697 Identifikasi Family Pohon Penghasil Buah Yang Di

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697 Identifikasi Family Pohon Penghasil Buah Yang Di JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2018) Vol. 6 (3) : 697 – 707 IDENTIFIKASI FAMILY POHON PENGHASIL BUAH YANG DI MANFAATKAN MASYARAKAT DI HUTAN TEMBAWANG (Identification Of Fruit Producing Trees Used By Community In The Tembawang Forest) Mutiara Wulandari, Togar Fernando Manurung Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Jl. Daya Nasional Pontianak 78124 Email: [email protected] Abstract The Forest has biological diversity resources, Many of them also has potential to develop become an economic resources. Forest as ecosystem not only provide its natural resources in the kind of timbers, but also a lot of potential in non-timber forest products (NTFP), One of the example is fruit-producing trees that have been developed by the community to gathering food in people’s daily need. Tembawang forest is one of the example that can gives effort to preserve its natural diversity benfits. The purpose of this research are to recognize the types of fruit- producing trees and its morphology in tembawang forest, in empiyang village, jangkang district, sanggau regency. This research was conducted for 3 weeks in the forest of tembawang empiyang village. The researcher use exploration method, to recognizing all types of fruit- producing trees that found on the field, and took some samples by data collection techniques using primary data and secondary data. The data that had been collected, then analyzed and presented by descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of field observations, it found as many as 24 trees’ species belonging to 13 families, in the village forest tembawang empiyang village district jangkang sanggau. This case shows that tembawang forest, empiyang village jangkang sub-district, in sanggau regency has a high diversity in varieties of fruit-producing trees species. Keywords: Trees Family, Fruit Producers, Tembawang Forest PENDAHULUAN Keanekaragaman jenis pohon Hutan memiliki sumberdaya hayati penghasil buah yang tumbuh dan yang beraneka ragam, banyak berkembang di setiap daerah memiliki diantaranya mempunyai potensi untuk perbedaan vegetasi tertentu yang di dikembangkan menjadi sumberdaya pengaruhi oleh tipe iklim kawasan, ekonomi. Hutan sebagai suatu tinggi tempat dan faktor lingkungan ekosistem tidak hanya menyimpan tumbuhan lainnya. Lebih dari 25% jenis sumber daya alam berupa kayu, tetapi buah-buahan tropis yang tumbuh masih banyak potensi hasil hutan bukan ternyata merupakan asset kayu (HHBK) yang dapat diambil keanekaragamanan jenis buah-buahan manfaatnya, salah satunya adalah pohon yang tumbuh dan hidup, sehingga penghasil buah yang biasa di Indonesia dapat disebut sebagai pusat manfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk plasma nutfah (Purnomo dkk., 2001). memenuhi kebutuhan pangan sehari- Beberapa plasma nutfah menjadi rawan hari. dan langka bahkan punah karena terjadi perubahan kondisi sumber daya hayati, 697 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2018) Vol. 6 (3) : 697 – 707 lahan, dan habitat akibat pemanfaatan masyarakat sebagai usaha kebun buah- yang tidak terkendali (Kusumo buahan dan kayu-kayuan. dkk.,2002). Menurut Cannell (1989) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dalam (Purwaningsih dkk., 2001) mengetahui jenis-jenis pohon penghasil mengatakan bahwa pohon penghasil buah-buahan dan morfologi pohon buah-buahan hutan menjadi lebih penghasil buah-buahan pada kawasan penting sebagai sumber pangan. Pohon Hutan Tembawang Desa Empiyang penghasil buah-buahan terdiri dari jenis- Kecamatan Jangkang Kabupaten jenis buah yang dapat dimakan dalam Sanggau. bentuk segar (misalnya : durian, METODE PENELITIAN manggis, lengkeng, cempedak) maupun Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan di olah terlebih dahulu misalnya: Hutan Tembawang dengan luasan 1,5 tengkawang (Hani 2009). Pemanfaatan ha yang terdapat di Desa Empiyang buah-buahan hutan oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Jangkang Kabupaten sekitar Hutan Tembawang Desa Sanggau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan Empiyang selain untuk dikonsumsi, ada pada tanggal 5 November 2017 selama sebagian kecil yang di jual seperti ± 3 minggu. Objek penelitian adalah durian, cempedak dan rambutan. Pohon semua jenis pohon penghasil buah yang penghasil buah-buahan hutan sebagai di manfaatkan yang terdapat di lokasi bagian dari plasma nutfah hayati, penelitian. Kriteria pohon penghasil memiliki nilai penting sebagai sumber buah yang menjadi kriteria objek dalam informasi dalam menunjang kegiatan penelitian ini adalah pohon yang 449 pendidikan seperti penelitian dan berdiameter 10 cm keatas. Alat yang kehidupan bagi masyarakat di sekitar digunakan didalam pengambilan data hutan. antara lain kamera, GPS, parang, pita Menurut Darusman (2001) hutan ukur, tally sheet, peta lokasi penelitian, tembawang merupakan suatu kawasan buku atau referensi untuk identifikasi bekas lokasi rumah panjang yang di pohon. Peralatan pengumpulan tumbuhi oleh berbagai jenis tanaman spesimen seperti galah, gunting stek, buah-buahan seperti durian, langsat, dan kain hitam. Alat dan bahan cempedak, tengkawang, rambutan, dan pembuatan herbarium Alkohol 70%, lain- lain. Tanaman yang ada di dalam kertas koran, gunting stek, kantong Hutan tembawang merupakan milik plastik, cutter, isolasi dan label. pribadi, sedangkan tanahnya milik Metode yang digunakan adalah komunal. Hutan Tembawang metode eksplorasi dan koleksi flora merupakan bagian dari keseluruhan pola yang dilakukan dengan cara jelajah, sistem hutan kerakyatan yang ada pada yaitu dengan menjelajahi setiap sudut masyarakat. Pada umumnya, hutan lokasi yang dapat mewakili tipe-tipe tembawang di usahakan oleh ekosistem atau tipe-tipe vegetasi di kawasan yang diteliti (Rugayah dkk, 698 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2018) Vol. 6 (3) : 697 – 707 2004). Semua jenis pohon penghasil deskriptif adalah jenis penelitian yang buah yang di jumpai di lokasi penelitian menggambarkan apa yang dilakukan diambil contoh spesimennya. Jalur berdasarkan fakta yang ada untuk eksplorasi di buat sebanyak 3 (tiga) selanjutnya diolah menjadi data. jalur dengan panjang 100 meter dan Pendekatan kualitatif adalah suatu lebar 20 meter (10 meter ke kanan dan prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan 10 meter ke kiri dari sumbu jalur) di data deskriptif berupa ucapan atau letakkan secara purposive di seluruh tulisan dan perilaku yang dapat diamati kawasan penelitian dengan jarak antar dari subjek itu sendiri, data tersebut jalur di sesuaikan dengan kondisi kemudian dianalisis untuk memperoleh lapangan. Jalur eksplorasi di letakkan suatu kesimpulan (Maleong, 2010). tegak lurus kontur yang mewakili Pengambilan sampel di lakukan dengan ketinggian kawasan penelitian atau di cara menganalisis ciri-ciri morfologi lokasi penelitian berupa ciri-ciri (generatif maupun vegetatif) secara morfologi vegetatif maupun generatif detail pada semua jenis pohon yang di (jika tersedia), nama botani (dapat temukan langsung di lapangan yang di langsung dicatat jika di ketahui), catat ke dalam tally sheet pengamatan. habitat, ketinggian tempat, nomor Data yang di peroleh di masukkan ke koleksi, tanggal pengamatan dan dalam tabel daftar jenis pohon yang di pencatatan tersebut di lakukan pada tulis menggunakan nama latin sesuai semua jenis pohon yang ditemui pada Binomial Nomenclature beserta nama lokasi penelitian sehingga data yang lokalnya dan penulisan di kelompokkan telah dicatat tersebut dapat membantu berdasarkan familinya masing-masing. dalam mengenali nama jenisnya dan Analisis lebih lanjut di lakukan dengan penempatannya secara benar dalam menelusuri ciri-ciri morfologi sesuai sistem klasifikasi. Sedangkan untuk literature yang mendukung yaitu dengan memperkuat data di lapangan, maka menggunakan Buku Identifikasi dan dikumpulkan data sekunder yang di Pengenalan Jenis-Jenis Pohon Penghasil butuhkan sebagai penunjang dalam Buah. penelitian ini seperti nama lokal jenis HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN pohon penghasil buah yang di temui Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan berdasarkan pengetahuan masyarakat lapangan, ditemukan sebanyak 24 jenis setempat, keadaan sosial ekonomi yang tergolong dalam 13 famili, pada penduduk, geologi tanah, tipe hutan, kawasan Hutan Tembawang Desa letak geografis, iklim, aksesibilitas serta Empiyang Kecamatan Jangkang data lain yang dapat di jadikan Kabupaten Sanggau. Adapun nama- penunjang dalam penelitian ini. nama jenis pohon penghasil buah yang Analisa data yang digunakan adalah ditemukan pada seluruh jalur deskriptif kualitatif, analisis data pengamatan tertera pada Tabel 1. 699 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2018) Vol. 6 (3) : 697 – 707 Tabel 1. Daftar jenis pohon penghasil buah pada semua jalur penelitian (List of fruit producing tree species on research pathway). No. Nama lokal Nama ilmiah Famili 1 Bohonte Baccaurea sp (Verheij) Phyllanthaceae 2 Bolitik hutan Aporosa antennifera (Airy Shaw) 3 Cenayangk Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret Malvaceae 4 Danging Madhuca sericea (Miq) Sapotaceae 5 Dara Litsea sp.1 (IozosteNees) Lauraceae 6 Diai Durio sp (Murr) Malvaceae 7 Empanai Ficus schwarzii (Koord) Moraceae 8 Engkalu Litsea sp.2 (IozosteNees) Lauraceae 9 Hosat Lansium domesticum (Correa) Meliaceae 10 Jeletung Alstonia angustiloba (Miq) Apocynaceae 11 Kayu Hitam Diospyros pilosanthera (Blanco) Ebenaceae 12 Medang Litsea accedens (Blume) Lauraceae 13 Menterong Strombosia javanica (Blume) Olacaceae 14 Mpoyang Pangium edule (Reinw) Achariaceae 15 Ndalai Artocarpus odoratissimus (Blanco) Moraceae 16 Ntohongk Aglaia sp (Swenson et al) Meliaceae 17 Petaling Bawang Strombosia ceylanica (Gardn) Olacaceae 18 Pekawai Durio kutejensis (Hassk) Malvaceae 19 Pontak Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Meliaceae 20 Putting Beliung Parkia speciosa (Hassk) Leguminosae 21
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