DOCSLIB.ORG

Sugar Addiction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sugar Addiction SUGAR ADDICTION BREAKING THE CYCLE DESIGNED AND PRODUCED BY: 3C Creative Agency, 3c.com.au WRITTEN BY: Constance Zhang, Platinum ILLUSTRATED BY: Andreas Samuelsson, Agent Molly & Co © 2015 Platinum Capital Limited WE ALL HAVE AN ADDICTION TO SWEET-TASTING DOPAMINE-PRODUCING SUGARY TREATS. BUT THE TREND OF INCREASING SUGAR CONSUMPTION IS RENDERED UNSUSTAINABLE BY THE ALARMING RISING RATES OF “DIABESITY”. IN THIS REPORT, WE’LL EXPLORE THE BITTERSWEET MIX OF OPPORTUNITIES. II Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 PREFACE At the first International Conference on Among the chief culprits for the so-called Nutrition held in 1992, world leaders global obesity epidemic and the sharp collectively pledged “to act in solidarity to increase in the prevalence of diabetes, ensure that freedom from hunger becomes sugar was at last recognised for what it a reality”. was, though it had been a suspect since the 1960s. At the second International Conference on Nutrition 22 years later, the It is a truth almost universally commitment changed noticeably – “to acknowledged that sugar-sweetened eradicate hunger and prevent all forms beverages are the easiest means of adding of malnutrition worldwide, particularly empty calories and gaining weight. But undernourishment, stunting, wasting, one does not need to be sipping Coca-Cola underweight and overweight in children or chewing on a favourite marzipan bar to … as well as reverse the rising trends in fall prey to sugar. From fibre-rich cereal overweight and obesity and reduce the to fat-free yogurt, from old-fashioned burden of diet-related non-communicable ketchup to exotic teriyaki sauce, one diseases in all age groups”. finds added sugar in 80% of the foods in our supermarkets, including many As progress is made on the reduction of the perceived “healthy” varieties. of poverty and incomes in developing countries rise steadily, malnutrition as But change will occur, even if slowly. a result of excessive consumption of fat, Nationwide education campaigns about salt and sugar has now become a global the health dangers of excessive sugar issue no less challenging than the threat consumption, more transparent food of famine. labelling requirements, and a cautious but visibly increased use of various forms TODAY, AN ESTIMATED ONE-THIRD OF of sugar taxes are beginning to alter THE WORLD’S POPULATION, SOME consumers’ psychology and affect 2.1 BILLION PEOPLE, ARE EITHER their behaviour. OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE, WHILE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE SUFFERING So, one of the curious minds at Platinum, CHRONICALLY FROM HUNGER IS Constance Zhang, decided to explore AN ESTIMATED 805 MILLION. some of the opportunities presented by these new trends and put together a sugar- coated note entitled “Who Wants to Play Candy Crush”. Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 III The interesting thing we have observed is that while there is an increased offering of “sugar-free” and “low calorie” foods and drinks, they are not “non-sweet-tasting”. PEOPLE ARE NOT ABANDONING THEIR SWEET TOOTH (IF IT WERE ONLY SO EASY TO GIVE UP AN ADDICTION!), BUT ARE INSTEAD LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVES THAT HAVE A REDUCED IMPACT ON THEIR LIVERS AND WAISTLINES. There is ample room for product innovation and natural sugar substitutes like stevia appear to be fast overtaking the synthetic incumbents. I believe Constance has pulled together a fascinating study of an investment theme. It will give you a sense of how a theme can sprout various leads that one can follow to develop investment ideas. Note how multi-faceted this single idea becomes as one teases out whole groups of companies that are affected by the prevalence of this natural craving by consumers. I hope this provides you with some interesting ideas for your portfolio or at least has value in relation to one’s behaviour – investing and lifestyle! KERR NEILSON Managing Director August 2015 IV Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 WHO WANTS TO PLAY TOTAL SUGAR INTAKE VS. OBESITY PREVALENCE (1700 TO 2000) CANDY 80 60 50 OBESITY PREVALENCE 60 40 (kg/individual) CRUSH? 40 30 % THERE ARE FEW FOOD ADDITIVES AS 20 UNIVERSALLY ADDICTIVE AS SUGAR. 20 10 THE EXPANSIVE CANE PLANTATIONS CONSUMPTION SUGAR IN BRAZIL AND ON THE CARIBBEAN 0 0 ISLANDS ARE NO LONGER TOILED BY 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 SLAVES IN SHACKLES, BUT YOU AND YEAR I AND JUST ABOUT EVERY OTHER Source: Johnson et al, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007; CONSUMER IN THE WORLD APPEAR TO Bank of America Merrill Lynch HAVE BECOME ENSLAVED BY SUGAR. Leaders in the confectionery and The average Englishman in 1700 beverages space such as Mondelˉez consumed just 1.4 kg of the precious International (formerly Kraft Foods), spice. By 1800 it had risen to 10 kg1 and Hershey and Coca-Cola have amassed by 1900 annual consumption of sugar fortunes from a variety of sweet-tasting was as much as 45 kg per head.2 dopamine-producing treats. On a world-wide basis, sugar consumption However, with growing public awareness averaged 5 kg per person per year at the of the health dangers that come with beginning of the 20th century. excessive sugar consumption, in particular, the steep rise in obesity and Today, 24 kg of sugar (including high diabetes prevalence, will this trend last, intensity sweeteners) are consumed and at what socio-economic cost? per person per year,3 with average consumption in some developed countries WILL CONSUMERS EVENTUALLY exceeding 60 kg!4 EMBRACE A REDUCED-SUGAR DIET AS THEY HAVE GRADUALLY COME Our growing sweet tooth has given TO SHUN CIGARETTE SMOKING? birth to many corporate giants in the If so, how will industry adapt to past two centuries. consumers’ shifting relationship with sugar and other sweeteners, and what opportunities does it present? Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 V VI Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 WHERE DOES become commercialised until the British blockaded sugar imports to continental Europe from the Caribbean during the SUGAR Napoleonic wars. Industrial processes to extract sugar from COME FROM? beets were developed and by 1880 beet had replaced cane as the main source of Sugars are types of carbohydrates. sugar on the European Continent. They include monosaccharides which The strategic importance of this temperate are the simplest sugar compounds crop was well appreciated by the French, (glucose, fructose and galactose) and Germans and Russians alike and disaccharides which are formed when protectionist policies for the beet industry two monosaccharides are joined together have continued in Europe ever since. (sucrose, lactose and maltose). Sucrose or table sugar, for example, is essentially The EU today produces around 50% of half glucose and half fructose. the world’s beet sugar8 while Russia and US each produces around 1/8.9 Beet sugar Sugar molecules are present in many accounts for around 78% of the total sugar plants, with canes and beet roots being and isoglucosei market in Europe, with the two great sources of sucrose. cane sugar accounting for around 17%, OF THE 180 MILLION TONNES OF almost the reverse of the cane/beet SUGAR PRODUCED WORLDWIDE A YEAR, AROUND 80% COMES FROM – 80/20% split on a world total basis. CANES WHILE BEET SUGAR ACCOUNTS The status quo may soon be shifting for 5 FOR THE REMAINING 20%. European cane refineries (e.g. Tate & Canes thrive in tropical and sub- Lyle) as EU beet producers (e.g. Tereos, tropical climates and sugar was the Südzucker, Nordzucker) start to enjoy first commodity, other than precious loosened beet quotas and pricing policies metals, shipped to Europe in commercial from 2017.10 quantities from the colonies in Central In the US, beets account for around 55% and South Americas.6 of the total sugar produced while canes Today, Brazil produces more than 20% account for 45%. of the world’s sugar, with India being HOWEVER, IF HIGH the second largest producer at 15%.7 FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP (HFCS) IS The first challenge to sugar canes’ BEET ADDED TO THE dominance came from beet roots. HFCS EQUATION, THE BEET/ The extraction of sucrose from beet CANE CANE/HFCS SPLIT roots was discovered by German chemist WOULD BE AROUND Andreas Marggraf in 1747, but it did not 28/22/50%. i: “Isoglucose”, also known as glucose-fructose syrup, accounts for the remaining 5%. The most common type of isoglucose is high fructose corn syrup or “HFCS”. Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 VII VIII Platinum Capital Limited Annual Report 2015 WORLD VS. US SUGAR PRICES (1960 – 2011) 60 US raw sugar price, duty free 50 paid, New York, monthly 40 World raw sugar price, monthly 30 20 CENTS PER POUND 10 0 JUL-76 JUL-70 JUL-79 JUL-97 JUL-91 JUL-73 JUL-61 JUL-94 JUL-85 JUL-67 JUL-82 JUL-03 JUL-88 JUL-09 JUL-64 JUL-06 JUL-00 JAN-11 JAN-75 JAN-78 JAN-72 JAN-93 JAN-81 JAN-87 JAN-99 JAN-96 JAN-90 JAN-05 JAN-63 JAN-69 JAN-02 JAN-84 JAN-66 JAN-60 JAN-08 Source: USDA; SugarCane.org. Like many other countries, the US has with corn starch, ethanol, etc.) derived long used quotas and tariffs on the from the wet milling of corn. Corn starch production, importation and marketing is first converted to a syrup that is nearly of sugar to support domestic prices. all dextrose. Enzymes are then used to Its policies also included extending isomerise the dextrose to produce a syrup favourable loans to sugar growers with 42% fructose and 53% glucose and processors. (HFCS-42). AS A RESULT, US SUGAR PRICES Further processing produces a 55% HAVE TYPICALLY BEEN WELL ABOVE fructose syrup (HFCS-55) which has WORLD PRICES.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Foodservice Toolkit Potatoes Idaho® Idaho® Potatoes
    IDAHO POTATO COMMISSION Foodservice Table of Contents Dr. Potato 2 Introduction to Idaho® Potatoes 3 Idaho Soil and Climate 7 Major Idaho® Potato Growing Areas 11 Scientific Distinction 23 Problem Solving 33 Potato Preparation 41 Potato101.com 55 Cost Per Serving 69 The Commission as a Resource 72 Dr. Potato idahopotato.com/dr-potato Have a potato question? Visit idahopotato.com/dr-potato. It's where Dr. Potato has the answer! You may wonder, who is Dr. Potato? He’s Don Odiorne, Vice President Foodservice (not a real doctor—but someone with experience accumulated over many years in foodservice). Don Odiorne joined the Idaho Potato Commission in 1989. During his tenure he has also served on the foodservice boards of United Fresh Fruit & Vegetable, the Produce Marketing Association and was treasurer and then president of IFEC, the International Food Editors Council. For over ten years Don has directed the idahopotato.com website. His interest in technology and education has been instrumental in creating a blog, Dr. Potato, with over 600 posts of tips on potato preparation. He also works with over 100 food bloggers to encourage the use of Idaho® potatoes in their recipes and videos. Awards: The Packer selected Odiorne to receive its prestigious Foodservice Achievement Award; he received the IFEC annual “Betty” award for foodservice publicity; and in the food blogger community he was awarded the Camp Blogaway “Golden Pinecone” for brand excellence as well as the Sunday Suppers Brand partnership award. page 2 | Foodservice Toolkit Potatoes Idaho® Idaho® Potatoes From the best earth on Earth™ Idaho® Potatoes From the best earth on earth™ Until recently, nearly all potatoes grown within the borders of Idaho were one variety—the Russet Burbank.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugars and Dental Caries: a Practical Guide
    LEADING THE WORLD TO OPTIMAL ORAL HEALTH A practical guide to reduce sugars consumption and curb the epidemic of dental caries Table of Contents → Overview p. 3 → Setting the context p. 7 → Establishing goals and objectives p. 12 → Identifying target audiences p. 15 → Developing key messages p. 17 → Implementing your advocacy plan p. 20 → Monitoring and evaluation p. 34 Acknowledgements FDI would like to thank the Vision 2020 Task Team for their content guidance and review: Patrick Hescot, Chair (FDI President), Jack Cottrell, Kathryn Kell, Jaime Edelson, Li-Jian Jin and Nermin Yamalik. Vision 2020 Partners GC Corporation • Henry Schein • Ivoclar Vivadent • Morita • Planmeca • Sunstar • Unilever Managing Editor Claudia Marquina • Editing Enzo Bondioni, Charanjit Jagait • Design & Layout Gilberto Lontro ©2016 FDI World Dental Federation 2 Overview → What is the issue? → Why this practical guide? → Who is this for? → How to use it? 3 Overview What is the issue? Sugar is a leading risk factor for dental caries (tooth decay). Sugar is a leading Its consumption is influenced by many biological, behavioural, social, cultural and environmental risk factor for factors. Over the past 50 years, worldwide sugar consumption has tripled, an increase which is expected to grow – particularly in emerging dental caries economies1. A high intake of free sugars – all sugars added Reducing sugar consumption will have a to foods by the manufacturer, cook or consumer, significant impact on helping to curb the global and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit epidemic of dental caries, which has been widely juices and fruit juice concentrates – is associated neglected compared to other health issues.
    [Show full text]
  • The Speed and Metabolic Cost of Digesting a Blood Meal Depends on Temperature in a Major Disease Vector Marshall D
    © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2016) 219, 1893-1902 doi:10.1242/jeb.138669 RESEARCH ARTICLE The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector Marshall D. McCue1,‡, Leigh Boardman2,*, Susana Clusella-Trullas3, Elsje Kleynhans2 and John S. Terblanche2 ABSTRACT and is believed to occur in all animals (reviewed in Jobling, 1983; The energetics of processing a meal is crucial for understanding McCue, 2006; Wang et al., 2006; Secor, 2009). Surprisingly, – energy budgets of animals in the wild. Given that digestion and its information on SDA among one of the largest taxonomic groups – associated costs may be dependent on environmental conditions, it is insects comes from very few studies (Table 1). Furthermore, the necessary to obtain a better understanding of these costs under SDA of insects remains poorly characterized in terms of the diverse conditions and identify resulting behavioural or physiological standard metrics used to characterize this phenomenon in other trade-offs. This study examines the speed and metabolic costs – in animals (e.g. magnitude, peak time, duration and coefficient). Given ’ cumulative, absolute and relative energetic terms – of processing a insects multiple roles as disease vectors, pests of agriculture, and as bloodmeal for a major zoonotic disease vector, the tsetse fly Glossina model taxa for evolutionary, climate and conservation-related brevipalpis, across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures (25, research, this constitutes a significant limitation for integrating 30 and 35°C). Respirometry showed that flies used less energy mechanistic understanding into population dynamics modelling, digesting meals faster at higher temperatures but that their starvation including population persistence and vulnerability to environmental tolerance was reduced, supporting the prediction that warmer change.
    [Show full text]
  • Time and Age Trends in Free Sugar Intake from Food Groups Among Children and Adolescents Between 1985 and 2016
    nutrients Article Time and Age Trends in Free Sugar Intake from Food Groups among Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2016 Ines Perrar 1, Alena M. Schadow 1, Sarah Schmitting 1,2, Anette E. Buyken 3 and Ute Alexy 1,* 1 Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (A.M.S.); [email protected] (S.S.) 2 Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany 3 Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-231-7922-1016 Received: 27 November 2019; Accepted: 17 December 2019; Published: 20 December 2019 Abstract: Trend analyses suggest that free sugar (FS) intake—while still exceeding 10%E—has decreased among German children and adolescents since 2005, yet that intakes may shift from sugars naturally occurring in foods to added sugars as children age. Thus, we analysed time and age trends in FS intake (%E) from food groups among 3–18 year-olds (1985–2016) using 10,761 3-day dietary records from 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) by use of polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Among girls, FS from sugar & sweets decreased from 1985 to 2016 (linear trend p < 0.0001), but not among boys (p > 0.05). In the total sample, FS intake from juices increased until 2000 and decreased since 2005 (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001).
    [Show full text]
  • Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946
    Hungry Bengal: War, Famine, Riots, and the End of Empire 1939-1946 By Janam Mukherjee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) In the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Barbara D. Metcalf, Chair Emeritus Professor David W. Cohen Associate Professor Stuart Kirsch Associate Professor Christi Merrill 1 "Unknown to me the wounds of the famine of 1943, the barbarities of war, the horror of the communal riots of 1946 were impinging on my style and engraving themselves on it, till there came a time when whatever I did, whether it was chiseling a piece of wood, or burning metal with acid to create a gaping hole, or cutting and tearing with no premeditated design, it would throw up innumerable wounds, bodying forth a single theme - the figures of the deprived, the destitute and the abandoned converging on us from all directions. The first chalk marks of famine that had passed from the fingers to engrave themselves on the heart persist indelibly." 2 Somnath Hore 1 Somnath Hore. "The Holocaust." Sculpture. Indian Writing, October 3, 2006. Web (http://indianwriting.blogsome.com/2006/10/03/somnath-hore/) accessed 04/19/2011. 2 Quoted in N. Sarkar, p. 32 © Janam S. Mukherjee 2011 To my father ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my father, Dr. Kalinath Mukherjee, without whom this work would not have been written. This project began, in fact, as a collaborative effort, which is how it also comes to conclusion. His always gentle, thoughtful and brilliant spirit has been guiding this work since his death in May of 2002 - and this is still our work.
    [Show full text]
  • An Aspect of Nutrition and Main Food Sweeteners in the Diet
    Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control Review Article Open Access An aspect of nutrition and main food sweeteners in the diet Abstract Volume 11 Issue 2 - 2021 Food additives are factors in both health reason and food production. Sweeteners are utilized Necla Çağlarırmak in large scale because of biochemistry, production, obesity, food structure, economy, Food Proses Department, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey functional property, and research and development efforts of food industry. Intake of high calorie nutrients such as sugar in the nutrition are important factors against increasing Correspondence: Necla Çağlarırmak, Food Proses trends of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes and some of chronic diseases. In Department, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Saruhanlı College, healthy nutrition, the sufficient calorie intake must be recommended for basal metabolism Saruhanlı-Manisa, Turkey, Email [email protected] and usual daily activities due to individual and environment conditions. Sweeteners are also food additives and using commonly for low calorie nutrition or from other reasons such as Received: April 01, 2021 | Published: April 12, 2021 bulk of foods. natural sweeteners can be suggested such as stevia, together with balanced and low calorie diet including vegetables, and other food types due to diet originality that change in different societies, economies, regions and education levels of people. Traditional nutrition such as Mediterranean diet can be recommended for balanced diet. This topic was reviewed under light of literature. Keywords: biochemistry, foods, JEFCA, sweeteners, obesity, nutrition, food formulas, side effects, health Abbreviations: SSBs, sugar-sweetened beverages; Ace-K, World. Nobody does not forget almost one billion people in border acesulfame potassium; ADI, adequate dietary intake of starvation or suffering the famine against obesity.2 There are lots of factors affected nutrition including economies and development Introduction strategies in the World.
    [Show full text]
  • The Institutional Causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961
    Review of Economic Studies (2015) 82, 1568–1611 doi:10.1093/restud/rdv016 © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Review of Economic Studies Limited. Advance access publication 20 April 2015 The Institutional Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959–1961 Downloaded from XIN MENG Australian National University NANCY QIAN Yale University http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/ and PIERRE YARED Columbia University First version received January 2012; final version accepted January 2015 (Eds.) This article studies the causes of China’s Great Famine, during which 16.5 to 45 million individuals at Columbia University Libraries on April 25, 2016 perished in rural areas. We document that average rural food retention during the famine was too high to generate a severe famine without rural inequality in food availability; that there was significant variance in famine mortality rates across rural regions; and that rural mortality rates were positively correlated with per capita food production, a surprising pattern that is unique to the famine years. We provide evidence that an inflexible and progressive government procurement policy (where procurement could not adjust to contemporaneous production and larger shares of expected production were procured from more productive regions) was necessary for generating this pattern and that this policy was a quantitatively important contributor to overall famine mortality. Key words: Famines, Modern chinese history, Institutions, Central planning JEL Codes: P2, O43, N45 1. INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar and Diabetes
    Sugar and Diabetes Position Statement Diabetes Canada recommends Canadians: Organization (WHO) set of • Limit their intake of free sugars1 to less recommendations to prevent the than 10% of total daily calorie (energy) marketing of foods and beverages to intake. This is approximately 50 grams children. (12 teaspoons) of free sugars • A Federal, Provincial, and Territorial consumption per day based on a 2000- Working Group on Food and Beverage calorie diet2. Marketing to Children is convened to • Limit intake of sugar sweetened develop, implement and monitor beverages (SSB) and drink water in their policies to restrict food and beverage place. marketing to children. • Promote the intake of whole foods and • Federal, provincial, and territorial reduce the intake of free sugars governments support improved access throughout life for overall health. to and affordability of nutritious foods in all regions. Diabetes Canada recommends that federal, • The Government of Canada implement provincial/territorial, and municipal legislation to require labeling of free governments: sugars on menu labels in restaurants so • The Government of Canada introduce a Canadians can make more informed tax on SSBs and use the revenues choices about the foods they eat. generated to promote the health of • Recreational events, schools, recreation Canadians. facilities, and government spaces not • The Government of Canada ensures offer SSBs for purchase. clear nutrition labelling for packaged • Recreational events, schools, recreation foods including the amount of free facilities, and government spaces sugars on the Nutrition Facts Table. provide free water for consumption. • Federal, provincial, and territorial • Retailers and food manufacturers governments immediately voluntarily cease marketing food and operationalize the World Health beverages to children until legislation is enacted.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition Guidance for Industry
    Contains Nonbinding Recommendations a v Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition Guidance for Industry Additional copies are available from: Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, HFS-800 Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5001 Campus Drive College Park, MD 20740 (Tel) 240-402-2373 http://www.fda.gov/FoodGuidances You may submit written comments regarding this guidance at any time. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations.gov. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition May 2016 1 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Questions and Answers III. References 2 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods 1 Guidance for Industry This guidance represents the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for implementing this guidance. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the telephone number listed on the title page of this guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017
    2017 THE STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD BUILDING RESILIENCE FOR PEACE AND FOOD SECURITY REQUIRED CITATION: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2017. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome, FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) or the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
    [Show full text]
  • “Say No to Famine” Revised Version Framework Document
    AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP “SAY NO TO FAMINE” REVISED VERSION FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: SNVP/RDVP/AHVP/AHAI/PGCL May 2017 Table of Contents Results Management Framework ..................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE ........................................................................................1 1.1 Background on the Current Situation .......................................................................................1 1.2 Rationale and Scope of the Bank’s Response ..........................................................................3 1.3 Lessons Learned from Similar Bank Interventions ..................................................................4 II. “SAY NO TO FAMINE” DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................6 2.1 Overview of the Response ........................................................................................................6 2.2 Target Area and Population ......................................................................................................7 2.3 Components - “Say No to Famine” ..........................................................................................7 2.4 Type of Response ...................................................................................................................11 2.5 Costs, Financing Arrangements and Resource Mobilization .................................................12 2.6 Catalyzing
    [Show full text]
  • Famines and Economics
    __/PS tGqS POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1693 Famines and Economics Factorsthat increase vulnerability to famine include poverty, weak social and Martin Ravallion physicalinfrastructure, a weak and unprepared government, and a relativelyclosed political regime. The World Bank Policy Research Department Poverty and Human Resources Division December 1996 | POLIcY RESEARCHWORKING PAPER 1693 Summary findings Defining famine as widespread, usually life-threatening, institutions that work adequately, though not perfectly, hunger or starvation, Ravallion observes that famine has in normal times can fail under unusual stresses. Poor occurred in most parts of the world in the twentieth people can then be highly vulnerable. century, killing many people. But famines are surely Famine can be viewed as a tragic magnification of more avoidable now than ever before. normal market and governmental failures, says Ravallion. Famines defy simple explanations and geographic And the factors that can transform a shock into mass boundaries, says Ravallion. They have happened under starvation seem to be intrinsic features of normal both socialist and capitalist economic systems, and with economies rather than peculiar features of highly and without wars or unusual political or social instability. distorted or badly managed economies. Normally they And economic analysis can help explain famines that in are hidden from view, but they can surfacein a number the past have been explained in terms of often doubtful of ways. single causes, such as a decline in aggregate food Certain elements increase a region's vulnerability to production. famine: Under certain conditions, the threat of mass starvation * Poverty. can emerge from seeminglysmall shocks to an economy, * Weak social and physical infrastructure.
    [Show full text]