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Incidencia De Las Invasiones Piscícolas Y Sus Impactos a Nivel Ecológico Y Sanitario Sobre Los Recursos Autóctonos En Ríos De La Región Asturiana

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Incidencia De Las Invasiones Piscícolas Y Sus Impactos a Nivel Ecológico Y Sanitario Sobre Los Recursos Autóctonos En Ríos De La Región Asturiana Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y Bioalimentaria Incidencia de las invasiones piscícolas y sus impactos a nivel ecológico y sanitario sobre los recursos autóctonos en ríos de la región asturiana Incidence of fish invasions and their impacts to ecological and health standards on indigenous resources in rivers of Asturias Tesis Doctoral Laura Clusa Cuesta Directores: Eva García Vázquez y Eduardo Dopico Rodríguez Oviedo 2018 © Laura Clusa Cuesta, 2018 Diseño de portada Laura Clusa Fotografía de portada Laura Clusa Maquetación Laura Clusa Separador secciones Obtenido de World Fish Migration Day (WFMD) (https://www.worldfishmigrationday.com/) y modificado por Laura Clusa Edición Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Oviedo La Tesis Doctoral ha sido financiada con un contrato predoctoral Severo Ochoa (Ref. BP- 14-145) por el gobierno del Principado de Asturias a través del Plan de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación del Principado de Asturias (PCTI) y de la Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología (FICYT). Y con una ayuda fin de tesis del Programa de Apoyo y Promoción de la Investigación 2017 del Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad de Oviedo. También se ha podido realizar gracias a los proyectos de investigación: "Herramientas multidisciplinares para la alerta y control de bioinvasiones marinas: marcadores genéticos, ADN ambiental, TIC y ciencia ciudadana" (MINECO CGL2013-42415-R4) del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, el proyecto "Adaptive Management of Barriers in European Rivers" (EU RIA 689682 –AMBER), de la Comisión Europea, y el proyecto "Recursos naturales marinos del Antropoceno" (GRUPIN 2014-093) del Principado de Asturias. RESUMEN (en Inglés) Rivers are one of the most important water resources on the planet. Fluvial fish species represent an important economic and ecological resource, such as the Atlantic salmon and the Brown trout. Many of their populations are threatened or in decline due to the degradation of their ecosystems and the introduction of exotic species. In Spain there are a total of 45 freshwater exotic species, more than 60% are fish species, and 15% are non-arthropod invertebrates, mainly molluscs. In Spanish watersheds, most of the exotic species come from America or Asia but also some allochthonous introductions come from translocations between basins of different latitudes within the Iberian Peninsula. The early detection of these invasive species is an urgent need in order to develop measures to mitigate their impact. Sometimes this early detection is not easy, for this reason, alternatives methods have been developed, among which are techniques based on environmental DNA, and citizen involvement as a warning method. The main objectives of this PhD Thesis consisted in developing specific markers for detecting invasive freshwater fish and mollusc species in Spain, their validation in water samples, assessing their performance in Europe, and evaluate the human factor in the introduction of exotic species, including knowledge of local population about them. The results are reflected in seven scientific articles. For the design of specific markers, characteristic regions for each species were searched for in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16SrDNA genes and specific markers were designed for thirteen invasive species in Europe: the catfish Ameirus sp (both for A. melas and A. nebulosus), the mosquito fish Gambusia sp (G. holbrooki and G. affinis), the black bass Micropterus salmoides, the pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, the stone moroko Pseudorasbora parva, the New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, the Asian clam Corbicula sp (C. fluminea and C. fluminalis), the red-rimmed melania Melanoides tuberculata, the Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana and the Conrad's false mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata. The markers were validated in environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples obtained in several basins of the Iberian Peninsula: Ebro, Guadalquivir, Tajo and North. The same markers were successfully applied in the region of Lake Constance in Germany recording its effectiveness in other latitudes. Using next generation sequencing techniques (NGS) based on universal primers to amplify a region of the COI gene; it was possible to detect other invasive aquatic species. Comparing both methods, specific markers were more sensitive than NGS, highlighting their usefulness in the early detection of invasive species. Finally, a specific marker for salmonids was designed in the 16SrDNA gene, based on nested PCR and subsequent digestion of the fragment amplified with restriction enzymes. The marker was used to evaluate the salmonids present in the Nalón River. The role of river barriers has been evaluated, using the Nalón River as a case study. Barriers negatively affected native species but also stopped the expansion upstream of exotic species. The ports, the areas between reservoirs and the areas of the rivers near big cities have been identified as the main hotspots of exotic species introduction that should be a priority objective of environmental monitoring and surveillance according to the results of this Thesis. In the same way, Citizen science helped with the detection of exotic species in this work. The results of local citizens' surveys showed a limited knowledge of exotic species in Asturias. However, a positive attitude towards the eradication of these species and a high awareness to preserve the autochthonous species was detected. Moreover the health, ecological and economic risks derived from the exotic species found in Asturias were described. FORMULARIO RESUMEN DE TESIS POR COMPENDIO 1.- Datos personales solicitante Apellidos: Nombre: Clusa Cuesta Laura Curso de inicio de los estudios de doctorado 2014/2015 SI NO Acompaña acreditación por el Director de la Tesis de la aportación significativa del doctorando X Acompaña memoria que incluye Introducción justificativa de la unidad temática y objetivos X Copia completa de los trabajos * X Resultados/discusión y conclusiones X Informe con el factor de impacto de la publicaciones X * Ha de constar el nombre y adscripción del autor y de todos los coautores asi como la Se acompaña aceptación de todos y cada uno de los coautores a referencia completa de la revista o editorial en presentar el trabajo como tesis por compendio X la que los trabajos hayan sido publicados o aceptados en cuyo caso se aportará justificante Se acompaña renuncia de todos y cada uno de los coautores a de la aceptación por parte de la revista o 033 presentar el trabajo como parte de otra tesis de compendio X editorial - VOA - MAT - FOR Artículos, Capítulos, Trabajos Trabajo, Artículo 1 An easy phylogenetically informative method to trace the globally invasive Potamopyrgus Titulo (o título abreviado) mud snail from river's eDNA Fecha de publicación 5 de Octubre de 2016 Fecha de aceptación 30 de Agosto de 2016 Inclusión en Science Citation Index o bases relacionadas por la CNEAI Si, revista PLoS ONE incluida en (indíquese) Science Citation Index Factor de impacto 2,806 Coautor 2 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Alba Ardura Coautor3 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Fiona Gower Coautor4 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Laura Miralles Coautor5 □ Doctor X No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Valentina Tsartsianidou Coautor6 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Anastasija Zaiko Coautor7 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Eva García Vázquez 1 Trabajo, Artículo 2 An extremely sensitive nested PCR-RFLP mitochondrial marker for detection and identification of salmonids in eDNA from Titulo (o título abreviado) water samples Fecha de publicación 28 de Febrero 2017 Fecha de aceptación 30 de Enero de 2017 Inclusión en Science Citation Index o bases relacionadas por la CNEAI Si, revista PeerJ incluida en Science (indíquese) Citation Index Factor de impacto 2,117 Coautor 2 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Alba Ardura Coautor3 □ Doctor X No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Sara Fernández Coautor4 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dr. Agustín Roca Coautor5 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Eva García Vázquez Coautor6 □ Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Coautor7 □ Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Trabajo, Artículo 3 eDNA for detection of five highly invasive molluscs. A case study in urban Titulo (o título abreviado) rivers from the Iberian Peninsula Fecha de publicación 15 de Noviembre de 2017 Fecha de aceptación 1 de Noviembre de 2017 Inclusión en Science Citation Index o bases relacionadas por la CNEAI Si, revista PLoS ONE incluida en Science (indíquese) Citation Index Factor de impacto 2,806 Coautor 2 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Laura Miralles Coautor3 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Ana Basanta Coautor4 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dr. Carmelo Escot Coautor5 X Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Dra. Eva García Vázquez Coautor6 □ Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Coautor7 □ Doctor □ No doctor . Indique nombre y apellidos Trabajo, Artículo 4 Public knowledge of alien species: a case study on aquatic biodiversity in North Titulo (o título abreviado) Iberian rivers Fecha de publicación 13 de Febrero de 2018
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