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Sinemada Diyalektik Kurgu SİNEMADA DİYALEKTİK KURGU Dr. Cengis T. Asiltürk Beykent Üniversitesi Yayınıdır. İstanbul, Eylül-2008 Beykent Üniversitesi Yayınevi Cumhuriyet Mah. Şimşek Sok. No:1, Beykent Siteleri, Büyükçekmece 34500 İstanbul Tel : (0212) 444 1997 Faks: (0212) 867 55 66 Beykent Üniversitesi Adına Sahibi Rektör Prof. Dr. Cuma BAYAT Yazar Dr. Cengis T. ASİLTÜRK “SİNEMADA DİYALEKTİK KURGU” 1. Baskı, Eylül 2008 Beykent Üniversitesi Yayınları, No. 53 Sinema Dizisi 1 Editör: Merve Asiltürk Redaktör: Merve Yazıcı Sayfa Düzeni: İbrahim SEVİLDİ Kapak Grafik ve Tasarımı: Gaye KALAVLI Ön Kapak Fotoğrafı: Yrd. Doç. Burak BUYAN Arka Kapak Fotoğrafı: Yrd. Doç. Sefa ÇELİKSAP Baskı: Euromat Entegre Matbaacılık A.Ş. ISBN No: 978-975-6319-04-8 Sertifika No: 0208-34-010320 Kitabın bazı bölümleri veya tamamı Beykent Üniversitesi ve yazarın yazılı izni olmaksızın hiçbir şekilde çoğaltılamaz. Copyright © 2008 fffxäz|Ä|fxxääzz||Ä|Ä|xäz|Ä| ``` |†|†|†|ÇAAA|†||ÇÇAAAAAA|ÇAAA SUNUM Sinema sanatı bilgi aktarımını belki en hızlı değil, ama en etkili biçimde sağlayan iletişim aracıdır. Çağımızın üzerinde en çok tartışılan bu bilim ve sanat alanıyla ilgili bilimsel ve akademik çalışmaların seyri, sinemanın toplumları nedenli derinden etkilediğini, hangi dinamikleriyle tutum ve davranışlarda belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Diyalektik kurgu üzerine yapılan bu ve benzeri çalışmalar öğrencilerimizin iyi yetişmesine ve çağdaş sinemaya kuşkusuz önemli katkılar yapacaktır. Üretilen bilgiyi paylaşmanın çeşitli yolları vardır. Bunların en eskilerinden birisi kuşkusuz kitaplardır. Beykent Üniversitesi öğretim üyelerinden Yrd.Doç.Dr.Cengis T. Asiltürk’ün, sinemanın evrensel diline baktığı bu kitap sinema konusunda bastığımız ilk çalışma olması yanında, diyalektik kurgu öncelikli olmak üzere sinema dilini her boyutuyla irdeleyen ülkemizdeki ilk sinema kitabıdır. Bilindiği gibi; Üniversitemiz, Sinema Bölümü öğrencilerinin film seti deneyimi de edinmiş olarak en iyi biçimde yetişmesi için, teknik ve akademik kadro açısından alt yapısını oluşturmuştur. Öğrenci öncelikli eğitim-öğretim anlayışını benimseyen Beykent Üniversitesi, öğretim üyelerimizin gerektiğinde set çalışmasına katılımı ve desteğiyle, öğrencilere kendi kısa filmlerini çektirmektedir. Öğrenci filmlerinin dünya ölçeğindeki festivallerde gösterilecek niteliklere sahip olduğunu sevinç ve gururla gözlemekteyiz. Üniversitemiz benzer akademik yayınları ve filmleriyle bilgi üretimi ve paylaşımı alanında söz sahibidir. Beykent Üniversitesi mezunlarının ileride çok önemli yapımlara imza atacağından kuşkumuz yoktur. Saygı ve sevgilerimle... Prof.Dr.Cuma BAYAT Rektör I YAZARIN ÖZGEÇMİŞİ 1968’de Adana’da doğdu. Sinemada Diyalektik (Yaratıcı) Kurgu adlı teziyle yüksel lisans, Sinemada Şiirsel Anlatım adlı teziyle doktora derecesi alan Asiltürk; Ankara Üniversitesi’nde, Gazi Üniversitesi’nde ve birçok özel kuruluşta Yönetmenlik, Belgesel Sinema, Film Dili, Göstergebilim, Kurmaca Film, Türk Dili, Film-Okuma, Film Çözümlemesi dersleri verdi. TRT Ankara Televizyonu Drama Programları Müdürlüğünde çalıştı (2000-2007). Birçok TRT yapımında; yapım yardımcısı, yönetmen yardımcısı, yapımcı ve yönetmen olarak görev aldı. Yönetmenliğini yaptığı tüm filmlerin senaryosunu yazdı. Kısa filmleri birçok ülke festivallerinde gösterildi, çeşitli ödüller aldı. Basılı beş kitabu bulunan Dr.Cengiz Asiltürk, 2006-2008 yıllarında Sinema-TV (Türkçe) Bölüm Başkanlığı yaptığı Beykent Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi’nde öğretim üyesidir. Filmografi 2007- Büyülü Gerçekler 2006- Birden Bire Eski Yağmurlar (TRT) 2006- Kaçakçılar (TRT) 2006- Salvo (TRT) 2006- Piyansiti Kim Vursun (TRT) 2006- Gümüş Kayakçı (TRT) 2005- İlk Taşı Kim Atsın (TRT) 2005- Bir Bozgunun Filmi (TRT) 2005- Geç Gece (TRT) 2001- Aşkın Cenaze Töreni 1996- Ateşe Pervane Olan Kelebekler 1994- Esrime 1991- Komik Ölüler Ülkesi 1989- Özgürlük Tutkusu 2003- Esir Şehrin İnsanları: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Cafer Özgül) 2004- Çınaraltı: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Andaç Haznedaroğlu) 2005- Beş Kollu Avize: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Ömer Kavur) 2005- Koltuk: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Ömer Kavur) 2006- Patroniçe: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Ömer Kavur) 2006- Sanatçının Ölümü: Yönetmen Yardımcısı (TRT: Yönetmen Tülay Eratalay) Kitapları İsyan Çiçeği (Gold Yayınları) Sırlanmış Zamanın Gölgesinde (roman, İnkılap Yayınları) Sinemada Şiirsel Anlatım (bilimsel eser, Nobel Yayınları) Sinemada Diyalektik Kurgu ve Film Dili (bilimsel eser, Beykent Üniversitesi Yayını) II İÇİNDEKİLER SUNUM .......................................................................................................................................... I YAZARIN ÖZGEÇMİŞİ .......................................................................................................... II İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................................................... III ÖNSÖZ .......................................................................................................................................... 1 TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................................. 3 GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................................. 7 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM Kimi Sanat Türlerinde Kurgu ................................................................................................. 18 1. Fotoğrafta Kurgu ................................................................................................................... 21 2. Karikatürde Kurgu ............................................................................................................... 23 3. Müzikte Kurgu ....................................................................................................................... 23 4. Tiyatroda Kurgu .................................................................................................................... 24 5. Resimde Kurgu ...................................................................................................................... 25 6. Yazınsal Metinde Kurgu ....................................................................................................... 25 7. Televizyonda Kurgu .............................................................................................................. 30 8. Sinemada Kurgu .................................................................................................................... 32 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM Sinemada Kurgu Düşüncesinin Gelişimi ................................................................................ 42 1. Kurgu Öncesi Dönemde Sinema Dili .................................................................................. 42 2. Kurgunun Ortaya Çıkışı ....................................................................................................... 43 3. Kurgunun Altın Çağı ............................................................................................................. 46 4. Diyalektik Kurgu ve Eisenstein’ın Kurgu Çeşitleri .......................................................... 53 4.1. Çarpıcı Kurgu (montage of attrection) ............................................................................ 54 4.2. Çağrışım Kurgusu (association montage) ....................................................................... 54 4.3. Ölçümlü Kurgu (metric montage) .................................................................................... 55 4.4. Dizemsel Kurgu (rhythmical montage) ........................................................................... 55 4.5. Titremsel Kurgu (tonal montage) ..................................................................................... 56 4.6. Üstitremsel Kurgu (overtonal montage) .......................................................................... 56 4.7. Anlıksal Kurgu (intellectual montage) ............................................................................. 57 5. Genel (Evrensel) Kurgu Çeşitleri ........................................................................................ 58 5.1. Hızlı-Yavaş Kurgu .............................................................................................................. 59 5.2. Karşıt Kurgu ....................................................................................................................... 59 5.3. Koşut (Paralel ya da Almaşık) Kurgu ............................................................................. 59 III 5.4. Olağan Kurgu ...................................................................................................................... 60 5.5. Bağlantılı Kurgu ................................................................................................................. 60 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM Kurguyu Belirleyen Ögeler ve Anlam ..................................................................................... 62 1. Yaratıcılık ............................................................................................................................... 62 2. Devinim ve Çekim sayısı ...................................................................................................... 64 3. Zaman ve Uzam .................................................................................................................... 64 4. Sahne Derinliği .....................................................................................................................
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