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Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard
Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard (Exchangeable image file format for Digital Still Cameras: Exif) Version 2.1 June 12, 1998 Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA) This standard makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any intellectual property, such as patents, copyrights and trademarks, belonging to any corporation or individual. Nor does this standard make any warranty regarding system reliability or product liability. Windows™ is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and elsewhere. FlashPix™ is a registered trademark of Eastman Kodak Company. Revision History This "Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard" is issued as a standard for the image file format (Exif: Exchangeable image file format) used in digital still cameras and related systems. It was first published in October 1996 as Version 1.0i. Then in May 1997, Version 1.1ii was issued, adding specifications for optional attribute information as well as stipulations relating to format implementation, in addition to the mandatory specifications of Version 1.0. The desire for a uniform file format standard for the image data stored by digital still cameras has increased as these cameras have grown in popularity. At the same time, with the broadening application of this technology, a similar desire has arisen for uniformity of the attribute information that can be recorded in a file. The Version 2.0iii makes improvements to the Exif format for greater ease of use, while allowing for backward compatibility with products of manufacturers currently implementing Exif Version 1.x or considering its future implementation. -
Encapsulated Postscript File Format Specification
® Encapsulated PostScript File Format Specification ®® Adobe Developer Support Version 3.0 1 May 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated Adobe Developer Technologies 345 Park Avenue San Jose, CA 95110 http://partners.adobe.com/ PN LPS5002 Copyright 1985–1988, 1990, 1992 by Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Any software referred to herein is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. All instances of the name PostScript in the text are references to the PostScript language as defined by Adobe Systems Incorpo- rated unless otherwise stated. The name PostScript also is used as a product trademark for Adobe Sys- tems’ implementation of the PostScript language interpreter. Any references to a “PostScript printer,” a “PostScript file,” or a “PostScript driver” refer to printers, files, and driver programs (respectively) which are written in or support the PostScript language. The sentences in this book that use “PostScript language” as an adjective phrase are so constructed to rein- force that the name refers to the standard language definition as set forth by Adobe Systems Incorpo- rated. PostScript, the PostScript logo, Display PostScript, Adobe, the Adobe logo, Adobe Illustrator, Tran- Script, Carta, and Sonata are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated registered in the U.S.A. and other countries. Adobe Garamond and Lithos are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. -
Microsoft Powerpoint
Development of Multimedia WebApp on Tizen Platform 1. HTML Multimedia 2. Multimedia Playing with HTML5 Tags (1) HTML5 Video (2) HTML5 Audio (3) HTML Pulg-ins (4) HTML YouTube (5) Accessing Media Streams and Playing (6) Multimedia Contents Mgmt (7) Capturing Images 3. Multimedia Processing Web Device API Multimedia WepApp on Tizen - 1 - 1. HTML Multimedia • What is Multimedia ? − Multimedia comes in many different formats. It can be almost anything you can hear or see. − Examples : Pictures, music, sound, videos, records, films, animations, and more. − Web pages often contain multimedia elements of different types and formats. • Multimedia Formats − Multimedia elements (like sounds or videos) are stored in media files. − The most common way to discover the type of a file, is to look at the file extension. ⇔ When a browser sees the file extension .htm or .html, it will treat the file as an HTML file. ⇔ The .xml extension indicates an XML file, and the .css extension indicates a style sheet file. ⇔ Pictures are recognized by extensions like .gif, .png and .jpg. − Multimedia files also have their own formats and different extensions like: .swf, .wav, .mp3, .mp4, .mpg, .wmv, and .avi. Multimedia WepApp on Tizen - 2 - 2. Multimedia Playing with HTML5 Tags (1) HTML5 Video • Some of the popular video container formats include the following: Audio Video Interleave (.avi) Flash Video (.flv) MPEG 4 (.mp4) Matroska (.mkv) Ogg (.ogv) • Browser Support Multimedia WepApp on Tizen - 3 - • Common Video Format Format File Description .mpg MPEG. Developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group. The first popular video format on the MPEG .mpeg web. -
Encapsulated Postscript Application Guide for Mac And
Encapsulated PostScript Encapsulated PostScript Application Guide for the Macintosh and PCs Peter Vollenweider Manager User Services Universi1y of Zurich A ·Carl Hanser .Verlag :II Prentice Hall First published in German 1989 by Carl Hanser Verlag under the title EPS-Handbuch: Encapsulated PostScript First published in English 1990 by Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd 66 Wood Lane End, Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshire HP2 4RG A division of Simon & Schuster International Group ©Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich and Vienna 1989 ©Carl Hanser Verlag and Prentice Hall 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, witliout prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. For permission within the United States of America contact Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632. The Sonata clef design on the cover shows the mixing of randomly placed Sonata font types, smoothed curves and patterns; courtesy of John F. Sherman, ND Design Program, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Dotesios Printers Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vollenweider, Peter. (Encapsulated PostScript. English) Encapsulated PostScript : application guide for the Macintosh and PC's I Peter Vollenweider. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-13-275843-1 1. PostScript (Computer program language) I. Title. QA76.73.P67V65 1990 005 .265-dc20 90-35469 CIP British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Vollenweider, Peter Encapsulated PostScript : application guide for the Macintosh and PC's. 1. Microcomputer systems. Software packages I. -
Flash File Formats
Columbia University School of the Arts Interactive Design 1 Prof. Marc Johnson Fall 2000 Flash File Import Formats Flash can recognize a variety of file formats when importing graphics. Native Format: Shockwave Flash (SWF) This format preserves all gradient and layer information. (If you have gradients in your file and cannot use SWF format, remove the gradients and re-create them within Flash.) Can be exported from Freehand, and also from Illustrator using Macromedia’s FlashWriter plug-in. Bitmap formats: GIF Also known as “Compuserve GIF” (Graphic Interchange Format), this is one of the standard formats used on the Web. All browsers understand GIF format without using a plug-in. All major bitmap graphics editing programs can export in GIF format. In general, GIF is a lossless format, preserving all data and compressing only sequences of identical pixels. Animated GIF A special form of GIF file in which multiple frames are contained in a single file. This file animates through its frames as soon as it is displayed in a browser. Most bitmap graphics editing programs can export in animated GIF format – GIF Builder, ImageReady and Fireworks are the most user-friendly for this. JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group format. Developed to optimize the appearance of photographic or other continuous tone images with many colors. Far superior to GIF for such images. Offers a range of quality settings, with the highest quality making the largest files. Still, even medium-quality JPEGs are often significantly compressed in size without a dramatic loss in image quality. JPEG compression intelligently discards data, so it is considered a “lossy” format. -
Pro/INTERFACE Help Topic Collection
® Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire™ 2.0 Pro/INTERFACE™ Help Topic Collection Parametric Technology Corporation Copyright © 2004 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved. User and training documentation from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) is subject to the copyright laws of the United States and other countries and is provided under a license agreement that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC hereby grants to the licensed user the right to make copies in printed form of this documentation if provided on software media, but only for internal/personal use and in accordance with the license agreement under which the applicable software is licensed. Any copy made shall include the PTC copyright notice and any other proprietary notice provided by PTC. This documentation may not be disclosed, transferred, modified, or reduced to any form, including electronic media, or transmitted or made publicly available by any means without the prior written consent of PTC and no authorization is granted to make copies for such purposes. Information described herein is furnished for general information only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a warranty or commitment by PTC. PTC assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is provided under written license agreement, contains valuable trade secrets and proprietary information, and is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be copied or distributed in any form or medium, disclosed to third parties, or used in any manner not provided for in the software licenses agreement except with written prior approval from PTC. -
JPEG Image Compression.Pdf
JPEG image compression FAQ, part 1/2 2/18/05 5:03 PM Part1 - Part2 - MultiPage JPEG image compression FAQ, part 1/2 There are reader questions on this topic! Help others by sharing your knowledge Newsgroups: comp.graphics.misc, comp.infosystems.www.authoring.images From: [email protected] (Tom Lane) Subject: JPEG image compression FAQ, part 1/2 Message-ID: <[email protected]> Summary: General questions and answers about JPEG Keywords: JPEG, image compression, FAQ, JPG, JFIF Reply-To: [email protected] Date: Mon, 29 Mar 1999 02:24:27 GMT Sender: [email protected] Archive-name: jpeg-faq/part1 Posting-Frequency: every 14 days Last-modified: 28 March 1999 This article answers Frequently Asked Questions about JPEG image compression. This is part 1, covering general questions and answers about JPEG. Part 2 gives system-specific hints and program recommendations. As always, suggestions for improvement of this FAQ are welcome. New since version of 14 March 1999: * Expanded item 10 to discuss lossless rotation and cropping of JPEGs. This article includes the following sections: Basic questions: [1] What is JPEG? [2] Why use JPEG? [3] When should I use JPEG, and when should I stick with GIF? [4] How well does JPEG compress images? [5] What are good "quality" settings for JPEG? [6] Where can I get JPEG software? [7] How do I view JPEG images posted on Usenet? More advanced questions: [8] What is color quantization? [9] What are some rules of thumb for converting GIF images to JPEG? [10] Does loss accumulate with repeated compression/decompression? -
There Are 2 Types of Files in the Graphics World Bit Mapped (RASTER)
There are 2 Types of Files in the Graphics World Bit Mapped (RASTER) • There are two kinds of computer graphics: Bit Mapped (RASTER) and Object Oriented (VECTOR). Bit mapped graphics are graphics that are stored in the form of a bitmap. They are a sequence of bits that get drawn onto the screen. You create bit mapped graphics using a painting program. • When you enlarge a bit mapped image, you will get a pixelated look. If you are planning to print out an image that was originally 3 inches on 3 inches as 6 inches by 6 inches, you will get a very pixelated look. • Bit mapped graphics tend to create larger files than object oriented graphics. • As you can see from these two pictures, when a bitmapped image gets scaled up, the detail is lost, as opposed to an object oriented drawing where no pixelation occurs. Key Points of Raster Images pixels in a grid resolution dependent resizing reduces quality easily converted restricted to rectangle minimal support for transparency Object Oriented (VECTOR) Definition: Vector graphics are made up of many individual objects. Each of these objects can be defined by mathematical statements and has individual properties assigned to it such as color, fill, and outline. Vector graphics are resolution independent because they can be output to the highest quality at any scale. Software used to create vector graphics is sometimes referred to as object-based editing software. Common vector formats include AI (Adobe Illustrator), CDR (CorelDRAW), CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile), SWF (Shockwave Flash), and DXF (AutoCAD and other CAD software). -
CAD Data Exchange
CCAADD DDaattaa EExxcchhaannggee 2255..335533 LLeeccttuurree SSeerriieess PPrrooff.. GGaarryy WWaanngg Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Manitoba 1 BBaacckkggrroouunndd Fundamental incompatibilities among entity representations Complexity of CAD/CAM systems CAD interoperability issues and problems cost automotive companies a combined $1 billion per year (Brunnermeier & Martin, 1999). 2 BBaacckkggrroouunndd (cont’d) Intra-company CAD interoperability Concurrent engineering and lean manufacturing philosophies focus on the reduction of manufacturing costs through the outsourcing of components (National Research Council, 2000). 3 IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn ttoo bbee EExxcchhaannggeedd Shape data: both geometric and topological information Non-shape data: graphics data Design data: mass property and finite element mesh data Manufacturing data: NC tool paths, tolerancing, process planning, tool design, and bill of materials (BOM). 4 IInntteerrooppeerraabbiilliittyy MMeetthhooddss Standardized CAD package Standardized Modeling Kernel Point-to-Point Translation: e.g. a Pro/ENGINEER model to a CATIA model. Neutral CAD Format: e.g. IGES (Shape-Based Format ) and STEP (Product Data-Based Format) Object-Linking Technology: Use Windows Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology to share model data 5 IInntteerrooppeerraabbiilliittyy MMeetthhooddss (Ibrahim Zeid, 1990) 6 CCAADD MMooddeelliinngg KKeerrnneellss Company/Application ACIS Parasolid Proprietary Autodesk/AutoCAD X CADKey Corp/CADKEY X Dassault Systems/CATIA v5 X IMS/TurboCAD X Parametric Technology Corp. / X Pro/ENGINEER SDRC / I-DEAS X SolidWorks Corp. / SolidWorks X Think3 / Thinkdesign X UGS / Unigraphics X Unigraphics / Solid Edge X Visionary Design System / IronCAD X X (Dr. David Kelly 2003) 7 CCAADD MMooddeelliinngg KKeerrnneellss (cond’t) Parent Subsidiary Modeling Product Company Kernel Parametric Granite v2 (B- Pro/ENGINEER Technology rep based) Corporation (PTC) (www.ptc.com) Dassault Proprietary CATIA v5 Systems SolidWorks Corp. -
5Lesson 5: Multimedia on the Web
5Lesson 5: Multimedia on the Web Objectives By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1.5.7: Download and store files using a Web browser. 1.5.10: Install and upgrade common plug-ins, add-ons and viewers (e.g., Adobe Reader, Adobe Flash Player, Microsoft Silverlight, Windows Media Player, Apple QuickTime) and identify their common file name extensions. 1.5.11: Use document and multimedia file formats, including PDF, PNG, RTF, PostScript (PS), AVI, MPEG, MP3, MP4, Ogg. Convert between file formats when appropriate. 5-2 Internet Business Associate Pre-Assessment Questions 1. Briefly describe C++. 2. Which statement about vector graphics is true? a. Vector graphics are saved as sequences of vector statements. b. Vector graphics have much larger file sizes than raster graphics. c. Vector graphics are pixel-based. d. GIFs and JPGs are vector graphics. 3. Name at least two examples of browser plug-ins. © 2014 Certification Partners, LLC. — All Rights Reserved. Version 2.1 Lesson 5: Multimedia on the Web 5-3 Introduction to Multimedia on the Web NOTE: Multimedia on the Web has expanded rapidly as broadband connections have allowed Multimedia use on users to connect at faster speeds. Almost all Web sites, including corporate sites, feature the Web has been hindered by multimedia content and interactive objects. For instance, employee orientation sessions, bandwidth audio and video memos, and training materials are often placed on the Internet or limitations. Until all Internet users have corporate intranets. high-speed connections Nearly all network-connected devices, such as PCs, tablets, smartphones and smart TVs, (broadband or can view online interactive multimedia. -
JPEG for Digital Panel on the TMS320C5000
Application Report SPRA664 - May 2000 JPEG for Digital Panel Lim Hong Swee Digital Signal Processing Solutions ABSTRACT JPEG, an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group, is an ISO/CCITT-backed international standards group that defined an image-compression specification (also referred to as JPEG) for still images. The following are mandatory in JPEG specification: algorithms must operate at or near the state of the art in image-compression rates; algorithms must allow for software only implementations on a wide variety of computer systems; compression ratios need to be user variable; compressed images must be good to excellent in quality; compression must be generally applicable to all sorts of continuous-tone (photographic type) images and interoperability must exist between implementations from different vendors. JPEG is intended to be used in different applications, so few absolute requirements are written into the specification to cater to different implementation. In terms of interoperability, the JPEG specification was so vague that a group of vendors established the JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF), a defacto file format for encapsulating JPEG compressed images so that files can be shared between applications from different manufacturers. It is also important to distinguish between JPEG’s image-processing algorithms, which comprise JPEG image compression, and the file format in which JPEG images are typically stored. In this application note, I will focus on JPEG algorithms, including discrete cosine transforms, quantization, and entropy encoding. I will also discuss how the JPEG header parser is implemented. Contents 1 Introduction . 2 2 JPEG Standard . 2 3 Header Parser . 4 3.1 High-Level Syntax . -
Procedures for the Nist Iges Validation Test Service
Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES): J Procedures for the NIST IGES ^ Validation Test Service Jacki A. Schneider Lynne S. Rosenthal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Graphics Software Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 NIST i i Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (iGES): Procedures for the NiST iGES Validation Test Service Jacki A. Schneider Lynne S. Rosenthal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Graphics Software Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 December 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director tf i I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 The IGES standard 1 1.3 Scope of validation 2 1.4 Definitions 4 2 General procedures 7 2.1 Validation by testing 7 2.1.1 Overview 7 2.1.2 Validation Test Software 7 2.1.3 Renewal of a Certificate of Validation 8 2.1.4 Validation Summary Report (VSR) 8 2.2 Registration 8 2.2.1 Overview 8 2.2.2 Eligibility for registration 9 2.3 Miscellaneous 10 2.3.1 Pricing 10 2.3.2 Cancellation 10 2.3.3 Disputed and withdrawn tests 10 2.3.4 Validated Products List (VPL) 10 2.3.5 Documentation 11 2.3.6 Publication 11 3 Preprocessor testing program 13 3.1 Objective 13 3.2 Testing steps 13 3.3 Pricing 17 3.4 Registration of environments 18 4 Postprocessor testing program 19 4.1 Objective 19 4.2 Testing steps 19 4.3 Pricing 22 4.4 Registration of environments 22 APPENDIX A 25 iii IV ABSTRACT In 1989, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) adopted the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) Version 4.0 as a national standard (ASME/ANSI Y14.26M - 1989, Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data).