Environmental Planning Document______

April 2010

IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program—Sub-Projects in Davangere CC (Tranche 2)

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC

Initial Environmental Examination

April 2010 Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka

North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Package I – Dharwad Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

April 2010

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited (WSAPL)

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Abbreviations

AC : Asbestos Cement ADB : Asian Development Bank APMC : Agriculture Produces Marketing and Cooperatives ASI : Archaeological Survey of India CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate CI : Cast Iron CC : City Corporation DC : District Commissioner DI : Ductile Iron DLPSC : District Level Project Steering Committee DMA : Directorate of Municipal Administration DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EA : Executing Agency EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment FY : Financial Year GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GRC : Grievance Redress Committee IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination IMD : India Meteorological Department KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KSSIDC : Karnataka Small Scale Industries Development Corporation KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation KUWS & DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board LPA : Local Planning Area LSGD : Local Self Government Department MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NRAP : National River Action Plan O & M : Operation and Maintenance OHT : Over Head Tank OM : Operation Manual OMC : Operation and Maintenance Contract PC : Program Consultant PMU : Program Management Unit PVC : Poly Vinyl Chloride RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete REA : Rapid Environmental Assessment RH : Relative Humidity SoER : State of Environment Report STP : Sewage Treatment Plant UGD : Under Ground Drainage

KUIDFC i WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns ULB : Urban Local Bodies WTP : Water Treatment Plant

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Contents

I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Overview...... 1 B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance...... 1 C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination...... 3 D. Scope of IEE ...... 3 E. Report Structure ...... 3 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS...... 4 A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal ...... 4 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Davangere ...... 6 1. Karnataka - Health Status...... 6 C. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Davangere CC...... 7 1. Sewerage System...... 7 2. Water Supply System...... 8 D. Proposed Improvements in Davangere CC ...... 11 1. Sewerage System...... 11 2. Water Supply System...... 17 E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule ...... 19 F. Investment Program Benefits...... 19 1. Sewerage System Improvements ...... 19 2. Water Supply System Improvements ...... 20 G. Investment Program Alternatives...... 20 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT...... 22 A. Environmental Profile of Davangere...... 22 1. Physiography ...... 22 2. Seismology ...... 22 3. Climatic Conditions ...... 22 4. Surface Water...... 24 5. Groundwater...... 24 6. Air Quality ...... 25 7. Flora and Fauna ...... 25 8. Socio Economic Characteristics ...... 25 9. Cultural and Historic Places ...... 26 B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites...... 26 1. Sewerage...... 26 2. Water Supply...... 29 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 30 V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 45 A. Institutional Requirements ...... 45 B. Training Needs...... 51 C. Environmental Monitoring Plans ...... 52 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 63 A. Overview...... 63 VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 67 A. Findings...... 67

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B. Recommendations...... 68 VIII. CONCLUSIONS...... 69

KUIDFC iv WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Tables

Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components...... 2 Table 2. Water borne / related Diseases in Karnataka...... 7 Table 3. Proposed Sewerage System Sub-components ...... 12 Table 4. Design Parameters of STP...... 14 Table 5. Proposed Water Supply Sub-components...... 19 Table 6. Investment Program Benefits – Sewerage System Improvements ...... 20 Table 7. Investment Program Alternatives ...... 20 Table 8. Climatological Characteristics of Davangere ...... 23 Table 9. Screening of Impacts ...... 31 Table 10. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System...... 31 Table 11. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Water Supply Rehabilitation ...... 39 Table 12. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities...... 49 Table 13. Training Needs (2008 – 2016)...... 51 Table 14. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System ...... 53 Table 15. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Water Supply Rehabilitation...... 60 Table 16. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Davangere...... 64 Table 17. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components...... 67

Figures

Figure 1. Wind Rose Diagram of Davangere (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs)...... 24 Figure 2. NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy...... 47

Maps

Map 1. Project Location, Davangere City Corporation...... 5 Map 2. Sewerage Districts for Davangere City Corporation...... 13 Map 3. Proposed sewer network within the Davangere City Corporation...... 16 Map 4. Water Supply Improvements for Davangere City Corporation ...... 18 Map 5. Location of Proposed STP Site ...... 28

Appendices

Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage Appendix 2. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Water Supply Appendix 3. Certificates from Davangere CC on the Suitability of the Proposals for the ULB

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

1. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) proposes to improve the environmental quality of the urban areas through better urban infrastructure facilities and thus improve living conditions of the urban people. In the wake of poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and solid waste management, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. Hence, the proposed Investment Program aims at minimizing or mitigating the risk and ensures the well-being of people. 2. Though the Investment Program aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as sewage treatment plant, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Again, most of the impacts are activity-specific. However, if due care is taken during the construction phase, investment Program negative impacts will be far outweighed by positive impacts

B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3. The components of NKUSIP include environmental sanitation infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, urban roads improvement, slum infrastructure, and non-municipal infrastructure projects. Sub-components proposed for Davangere City, which fall under the ambit of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in Table 1.

KUIDFC 1 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-Component Applicability of Acts Compliance Criteria / Guidelines Sewerage and • Sewage • Water • Consent for Sanitation Treatment (Prevention and Establishment and Plant Control of Consent for Operation Pollution) Act, from KSPCB 1974 • Generator • Air (Prevention • Consent for and Control of Establishment and Pollution) Act, Consent for Operation 1981 from KSPCB All Sectors • All sub- • The Environment • Categorization of sub- components Policy and project components Operations into A, B or C and Manual (OM) 20: developing required Environmental level of environmental Considerations in assessment for each ADB Operation component

4. The above table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go through environmental assessment process; however, as specified, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities. The ADB guidelines, on the other hand, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of Investment Program preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into various categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Investment Program, as per ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 is presented below.

i) Category A: Sub-project components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts. ii) Category B: Sub-project components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A Investment Programs. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. iii) Category C: Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental

KUIDFC 2 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5. The NKUSIP Package I – Dharwad covers six sub-project towns. To fulfill the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans, the environmental assessment of sub-projects were carried out. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, prima facie almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. 6. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub- project components proposed in Davangere under NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and an initial environmental examination (IEE) have been carried out.

D. Scope of IEE

7. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

E. Report Structure

8. This Report contains eight (8) sections including this introductory section: (i) introduction; (ii) description of Investment Program components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) screening of potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) environmental monitoring plan; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vii) finding and recommendation; and (viii) conclusions.

KUIDFC 3 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal

9. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) will finance investment for (i) Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Water supply Infrastructure; (iii) Urban Roads Improvement; (iv) Poverty Alleviation; (v) Non-Municipal Infrastructure; (vi) Institutional Development; and (vii) Investment Program Assistance. The overall development goal of the NKUSIP is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to “promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty”. 10. Thus the Investment Program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns/cities of North Karnataka and bring about urban development though equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that is environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The following are the urban infrastructure components proposed under the NKUSIP. i) Water Supply; ii) Sewerage; iii) Urban Drainage; iv) Urban Roads; v) Poverty Alleviation; and, vi) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (including Fire Services, Lake Development and Tourism) 11. Davangere city, located at the central part of Karnataka is one among the 25 cities of the state of Karnataka where urban sector investment program has been proposed. The location map of the investment program for Davangere is presented in Map 1.

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Map 1. Project Location, Davangere City Corporation

KUIDFC 5 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

12. NKUSIP program for Davangere City Corporation is planned to be implemented in a course of 6 years as two phases – Phase 1 and Phase 2 targeting to meet the demand for the year 2041. The investment has been proposed in water supply and sewerage for Davangere City Corporation.

B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Davangere

13. Population in the city is growing as the city develops as an important destination for educational and commercial needs. Providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure a long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.

1. Karnataka - Health Status

14. In addition to the associated environmental pollution, importantly, due to lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. The State of Environment Report∗ (SoER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following are the important observations of the report. i) “Loss of access to the safe drinking water and sanitation is a matter of great concern. It is estimated that 75-80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage. The remaining is industrial waste water which could be more toxic. Due to improper drainage and lack of disposal facilities, industries and local bodies use large areas of land for disposal of wastewater” ii) “Adverse health effects are associated with ingestion of contaminated water, lack of access to sanitation, contact with unsafe water and improper management of water resources and agriculture. Infectious diarrhea makes the single largest contribution to the burden of disease associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Besides the water borne diseases like cholera, jaundice, other gastrointestinal track infections are quite significant amongst the population”. iii) “These diseases occur in different parts of the state, mostly during

∗ Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka has prepared the SoER 2003.

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summer when there is scarcity of drinking water and source water gets contaminated. The data maintained by Health and Family Welfare Department (2003) indicates that number of attacks for gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis and typhoid are increasing. The yearly occurrence of water borne diseases like cholera and gastroenteritis makes it very clear that environmental impact of water on health is very profound and significant.” Table 2. Water borne / related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Typhoid Hepatitis Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 - - 659 17 - - 1992 15262 608 402 14 - - 282 17 - - 1993 16206 855 424 13 - - 678 7 26047 1 1994 15932 325 304 10 - - 382 0 20349 0 1995 18645 396 532 38 - - 7146 1 10250 0 1996 22983 377 657 6 - - 1332 6 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 2 1714 4 3880 5 1998 23881 501 434 2 1 0 3824 2 2435 0 1999 17743 126 134 3 54 2 4792 2 24356 1 2000 31132 265 354 3 3 1 3011 10 27210 0 2001 23893 198 342 1 68 7 5438 28 33346 6 2002 25218 146 384 0 27 0 4578 15 42936 2 Source: SoER, 2003. 15. Hence it is evident that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is leading to health consequences in the State. Considering the immediate attention required in improving the environmental quality of the city with prior emphasis to public health the present program is proposed to initially invest on following sectors i) Water Supply A. Sewerage 16. The following section details the status of water supply, sanitation and other infrastructure facilities in the Davangere City.

C. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Davangere CC

1. Sewerage System

17. Presently, there is one number of Sewage Treatment plant of 19.35 MLD, which has been constructed under NRAP project. One more STP (20 MLD) which is already proposed under UIDSSMT scheme at upstream side of the Bathi tank is yet to be constructed. Thus, treatment facility has been provided only for the existing sewerage system of the old part of the city.

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18. For the remaining part of the city, individual septic tanks and dry latrines provide the disposal system for the human waste. Providing sewage treatment plant to take care of year 2041 demand and located at suitable location so that entire sewage can be drained into this plant by gravity is required. 19. Davangere town has sewerage network covering the old part of the city. As mentioned earlier, there is one STP of 19.45 MLD capacity functioning, where the two outfall sewers will flow by gravity to the treatment plant. 20. The sewer mains in the old part of the city were laid long back. It is understood that about 146.8 km long lateral sewers have been laid. But one CC reference shows that there is about 230.4 km of sewer mains. The main sewer is laid along the built up drain consists of 300mm to 1200 mm diameter RCC sewer laid for a length of 3.20 km. 21. Some of the houses are provided with individual septic tanks and there are a few public toilets as well. Sewage flows into the septic tanks and its supernatant overflows causing odour nuisance. The sullage and sewage from some of the households in the town are presently let into open drains/channels which ultimately accumulate as stagnated water bodies in the low lying areas, leading to breeding of mosquitoes and unsanitary conditions. 22. In most of the areas, sewage, sullage and storm water are presently discharged into open drains, which are in turn connected to nearby open channels. Similarly in some places, sewage, sullage and storm water from the residential areas are presently discharged into open drains, which are in turn connected to nearest low-lying water bodies, ultimately polluting the fresh water bodies available within the municipality. 23. All the private latrines are reported to be flush type, connected either to septic tanks or to the underground sewers. Total number of sewer connections is 53,906. The effluent of the septic tanks is discharged into the open drains or spreads in low-lying areas and some latrines are connected to the UGD sewers. 24. There are 39 public latrines in the city corporation with 176 seats, thirteen of these toilets are “Pay and Use” toilets. Most of the latrines have water supply facility made available from either municipal tap or a bore well. Overhead tanks are also provided on the latrine. The disposal is in a septic tank and the effluent flows to the drains or in low-lying areas. 25. While isolated small areas may not have any latrine nearby, many major areas, also have no latrines and so people answer the nature's call in the open.

2. Water Supply System

26. River Tungabhadra is the only source available Davangere CC. Davangere city

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has four water supply schemes namely, i) Old Tungabhadra River Water Supply System (presently abandoned) ii) New Tungabhadra River Water Supply System iii) Bhadra Harihar Branch Canal Water Supply System iv) Kundawada Water Supply System (standby system) These systems together with local bore wells provide about 50 MLD water presently. 27. Old Tungabhadra River Water Supply System was implemented in the year 1917, initially for a population of 15,000. At present this system is not in use. The works are old and away from the city. Looking onto the limited capacity of this system and with the commissioning of Stage II Tungabhadra River System, the operation of this system is not critical and has become expensive. 28. New Tungabhadra River Water Supply System is the main source of supply yielding 36 MLD. The source works are located near Rajanahalli village, upstream of new NH-4. The scheme has been commissioned very recently, on January 31, 2004. All the works are new and in good, immaculate condition. They are operated for about 15 hours these days. However, the dependability of this scheme becomes doubtful in summer. 29. The river intake works includes 2 connecting RCC pipes of 1200 mm which connects to the RCC Intake well and RCC Jackwell. Three deep well vertical turbine pump sets are installed in the pump house. Raw water is pumped to the water treatment plant through one prestressed concrete pipe line laid for a length of 13,300 m. 30. The water treatment plant is designed to treat 40 MLD of raw water and the pumping main is located in the water treatment plant premises. The treated water is pumped to a balancing reservoir through a mild steel pipe line laid for a length of 750 m. 31. One RCC ground tank of 1.5 ML storage capacity is constructed on the slope of Bathi hillock to provide balancing storage and sufficient elevation for ensuring gravity flow to the city from this point. 32. Clear water flows from the balancing reservoir to the various service reservoirs in the city through a 1,000 mm mild steel pipeline in the initial stretch of 4,400 m and prestressed concrete pipeline of 6,850 m length upto the first branch feeder. Water from the new scheme is distributed to various service reservoirs in the city through individual feeder mains, branching off from the 1,000 mm gravity main. 33. Bhadra Harihar Branch Canal Water Supply System was commissioned in the year 1972 and is designed to supply 20 MLD and presently it supplies 14 MLD

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of water. Bhadra Harihar Branch Canal, located at a distance of about 0.5 km from the city, is the source of supply for this system. This canal runs continuously from June to December, but runs for only 10 days each in five months of January to May. 34. The intake works consist of two pipe outlets operated by gates. Water flows to the raw water pumping station and is stored in a sump and is pumped using 2 horizontal centrifugal pumps of capacity 170 HP, either to the treatment plant or to the balancing reservoir. 35. Water drawn from the canal is pumped directly to the water treatment plant and to the balancing reservoir, separately through two pumping mains. 36. To take care of the closure period of the canal, a balancing reservoir is constructed near TV station adjacent to the treatment plant. This reservoir is filled in 10 days when canal flows. During canal closure period, water stored in the balancing reservoir is pumped to the treatment plant through a pumping station by two centrifugal pumps via a cast iron pipeline. 37. A conventional 22.50 MLD capacity treatment plant is constructed by the side of the balancing storage reservoir. The treated water is pumped through the Clear water sump located at water treatment plant having 2.25 ML storage capacity. Clear water is pumped to the service reservoirs through a Cast Iron pipeline, laid for a length of 3,200 m. 38. This system is also used as a stand by system and is operated only when Stage II Tungabhadra River System is shut down for some repairs. 39. Kundawada Water Supply System has been developed with Bhadra Canal as the source, by the CC through Karnataka Land Army Corporation. It is basically similar to the earlier Bhadra Canal System and has been designed to supply 20 MLD water to the city. 40. Water is drawn from the canal by gravity to the Kundawada Lake balancing reservoir through a 1.5 km long pipeline. Water flows by gravity to the water treatment plant though 2.2 km long RCC NP2 class pipeline. The water treatment plant is designed to treat 20 MLD water. 41. The treated water is pumped to feed the 1,000 mm diameter feeder main coming from Tungabhadra River Stage II system. The system is operated, along with old Bhadra Canal System, whenever the Stage II Tungabhadra River System is shut down for any repairs or else, this system is kept as a standby and is not operated. 42. Normally, each area gets water supply every alternate day, for duration of about 1 to 2 hours. In summer, when there is shortage of supply from river and

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the demand increases, the supply gets restricted to once in four days. 43. The distribution network was laid in 1960 and is now old and inadequate to meet the present demands. The total length of road network is 770.59 km. The total existing distribution network is 495.4 km. The total length of distribution network for uncovered area is 275.2 km. 44. The water after treatment is transmitted by gravity to 20 storage reservoirs from where it is distributed using PVC/CI/MS/PSC pipe lines ranging from 75mm to 300mm diameter, laid over a length of 495 km. 45. There are about 20 existing OHTs of 21 ML capacity, whereas 9 OHTs of 4.5 ML capacity proposed under UIDSSMT scheme and 3 OHTs of 3 ML capacity proposed under Chief Minister’s special grant are yet to be constructed. 46. Considering the existing and future water supply issues it may be concluded that the system needs to be strengthened and expanded. The water losses, which are considerable at present, need to be tackled; it is also necessary to develop an all weather reliable water source for the town.

D. Proposed Improvements in Davangere CC

1. Sewerage System

47. Trunk sewer alignment has been proposed by considering the topography of the city and major obstacles like National Highway and railway track. Zoning has been done in such a way that trunk sewer line shall cross NH and Railway line at very minimal points. 48. Based on this, entire Davanagere City Corporation is divided into three sewerage districts. The National Highway-4 which passes in the central portion of the city is on a ridge line as shown in the contour map. North side of the NH-4 is considered as District-1. The western part of the city below NH-4 is considered as District-2 and the eastern part of the city below the NH-4 is considered as District -3. Based on this zonal plan the pipeline corridor survey for the trunk sewers have been done and designed. 49. Since District 1 is the most densely populated area of the City Corporation, it has been decided to improve the sewerage collection and treatment system of this area, with the available funds for the time being. District 2 and 3 shall be considered subsequently in the coming years. 50. Under District-1, a small sub-zone has been made due to the level difference where the sewage cannot flow by gravity, hence a small wet well has been proposed, the sewage collected in the well shall be pumped to the ridge manhole of District-1 further sewage will be carried by gravity.

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51. The Trunk main 1 starts from Church Road (Vinoba Nagar) and collects the sewage from Police Parade Ground, Renuka Badavane, Kadappana Kana, Hondada Circle, Sri Venkateshwara Layout, Vinayaka nagar, Devaraj Urs layout, S.M. Krishna Nagar, Chowdeshwari Nagar, Ashoka Nagar & S.J.M Nagar. The trunk main passes all along the Dodda Budhihal Road intercepting Nallah near old NH-4 in Vinobha Nagar, Nallah at Hondada area, drain at Budhihal road crossing & Nallah near Budhihal Bridge and ultimately reaches STP site. 52. The Trunk main 2 starts from Nituvalli Drain covering New KSRTC Bus stand area, Bharathi Colony, HKR Nagar, Lalbahadur Shastri nagar, Bamboo Bazaar, KHB Colony, Mandakki Batti layout, Karlmax nagar, Beedi layout, Shivanagar & S.S.M layout, and ultimately reaches STP site. 53. Due to reverse gradient of about 12 m found in a small pocket on western side of the District-1 this is presently a small scale industrial area. Hence, a small wet well of 3.0 diameter has been proposed to collect the sewage generated by gravity of 3.3 MLD and it will be pumped to ridge manhole no MH-1648 of sub- main in District-1 through 250mm diameter DI K9 pipe for a length of 1.25 km. Finally it will be carried by gravity to proposed STP. It is also proposed to house submersible Pumpsets of 2 nos. of 10 HP each of 1200 lpm @ 24 m TDH (2 Working ) and giving a total discharge of 2340 lpm against a head of 24 m when 2 pumps are working together. Table 3. Proposed Sewerage System Sub-components No. Component

Tranche 2 (i) Rehabilitation of existing sewer network for 22.68 m (ii) Laying of new sewer network for 21.65 km (iii) Laying of new outfall sewer (11.8 km) and sub-mains (12.4 km) (iv) Construction of 20 MLD STP S. S. Mallikarjuna Nagar

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Map 2. Sewerage Districts for Davangere City Corporation

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

54. An STP of 20 MLD has been proposed for Sewerage District 1 of Davangere CC. The land for this purpose has been recommended by the ULB and is located near the existing STP at S. S. Mallikarjuna Nagar. 55. The STP site is located within the city corporation boundary along the outskirts of the city. The site is bounded by agricultural fields along west and residential layouts to the south and the east. The existing STP is located towards the north of the proposed STP site. STP site has an advantage of being in the lower elevation hence the sewage from the city can be brought in through gravity. 56. The capacity of the proposed Sewage Treatment Plant will be 20 MLD, catering to the demand of District 1 for the ultimate year need to treat sewage generated. There are a number of options to treat the wastewater to the standards of disposal to Inland surface water. The options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems shall be adopted. The availability of Land for Treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are the prime issues while selecting the suitable option. It is always advantageous to go for a treatment plant where much operational and maintenance aspects are less, if the land is sufficiently available. 57. Based on the above factors, Facultative Aerated Lagoon is proposed to treat the Sewage to the standards of surface water disposal even though the treated sewage is expected to be utilized for agricultural facilities. About 90 percent reduction in the BOD and COD values shall be expected in the facultative ponds attributing to the design requirement. Table 4. Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Design Design CPCB Influent Effluent standard for Inland Surface Water Discharge Design Flow MLD 20 20 -- Biochemical Oxygen Demand Mg/l 250 < 20 mg/l 30 Detention Time 5 days -- -- Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment 58. The proposed treatment plant consists of primary and secondary treatment units. The primary treatment unit comprises of inlet chamber followed by screen chambers and grit chambers. This will be followed by a division box designed to divide the flow before letting it to the secondary treatment unit. 59. The secondary treatment will be carried out in two numbers of Facultative Aerated Lagoons. The unit will be established with a capacity to handle 20 MLD of sewage. The lagoons will be of the dimension 227 m × 57.13 m. The

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depth will include 3.8 m water depth, 0.5 m sludge depth with 0.5 m as free board. 60. The lagoon will be partially under ground and partially above ground with baffles. The top width of the baffle has been kept 1.5 m for easy movement of maintenance crew through the length of the lagoon and lagoon outer bund width has been kept 2.95 m for vehicular access. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through 10 HP mechanical aerators, 40 no.s. Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be collected by a leading channel that discharges on to Primary Drain. 61. It is proposed to provide Buffer Zone with green plantations around the STP. There are provisions for access roads, Diesel Generator for power backup, DG room, lighting and sludge drying beds in STP site with the total area completely fenced and entry into the STP premises is restricted to the authorized persons. 62. Sewage will be treated in STP upto the discharge limit in surface water and will be discharged in to the nearby nallah, which will join the Bettur nallah and further ahead, it will reach the River Tungabhadra. It has been observed that there are no water supply schemes in the nearest vicinity of discharge point. Hence the proposal does not pose any environmental risk to river water quality. 63. From the environmental point of view, the location of STP being close to residential layouts, it may pose health risk to the people living in the neighbourhood.

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Map 3. Proposed sewer network within the Davangere City Corporation

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2. Water Supply System

64. The proposed water supply system rehabilitation in Davangere aims at ensuring water supply to the inhabitants during lean periods by enhancing summer storage. The objectives of system improvement are: i) Improving summer storage by utilizing Kundawada lake as an impounding reservoir; ii) Improving the longevity of the individual components and the system; iii) Improving the operational performance of the components and the system; and iv) Reducing the loss of the water and increasing the utilizable output of the system. 65. From the analysis of the existing system it was observed that the immediate requirement in this sector are to augment (i) the water supply during summer season and (ii) pumping and treatment facilities for the intermediate year of 2020. 66. In order to augment water supply, it is proposed to draw raw water of 80 MLD through existing pumping main of 900mm pipeline where as present drawl of 40 MLD is being pumped to WTP at Bathi, 20 MLD of raw water shall be pumped to proposed WTP at Bathi and balance 20 MLD of water shall be pumped to Kundawada lake for summer storage through the proposed raw water pumping main of 500mm dia DI K9 for a length of 6.38 km from ‘Y’ junction at Bathi to Kundawada lake. 67. The capacity of the Water Treatment Plant at Bathi is proposed to be increased to 60 MLD by constructing a new filter house and clear water reservoir, which will be sufficient to cater upto year 2020 requirement. The raw water of 20 MLD which was pumped to Kundawada Lake will be treated with the existing WTP of 20 MLD and will be pumped to the existing clear water gravity transmission main which comes from Clear water storage reservoir at Bathi Hillock for further distribution.

KUIDFC 17 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Map 4. Water Supply Improvements for Davangere City Corporation

KUIDFC 18 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Table 5. Proposed Water Supply Sub-components No. Component

Tranche 2 (i) Installation of new raw water vertical turbine pumpsets of 1000 HP(2 no.s) at Rajanahalli headworks (ii) Construction of new filter house of capacity 20 MLD at Bathi (iii) Construction of Clear Water Storage Reservoir of 1.5 ML capacity at Bathi (iv) Laying of new raw water pumping main for a length of 6.38 km from ‘Y’ Junction to Kundawada Lake (v) Installation of new clear water centrifugal pumpsets of 1000 HP(2 no.s) at Bathi (vi) Installation of transformers of 11/6.6 kV(2 no.s), each at Rajanahalli headworks and Bathi

E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule

68. The Investment Program is to be implemented over an six-year period, commencing in FY 2010-11 and civil works construction starting in the same year. The completion of work is scheduled by end FY 2015-16.

F. Investment Program Benefits

69. In view of the lack of basic infrastructure facilities and its adverse impacts on the environment and also on socio-economic characteristics, the proposed Investment Program aims at providing infrastructure facilities such as adequate and safe water supply and sanitation facilities, to overcome negative environmental impacts. Investment Program benefits and beneficiaries in the Davangere are provided below.

1. Sewerage System Improvements

70. Benefits arising from the provision of a well reticulated sewerage network and safe treatment and disposal of sewage comprise (i) reduced incidence of water- borne diseases and mosquito menace (ii) improvement in public health conditions with better sanitation; (iii) reduction in risks of ground water contamination; (iv) stoppage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools; (v) reduced risk of treated water supply contamination; (vi) reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to usage of raw sewage for irrigation; (vii) reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields; and (viii) availability of treated effluent for agricultural purposes. Investment Program beneficiaries will be households getting new connections through proposed sewer lines under this Investment Program. Households who are getting new connections will gain from improved environmental

KUIDFC 19 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

sanitation conditions through properly functioning sewerage system. The proposed system will benefit for 32% of total households in the year 2011. The remaining area of city, comprising of District 2 and District 3 will be served with sewage network in the subsequent years and the complete system will be operational with capacity of 2041 demand for the city. Table 6. Investment Program Benefits – Sewerage System Improvements Year 2011 2026 2041 Population(projected) 496823 731760 1032695 Total Households 54019 68723 92088 Total households covered 17163 26216 28090 % of households covered 32 38 31

2. Water Supply System Improvements

71. Benefits arising from improved water supply comprise (i) availability of water even during summer months, effected by storage of excess water in Kundawada Lake; (ii) reduced risk of water-borne diseases due to access to potable and adequate water supply; (iii) reduced ground water exploitation; and (iv) reduced time and costs in accessing alternative sources of water. Investment Program beneficiaries will comprise households with existing connections and households with new connections who previously obtained municipal water from standposts.

G. Investment Program Alternatives

72. The environmental suitability of the proposed components are judged through the selected location and proposed process/technology during both the construction and operation phases. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the components proposed under NKUSIP are basic urban infrastructure services, most of which are location fixed providing scope for alternatives only in terms of technology, which again are limited. However, facilities such as sewage treatment plants offer variety of technologies. The following Table 10 shows environmental suitability of the selected alternatives. Table 7. Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternative Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less man power and importantly does not

KUIDFC 20 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternative require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system.

Due to the topographic constraints, the proposed system in Davangare CC will require construction of wet well at 1 location for initial collection and pumping of sewage, there after the sewage will be flown to the STP site under gravity.

There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment. Options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems may be adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance costs. Based on these considerations, Facultative Aerated Lagoons are proposed for Davangere.

The location of the sewage treatment plant is mostly selected based on the topography. In Davangere, the northeastern and southeastern part of the city drains towards north, through Bettur Nalla. The local body has already identified and acquired land for proposed STP, which is ideal in order to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The location for the proposed STP has been identified near the already existing one at S. S. Mallikarjuna Nagar. No other alternatives were hence considered regarding the location. Water Supply Alternative 1: Make the present intake well work site perennial by creating a barrage at site to impound 5-6 MCM water. Alternative 2: Pump from the present Intake work site during surplus months and store it elsewhere to use in lean months.

Alternative 1 did not seem to be feasible owing to a number of design constraints. Hence, alternative 2 was selected.

As the existing system losses are on a higher side (25%), reducing the losses and improving the efficiency of the system is identified as an important component under NKUSIP.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile of Davangere

1. Physiography

73. Davangere is located in the south-central part of Karnataka. Geographically, the town is located at a latitude of 14°28′ N and longitude of 75°59′E. It lies in the Bayalu Seeme or the Maidan region on the Deccan Plateau and is bounded by the districts of Shimoga on the south-west, Haveri on the north-west, Bellary on the north-east and Chitradurga on the south east. 74. The town is primarily an educational and commercial centre and is located on Pune-Bangalore NH-4 at a distance of about 260 km from Bangalore. The town extends to an area of 75.02 sq. km and houses more than 364,523 population as per Census 2001. 75. The town is situated at an altitude of 602.5 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL) and the topography generally slopes to the north and west. The ground levels vary from maximum of 618 m at the TV station to a low level of 562 m near the existing STP. The predominant soils in this town are red sandy soil and black cotton soil. The major commercial crops grown in this town are paddy, ragi, jowar, maize, cotton and oil seeds.

2. Seismology

76. As per the seismic zoning map of India, the Davangere town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earth quake risk zone in India. This zone is termed as “low damage risk zone”.

3. Climatic Conditions

77. The town is characterised with hot summer months and low rainfalls during monsoon. The temperature varies from 350C to 380C during summer and from 160C to 200C during winter. Generally, April and May are the hottest months while December to February is the coldest. The following Table 11 shows the mean maximum and minimum temperature recorded in the region. As there was no meteorological observatory present at Davangere, the data presented here is of the observatory located at Gadag, around 100 km north of Davangere. This data is considered as representative data as both the towns are located in the same physiographical zone and also they are closely located. 78. The town experiences southwest monsoon from June to September and the period between the months of October and November can be termed as post

KUIDFC 22 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

monsoon months. The town experiences scanty rainfall and the long term annual average rainfall is 680 mm. The rainfall is confined and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September. The maximum rainfall is registered during the month of September. 79. The region experiences moderate winds; as shown in Error! Reference source not found. the wind blows predominantly from west during May to September while during November and December predominant wind direction is from east. Most of the winds occur in the range of 12 – 19 kmph, however during the period of June to August winds of more than 19 kmph also occur. The following Table 12 shows the climatological details. Table 8. Climatological Characteristics of Davangere Month Maximum Minimum Relative Wind Total Temperature Temperature Humidity Speed Rainfall (O C) (O C) (% ) (kmph) (mm) Jan 30.1 15.2 59.2 6.4 1.5 Feb 32.7 17.4 53.7 6.4 1.1 Mar 35.5 20.0 49.4 5.8 3.8 April 36.8 22.3 52.5 5.6 35.7 May 35.6 22.7 59.2 7.2 79.2 June 31.1 21.8 70.5 10.7 67.2 July 28.8 21.3 77.1 11.2 99.6 Aug 28.3 21.0 78.7 10.2 83.5 Sep 29.6 20.6 74.9 7.5 119.4 Oct 29.9 20.2 72.8 6.9 112.5 Nov 29.3 17.9 68.2 5.7 42.1 Dec 28.9 15.5 63.9 8.2 7.7 Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore

KUIDFC 23 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Source: Meteorological Centre, IMD, Bangalore (1969 – 1987 at Gadag Observatory) Figure 1. Wind Rose Diagram of Davangere (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs)

4. Surface Water

80. Kunduwada Kere (lake) is the most important source of drinking water for the City and an inevitable component in this project proposal. There is another lake near the TV Station which has a good view of sunset and is a popular picnic spot. Bathi Lake, located beside the Bathi Hill and Avaragere Lake are yet other sources of water within the city limits, but with no significant contribution towards the project. 81. Soole kere (Shanthisagara tank) near Davangere is a major water supply source and also second largest pond in Asia. It was built by namesake Princess Shanthi during 12th century. Now it is a water source for both drinking and agriculture.

5. Groundwater

82. Sizable population in Davangere depends on groundwater for the daily water needs. However, the main source of water supply for the town is from the River Tungabhadra and canal systems of the Bhadra Reservoir. But in the unserved areas of the town, the population is dependent on groundwater sources. The groundwater table is the area is deep fluctuating between 30 m and 50 m below ground level. 83. The Ground Water Quality in the district is generally potable and suitable for irrigation and domestic purposes. Electrical conductivity of ground water in

KUIDFC 24 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

general ranges from 584 to 2720 micro mhos /cm at 25 °C (Fig-7). In general ground water is of Carbonate and Bicarbonate type. Fluoride ranges from 0.2mg/l to 2.41 mg/l. Nitrate ranges from 10 to 352 mg/l.

6. Air Quality

84. As there are no major air pollution potential sources, the air quality of the town, in general, is within acceptable limits. Currently, no air quality monitoring stations are in operation within CC limit.

7. Flora and Fauna

85. There are no forest areas within Davangere CC and there are no sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves. 86. The nearest sanctuary is the Ranebennur Blackbuck sanctuary, located at 25 km away from Davangere, which covers an area of about 119 sq. km. Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), wolf (Canis lupus), jackal (C. aureus), porcupine and Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis) are the wild fauna species found here. Since it is located far away from Davangere city, there is no interference of the proposed Investment Program components. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in the city and its surroundings.

8. Socio Economic Characteristics

87. Demography: Davangere has witnessed significant growth in the urban population every decade especially after 1941. The population had increased from 287,233 in 1991 to 363,780 in 2001 indicating a decadal growth rate of 26.65 percent, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.39 percent. 88. Population Density: The population density of Davangere City during 1981-91 was 38.17 percent and there was an insignificant increase by 0.48 percent during 1991-01. This decrease in the population density can be attributed to the increase in the area under CC jurisdiction for providing urban services. In 1991, the CC area was increased by more than 130 percent and in the following year the population density figure was 26.04 percent, which indicates that the CC has enhanced its potential of providing services to more area, covering more population. This also indicates that CC is intending to decongest the densely populated old part of the city. 89. Sex Ratio: The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 of male population) in Davangere is 939, which is lower than the district and state urban average figures of 951 and 940 respectively. In 1991, the sex ratio of the town was 909.

KUIDFC 25 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

90. Economic Base: Earlier, Davangere was considered trade and commerce centre but, now, it is recognized more as an educational centre. Davangere has a large Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) yard that caters to the surrounding towns and villages which mainly deals with cotton, paddy and oil seeds. Due to good connectivity by roads and railway line with other parts of the region, it has become a focal point for trade and commerce. 91. Poverty: There are 44 declared slums in Davangere. These together accounts for 8333 households and a population of 40861.

9. Cultural and Historic Places

92. The town has important historical places like Durgambika temple, Betur, Karanji Mantapa, Bagli, Anekonda, Thomas church and Sulekere which enhances the beauty and importance of the town. 93. There are no monuments or ancient buildings listed by the Archaeological Survey of India in Davangere City or its surroundings

B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites

1. Sewerage

94. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up areas of Davangere City. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. 95. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is mostly selected based on the topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The northeastern and southeastern part of the city drains towards north, through Bettur Nalla, whereas the western and southwestern part drains towards west, through Bathi Tanks and therefore the STP site selected in the northeastern side of the town. The ULB had already identified and acquired land for the purpose near the existing STP at S. S. Mallikarjuna Nagar, where the topography provides for gravity flow till the disposal point. The STP location is shown in Map 5. i) The peak flow for ultimate year is estimated to be 20 MLD. It has been estimated that the land requirement per MLD of the sewage to be treated with Facultative Aerated Lagoon is 0.84 acre. So the total land requirement for the STP Site for the peak flow of 20 MLD for the ultimate year shall be 20 x 0.84 acre. ii) Approximately 23 acres of land is available with the Davangere City Corporation, of which 16 acres have been cleared off any encroachments for the purpose of establishing STP in this location.

KUIDFC 26 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

iii) Topography of the site is predominantly flat. The soil of the site is characterised by black clay/sandy clay. iv) The depth of groundwater table is deep, at around 40 to 50 ft below ground level. Some groundwater extraction points such as bore wells are located with in the vicinity, which are source of water for residents in the S.S.M. layout. v) There is a residential layout in close proximity to the proposed STP and more layouts are being planned and constructed in the same location. These layouts mainly houses low income groups of people such as the beedi workers. Hence, the location of the proposed STP may pose a threat to the health and well being of the people. vi) Site is bound by agricultural fields to its western side. Due to non- availability of irrigation facilities only rain fed crops are cultivated here. Ragi and maize are the main crops cultivated in the area. vii) The site has proper access; a road passes adjacent to the site. A small nalla which is presently draining waste water to the Bettur Nalla flows through the western boundary of the proposed STP site. The Bettur Nalla joins River Tungabhadra further downstream to the north of proposed STP site. In the present proposal, the treated effluent from STP is proposed to be discharged in to this stream.

KUIDFC 27 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Map 5. Location of Proposed STP Site

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

2. Water Supply

96. Additional intake of water from River Tungabhadra at Rajanahalli headworks by installing new raw water vertical pumpsets of 1000 HP (2 no.s) and transformers is the source improvement proposal made under NKUSIP in Davangere. There are no significant effects on the environment along the bank of River Tungabhadra due to installation of these pumps. 97. Developing Kundawada Lake as an impounding Reservoir: The existing drawl of water from River Tungabhadra will be increased to improve water supply in the City and moreover, Kundawada Lake shall be developed as a fresh water reservoir for storing water to cater city’s summer demand. There are no significant environmental sensitive issues along the intake point or near the Kundawada Lake. 98. Laying of New Raw Water Pumping Main from Y- Junction to Kundawada Lake: This will involve laying of pipeline for 6.38 km length. Landuse along major part of the alignment is agricultural and residential. 99. Enhancement of capacity of existing WTP at Bathi, adjacent to the existing one involves addition of filter unit of 20 MLD and Clear Water Reservoir of 1.5 ML, in order to meet the ultimate year demand of water treatment.

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

100. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact. 101. Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts. i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production. iv) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues. 102. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). The following table shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact. 103. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. STP location is very close to residential layouts and even with provision for development of a

KUIDFC 30 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

buffer zone along the site boundary, serious impacts on existing environment or surroundings may be anticipated. In the proposed water supply scheme laying of new raw water pipe line has been suggested from Y-junction to Kundawada Lake. The proposed pipeline is not passing through any environmentally sensitive areas. The units of the proposed WTP at Bathi are adjacent to the existing WTP, which again does not raise any environmental concerns. Table 9. Screening of Impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact) Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S) Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P 104. The following tables provide the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of all components proposed under NKUSIP in Davangere. Table 10. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Location impacts Contamination of N/P N/a N/a N/a groundwater resources due to This may not leaching of aerated be significant lagoon. as the groundwater table is deep at around 40 to 50 ft. Loss of amenity and S/P Development of Davangere CC Part of Design odor nuisance to physical separation costs neighbors due to Residential and visual screen proposed STP. areas are around the facility located at in may reduce this close impact on the near proximity to by communities. A the site. New buffer zone in the layouts are form of landscaping also being and earthwork shall planned and be created around constructed in the STP as a the same safeguard. location. Design Impacts Discharge of N/P The sewage retention Davangere CC Part of Design partially treated period shall be fixed costs sewage will have The treated considering seasonal potential to pollute sewage may be climatic variations. the agricultural used for The effluent from the fields. irrigation. STP shall be However, this confirmed to the may not be following standards

KUIDFC 31 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing significant as of discharge for treatment will inland surface water be designed to disposal: meet inland • BOD < 20 mg/l surface water • Suspended discharge solids < 30 mg/l standards which is stringer than irrigation standards. Nuisance due to N/P Regular maintenance Davangere CC Part of Design leakage / will nullify the costs overflowing of impact. Usage of sewers. appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time. Nuisance due to M/P Development of Davangere CC Part of Design mosquito breeding physical separation costs and bad odours from Residential and visual screen STP. areas are around the facility located at in will also address this close impact to a certain proximity to extend. A buffer zone the site. New in the form of layouts are landscaping and also being earthwork shall be planned and created around the constructed in STP. To avoid/reduce the same mosquito breeding, location. the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc. Pollution due to M/P Safe sludge handling Davangere CC Part of O & M improper sludge methods shall be costs disposal methods. Quantity of employed. Personal Sludge removal from sludge protection equipment Preparation of the ponds may be generation such as gloves, boots, sludge done once for every 2 will not be shall be provided to management or 3 years, considerable. the workers. Sludge plan (consultant depending on the Contaminated shall be dried in time: one sludge generation. work area drying beds before its person week) may cause disposal in low-lying health areas. hazards. A sludge management plan shall be prepared. Construction Impacts

KUIDFC 32 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Inconvenience to M/T During construction Head Part of access business, period, planks / Contractor construction residential and other The access for makeshift pathways cost. immediate facilities business and should be provided for the public and other facilities along the impact on livelihood along the construction areas die to loss of access proposed for the public to to business. sewer laning access their areas will be requirements for disturbed residential, shopping during and other facilities. construction period. Inconvenience to M/T Construction should Head public during sewer be expedited in the Contractor laying along thick Reduced least time frame. commercial areas pedestrian and and narrow streets; vehicle access Activities requiring where public to residences maximum access facilities are located. and businesses control should be done during non peak hours.

Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.

Traffic management Davangere CC with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards. Nuisance due to dust M/T Construction Head Part of and noise; road material shall be Contractor construction blocking due to Dust stockpiled to costs laying of sewer generation may minimize traffic network; and, be significant blockages. In case of increased traffic flow as the dry excavations for due to vehicle weather sewer lines in busy movement for condition streets such as construction prevails in the central areas of the activities. town. town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper sign board shall be

KUIDFC 33 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing provided. PMU, Considering the Davangere CC market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Dust and noise from M/T Construction Head Part of construction of STP material shall be Contractor/Dav construction and Sewer stockpiled. Adequate angere CC cost lying/rehabilitation network will arrangements for of sewer network be laid all over traffic diversions activities. the town including erection of including high proper sign boards. density areas. Dust generation As far as must be arrested by laying of water spraying. sewer network Ensure usage of is considered, standard equipment the dust and to reduce the noise noise nuisance nuisance. Equipment may be shall comply with considerable the noise levels of in the core construction town area and equipment laid out in all other by the CPCB. High areas it may noise generating be negligible. activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of

KUIDFC 34 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any

A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Improper disposal of M/P Bituminous waste Head Part of Bituminous waste top be disposed in Contractor construction approved waste costs disposal sites. Improper handling N/T Excess soil shall be Head Part of of excess soil disposed in low Contractor/Dav Construction laying areas other angere CC Cost. than water bodies O & M Impacts Chances for Ground N/P The proposed STP Davangere CC Part of water contamination will be completely Construction due to proximity to No significant lined on its walls and Cost. STP site and health contamination floor. So the risk due to of ground infiltration of water abstraction of water is will be negligible. polluted ground envisaged due water through bore to the The ground water wells by the people proposed STP. table is at a depth of residing near the STP 40-50 ft; hence the Site chances of it being polluted are feeble.

Proposed water supply improvements may lead to reduced ground water exploitation in the area.

KUIDFC 35 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing The Davangere CC should take adequate preventive measures regarding the infiltration of sewage due to the unlined existing STP. Mixing of Industrial M/P Waste water with Treatment The rules and KSPCB and Part of O&M sewage process in the regulation will be Davangere CC Cost down stream strictly implemented will be to avoid mixing of significantly industrial waste affected stream with sewage. Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases Odour nuisance due M/P Buffer zone in the Davangere CC Part of O & M to STP form of landscaping costs This impact may be Residential and earthwork shall considered as areas are be created and well medium since the located at in maintained around proposed STP unit close the site. O&M of STP will be provided with proximity to will be conducted aerators which will the site. New regularly to reduce ease the layouts are odour problems to biodegradation also being the neighbours. process within lagoon planned and and there by reduce constructed in odour problems and the same also the proposed location. buffer zone around the site will reduce the impact on nearest habitations. Potential pollution of N/P Ensure the following Davangere CC N/a. stream/agricultural effluent discharge fields due to As the STP is standards for stream inadequate designed for discharge: treatment. stream discharge • BOD < 20 mg/l standards, the • Suspended impact may be solids < 30 mg/l minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.

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Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Pollution and health M/P Safe sludge handling Davangere CC Part of O & M hazards due to methods shall be costs improper sludge Quantity of employed - Personal disposal methods sludge protection equipment generation will such as gloves, boots, not be shall be provided. considerable. Sludge shall be dried Contaminated in drying beds before work area may its disposal. This cause health sludge may be used hazards. as manure for non- food crops or land filled.

Sludge Management Plan shall be implemented. Nuisance due to N/P Implement the Davangere CC Part of overflowing/chokin No major mitigation measures Construction g of sewers. water bodies suggested in the Cost. and ground design stage to avoid water is very chocking. deep. Sewer cleaning However equipments have nuisance may been provided be considered.

Sludge Management Plan 105. A detailed sludge management plan will be prepared as part of the DPR for the project and it shall be ensured by the ULB that it will be implemented during the operation phase of the project. 106. Sludge is to be removed from the STP once in about two years. Sludge drying bed is provided for the drying of sludge. Sludge that is drawn to the beds will contain 4 -10% solids depending upon the type of sludge. 107. Wet sludge will be applied to the beds to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed, the bed will be raked and leveled. Sludge will never be discharged on a bed containing dried or partially dried sludge. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed. 108. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer. Some part of the sludge will be used in the plant itself for gardening, lawns, etc., to demonstrate its fertilizer value and to develop a market value for the digested and dried sludge. 109. Records of operation of sludge drying beds will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn to each bed, the depth of loading, the depth of sludge after

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drying time, and the quantity of dried sludge removed. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Likewise the moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analysed and recorded. 110. Sludge handling workers’ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.

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Table 11. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Water Supply Rehabilitation Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing Location impacts Since the location N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. of rehabilitation works will be at existing facilities, and the existing environment is not a sensitive environment, no location-specific impacts are envisaged. Design Impacts Since the location N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. of rehabilitation works will be at existing facilities, and the existing environment is a built environment, no design-specific impacts are envisaged. Structural and S/P The design shall seismic stability of The failure of the incorporate seismicity storage reservoir storage structures of the place and all and new WTP is to can be other safety factors. be ensured for the catastrophic. All care shall be taken safety of people to ensure a safe and working in and structurally sound living around these construction. structures. Construction Impacts Alignment of new N/T Since the pumping raw water The pipeline will main is laid only pumping main be laid only along along the road, along the Y- the road. environmentally Junction to sensitive issues are Kundawada Lake. not anticipated. Construction of M/P Since the new WTP is new WTP at Bathi to be constructed near the existing one, environmental issues will be negligible. Inconvenience to M/T During construction Head Contractor Part of access business, period, planks / construction residential and The access for makeshift pathways cost. other immediate business and should be provided facilities for the other facilities along the construction public and impact along the areas for the public to on livelihood die to proposed pipe access their

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Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing loss of access to laying areas will requirements for business. be disturbed residential, shopping during and other facilities. construction period. Inconvenience to M/T Construction should Head Contractor public during Reduced be expedited in the pipeline laying pedestrian and least time frame. along thick vehicle access to commercial areas residences and Activities requiring and narrow streets; businesses. maximum access where public control should be facilities are done during non peak located. hours.

Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.

Traffic management Davangere CC with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards. Head Contractor Trenching and pipe laning along the traffic routes will be planned and integrated to avoid retrenching / modifying trench during pipe laying along the same lane. Noise from M/T Concrete roads where Head Part of construction of As the proposed trenching is done Contractor/Dava construction WTP and laying/ WTP is located through Pneumatic ngere CC cost new raw water away from the drilling will be pumping main city limits, the provided with fencing from Y-Junction to dust and noise to avoid noise and air Kundawada Lake. nuisance may be pollution. negligible. Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards.

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Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing

Dust generation must be arrested by water spraying. Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of the nature and schedule of loud noise generating activities, if any.

A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors are to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Improper disposal M/P Bituminous waste top Head Contractor Part of of Bituminous be disposed in construction waste. approved waste costs disposal sites. Stockpiling of M/T The excavated soil Head Contractor Part of excavated soil should be removed construction creating dust Inconvenience for from construction costs emission during public travel. area at the earliest for windy weather beneficial reuse such and also during as land raising /

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Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing transportation for filling of excavated reusing. Plying of Chances of areas. lorries transporting accidents for soil during peak motorists due to Soil should be hours through dust emission covered with narrow/heavy from uncovered tarpaulin sheets traffic routes. lorries. during transportation.

Traffic congestion Soil transportation in narrow/busy should not be done corridors. during peak hours and should be avoided on narrow and heavy traffic routes, important religious or tourist sites etc. Improper handling N/T Excess soil should not Head Part of of excess soil. be piled up along the Contractor/ Construction construction areas Davangere CC Cost. and shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies. Rain / ground M/T Trenching and pipe Head Contractor Part of water collection in laying should be Construction excavated areas. planned to be Cost. completed in seasons other than monsoon.

If ground water is collected in trenches, the water should be pumped out and opportunities for channeling to agricultural fields for irrigation should be sought. Economic benefits M/T Contractor should Head Contractor if local people are Sourcing of local employ at least 50% of / Davangere CC employed in employers will workforce from local Contractor’s give employment communities. workforce. opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of labourers from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc.

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Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing Risk for workers M/T Health and Safety Head Contractor and public due to plan should be accidents at site. prepared and implemented at site and workers should be trained for safe working practices, using of machineries and immediate response during emergencies.

Construction area should be properly isolated with temporary fencing to avoid damage to public property and life.

Construction workers should be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments and it should be made compulsory to wear them during working hours. Loss of trees N/P No tree cutting is Davangere CC during pipe laying. envisaged; each tree and Head lost should be Contractor. replaced with two trees. The plantation should be done at the onset of monsoon immediately after completing the construction along the identified corridor. Saplings should be provided with protective fencing and survival should be ensured by Contractor with monitoring Davangere CC Inconvenience to M/T Project activities Davangere CC, tourists due to Impact on tourist should be planned Head Contractor. construction near movement will with due care to avoid tourist destinations affect local tourist seasons. or main tourist economy. transport corridors.

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Impact Significance of Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Description the Impact Responsibility Costing Impact on public M/T The impacts on Head Contractor Part of due to destruction utilities will be construction of public utilities repaired and restored cost such as water in the least time frame pipes, electric / with the support of telephone lines etc. concerned authorities. Operation Impacts Disposal of wash M/P The parameters of the Davangere CC Part of O & water and sludge Possible pollution disposed wash water M Costs from the Water of nearby water will be strictly Treatment Plant sources. monitored at the into nearby outlet and if nallas/drains. necessary, it will be diluted before releasing into the nallas/drains. Recurrence of M/T The leak detection Davangere CC Part of O & pipe bursting and and water auditing M Costs leakage problems. The existing surveys shall be system losses are conducted. The around 15 %. leakage rectification time shall be minimized. Inconvenience to N/T Network repair will Davangere CC Part of O&M public due to be conducted in a Cost. noise, dust, time bound manner vibration and by deploying more impeding access labour force. for short term Public will be during network facilitated with make repair where shift pathways for public facilities important facilities if are located. the repair takes long time. Inconvenience to M/T Silt and debris shall Davangere CC Part of O&M public due to Silt and debris be collected in trucks Cost. improper disposal removed from and transported to the of silt and debris trenches will Municipal Solid removed from cause nuisance to Waste Disposal Site trenches. public, if not and shall be used as disposed covering material for immediately. the waste being landfilled.

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V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A. Institutional Requirements

111. Nodal Executing Agency (EA): Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director at the Regional office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring Investment Program implementation activities. The Executive Director at Regional Offices are Supported By Divisional Program Offices headed by Divisional Program Director, located at 4 geographical Regions; Gulbarga, Bellary, Dharwad and Belgaum. The consultant team will be under the Divisional Programme Director and will be involved in project planning, preparation of subproject and cost estimates, co ordination, technical guidance ans supervision, financial control, training and overall subproject management. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the PMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore. 112. A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC has been constituted and Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when needed. The committee members include Additional Chief Secretary (Committee Chair), MD of KUIDFC (Committee Secretary), Principal Secretary of the Urban Development Department, Principal Secretary of Planning Department, Secretary for municipalities and urban development authorities of Urban Development Department, secretary for expenditure of the finance department and director of Directorate of Municipal Administration. 113. Implementing Agency (IA): The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The programme component A, B, E will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Under the component B, for bulk water supply, Karnataka urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) will be acting

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on behalf of ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Slum upgradation will be done through Karnataka Slum Clearance Board reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component D will be implemented through co ordination of Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component F will be implemented through DMA and or KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director and Component G through KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director. 114. Other than the above institutional setup, District Level Programme Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The District Level Programme Steering Committee shall consist of Deputy Commissioner of District, Divisional Program Director from concerned divisional office, Municipal Commissioners’ / Chief Officers of Investment programme ULB and President / Chair of investment programme ULB. The District Level Programme Steering Committee will be reporting to Executive Programme Director. The organization hierarchy is as presented in Figure 2.

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Executing Agency .

A state level Empowered Program Director

Committee for investment (MD of KUIDFC) Program

Executive Director at Technical Regional Office, Dharwad. Admin Finance Social

Divisional Program Director (4 Divisional Program Office

at Bellary, Dharwad, District Level Gulbarga & Belgaum Programme Steering Committee

Consultant

Implementing Agency

KUWSDB ULB Karnataka Slum Karnataka State Fire & DMA / KUIDFC Clearance Board Emergency Services, KUIDFC The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB

Water Supply Bulk Water Slum Lake Development, Institutional Investment Sewerage Supply Clearance Fire Fighting Development Program

Drainage Assistance

Component A - Sanitation (Sewerage & Drainage) Component B – Water Supply Component C – Slum Improvement Component D – Non Municipal Infrastructure Component E - Urban Transportation Component F – Institutional Development Component G - Investment Program Assistance

Figure 2. NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy

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115. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The responsibilities of the IA shall include (i) carrying out detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs of individual infrastructure components; (ii) tendering, evaluating bids and awarding works, contract administration, supervision and quality control; (iii) measuring works carried out by the contractors and certifying payments; (iv) conducting public awareness campaigns and participation programs, (v) carrying out environmental assessments; (vi) obtaining all statutory environmental and other clearances as applicable for each sub-project; and (vii) preparing monthly reports. The Investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all the aforesaid activities; in the case of other IAs, the PC shall proof check designs and quality check construction quality. 116. Thus, the responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The Investment Program Consultants will assist the ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval. 117. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the Contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB (itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants) as specified in the IEE.

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Table 12. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Details Responsible Program Agency Phase

Pre Investment Program Conduct Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for each sub- ULB construction Categorization components using REA checklists phase Reviewing the REA and assigning Investment Program category PMU (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the Investment Program categorization Investment Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Program Preparation of SIEE/SEIA Consultants Investment Program Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other ULB clearances Government Agencies Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance PMU of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available ULB to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available. Incorporation of Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA Investment mitigation measures into in Investment Program design and in contract documents. Program Investment Program Consultants design Review of design Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of PMU documents mitigation measures Construction Implementation of Implementation of necessary mitigation measures Contractor Phase mitigation measures Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during Investment construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation Program measures Consultants Preparation of progress Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU ULB in reports including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures assistance of

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Investment Activity Details Responsible Program Agency Phase PC Review of progress PMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB PMU reports review Operation Environmental Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the ULB Stage Monitoring environmental monitoring plan.

Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of KSPCB sub-project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan

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B. Training Needs

118. As described in the above table the PMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADB’s environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the following training program is suggested. The following table presents the suggested training program. Table 13. Training Needs (2008 – 2016) Description Contents Schedule Participants Program 1 Module 1 – Orientation 2 days • PMU Orientation Program • Investment Program Cycle officials / Workshop for and of NKUSIP involved in Implementing • ADBs Environmental the Agency and Assessment Guidelines Investment Executing Agency • EA requirements of NKUSIP Program • Indian Environmental Laws • ULB officials & Regulations relating to involved in urban infrastructure Investment Investment Program Program implementat • Environmental impacts of ion urban infrastructure Investment Programs

Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process • Investment Program categorization as per ADB • IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports • Identification of Environmental Impacts • Identification Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental Management Plan • Implementation and

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Description Contents Schedule Participants Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements • Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts Program - 2 Module 1 Implementation of 1 day • Contractors Orientation Program Mitigation Measures involved in / Workshop for • Environmental issues NKUSIP Contractors and related urban infrastructure • Supervisory Supervisory staff Investment Programs staff of ULB during construction • Implementation of mitigation measures • Monitoring of implementation Program - 3 Module – Experiences and Best 1 day • PMU Experience Sharing Practices (every officials • Experiences on alternative • ULB officials implementation in terms of year from environmental concerns of the start of • Local NGOs implemented Investment Investment Programs Program, i.e. • Best Practices followed 2008)

C. Environmental Monitoring Plans

119. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for sub-project components in Davangere. The monitoring program has been developed based on the impacts identified on various environmental parameters in the earlier section.

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Table 14. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before PMU mitigation measures - Incorporation of signing of the contract mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents All designs of components include proper N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final Program consideration of environment (i.e., water and air design phase Consultants (PC) quality, noise pollution, sludge management) Design of occupational safety measures N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final PC design phase Training programs for staff by consultants N.A. As needed before and PC during implementation Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate Sewer pipes and Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly once as part of ULB with the monitoring of gas may not be possible due to Manholes network Plant operation assistance of distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be Program designed considering worker/s safety. consultants All location and design related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU/ULB/ measures to mitigate loss of amenity and measures in the design including air designs Program nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate dispersion modeling for STP site. consultants design of process and layout is required. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB wastewater to farmers for irrigation and usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture B. Construction Stage Monitoring Monitoring of water quality of the nallah flowing STP site One time grab sampling once Contractor/ adjacent to the STP site. PMU/ULB/PC

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility All construction related mitigation measures; N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU Construction site management plan to control measures in the contract documents contract document dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks Verification of contract documents before signing the contract Implementation of Construction site Sewer laying Monitoring of air quality and noise Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise nuisance at sites and is not required. The implementation ULB with the site; and traffic maintenance surroundings of mitigation measures (usage of assistance of standard equipment complying with Investment CPCB Noise Standards for Program construction equipments) and Consultants assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured. Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ raising, infill) PMU/ULB/PC Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ transported on trucks PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of narrow local roads when From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ transporting soil PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of transporting soil during peak From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ traffic periods PMU/ULB/PC Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ dry weather PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in the dry All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ season PMU/ULB/PC Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ provide to farmers PMU/ULB/PC Leaving spaces for access between mounds of Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ soil PMU/ULB/PC Provision for planks/walkways to allow people Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility & vehicles to cross open trenches PMU/ULB/PC Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and maintenance of two trees for All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ every one removed PMU/ULB/PC *Compensation for businesses for lost income Wherever Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ required PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ work quickly PMU/ULB/PC Advance information to shopkeepers and Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ residents of work PMU/ULB/PC Confirmation of location of infrastructure and Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ avoid these sites PMU/ULB/PC Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ sides of roads PMU/ULB/PC Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ same time PMU/ULB/PC Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ when required PMU/ULB/PC Proper planning for transport routes to avoid Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, PMU/ULB/PC religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and main festival/tourism season PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ buildings at risk from vibration PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ proper maintenance as specified PMU/ULB/PC

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Consultation with authorities, custodians of Network sites Site observations; CC records; Monthly Contractor/ buildings, communities to address key issues resident surveys PMU/ULB/PC and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a site H&S All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Plan (safety of workers/public) PMU/ULB/PC Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Equipment PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Health and Safety training for all All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ personnel PMU/ULB/PC Following of documented procedures for all site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ activities PMU/ULB/PC Maintenance of accident reports and records All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce from All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ communities near sites PMU/ULB/PC C. Operation Stage Monitoring Baseline water quality Nallah flowing Water quality testing for parameters Monthly once as part of ULB adjacent to the such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Plant operation STP coliforms, etc. Clogging of drains Sewer network Proper maintenance with periodical Monthly once as part of ULB sites cleaning or scrapping of drains or Plant operation de-silting/de-weeding, etc. Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly once as part of ULB monitoring network Plant operation Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage STP and Sewer Proper operation and Maintenance Regular/routine –daily ULB System network of the Sewerage and STP system. maintenance Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility covered or compost them. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site. Check for contamination of ground water - - ULB /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality Inlet of STP Analysis of Wastewater Monthly characteristics including heavy once as part metals such as Mercury (as Hg), of Plant Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), operation Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni) ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater Seasonal (four seasons) as ULB discharge point of STP characteristics to comply with PCB third party monitoring disposal standards: BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB Check for health hazards due to sludge handling -Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Emergency plan for Power supply management Pumping Under emergency situations such as Whenever there is power ULB to minimize risks on the receiving waters Station and STP power failure in the pumping (regular supply) failure stations, diesel operated generators have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained. Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB and effectively Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB land Advance information of work to shopkeepers Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB and residents Provision of walkways/planks for public and Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB vehicles Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB near fragile buildings Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB Consultation with communities to avoid Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB working during sensitive periods Preparation and operation of H&S plan to All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB protect workers and citizens Economic benefits to local people - STP workers STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB should be residents of neighbouring areas KUIDFC 58 WSAPL

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years ULB STP effluent Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years ULB Survey of public health and incidence of water CC area Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years ULB borne disease

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Table 15. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Water Supply Rehabilitation Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Monitoring to be Monitored Responsibility A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before PMU mitigation measures - Incorporation of signing of the contract mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents All designs of components include proper N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final Program consideration of environment (i.e., water and air design phase Consultants (PC) quality, noise pollution, sludge management) Awareness training for construction workers N.A. Verification of contract documents As needed during PMU involved in project implementation implementation Training programs for WTP staff by consultants N.A. Verification of contract documents As needed before and PC during implementation B. Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation measures; Water pipe Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU Construction site management plan to control laying sites measures in the contract documents contract document dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks Verification of contract documents before signing the contract Implementation of Construction site Water pipe Monitoring of air quality and noise Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise nuisance at laying sites is not required. The implementation ULB with the site; and traffic maintenance of mitigation measures (usage of assistance of standard equipment complying with Investment CPCB Noise Standards for Program construction equipments) and Consultants assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured. Conduction of all excavation work in the dry All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ season PMU/ULB/PC Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided Water pipe Site observations Weekly Contractor/ laying sites PMU/PC Plantation and maintenance of two trees for N.A. Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/

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Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Monitoring to be Monitored Responsibility every one removed PMU/ULB/PC *Compensation for businesses for lost income Wherever Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ required PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ work quickly laying sites PMU/PC Advance information to shopkeepers and Water pipe Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ residents of work laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite Water pipe Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ sides of roads laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at Water pipe Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ same time laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Work conduction during light traffic Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions if Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ required laying sites PMU/ULB/PC / Traffic Police Proper planning for transport routes to avoid Water pipe Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, laying sites PMU/ULB/PC religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and main festival/tourism season laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near Water pipe Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ buildings at risk from vibration laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ proper maintenance as specified laying sites PMU/ULB/PC Consultation with authorities, custodians of Water pipe Site observations; CC records; Monthly Contractor/ buildings, communities to address key issues laying sites resident surveys PMU/ULB/PC and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Plan (safety of workers/public) laying sites PMU/PC Exclusion of public from the site Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ laying sites PMU/ULB/PC KUIDFC 61 WSAPL

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters Location Monitoring Method Frequency Monitoring to be Monitored Responsibility Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Equipment laying sites PMU/PC Provision for Health and Safety training for all Water pipe CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ personnel laying sites PMU/PC Following of documented procedures for all site Water pipe Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ activities laying sites PMU/PC Maintenance of accident reports and records Water pipe CC records Monthly Contractor/ laying sites PMU/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce from Water pipe CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ communities near sites laying sites PMU/ULB/PC C. Operation Stage Monitoring Detection and repairing of blockage and leakage Water pipe Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB problems of pipelines ,thus reducing losses laying sites Advance information of maintenance work along Water pipe Resident surveys As and when needed ULB the distribution network to shopkeepers and laying sites residents Provision of walkways/planks for public and Water pipe Site observation; resident survey As and when needed ULB vehicles during maintenance of the distribution laying sites network. Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary, Water pipe Site observations As and when needed ULB during maintenance of the distribution network. laying sites Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles Water pipe Site observations As and when needed ULB near fragile buildings during maintenance of the laying sites distribution network. Preparation and operation of H&S plan to All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB protect workers and citizens Economic benefits to local people - WTP workers WTP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB should be residents of neighbouring areas

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

120. A two tier consultation process was adopted for NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were conducted with the Governmental Departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board, Davangere CC, etc. After the consultations with Davangere CC, the Commissioner has certified that the proposals for Davangere suit the requirements of the ULB. The certificates are presented as Appendix 3. 121. Public consultation involved focus group discussions which were conducted on 13.04.’10. The people residing along the project activity areas were consulted during topographical surveys and site visits and due discussions were made regarding the proposals. It was observed that people are willing to extend their co operation as the proposed activities are supposed to enhance the living standard of the public. The public expressed their concern regarding the traffic management activities during the construction stage which can have impact on their day to day activities. Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintenance system in place for the proposed sewer network for its best

functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits. 122. Discussions were carried out with the houses located at the nearest vicinity of the proposed STP Site, which is close to the already existing oxidation pond- based STP. 123. There is a residential layout named Ashraya Layout in close proximity to the STP site. This layout houses around 1600 residents who belong to low-income groups and have been provided these shelters through the fund of Member of Parliament of the area. It was established in the year 2001; in the same year, land of 51.4 acres including the proposed STP site was acquired by ULB for the same purpose. At the same time, an oxidation pond based STP was also set up in the same area. Hence ultimately the existing and proposed STP sites have fallen very close to the residential dwellings. 124. A new residential layout for the beedi workers have been approved and is

KUIDFC 63 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

being constructed next to the STP site. This layout is being funded with the support of Government of India and aim at providing proper dwelling for low- income groups like the beedi workers. 125. The residents were already concerned with the problems arising due to the presence of the existing STP and they complained about the following issues: i) During the monsoon, the sewage water from the oxidation pond of existing STP tends to seep through the floors of the houses in the vicinity, thus making the lives of the residents miserable. This may be due to two reasons, namely, the level difference between the oxidation pond and the floor level of the houses, of which the latter is at a lower level and also due to the unlined walls and bottom of the ponds. ii) Odour nuisance is a major concern for the residents, which has a larger impact on the amenity of people living in the area. iii) Since the operation and maintenance of the existing STP is almost nil, mosquito breeding is yet another threat faced by the people living in this area. Frequent health issues and resulting hospitalization is turning out to be expensive for such a low-income group of people. 126. The issues raised during Public Consultation and the mitigation measures incorporated in design and IEE and presented in Table 24. Table 16. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Davangere. Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus Mitigation Measures Group Discussion 1. A newly proposed STP will The proposed STP is an FAL based STP increase the misery of residents which will not add to the misery of the who are already suffering due to residents living in the vicinity. Forced an existing one. aeration will enable the faster degradation of sewage thus reducing the odour menace.

The lagoons will have concrete lined walls and floors which will prevent any seepage of the sewage.

Regular operation and maintenance will ensure the capacity of the proposed STP and also the STP site will be maintained hygienically to prevent mosquito breeding and vector outburst. 2. Does the proposed STP have The lagoons in the proposed STP are open. open ponds like the existing But unlike the existing STP where it has one? oxidation pond, the new STP will have aerating systems. This will ensure faster faster degradation of the sewage.

KUIDFC 64 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus Mitigation Measures Group Discussion 3. In the absence of regular and Davangere CC is responsible for regular long term operation and operation and maintenance of STP by maintenance system for STP, this allotting workers for sewer maintenance and area with 2 STPs of 20 MLD may STP operation through a qualified turn into a garbage dumping contractor. ground for the Davangere city. As specified in the contract document, the contractor will be responsible for operation and maintenance of the STP for one month after construction of STP, during which the staff of CC will be trained for safe operational practices of STP. There after the CC workers will be skilled to handle the system independently.

Hence, there is no possibility for lagging in regular and long term maintenance of sewage system and to have adverse impact on public. 4. Odour, mosquito, noise nuisance The FAL based STP will not pose odour and health risk to the public with nuisance as provision for forced aeration for stagnation of sewage in the fast degradation of pollutants are proposed STP. incorporated as part of STP.

There will not be stagnation of sewage in any of the systems in STP; there is least possibility for anaerobic conditions within STP units and resultant fowl smell from the system. As the sewage is continuously flowing and aerated in the STP units; hence mosquito breeding is also not envisaged within STP units.

The STP area will be kept hygienically, cleared off grass and weeds such that there won’t be any mosquito or flies breeding from the site.

Provision of Visual Screens and landscaping has been integrated as a part of STP which will effectively control the nuisance to the immediate surrounding. 5. Over flowing of Sewage and The proposed sewer networks are polluting agricultural lands and adequately sized to meet the projected affecting livelihood of public. sewage flow from city limit.

KUIDFC 65 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus Mitigation Measures Group Discussion Sewer lines will be cleaned regularly and the sewer cleaning equipments will be supplied during the project implementation stage.

STP units are adequately sized to handle the sewage reaching the site. Further, DG back up will be provided for STP such that treatment unit will be operational round the clock; hence there is no possibility for overflowing of sewage from STP.

127. The proposed STP site being close to the residential areas, the people are apprehensive about the negative impact it may bring to them. Since the existing STP, which is nil maintained and posing serious health and amenity issues, public have a negative perception on installing another STP in the same location based on their experience with existing one. Though the people were thoroughly explained about the mechanized system of aeration and also about the long term operation and maintenance policy, they were not fully convinced. They still preferred the idea of shifting the STP- both existing and proposed, to a distant location.

KUIDFC 66 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

128. Based on the screening of environmental impacts, all the proposed sub-project components, in Davangere are found to be environmentally acceptable and therefore able to proceed to the implementation phase. In most cases, particular environmental issues identified are those that are typical for the type of component, and a range of proven mitigation strategies exist to address them. Table 25 indicates the environmental consideration of the proposed infrastructure components. Table 17. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components Infrastructure Environmental Impact Issue Environmental Component Mitigations Sewage treatment • Sludge handling and disposal Appropriate mitigation plant and sewerage • Construction and operation measures as suggested upgradation impacts Water Supply • No significant issues Appropriate mitigation Rehabilitation • Construction and operation measures as suggested impacts 129. But there are certain safeguards issues arising due to the proximity of the proposed STP Site to residential areas and this may pose risks to the well being of the neighbourhood. 130. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to most of the components, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include: i) Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts at the STP). ii) Health Risk Plan (to address the health related impacts of the STP workers and Sanitary workers) 131. These activity plans should be prepared by the ULB associated by Investment Program Consultant as compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the CC as facility operator, as required ‘Work Practices’.

KUIDFC 67 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

B. Recommendations

132. It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the implementation of those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town/region as a whole, no major impacts envisaged from any of the proposed sub-component Investment Programs in Davangere. In view of this importance, the PMU is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP.

KUIDFC 68 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

133. It may be emphasized that, owning to: (i) scale of activity, (ii) location of the proposed sub-project component, and (iii) ‘no environmental sensitivity’ of the sub-project town, none of the components required to go through the process of EIA. It may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required.

KUIDFC 69 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDICES

KUIDFC i WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist SEWAGE TREATMENT

Instructions:

‰ This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

‰ This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

‰ This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

‰ Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Urban Development Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. Project Siting

Is the project area… ƒ Densely populated? √

ƒ Heavy with development activities? √

ƒ Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

• Cultural heritage site √

• Protected Area √

• Wetland √

• Mangrove √

• Estuarine √

• Buffer zone of protected area √

• Special area for protecting biodiversity √

• Bay √

KUIDFC ii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause… ƒ Impairment of historical/cultural √ There are no monuments/ monuments/areas and loss/damage to these historical sites in the nearby sites? surroundings of the project area. ƒ Interference with other utilities and blocking of √ During the construction stage of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas underground sewer lines, traffic due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, and human activities will be etc.? temporarily interfered along with pollution due to dust generation and noise due to operation of construction machineries. Traffic management plan with proper sign boards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up have been suggested. ƒ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people √ No land acquisition is required for project implementation so there is no resettlement of people. ƒ Impairment of downstream water quality due to √ The proposed system is inadequate sewage treatment or release of designed to meet the discharge untreated sewage? norms of Inland Surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that the STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and also no industrial waste / effluents should discharge to sewer lines which will affect treatment. ƒ Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties √ Periodic maintenance of sewer with raw sewage? lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties. ƒ Environmental pollution due to inadequate √ It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges sludge disposal has to be illegally disposed in sewers? carried out once in 2 to 3 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Davangere CC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged to the sewer lines.

KUIDFC iii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil √ It is suggested in EMP that all works? construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. ƒ Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, √ It is suggested in EMP that resulting in damage to sewer system and danger Davangere CC has to ensure to workers? that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged in to sewer lines. ƒ Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and √ Buffer zone with screens and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other landscaping is suggested to possible nuisances, and protect facilities? provide proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings. ƒ Social conflicts between construction workers √ The local labour force will be from other areas and community workers? utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. ƒ Road blocking and temporary flooding due to √ Road blocking and Traffic re land excavation during the rainy season? routing will be required during construction stage of sewer .lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the project. ƒ Noise and dust from construction activities? √ It is suggested in the EMP that all the construction machineries should comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Sprinkling of water should be done along the construction area for dust suppression. ƒ Traffic disturbances due to construction material √ Traffic management with re transport and wastes? routing of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material / waste transport. ƒ Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ The construction waste water will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate water quality of discharging courses.

KUIDFC iv WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Hazards to public health due to overflow √ Regular maintenances of sewer flooding, and groundwater pollution due to line have to be carried out to failure of sewerage system? avoid over flow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for groundwater pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (30-50 feet ) ƒ Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate √ Sludge from the bottom of FAL sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated has to be removed at regular sewage water? intervals (normally once in 2-3 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and there by deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. ƒ Contamination of surface and ground waters due √ Sludge should be disposed off to sludge disposal on land? only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geosynthetic lining such that it will not leach to the nearby water courses / land and pollute environment. ƒ Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic √ Mixing of hazardous / gases and hazardous materials which may be industrial effluents with sewage contained in sewage flow and exposure to may result in toxic gas pathogens in sewage and sludge? formation in sewer and STP which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided protective measures such as boots, masks etc to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge.

KUIDFC v WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist WATER SUPPLY

Instructions:

‰ This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

‰ This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

‰ This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

‰ Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Sector Division: Urban Develo pment ...... SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting

Is the project area… ƒ Densely populated? √

ƒ Heavy with development activities? √

ƒ Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site √

• Protected Area √

• Wetland √

• Mangrove √

• Estuarine √

• Buffer zone of protected area √

• Special area for protecting biodiversity √

• Bay √

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause…

KUIDFC i WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Pollution of raw water supply from upstream √ Pollution of raw water supply wastewater discharge from communities, from upstream wastewater industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? discharge is not anticipated since River Tungabhadra, the source of raw water is flowing through rural areas. However, pollution due to soil erosion runoff is anticipated, as the river is flowing through agricultural areas. ƒ Impairment of historical/cultural √ There are no monuments/ monuments/areas and loss/damage to these historical sites in the nearby sites? surroundings of the project area. ƒ Hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive √ There is no ground water ground water pumping? exploitation for proposed water supply improvements for Davangere CC. ƒ Social conflicts arising from displacement of √ There is no resettlement of people communities ? required for project implementation. Hence there is no possibility for social conflict related with displacement of people. ƒ Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water √ The proposal for Davangere CC supply with other beneficial water uses for involves only pumping of surplus surface and ground waters? water from River Tungabhadra to an impounding reservoir, Kundawada Lake for summer storage. This will not reduce the water availability in the river for any other uses all through the year. Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive √ The existing raw water supply is pathogens or mineral constituents)? supposed to continue with an additional 20 MLD supply from River Tungabhadra. 134. Delivery of unsafe water to distribution √ The treated water from the newly system? proposed WTP is designed to meet drinking water standards. ƒ Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, √ The existing intake well at River leading to pollution of water supply? Tungabhadra is in good condition so there is no possibility for pollution due to inadequate protection of intake works / wells. ƒ Over pumping of ground water, leading to √ There is no ground water salinization and ground subsidence? exploitation required for the proposed improvements in Water supply. ƒ Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? √ Davangere CC has to ensure that the storage reservoir will be cleaned regularly to avoid excessive algal growth.

KUIDFC ii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Increase in production of sewage beyond √ The proposal involves ensuring capabilities of community facilities? regular supply of 135 lpcd for the public which will result in an increased sewage production of 108 lpcd. The proposed STP for the city is designed to meet the sewage generated with 135 lpcd of water supply. ƒ Inadequate disposal of sludge from water √ The present project only involves treatment plants? addition of a filter unit and a storage reservoir to the existing WTP without any proposal for altering the design/ technology in the existing Water Treatment Plant. Davangere CC has to ensure that the sludge is removed from water treatment plants regularly to meet standards of treated water. ƒ Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and √ Sufficient buffer zone / noise treatment plants to alleviate noise and other barrier is to be developed around possible nuisances and protect facilities? pumping station to alleviate noise.

ƒ Impairments associated with transmission lines √ Temporary impairments are and access roads? anticipated along the new transmission line routes during construction stage. No new access roads are proposed. ƒ Health hazards arising from inadequate design √ The present project only involves of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling addition of a filter unit and a of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. storage reservoir to the existing WTP without any proposal for altering the design/ technology in the existing Water Treatment Plant. ƒ Health and safety hazards to workers from the √ The present project does not management of chlorine used for disinfection involve any proposal for any and other contaminants? changes in operation of Water Treatment Plant. Davangere CC has to ensure that proper safety practices are ensured for workers in water treatment plant ƒ Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ There is no resettlement of people people for project implementation. ƒ Social conflicts between construction workers √ The contractor will be utilizing the from other areas and community workers? local labour force so there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction stage.

KUIDFC iii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Noise and dust from construction activities? √ All the construction machineries employed have to comply with noise emission standards suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Dust generation shall be suppressed with sprinkling of water along the construction area. ƒ Increased road traffic due to interference of √ Construction activities are not construction activities? envisaged within the city limits. Proper traffic management will have to be implemented to avoid conflict between public transport and construction material transport. ƒ Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from √ The construction debris / excess construction operations? soil generated at construction sites should be properly disposed to avoid erosion. ƒ Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M √ The present project only involves treatment processes (especially mud addition of a filter unit and a accumulations in filters) and inadequate storage reservoir to the existing chlorination due to lack of adequate WTP without any proposal for monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution altering the design/ technology in systems? the existing Water Treatment Plant.. Davangere CC has to ensure efficiency of operation of water treatment plant. ƒ Delivery of water to distribution system, which √ The present project only involves is corrosive due to inadequate attention to addition of a filter unit and a feeding of corrective chemicals? storage reservoir to the existing WTP without any proposal for altering the design/ technology in the existing Water Treatment Plant. Davangere CC has to ensure optimal performance of Water Treatment Plant to avoid corrosion of distribution system with corrective chemicals. ƒ Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? √ The present project only involves addition of a filter unit and a storage reservoir to the existing WTP without any proposal for altering the design/ technology in the existing Water Treatment Plant. ƒ Excessive abstraction of water affecting √ The present proposal involves downstream water users? only abstraction of surplus water from River Tungabhadra ; hence drawing of water will not have any impact on downstream water users.

KUIDFC iv WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ƒ Competing uses of water? √ The present proposal involves only abstraction of surplus water from River Tungabhadra, when there are no competing uses of water. ƒ Increased sewage flow due to increased water √ The proposal is for ensuring supply regular water supply of 135 lpcd for the public which will result in increased sewage generation of 108 lpcd. The proposed STP for the city is designed to meet the sewage generated with 135 lpcd of water supply. ƒ Increased volume of sullage (wastewater from √ The proposed STP for the city is cooking and washing) and sludge from designed to meet the sullage wastewater treatment plant generated due to the project. Davangere CC has to ensure that the sludge generated in STP is disposed off with safe disposal practices.

KUIDFC v WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche I Sub-Projects in Davangere CC Initial Environmental Examination

APPENDIX 3. Certificates from Davangere CC on the Suitability of the Proposals for the ULB

KUIDFC vi WSAPL