Takao Sasaki
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Author's Personal Copy
Author's personal copy Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35 (2011) 1042–1051 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev Review Human threat management systems: Self•protection and disease avoidance Steven L. Neuberg a,∗, Douglas T. Kenrick a, Mark Schaller b a Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287•1104, United States b Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: Humans likely evolved precautionary systems designed to minimize the threats to reproductive fitness Received 8 March 2010 posed by highly interdependent ultrasociality. A review of research on the self•protection and disease Received in revised form 18 August 2010 avoidance systems reveals that each system is functionally distinct and domain•specific: each is attuned Accepted 18 August 2010 to different cues; engages different emotions, inferences, and behavioral inclinations; and is rooted in somewhat different neurobiological substrates. These systems share important features, however. Each Keywords: system is functionally coherent, in that perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes work Self•protection in concert to reduce fitness costs of potential threats. Each system is biased in a risk•averse manner, Disease avoidance Threat management erring toward precautionary responses even when available cues only heuristically imply threat. And Precautionary psychology each system is functionally flexible, being highly sensitive to specific ecological and dispositional cues Evolutionary psychology that signal greater vulnerability to the relevant threat. These features characterize a general template Domain specificity useful for understanding not only the self•protection and disease avoidance systems, but also a broader Fear set of evolved, domain•specific precautionary systems. -
Contact Information
REBECCA NEEL Department of Psychology Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1104 602-965-3326 EMPLOYMENT Beginning August, 2013 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa EDUCATION Ph.D., Psychology (May, 2013). Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Thesis: “Expert in the language of fear”: Stigmatized targets’ perception of others’ emotion-specific prejudice M.A., Psychology (2010). Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Thesis: When does seeing through your eyes help me? Emotions functionally encourage and inhibit perspective taking B.A., English Literature (2002). Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Cum Laude AWARDS AND HONORS 2013 SPSP Graduate Student Travel Award 2012 SPSSI Grant-in-Aid for Dissertation Research 2012 The Robert B. Cialdini Dissertation Project Prize in Social Psychology, ASU 2012 The Darwyn and Marie Linder Fellowship in Experimental Social Psychology, ASU 2012 ASU Graduate and Professional Student Association Grant for Independent Research 2011 Summer Institute in Social Psychology, Princeton, NJ; SPSP program funded by NSF 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 ASU Graduate and Professional Student Association Grant for Conference Travel 2008 ASU Graduate and Professional Student Association Grant for Independent Research 2007 Departmental Research Excellence Award, ASU Psychology Department Neel CV RESEARCH Publications White, A.E., Kenrick, D.T., Neel, R., & Neuberg, S.L. (in press). From the bedroom to the budget deficit: Mate competition changes men’s attitudes toward economic redistribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Sadalla, E., Berlin, A., Neel, R., & Ledlow, S. (in press). Priorities in residential water use: A trade-off analysis. Environment and Behavior. Neel, R., Neufeld, S.L., & Neuberg, S.L. (2013). Would an obese person whistle Vivaldi? Targets of prejudice self-present to minimize appearance of specific threats. -
Ask a Biologist Vol 089 - Topic: Why Is Life the Way It Is? - (Guest Nick Lane)
Ask A Biologist Vol 089 - Topic: Why Is Life the Way It Is? - (Guest Nick Lane) Ask A Biologist Vol 089 (Guest Nick Lane) Why Is Life the Way It Is? Life on Earth is tied to carbon and water, but would this be the same for life forms that evolved on other worlds? This is just one of many questions that Biochemist and author Nick Lane talks about while visiting with Dr. Biology. Listen in as Nick explores not only life on our Earth, but also what it might be like on other planets. Nick also reads from his book, The Vital Question, and weighs in on the question of viruses - are they living or non-living? Transcript Dr. Biology: This is "Ask a Biologist," a program about the living world, and I'm Dr. Biology. For our topic today, we're going to tackle the simple question of life. I know it's not such a simple question. In fact, it often gathers more questions than answers when you start studying living things. Take, for example, the question my guest posed, as part of his recent lecture for the Beyond Center at ASU. The question was, "would life on other planets be anything like us?" Joining me today is biochemist and author, Nick Lane. He holds the position of Reader in Evolutionary Biochemistry in the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London. Nick also leads the Research Frontiers Origins of Life program, and is a founding member of the Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, also at University College London. -
Committees and Welcomes
Committees and Welcomes SPSP Execut ive and Com m it t ees Welcome to the Fourth Annual SPSP President Jim BlascovichMeeting! Past President Claude SteeleDear SPSP Colleagues, President Elect Hazel Markus It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the annual meetings Executive Officer Harry Reis of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. Co-Secretary Treasurers Leslie Zebrowitz Sharon Brehm This is our fourth annual meeting – a remarkably brief history Members-at-Large David Dunning for a convention that is now so firmly established. Our confer- David Funder ences in Nashville, San Antonio, and Savannah each drew crowds that were greatly in excess of expectations. In so doing, Judith Harakiewicz they rapidly established SPSP as the major national or interna- APA Council Representatives Monica Biernat tional scientific meeting for personality and social psycholo- June Tangney gists. Publication Committee John Dovidio Gifford Weary We now look forward to building on this string of success in Universal City/Los Angeles, site of our 2003 meeting. This Joanne Wood year, we once again have an exceptionally strong and diverse Convention Committee Dan Cervone chair set of scientific presentations. Our program is expanded even Lynne Cooper beyond last year’s offerings, thanks in part to funding from the Rick Hoyle Decade of Behavior initiative, which is supporting a plenary Training Committee Lisa Aspinwall address by the renowned biologist and author Jared Diamond. Kim Bartholomew We also have expanded on the lighter side of things; on Satur- Allen Omoto day night, we will end our meetings with a social event featur- PSPB Editor Fred Rhodewalt ing DJ’d music at 8 pm followed by a live performance by the PSPR Editor Eliot Smith LA rock band Lustra. -
Preferences Under Pressure
Eric Skoog Preferences Under Pressure Conflict, Threat Cues and Willingness to Compromise Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Zootissalen, EBC, Villavägen 9, Uppsala, Friday, 13 March 2020 at 10:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Thomas Zeitzoff (American University, School of Public Affairs). Abstract Skoog, E. 2020. Preferences Under Pressure. Conflict, Threat Cues and Willingness to Compromise. Report / Department of Peace and Conflict Research 121. 66 pp. Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research. ISBN 978-91-506-2805-0. Understanding how preferences are formed is a key question in the social sciences. The ability of agents to interact with each other is a prerequisite for well-functioning societies. Nevertheless, the process whereby the preferences of agents in conflict are formed have often been black boxed, and the literature on the effects of armed conflict on individuals reveals a great variation in terms of outcomes. Sometimes, individuals are willing to cooperate and interact even with former enemies, while sometimes, we see outright refusal to cooperate or interact at all. In this dissertation, I look at the role of threat in driving some of these divergent results. Armed conflict is rife with physical threats to life, limb and property, and there has been much research pointing to the impact of threat on preferences, attitudes and behavior. Research in the field of evolutionary psychology has revealed that threat is not a singular category, but a nuanced phenomenon, where different types of threat may lead to different responses. -
Darwinian Medicine Basic Theory with Practical Uses for Public Health 150 Years After the Origin
Darwinian Medicine Basic theory with Practical Uses for Public Health 150 Years after The Origin EvolutionEvolution justjust nownow beingbeing appliedapplied inin manymany areasareas ofof medicinemedicine AA historicalhistorical transitiontransition inin howhow wewe understandunderstand diseasedisease AA RecentRecent FloweringFlowering On the Aims and Methods of Ethology Niko Tinbergen, 1983 Recent and Upcoming Meetings Humboldt University, Berlin York Hull Medical School University of Copenhagen NESCENT meeting at Duke American Institute for Biological Sciences American Physiological Society University of Arizona Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin American Clinical Epidemiology Society National Academy Sackler Symposium Origins of Darwinian Medicine "The purport of the following pages is an endeavor to reduce the facts belonging to animal life into classes, orders, genre and species; and by comparing them with each other to unravel the theory of diseases". Darwin,Darwin, 17941794 ErasmusErasmus DarwinDarwin OpeningOpening paragraphparagraph ofof ZoonomiaZoonomia,, E Conchis Omnia (Everything From Shells! ) Erasmus Darwin 1731-1802 Origins of evolution in medicine ErasmusErasmus DarwinDarwin——PhysicianPhysician RobertRobert DarwinDarwin——PhysicianPhysician CharlesCharles DarwinDarwin——MedicalMedical schoolschool dropoutdropout BecauseBecause hehe hatedhated geology!geology! What is Darwinian Medicine? Darwinian (Evolutionary) Medicine TheThe enterpriseenterprise ofof usingusing thethe basicbasic sciencescience ofof evolutionaryevolutionary -
Nicolas (Nikos) Neva Lessios
Nicolas (Nikos) Neva Lessios Assumption College Department of Biological and Physical Sciences [email protected] https://www.assumption.edu/people-and-departments/directory/nicolas-lessios Education and Training Arizona State University- NSF Graduate Research Fellow, Tempe AZ 2010 – 2016 Biology PhD (2016). Coadvised by: Drs. Ronald Rutowski and Jonathan Cohen (U. Delaware College of Earth, Ocean, & Environment) Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA Summer 2013 Neural Systems and Behavior summer course Duke University, Durham NC 2005 - 2009 BS with distinction in Biology, Minor in Environmental Science Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort NC 2008 International School of Panama Graduated 2005 High School Diploma, International Baccalaureate program Teaching Experience BIO 280 Sensory Systems Fall 2019-Present Assumption College, Worcester, MA Novel course developed to complement a newly created Neuroscience major. Taught complementary lecture and laboratory experiences emphasizing experimentation using model organisms and featuring ADInstruments physiological hardware (16 students) BIO 160L Concepts in Biology Fall 2019-Present Assumption College, Worcester, MA Inquiry-based laboratory section emphasizing early exposure to experimentation, scientific writing and oral presentations (20 students) BIO 156 Introductory Biology for Health Professionals Spring 2018 University of Arizona: PERT Postdoctoral Fellow and Pima Community College partnership Lecture and integrated laboratory component for aspiring health professionals (30 students) Active Learning Strategies and Pedagogy Workshop Spring 2017 University of Arizona: Postdoctoral Fellow Practiced implementing active learning strategies that could be used in a variety of class sizes. Workshop took place in a small group setting and involved both strategies for presenting and assessing students’ knowledge of content. 1 BIO 361 Animal Physiology Laboratory Class Fall 2014 - Spring 2015, ASU Fall 2011 - Spring 2012 Taught one full laboratory and recitation section of upper level biology majors. -
States in Mind Anthony C. Lopez, Rose Mcdermott, and Michael
States in Mind States in Mind Anthony C. Lopez, Rose McDermott, and Evolution, Coalitional Psychology, and Michael Bang International Politics Petersen One of the most com- monly studied puzzles in international politics is the recurrence of coalitional competition and aggression between political groups such as states. Indeed, this pattern constitutes an enduring and central feature of all politics. Yet de- spite the tragic endurance of this leitmotif throughout history, its manifestation varies through time and space. Some wars are fought for honor or revenge, whereas others are ignited for mere opportunism or as a consequence of vari- ous misperceptions, whatever their source. We argue that evolutionary theory provides a theoretical framework that can explain both the stubborn endur- ance and dynamic diversity of coalitional behavior. Debate on the relevance of “human nature” and biological factors for explaining political behavior is not new.1 Yet the comprehensive value of evo- lutionary theory for explaining important aspects of international politics has not been adequately explicated. As we discuss below, this has in part been a consequence of general skepticism about the validity and scope of evolution- ary theory for explaining political behavior. We argue, however, that evolu- tionary psychology can generate falsiªable ex ante predictions that are of central interest to the study of international politics, and we offer several hy- potheses derived from this model to illustrate the depth of this approach. Evo- lutionary psychologists have already generated a large body of work that suggests that the human brain contains webs of psychological mechanisms, or adaptations, each designed to operate in domains relevant to modern politics, and which emerged as a product of natural selection. -
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Pers Soc Psychol Bull
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Pers Soc Psychol Bull. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 December 28. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 October ; 35(10): 1356±1367. doi:10.1177/0146167209339627. Following in the Wake of Anger: When Not Discriminating Is Discriminating Jenessa R. Shapiro, University of California, Los Angeles Joshua M. Ackerman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Steven L. Neuberg, Arizona State University Jon K. Maner, Florida State University D. Vaughn Becker, and Arizona State University Douglas T. Kenrick Arizona State University Abstract Does seeing a scowling face change your impression of the next person you see? Does this depend on the race of the two people? Across four studies, White participants evaluated neutrally expressive White males as less threatening when they followed angry (relative to neutral) White faces; Black males were not judged as less threatening following angry Black faces. This lack of threat-anchored contrast for Black male faces is not attributable to a general tendency for White targets to homogenize Black males—neutral Black targets following smiling Black faces were contrasted away from them and seen as less friendly—and emerged only for perceivers low in motivation to respond without prejudice (i.e., for those relatively comfortable responding prejudicially). This research provides novel evidence for the overperception of threat in Black males. Keywords prejudice; stereotypes; threat; race; internal motivation to respond without prejudice Imagine being invited to a social gathering consisting primarily of people you do not know. One of the guests becomes irate and begins acting in a threatening manner, so you move away and join a different group of people—a group that seems comparatively safe. -
How Genes Work
Help Me Understand Genetics How Genes Work Reprinted from MedlinePlus Genetics U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Department of Health & Human Services Table of Contents 1 What are proteins and what do they do? 1 2 How do genes direct the production of proteins? 5 3 Can genes be turned on and off in cells? 7 4 What is epigenetics? 8 5 How do cells divide? 10 6 How do genes control the growth and division of cells? 12 7 How do geneticists indicate the location of a gene? 16 Reprinted from MedlinePlus Genetics (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/) i How Genes Work 1 What are proteins and what do they do? Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of thebody’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determineseach protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function. Aminoacids are coded by combinations of three DNA building blocks (nucleotides), determined by the sequence of genes. Proteins can be described according to their large range of functions in the body, listed inalphabetical order: Antibody. Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body. Example: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Figure 1) Enzyme. -
(Unless They're Angry): from Out-Group Homogeneity to Out
1 They All Look the Same to Me (Unless They’re Angry): From Out-group Homogeneity to Out-group Heterogeneity Joshua M. Ackerman, Jenessa R. Shapiro, Steven L. Neuberg, Douglas T. Kenrick, D. Vaughn Becker, Vladas Griskevicius Arizona State University Jon K. Maner Florida State University Mark Schaller University of British Colombia 3/8/2006 Word Count: 2455 (text) + 40 (notes) = 2495 (total) In Press at Psychological Science Corresponding Author: Joshua Ackerman Department of Psychology Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-1104 Tel: (480) 965-3326 Fax: (480) 965-8544 E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: out-group homogeneity, anger, cross-race recognition, evolutionary psychology 2 Abstract People often find it more difficult to distinguish ethnic out-group members as compared to in- group members. A functional approach to social cognition suggests this bias may be eliminated when out-group members display threatening facial expressions. 192 White participants viewed Black and White faces displaying either neutral or angry expressions, and later attempted to identify previously-seen faces. Recognition accuracy for neutral faces replicated the out-group homogeneity bias; but this bias was entirely eliminated for angry Black faces. Indeed, when participants’ cognitive processing capacity was constrained, recognition accuracy for angry Black faces was actually greater than for angry White faces, constituting an out-group heterogeneity bias. 3 People readily confuse individuals from other races and ethnic groups with one another — the “they all look the same to me” phenomenon. This pattern may reflect a more general cognitive bias toward perceiving the membership of other groups as less variable than the membership of one’s own group — the out-group homogeneity bias (Anthony, Copper & Mullen, 1992; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992). -
Biology Resources for Schools
Biology Resources for Schools Resources for students Key Resource stage Additional Reading KS5 Worcester College Bookshelf Project The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Elizabeth Kolbert. KS5 From Cambridge University Reading List for Natural Sciences: Biology of cells: . How we live and why we die: the secret lives of cells by Lewis Wolpert (Faber and Faber Paperback . Essential Cell Biology by Alberts, et al (2014) 6th Edition Garland Evolution and behaviour: The Animal Kingdom: A very short introduction by Holland, P., OUP 2011 The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life by Dawkins, R & Yang,W. Weidenfield & Nicholson (2016 Endless Forms Most Beautiful by Carroll,S Quercus (2005) KS5 Popular Science books recommended by Biology Undergraduates: Why Evolution is True by Jerry A. Coyne Bad Science by Ben Goldacre- discusses statistics and the use of evidence in science and the media The Diversity of Life by E. O. Wilson Guns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond-discusses the effects of Geography and Biology on the success of global civilisations. Chapter 9 should be of particular interest to biologists. KS5 Staircase 12 - Reading suggestions and Resources from current undergraduates. 1 | P a g e Websites KS2-5 Oxplore - explore some of the big questions that are relevant to us all such as: Could we end disease? Can you choose to be healthy? Are humans more important than other animals? Is it OK to clone a human being? KS1-5 STEM - a range of separate biology and cross curricular science activities for students of all ages with a specific section on home and family learning.