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Crustacés De La Réunion Décapodes Et Stomatopodes Crustacés de la Réunion Décapodes et stomatopodes Crustacés de la Réunion Décapodes et stomatopodes Joseph Poupin Étude réalisée à l’Institut de recherche de l’École navale (Irenav) Ouvrage publié avec le soutien de la Réserve nationale marine de la Réunion IRD Éditions Institut de recherche pour le développement Marseille, 2009 Photo de couverture Vie océane/F. Trentin – L'anomoure, Allogathea elegans, dans les rameaux d'une comatule. Sauf mention particulière, les photos sont de Joseph Poupin. Préparation éditoriale et coordination Catherine Plasse Mise en page Bill Production Correction Marie-Odile Charvet Richter Maquette de couverture Michelle Saint-Léger Maquette intérieure Gris Souris La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n’autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l’article L. 122-5, d’une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l’usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d’exemple ou d’illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l’article L. 122-4). Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée. © IRD, 2009 ISBN : 978-2-7099-1676-9 Crustacés de la Réunion 5 Remerciements Ce travail d’inventaire a été possible à plusieurs sorties nocturnes dans le Patrick Durville et T. Mulochau, de grâce à un financement du conseil régio- lagon. Alain Barrère, de cette même asso- l’aquarium de Saint-Gilles, ont transmis nal de la Réunion pour une mission de ciation, a participé à une sortie de nuit à quelques photographies et permis l’ob- trois semaines réalisée dans les locaux du l’Étang-Salé-les-Bains, avec la récolte de servation des langoustes locales dans les parc marin de Saint-Leu, en mars-avril plusieurs petites espèces, et Lucie Maillot, bacs de l’aquarium. 2008. Sur place, l’assistance des institu- également de Vie océane, nous a donné Alain Diringer, Laurent Bêche et Eric tions et des personnes mentionnées ci- quelques photos de crevettes Alpheidae. Lancelot, plongeurs photographes sous- dessous a été décisive pour tirer le Jean-Pascal Quod, directeur de l’Agence marins chevronnés, nous ont aimable- meilleur parti de ce court séjour scienti- pour la recherche et la valorisation mari- ment fourni leurs photographies de fique. À tous, nous adressons nos sincè- nes (Arvam), a transmis quelques photo- crustacés marins. res remerciements. graphies pour illustrer les biotopes et une Plusieurs systématiciens confirmés ont Le directeur du parc marin, Emmanuel compilation de l’inventaire disponible collaboré pour la détermination de Tessier, assisté par Adeline Pouget, a avant cette mission. Ce fichier a été très certaines espèces à partir des photo- dirigé de façon efficace toute la logistique utile pour construire rapidement la base graphies, par ordre alphabétique : de cette mission et a organisé le planning de données qui a servi de support à cet S. T. Ahyong, A. Anker, A. J. Bruce, des sorties et les rencontres avec plusieurs inventaire. P. Castro, T. Y. Chan, P. C. Dworschak, plongeurs photographes sous-marins. Henrich Bruggemann, directeur du labo- C. H. Fransen, R. Lemaitre, E. Macpherson, Chacun à leur niveau, tous les membres ratoire Ecomar de l’université de la I. Marin, P. K. Ng. du parc marin présents au moment de Réunion, a mis à disposition une partie l’étude ont contribué à l’obtention de des crustacés récoltés pendant son pro- résultats scientifiques satisfaisants : Chris- gramme de recherche ANR Biotas au tine Sinama, Bruce Cauvin, Yanick Clain, cours d’un après-midi de déterminations Willy Domitin, Jérôme Clotagatide, dans son laboratoire, et il nous a autorisé Sully Blancard et Guillaume Nedelec. à utiliser les photographies de crustacés prises au cours de ce programme. Ces Sonia Ribes, directrice du Muséum photographies ont été mises à notre d’histoire naturelle de la Réunion, a par- disposition sur serveur FTP par un des ticipé à quelques sorties de nuit et nous a participants à Biotas, Gustav Paulay de fourni plusieurs photographies et échan- l’université de Floride. Patrick Frouin, tillons de crustacés marins. du laboratoire Ecomar, a été l’un des Florence Trentin, de l’association Vie initiateurs de cette mission à la Réunion océane, a transmis de nombreuses photo- et a également transmis quelques-unes de graphies de crustacés marins et a participé ses photographies. Crustacés de la Réunion 7 Sommaire Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Les stomatopodes ............................................................................................................................................... 68 Les crabes ................................................................................................................................................................ 69 Glossaire ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Les fonds intermédiaires, les grands fonds et les zones bathypélagiques ........ 87 Biodiversité et zoogéographie ................................................................................................ 13 Les associations remarquables .............................................................................................................. 93 Nouvelles observations à la Réunion .............................................................................................. 15 Association avec les coraux ....................................................................................................................... 93 Mission d’étude de mars-avril 2008 .................................................................................................... 15 Association avec les échinodermes ................................................................................................... 100 Pêche en profondeur ........................................................................................................................................ 16 Association avec les anémones ............................................................................................................ 103 Recherche bibliographique ...................................................................................................................... 18 Association avec les éponges ................................................................................................................ 105 Principaux épisodes de récolte à la Réunion ............................................................................ 19 Association avec les poissons ................................................................................................................ 106 ........................................................................................................... Biodiversité ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Association avec les mollusques 106 Zoogéographie .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Bilan et perspectives ................................................................................................................................... 107 Revue écologique illustrée ........................................................................................................... 27 Bibliographie ..................................................................................................................................................... 111 La bande côtière terrestre .......................................................................................................................... 32 Annexes L’eau douce, le milieu saumâtre, les estuaires .......................................................................... 34 Annexe 1 – Liste des stations .................................................................................................................. 116 Les plages et les fonds meubles ........................................................................................................... 38 Annexe 2 – Liste documentée des espèces reconnues à la Réunion ........................ 117 Le littoral rocheux ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Addendum ........................................................................................................................................................... 133 La zone infralittorale et les petits fonds durs ............................................................................. 49 Les crevettes ............................................................................................................................................................ 50 Index des espèces illustrées .................................................................................................................. 135
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