. Specht Sara S. Taylor Robert J. Ringlee George H. Sack, Jr. Robert K. Shelly Philip C. Spiller Max Tegmark Jean Adams Robbins Yoneo Sagawa Paul F. Shepard Jean Paul Spire Norman M. Tepley Donna Roberts Zubaida R. Saifudeen Shane Shepherd John K. Spitznagel Raymond L. Teplitz

46 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) Irwin Tessman Norman J. Viehmann John A. Widness Paul E. Zorsky Paul Day-Lucore Anson B. Thacher John W. Vinson Cheryl Wietz Kenneth De Ghetto David G. Thanassi Albert F. Wagner Margaret P. Wilder Patrons Sankar Dhinu Amy E. Thiessen Charles P. Wales Alexander H. Williams* Edward Aboufadel Gregory C Donadio Edith Y. Thoburn Michael W. Walker Anna M. Williams R. Paul A¹ring Albert Dosser David B. Thomas Richard J. Walker Brown F. Williams* Mohamad Alhakim Jaquelin Dudley James C. Thomas William A. Wallace Ellen D. Williams James Altman Peter W. Eckel Michael Thomas Thomas R. Waller T. Walley Williams III Deborah Amey John Edgcomb George D. Thome Henry & Doris Walter Kenneth D. Williamson Asma Amleh Estia Eichten Herbert W. Thompson Nils G. Walter Bobby L. Wilson Albert Anderson James Ellis Linda F. Thompson Robert T. Ward* Linda S. Wilson David Anderson Joseph Engenito Louis S. Thompson Bennie R. Ware Eckard Wimmer Dale Bachwich Eldon Enger M. E. Thouless David S. Warren Sidney G. Winter, Jr. Mary Barber Eric Engstrom D M. Tiede Roxanne Warren Allen H. Wise Kathleen Berger Theodore Fathauer David C. Tiemeier Steven F. Warren Evelyn M. Witkin* Mayim Bialik Robert Fay Robert F. Tinker Robert Wasserstrom Jean G. Witt Chris Biemesderfer Alison Fennessy Fields James W. Titus Ruedi Wassmer Robert M. Wohlfeld David Billeter Richard Friedman Robert K. Togasaki Richard E. Waugh Marc S. Wold J. Michael Bishop Peter Fruhstorfer Odin A. Toness Larry H. Weaver John H. Wolfe Jerome L. Bleiweis John C. Fuhr David H. Tracy Mark E. Weaver Douglas R. Woll James Boslough R. F. Gaeke Vicki L. Traina-Dorge Robert F. Weaver Daniel Wong John Brademas Curtis Galloway John Tranquada Paul Webb Maylene Wong Olga Breydo James Garrels O. D. Trapp Thompson Webb III J. Walter Woodbury Eric Brins–eld Thomas Giroux Alfred Traverse Rebecca Webber Gordon R. Woodcock David Bristol John Gluck David J. Triggle Molly Weeks Robert J. Wordinger David Brooks Howard Gobstein Russell F. Trimble Peter D. Weigl Robert J. Wright Joan Brooks Alfred Goldberg A. Forrest Troyer John W. Weil Robin L. Wright William Brooks Sheila Ha¹er Gray Dwight D. Trueblood William J. Weinstock William W. Wright Eric Burger Richard Green Forrest A. Trumbore Morton W. Weir William A. Wulf Julia Butters Laura Greene Joel S. Trupin Milton M. Weiser Kathryn M. Yarosevich Mark Campbell Carl Gri”th Joan Tucker Je˜rey Weiss Richard A. Yates Daniel B. Caplan Wilhelm Gruissem John M. Tucker, Jr. Cara Weitzsacker Lynn A. Yehle Marc Carrasco Samuel Gubins William J. Tuddenham Luiz Weksler Belinda R. Yen Christina Caserio Louis Gurvich Terry E. Tullis & Connie William W. Wells James E. Young Luciano Castillo Nancy Haigwood Worthington Ruth Welti Charlie A. Yparraguirre T. Cauthorn Daniel Hankey Barbara C. Turner Robert Wenger Leepo Yu Carlton Caves Alexander Harcourt Donald W. Twohy Kim R. Wennerberg Nicholas W. Yurek Daniel Cayan John Harkins Trevor A. Tyson Paul J. Werner & Christel Stuart Yuspa Nathaniel Chafee John G. Harkins Eldon Ulrich S. Cranston Liang Yuying John Champlin Susan Harrington Brian D. Underwood Robert A. Wesley Michael J. Zacharkow Spencer Chapman Hans Hasche-Kluender Ronald Urvater Sandra D. Westerheide* Louis G. Zachos Jim Chervenak Douglas Hauge Manuel T. Uy John L. Wetherby Milton Zaitlin Andrew Chong Charles Hawkins Jane L. Valentine Guy M. Weyl Martin Zatz Austin Church Je˜rey Hayden James Valles David J. Whalen Scott Zeitlin Aaron Clark Rudy Henninger J. K. Vandiver Lennard Wharton William F. Zelezny Charles Clark Thomas Henson Andrew J. Van Horn Esther F. Wheeler Clive S. Zent Barbara Clemmensen Robert Hess W. Karl VanNewkirk Maynard B. Wheeler Tien Y. Zhao Emery Conrad Joanna Hicks Robert Var Thomas J. Wheeler Ekhard Ziegler Donald Cook Angel Hita Moshe Y. Vardi Albert D. Wheelon Gary W. Zieve Paul Cooley John L. Hofstra Louis E. Varga Harold B. White III Richard E. Zigmond Alan Crawford William Hogan Sandor G. Vari Irvin L. White Adrienne L. Zihlman Edmund Crouch Brandon Huneycutt William J. Vaughan John A. White Richard H. Zimmerman Kenneth Crumley Michael Hunter Lee T. Venolia & John W. Peter White William Zimmermann, Jr. R. S. Cutshall David W. Ignat Thoman William Whitman Charlotte M. Zitrin H. Clay Daulton Michael Ilyinsky Gordon M. Verber Norman E. Wideburg Marian Zlotkiewicz Lloyd Davidson Thomas Campbell Jackson

47 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) Karen Jakes Howard Morgan Dusan Stefoski Boston Foundation John Templeton Gary Jason Fernando Morris Richard Steiner Canon U.S.A., Inc. Foundation Ryan Jense Edward Moulton Richard Stephens Carnegie Corporation of The Joyce Foundation Joseph Johnson Eric Phillip Muntz Rick Stephens New York The Kavli Foundation Mari-Vaughn Johnson Cherry Ann Murray Shepard Stone Case IH L. Weksler Anesthesia George Johnston Maureen Neitz S. D. Stroupe The Commonwealth Fund Lampl-Herbert Consultants, Inc. Stephen Jones Peter Neupert Steven Struhar Consolidated Chemical Works, LTD Legacy Management Inc. William Kane Mark Nockleby G. Marie Swanson Dana Foundation The Lemelson Foundation Michael Kelley Jacques Nor Glenn Thomas The David and Lucile Leo L. Beranek Foundation Jack Kerns Edward Oates Victoria TiÖ Packard Foundation Litterman Family William Kerr Don O’Brien Jon Kare Time The Dolotta Family Foundation Lewis Kinter Michael Ogrodnik Philip Tucker Charitable Foundation L’Oréal USA Randal Kirk P. O’Keefe Ralston Turbeville EMJAYCO LP Lundeen Foundation Robert Kirshner John Oriorden Kirsten Vadheim Eppendorf AG The Morning Star Stephen Knight Charles Patton James Vancik Fodor Family Trust Company Jonathan Knowles Rebecca Peace Shane Varner Ford Foundation New England Biolabs, Inc. William Koerner Ronald Pedalino Lydia Villa-Komaro˜ Forney Family Foundation New York Presbyterian Thomas F. Koetzle David Penniman Axel Villard Foundation for Polish Hospital Maria Kovacs Kerry Phillips Brian Wainscott Science Noyce Foundation Anton O. Kris Dennis Pilarczyk Chip Wallace The GE Foundation Oak Foundation Christophe Laudamiel Anthony Previte Robert Walsh Golden Family Foundation Open Design LLC Karen Laverty Marc Puig Zhirong Wei Goldhirsh Foundation Open Society Foundations Gerald Lebo˜ Stephen C. Ragatz Warren B. Weisberg Gordon and Betty Moore Pepsico Foundation Charles Lenzmeier Larry Rairden Ralph Wharton Family Foundation Pioneer Hi-Bred Alan I. Leshner James Rantschler Travis White Grainger Matching International, Inc. Andrea Levitt Barry Ratzkin Garnett Whitehurst Charitable Gi¹s Pitts Family Foundation Michael Lewis Lawrence Ray Dara Wilber Program Qualcomm Incorporated John Linderman Sergey Redko Clinton Williams Grandin Livestock Richard Lounsbery Handling Systems, Inc. Mark J. Logsdon John Reed Douglas Williams Foundation GSK Kirill Lokshin Matthew Rehrl Michael Williams Robert Wood Johnson Hamill Family Foundation Miguel Lorenzo Lisa Robey Marlan Willis Foundation Hearthstone Foundation Joann Macdonald Alexandra Roosevelt Christopher Wilson Rockefeller Family Fund, Hewlett-Packard Company Inc. Deborah Maclean Allen Root Isaac J Winograd Foundation The Rockefeller Peter Madams J. Rowe Mary Woolley Hitachi, Ltd Foundation Brian Malloy-Thorpe Eduardo Rubinstein James Zuiches Hoover Family Fund S. A. and R. W. Colgate Scott L. Manske Chris Rufer Arnold Zwicky IBM Trust Mark Markham William J. Saucier Viktor Zykov Indo-US Science & SAIC David Marlowe Robert Schneider Technology Forum Science-Metrix Nathalie Marron Richard M. Schoen Corporations Inkling Incorporated Seascan, Inc. Edward S. Matalka Allison Schultz and Foundations The Irving S. & Alwyn The Seattle Foundation Michael M. May Michael Scott 3M Company N. Johnson Family Sentry Dynamics, Inc.* Nina Mayr Ronald C. Searls Aaken Laboratories Foundation Sidney Stern Memorial R. F. McAllister Abdulalim Shabazz Alfred P. Sloan Foundation The Irwin and Joan Jacobs Trust Fund of the Jewish James J. McCarthy Douglas R. Shanklin Alvin H. Baum Family Fund Subaru of America, Inc. Community Foundation Patrick McCoy Robert Paul Siemann The Amgen Foundation Sunset Laboratory Inc. Jarrow Formulas, Inc. James Meinecke David J. Simons Animated Earth, LLC Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Jewish Communal Fund Gregory Meisner Bruce Simonson Annual Reviews Chao Foundation Jewish Community Steven Melander-Dayton Lane Singer Verizon Foundation The Baltimore Family Fund Foundation of San Vintage Production Ronald Melen Gurusingham Sitta Berkshire Taconic Diego Sittampalam California LLC Richard Melmon Community Foundation, Jewish Foundation of Richard A. Meserve Linda C. Smith Inc. Greensboro Kari Miller Pat Smith Bill & Melinda Gates The John D. and Douglas Mills Judson Somerville Foundation Catherine T. MacArthur E. J. Moniz H. Sox The Boeing Company Foundation Dean Moor David Staal Bone Clones, Inc.

48 †Deceased *Sustainer (monthly donor) Other Organizations Carnegie Institution for Montana State University South Carolina University of Kansas Science National Aeronautics and Commission on Higher Center for Research, Inc. Agency for Healthcare Cornell University Space Administration Education University of Kansas Research & Quality CRDF Global National Center for South Dakota State School of Medicine American Educational Science and Civic University University of Maine Research Association Defense Advanced Research Projects Engagement Stanford University University of Massachusetts American Geophysical Agency National Institutes of United States Institute of Dartmouth Union European Commission DG Health Peace University of Nebraska American Mathematical Research National Oceanic U.S. Agency for Society University of Nevada European Commission and Atmospheric International American Physical Society University of New FFG Austrian Research Administration Development Hampshire American Physiological Promotion Agency National Science U.S. Department of Society University of North Federal Bureau of Foundation Agriculture Carolina American Society of Plant Investigation Oak Ridge Associated U.S. Department of University of Oklahoma Biologists Universities Defense George Washington University of Pennsylvania American Statistical University Ohio University U.S. Department of Association University of Pittsburgh Howard Hughes Medical Pediatric Academic Education University of Rhode Island Ameriprise Financial PAC Institute Association, Inc. U.S. Department of Energy Match Program University of Southern Institute of Electrical and Purdue University U.S. Department of Health Association of American California Electronic Engineers Rhode Island Research & Human Services Geographers University of Utah - USA Alliance U.S. Department of State Atheists for Humanity University of Vermont Kean University Society for Advancement U.S. Environmental Brigham Young University King Abdulaziz City for of Chicanos and Native Protection Agency University of Washington Burroughs Wellcome Fund Science and Technology Americans in Science U.S. Geological Survey University of Wyoming California Endowment Lower Columbia Clinic (SACNAS) U.S. Institute of Peace Utah State University Health Journalism Maine Technology Society for Industrial and University of Delaware Vermont Genetics Network Fellowships Applied Mathematics Institute University of Kansas WestEd (SIAM) Canadian Science Policy Michigan State University Centre

Endowments The AAAS Kavli Science The Early-Career Award The John P. McGovern The Martin L. and Rose The William T. Golden Journalism Awards for Public Engagement Endowment Wachtel Memorial Fund Endowment Fund for Endowment Fund The Joshua E. Neimark The Revelle Fund Program Innovation The Charles Valentine The Fund for Honesty in Memorial Travel Riley Memorial Scienti–c Research Assistance Endowment Endowment

49 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 ($ in thousands) 2013 2012 ASSETS Cash 5,949 5,810 Accounts receivable, net 3,145 3,731 Grants and contributions receivable, net 9,130 6,849 Prepaid expenses and other 2,569 1,761 Investments 91,609 86,068 Property, plant and equipment 59,100 58,829 Total assets 171,502 163,048

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 10,109 11,628 Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue and other 24,424 23,638 Bonds payable, net 10,925 12,607 Total liabilities 45,458 47,873

Net assets: Unrestricted 98,435 94,328 Temporarily restricted 18,761 12,010 Permanently restricted 8,848 8,83 7 Total net assets 126,044 115,175 Total liabilities and net assets 171,502 163,048

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 ($ in thousands) 2013 2012 Revenues: Member dues 10,391 10,865 Publishing 48,070 47,562 Grants and other program support 29,506 29,262 Leasing, investments and other 9,677 9,054 97,644 96,743 Expenses: Publishing 42,280 42,660 Education, policy and other programs 37,630 36,941 General and administrative expenses 15,688 15,542 95,598 95,143 Operating income, before tax 2,046 1,600 Provision for income tax 100 197 Nonoperating revenue and expense 2,161 5,682 Change in unrestricted net assets 4,107 7,085 Change in restricted net assets 6,762 2,219 Change in net assets 10,869 9,304 Net assets, beginning of year 115,175 105,871 Net assets, end of year 126,044 115,175

50 AAAS BOARD OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND INFORMATION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2013-2014 AAAS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION INFORMATION

Chair Chief Executive O— cer and Executive Association Headquarters William H. Press Publisher American Association for the University of Texas at Austin Alan I. Leshner Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW President Chief Operating O— cer Washington, DC 20005 USA Phillip A. Sharp Phillip Blair Tel: 202-326-6400 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AAAS Annual Meeting President-Elect Center for Science, Policy, and Society Dates: 12–16 February 2015 Gerald R. Fink Programs Location: San Jose, CA Whitehead Institute/MIT www.aaas.org/meetings Edward Derrick, Chief Program Director Find an archive of past meetings. Treasurer Center for Science, Technology, and David Evans Shaw AAAS Centers Black Point Group Security Policy www.aaas.org/programs/centers Norman Neureiter, Director Supporting science and engineering capacity, Chief Executive O— cer careers, public engagement, science diplo- Alan I. Leshner Development macy, science policy, sustainability and more. Juli Staiano, Director OTHER MEMBERS Bonnie L. Bassler Education and Human Resources Princeton University Shirley M. Malcom, Director ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

May R. Berenbaum Executive O— ce A™ airs AAAS www.aaas.org University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Gretchen Seiler, Director Find breaking AAAS news and membership information. Claire M. Fraser Finance University of Maryland School of Medicine Colleen Struss, Chief Financial O” cer / Chief Legal O” cer Science Journals www.sciencemag.org/journals Elizabeth Lo¹ us Science, Science Translational Medicine and University of California, Irvine Human Resources Alison French, Chief Human Resources O” cer Science Signaling. Stephen L. Mayo Science Careers California Institute of Technology International O— ce Vaughan Turekian, Chief International O” cer www.sciencecareers.org Look for career advice, how-to information and Raymond Orbach and Director, AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy more. University of Texas at Austin Information Technology EurekAlert! Sue V. Rosser Michael Savelli, Chief Technology O” cer www.eurekalert.org San Francisco State University O— ce of Government Relations Read breaking research news in multiple languages. Inder M. Verma Joanne Carney, Director Salk Institute for Biological Studies O— ce of Public Programs MAKE A GIFT Ginger Pinholster, Director www.aaas.org/giving Be a catalyst for change—donate online. O— ce of Publishing and Member Services JOIN AAAS www.aaas.org/join Beth Rosner, Publisher and Director of OPMS Advance science, serve society, and read Project 2061 Science, too. Jo Ellen Roseman, Director This report is based on content written by Science Chief Digital Media O— cer various members of the AAAS O” ce of Public Rob Covey Programs sta˜ during 2013. Writing assistance was provided by Michaela Jarvis. The design Science Editorial was developed by AAAS Design Services. Marcia McNutt, Editor-in-Chief Monica Bradford, Executive Editor

Science News Tim Appenzeller, News Editor

51 WHAT DO YOU AND THOMAS EDISON HAVE IN COMMON?

AAAS. By investing in AAAS you join Thomas Edison and the many distinguished individuals whose vision led to the creation of AAAS and our world-renowned journal, Science, more than 150 years ago.

Like Edison, you can create a legacy that will last well into the future through planned giving to AAAS. By making AAAS a beneciary of your will, trust, retirement plan, or life insurance policy, you make a strong investment in our ability to advance science in the service of society for years to come.

To discuss your legacy planning, contact Juli Staiano, Director of Development, at (202) 326-6636, or [email protected], or visit www.aaas.org/1848 for more information.

18481848 societysociety “ I feel great knowing that I will leave behind a legacy that will be channeled through the AAAS. It also means a lot to me to be able to honor my late parents, too.” –PETER ECKEL Member, 1848 Society and AAAS Member since 1988 WHAT DO YOU AND THOMAS EDISON For your career in science, HAVE IN COMMON? there’s only one

Access the latest jobs and the most relevant AAAS. career information across the globe on ScienceCareers.org. All services are free. By investing in AAAS you join Thomas Edison and the many distinguished individuals • Search thousands of job listings whose vision led to the creation of AAAS and • Create job alerts based on your criteria our world-renowned journal, Science, more • Get career advice from experts on our than 150 years ago. career forum Like Edison, you can create a legacy that will • View webinars and booklets last well into the future through planned giving • Post your resume/CV in our to AAAS. By making AAAS a beneciary of your searchable database will, trust, retirement plan, or life insurance • Access helpful “how to” guides. policy, you make a strong investment in our ability to advance science in the service of society for years to come. Visit ScienceCareers.org today to advance your career. To discuss your legacy planning, contact Juli Staiano, Director of Development, at (202) 326-6636, or [email protected], or visit www.aaas.org/1848 for more information.

18481848 societysociety “ I feel great knowing that I will leave behind a legacy that will be channeled through the AAAS. It also means a lot to me to be able ScienceCareers.org to honor my late parents, too.” –PETER ECKEL Member, 1848 Society and AAAS Member since 1988

SciCar_ad_8.25x10.5.indd 1 4/15/13 2:33 PM INNOVATIONS, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING

The meeting theme reflects on the information transformation happening in science and technology brought about by recent advances in organizing, visualizing, and analyzing data.

Learn and Network

Thousands of scientists, engineers, educators, policymakers, and journalists from around the world will gather in Silicon Valley to network and discuss the impact of developments in science and technology. Will you join us?

Registration opens August 2014.

www.aaas.org/meetings