DOCSLIB.ORG

A Justification of the Right of Every Well Educated Physician of Fair

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Justification of the Right of Every Well Educated Physician of Fair I JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGHT OF EVERY WELL EDUCATED PHYSICIAN OF FAIR CHARACTER AND MATURE AGE, RESIDING WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON, TO BE ADMITTED A FELLOW OF THAT CORPOR'ATIOy, IF FOUND COMPETENT, UPON EXAMINATION, L\ LEARNING AND SKILL. TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THOSE LICENTIATES WHO LATELY ATTEMPTED TO ESTABLISH THAT RIGHT ; INCLUDING THE PLEADINGS OF THE COUNSEL, ^ AND THE OPINIONS OF THE JUDGES, AS TAKEN IN SHORT-HAND BY MR. GURNEY. CHRISTOPHER STANGER, m. d. CRESHAM PROFESSOR OF PHVSIC, AND PHySICI.iN TO THE FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. THUCVDIDES, LIB. I. C. I20 LONDON: PRINTED BY C. VVIIITnNGHAM, (•OR J. JOHNSON, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH VARD ; AND J. BUTTERWOKTH, FLEET STRKET. 179S. PREFATORY ADDRESS TO THE LICENTIATES ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST WITH THE COL- LEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON. GENTLEMEN, YOU have been engaged in an lionour- able attempt to establish the right of every well educated physician, of unim- peached character, competent learning and skill, and mature age, residing within the jurisdiction of the college of phvsicians, to be admitted a member of thK. corpora- tion. This right was original^fy obtained by your predecessors, whose claims were precisely similar to your own, and was granted to them on the specific conditions upon which your claim is founded. It was conferred on them and their suc- cessors for ever, by charter, and con- firmed to them by repeated acts of parlia- ment. The franchise was long amicably enjoyed by them in conjunction with the very class of physicians which now deprive A 2 you iv [ ] you of it. The judicial opinion of Lord Mansfield, repeated and recorded, in which the able judges who were his colleagues in the court of King's Bench concurred, confirmed with the weightiest authority this right, after it had been demonstrated, upon the fullest investigation, by the clearest proofs. Under the sanction of these decisive proofs and conclusive authorities, clearly stated and authenticated, you respectfully claimed of the college an amicable exten- sion of the fellowship, to such of your body as they themselves should ascertain to be within the express description of fitness, pointed out by the charter, repeated in the act of parliament, and explicitly described by Lord Mansfield, as giving a legal title to incorporation. The college had not even the liberality to reply to this just and respectful application. After this contumelious treatment, you consulted three eminent counsel, in order to be assured whether, notwithstanding the strong evidence of your right, and tiic appa- rcntlv V [ ] rently incontestible authority of the court of King's Bench in your favour, any concealed obstacle could be brought forward to evade or defeat the attainment of legal redress. They unanimously, and in the strongest terms, confirmed the legality of your claim, and were decisively of opinion that there could be no legal bar to its establishment. Thus assured, you appointed a member of your body to stand forward, and bring the question to a decision, under the direction of counsel, at the joint expence of those who had the liberality to vindicate the rights of the profession. After much delay, and after having been defeated upon the first application, on ac- count of what was considered by the court an informality in procedure, a decision has been obtained in the court of King's Bench. However astonishing it may appear," after the proofs and authorities which have been asserted to exist, and which it is conceived are proved in the sequel both to exist and govern this case, that decision is fatal to your claim. 11 vi [ ] It has been decided that a physician, whatever his talents, education, attain- ments, and character may be, even a Sy- denham or a Boerhaave, has no right to an examination of his qualifications for incor- poration into the college of physicians, un- less he has obtained a doctor's degree at Oxford or Cambridge, or unless (after he has completed liis thirty-sixth year, and been seven years a licentiate) he be pro- posed through the favour of a fellow on one particular day in the year, at a comitia ma- jora, and be also approved by a majority of the fellows present. It has been determined, that the a,dven- titious circumstance of local study, eveii in the most inadequate medical schools in Europe, gives not only a prior right, but, a right, which operates virtually as an ex- clusive privilege to be examined for the fellowship. This decision is also final in law, with re- gard to the generiil right. From the stage of the process in which it was given, it even precludes an appeal to the House of Lords. vii [ ] Lords. There remains, however, a tribunal which can take cognizance of the justice of your pretensions, of the equity, and even the legahty of the grounds of this decision. That tribunal is the pubHc, and you have sufficient confidence in the goodness of your cause to submit the whole merits to its judg- ment. The public cannot indeed redress the actual grievance, but it can do justice to the pretensions and efibrts of a body, who have stood forward and persevered at con- siderable expence, and with considerable exertion, to vindicate the claims of their predecessors, to emancipate themselves, and to establish the rights of posterity, and the true interests and dignity of their profession. This is a cause which demands public tention. It involves the immediate interests and dignity of a great majority of the phy- sicians of this vast metropolis and its vicinity, and implicates the respectability of nearly all the physicians in Great Britain and its dominions. The decision impeaches the title of this numerous and important body, to the fair honours of their profession. It tends to depreciate the first, and in fact, the only ^iii [ ] only schools ot" physic in Europe. It de- prives the community of the corporate ser- vices of the great hody of those who are qualified to discharge them as. members of the college. It virtually disfranchises a great majority of those who are eligible, and pos- sessed of an inchoate right of admission into a corporation under a charter and act of par- liament. It overturns the legal doctrines and opinions of Lord Mansfield, and of the able judges who filled the bench with him, and shakes the stability of precedent, the solid basis of law. These are circumstances which strongly interest the community; which claim the peculiar attention of the phy- sician, the lawyer, and the legislator; and which forcibly called upon you to lay be- fore the public the whole of this important contest. It has devolved on me to try the issue of this question, in which the claims of an in- dividual are of little importance. Had per- sonal merit been considered, I am sensible that many of our body have much higher pretensions. 1 feel however, I hope, an ho- nourable elevation in having been actively engaged ; [ ix ] engaged in such a cause, and with such co- adjutors. While the facuUy of London re- tain a sense of their own dignity, your exertions will not be forgotten. I have, with your approbation, prefixed a justification of the right for which we have been contending, to an account of our pro- ceedings, and added notes, of considerable extent, to the pleadings of the counsel and opinions of the judges ; the latter are ac- curately printed from an eminent short-hand writer's reports. What I have written has extended much beyond my original inten- tion, from a desire of omitting nothing which might elucidate or corroborate our claim. The work has in consequence been consider- ably enlarged, and the arguments and illus- trations may probably, in some parts, appear redundant. The able and elaborate work of Dr. Ferris upon the subject, to which I am much indebted, as well as the pleadings of our eminent counsel, in a great measure precluded the necessity of farther argument but an ardent desire of confirming the jus- lice of our cause would not suifer me to remain [ ^ ] remain silent, or to restrain my pen where is was perhaps unnecessary to expatiate. I confide, however, in your candour for ex- cusing whatever may be thought either su- perfluous or deficient, as well as the delay in publication, which has been occasioned by various avocations. I cannot conclude without expressing a firm reliance, that though we have failed in establishing our claim in a court of law, we shall succeed in convincing every candid mind which shall investigate the subject of the equity of our title. I hope we shall yet see that claim actually established by the just concession of the college, or the wisdom of the legislature. Till that period arrives, I trust we shall secure all the advantages of the fellowship by an association which shall surpass the college in numbers, utility, and power. In a country enlightened and equi- table as ours, the rights and interests of an important profession must be finally estab- lished, if pursued with firmness and perse- verance. In all events, I shall ever remain firmly convinced, that the rights of the phy- sicians [ ] siclans of London are founded on the im- mutable principles of justice, are supported by the soundest maxims of law, are con- firmed by the weightiest authorities, and warranted by the truest expediency. I am, Gentlemen, With great esteem. Your obedient Servant, CHRISTOPHER STANGER. Lamb's Conduit Strtet, May 6, 1798. A JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE LICENTIATES, CORPORATE monopoly in a liberal and fcientific profeflion, which depreciates the great body of that profeffion, without the llighteft evidence of their inferiority or difqualification, would fcarcely be fuppofed to exift at the clofe of the eighteenth century, in the enlightened metro- polis of Great Britain.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shakspere and the Medical Sciences
    THE BRISTOL fll>eMco=Cbiriu*gical Journal. DECEMBER, 1887. , J SHAKSPERE AND THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. ftbe presidential BDfcress at tbe opening, on October I2tb, 1SS7, of tbe Utb Session of tbe JGrlstol /nbcOtco = Cblrnrgleal Society BY L. M. Griffiths, M.R.C.S. Eng., L.R.C.P. Ed. It has almost become a stereotyped plan for the president of a society like ours to introduce into his address, by way of preface, a statement, more or less in detail, that for the fulfilment of the.duties of the office he is much less capable than any of his predecessors. This is probably an out- come of the retiring modesty of the Profession in its individual capacity and of the desire to carry out the apostolic precept of esteeming others better than one's self. If it were absolutely true?and if it were a fact that the welfare of the constitution depended upon the nominal 17 226 MR. L. M. GRIFFITHS president a society which had got to its fourteenth session with a steady deterioration constantly going on would indeed be in a sad state. I shall try to avoid the mistake of offering this customary apology, because to doubt the wisdom of the choice of the members seems to me to cast a slur upon the intelligence of the electing body, and I think it is more becoming, when elected, to enter manfully into the duties of the office and do the best that in one lies. But the choice of the subject of an address involved considerable difficulty.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Religion, Medicine and Confessional Identity in Early Modern England Mann, Sophie Liana Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Religion, Medicine and Confessional Identity in Early Modern England by Sophie Liana Mann Department of History, King’s College London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, March 2014 1 Abstract Early modern historians often frame ‘religion’ and ‘medicine’ as distinct categories of experience and conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dissenting Tradition in English Medicine of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
    Medical History, 1995, 39: 197-218 The Dissenting Tradition in English Medicine of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries WILLIAM BIRKEN* In England, medicine has always been something of a refuge for individuals whose lives have been dislocated by religious and political strife. This was particularly true in the seventeenth century when changes in Church and State were occurring at a blinding speed. In his book The experience of defeat, Christopher Hill has described the erratic careers of a number of radical clergy and intellectuals who studied and practised medicine in times of dislocation. A list pulled together from Hill's book would include: John Pordage, Samuel Pordage, Henry Stubbe, John Webster, John Rogers, Abiezer Coppe, William Walwyn and Marchamont Nedham.1 Medicine as a practical option for a lost career, or to supplement and subsidize uncertain careers, can also be found among Royalists and Anglicans when their lives were similarly disrupted during the Interregnum. Among these were the brilliant Vaughan twins, Thomas, the Hermetic philosopher, and Henry, the metaphysical poet and clergyman; the poet, Abraham Cowley; and the mercurial Nedham, who was dislocated both as a republican and as a royalist. The Anglicans Ralph Bathurst and Mathew Robinson were forced to abandon temporarily their clerical careers for medicine, only to return to the Church when times were more propitious. In the middle of the eighteenth century the political and religious disabilities of non-juring Anglicanism were still potent enough to impel Sir Richard Jebb to a successful medical career. But by and large the greatest impact on medicine came from the much larger group of the displaced, the English Dissenters, whose combination of religion and medicine were nothing short of remarkable.
    [Show full text]
  • Silver Collection Catalogue
    Silver Catalogue Silver collection catalogue Introduction This display shows some of the finest silverware in the collection owned by the Royal College of Physicians (RCP). All of the items have been collected in the last 350 years and reflect the events in the RCP’s history as well as the lives and generosity of its fellows and members. Rare and costly metals have been the first choice for ceremonial objects and symbols of authority since ancient times, and it is known that the College had a collection of silver by the 1600s. Unfortunately, during the Great Plague of 1665 the physicians abandoned London, leaving the College’s premises unguarded. During this time the silver was nearly all stolen, with only two items escaping the plundering. One of the surviving items was the demonstration rod of William Harvey (11) which, it is thought, he used during his ground-breaking Lumleian lecture to demonstrate the circulation of the blood. The other item was Baldwin Hamey’s silver inkstand bell (26). The following year, in 1666, the College was again struck by disaster when the Great Fire of London completely destroyed the building and almost all of its contents. It was a number of years before fellows had the finances to donate silver, and the need to rebuild its premises left the RCP itself without the resources to replenish the losses. Only three pieces were added over the next 45 years: a silver salver, the head of the porter’s staff and the mace (30 and 29). In 1719, president Sir Hans Sloane and other RCP officers presented a selection of silver plate to begin replacing the stolen items.
    [Show full text]
  • Shakspere and the Practice of Medicine
    SHAKSPERE AND THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE By LEMUEL MATTHEWS GRIFFITHS, M.D., M.R.C.S.† BRISTOL, ENGLAND T has been claimed for Shakspere that connected with them in Shakspere’s day, in some branches of medical science he there is the gatherer of simples. showed a knowledge far in advance of Dr. Bucknill, a learned medical Shaks- members of the profession. On the perian scholar “arrived at the fullest con­ other hand, it has been asserted that heviction that the great dramatist had, at Iknew no more than any old woman of the least, been a diligent student of all medical period could have told him. It was my pur­ knowledge existing in his time.”3 And pose to collect the passages referring, directly referring to “Much Ado about Nothing” or indirectly, to medical science or practice, (iv, i, 254),4 he says concerning the Friar’s and thus try to find where the truth lies observation to Leonato about the appro­ between these conflicting statements; for a priateness of using extreme methods for third hypothesis—that he may, for the medi­ extreme diseases, “the passage is evidently cal allusions, have consulted some practi­ copied from the Sixth Aphorism of Hippo­ tioner of the healing art—can be dismissed crates,” and he thinks Shakspere “derived at once, as the references are too numerous it from some work on the original.5 and too incidental for such a theory to be It is of interest therefore to see how taken into consideration.1 Shakspere refers to the names of those But when I had partly put this intention connected by fame with the healing art.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICAL NEWS. 279 Interlarded with Such Old-World Terms As Dartreuse, Earle, J
    MEDICAL NEWS. 279 interlarded with such old-world terms as dartreuse, Earle, J. Rolleston, Oxford andx’Minter, L. J., King’s College. St. Bartholomew’s. H. ,c. He was nevertheless a true clinician and a Mortis, E., Charing-cross. herpetiqtve *Edge, A. Jts., St. Bartholomew’s. Northcote, Percy, St. Thomas’s. splendid teacher. His accents, cracked with age, and his Edgecombe, Wilfrid, Liverpool. Orton, John, Birmingham. tremulous head will long be held in affectionate remembrance Edwards, Philip H , Birmingham. Pace, Harold Everett, London. like his wards at the Edwards, Robert, Bristol. Page; W. T., University College. by pupils who, myself, frequented Charles Charite. A favourite of his at examinations Fadelle, Alfred, King’s College. Pantm, S., Guy’s. question had Farncombe, Thos. Stone, Toronto. Parker, H. T., St. Bartholomew’s. reference to the fetor of the black stools in hæmatemesis. Felkin, Henry George, London. Payne, E. Le Fevre, St. Mary’s. He will be greatly missed at the Académie de Medecine, of Fernie, F. E., St. Bartholomew’s. Peake, Arthur Walton, Bristol. N. Y. C. St. which learned he was once The conservative *Ferguson, M., Bellevue, Perram, H., Bartholomew’s. body president. Fletcher, Leslie, Charing-cross. Phillips, C. M., Bristol and Guy’s. bent of his mind in matters purely medical extended to Frederick, H. John, St. Thomas’s. Phillips, H. H., Charing.cross. administrative affairs, any changes in old-established ways Fry, Walter Ernest, London. Platt, John Noble, Manchester. being instinctively resented by this physician of the old Fullerton, F. Wm., St. Thomas’s. 1’,Plumbe, Arthur, London.
    [Show full text]
  • John Locke, Thomas Sydenham, and the Authorship of Two Medical Essays Peter Anstey and John Burrows
    John Locke, Thomas Sydenham, and the Authorship of Two Medical Essays Peter Anstey and John Burrows Amongst the Shaftesbury Papers in the National Archives are two short medical essays in the hand of the English philosopher John Locke. One is entitled ‘Anatomia’ and from its endorsement we know that it was composed in 1668. The other is endorsed ‘Ars Medica 1669’ and ‘De Arte med[ica] 1669’. 1 Thus these two essays pre-date the early drafts of Locke’s most important philosophical work An Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690). The early drafts of the Essay , drafts A and B, were composed in 1671. As it happens, the contents of the earlier medical essays are not only extremely interesting in their own right but may bear importantly on both our understanding of Locke’s own intellectual development and on the origins of the Essay itself. However, any analysis of the contents of these medical essays is complicated by the fact that since the mid-1960s some scholars have attributed their authorship to the London physician and friend of Locke, Thomas Sydenham. The resolution of the question of the authorship of ‘Anatomia’ and ‘De arte medica’ has recently been described as ‘one of the most difficult tasks of Locke scholarship’. 2 It is the purpose of this study to lay the question of authorship to rest by providing a fresh analysis of the arguments for and against Sydenham’s authorship and Locke’s authorship, and by applying the latest techniques of computational stylistics to the texts themselves. Part One: An assessment of the arguments for and against Lockean authorship of ‘Anatomia’ and ‘De arte medica’, by Peter Anstey The first section of this first part of the paper outlines the history of the attribution of authorship of the dubia, that is ‘Anatomia’ and ‘De arte medica’.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. John King (1614-1681) and Dr. Assuerus Regemorter
    DR. JOHN KING (1614-1681) AND DR. ASSUERUS REGEMORTER (1615-1650) BRETHREN IN THE DUTCH CHURCH AND IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON, WITH ADDED REFERENCES TO OTHER "DUTCH" CONGREGANTS IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE, DR. BALDWIN HAMEY AND DR. GEORGE ENT by WILLIAM BIRKEN* This paper is principally concerned with the life and background of the hitherto obscure Dr. John King. However, in telling his story aspects of Dr. Assuerus Regemorter and, to a lesser extent, Dr. Baldwin Hamey and Dr. George Ent, inevitably appear. Between 1634 and 1648, all these men were admitted as Fellows to the Royal College ofPhysicians ofLondon. During the same period as well, their names appeared on the membership lists of the Dutch Church in London, at Austin Friars. In the cases of both Dr. King and Dr. Regemorter this relationship to the Dutch Church and its community was both intimate and lifelong. Coincidentally, it was also during a similar period, 1634 to 1643, that the Dutch Church faced the greatest threat to its existence in all its 425-year history in England. As Dr. Johannes Lindeboom has written in his history ofAustin Friars: Never has the relationship of the foreigners to the State Church been more difficult and more in the nature of a rope that hurts through being drawn too tightly, than in the days of Archbishop Laud, during the reign ofCharles I. The image ofthe too tightly drawn rope is actually too mild. The attitude of the State Church developed into an effort to strangle the life of the Community entirely, and thus to cause its eventual extinction." The details of this struggle can be found in a number of sources.2 Its real significance was in firmly joining the interests of the Dutch Church with the Parliamentary opposi- tion to the Laudian-Caroline State.
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher Merrett, Artisanal Knowledge, and Professional Reform in Restoration London
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Medical History, 2012, 56: 26–47 ‘By Merit Raised to That Bad Eminence’: Christopher Merrett, Artisanal Knowledge, and Professional Reform in Restoration London AARON MAUCK* Abstract: This article examines the career and reform agenda of Christopher Merrett as a means of evaluating the changing conditions of medical knowledge production in late seventeenth-century London. This period was characterised by increasing competition between medical practitioners, resulting from the growing consumer demand for medical commodities and services, the reduced ability of elite physicians to control medical practice, and the appearance of alternative methods of producing medical knowledge – particularly experimental methods. This competition resulted in heated exchanges between physicians, apothecaries, and virtuosi, in which Merrett played an active part. As a prominent member of both the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians, Merrett sought to mediate between the two institutions by introducing professional reforms designed to alleviate competition and improve medical knowledge. These reforms entailed sweeping changes to medical regulation and education that integrated the traditional reliance on Galenic principles with knowledge derived from experiment and artisanal practices. The emphasis Merrett placed on the trades suggests the important role artisanal knowledge played in his efforts to reorganise medicine and improve knowledge of bodily processes. Keywords: Christopher Merrett; Artisanal Knowledge; Natural History; Natural Philosophy; Galenism; Royal Society; Royal College of Physicians; Physicians; Virtuosi; Apothecaries; Chemical Physicians; Professional Reform; Medical Marketplace; Competition; Pamphlet War Introduction The founding of the Royal Society in 1660 proved a watershed moment for the seventeenth-century’s nascent natural history movement, providing its advocates with Ó Aaron Mauck, 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone - and Did Not Prescribe for Pepys?
    Medical History, 1982, 26: 429-435. WHICH MOLINS TREATED CROMWELL FOR STONE - AND DID NOT PRESCRIBE FOR PEPYS? by G. C. R. MORRIS* THE story of Oliver Cromwell's treatment by "a certain Dr. Mollins" was first published in English in The Times of 27 September 1929.1 Reported by the paper's Milan correspondent, who had seen an advance copy of a biography of Cromwell by Eucardio Momigliano, it said: When suffering from an illness believed to be calculus, Cromwell, "with the advice of his physicians and surgeons," called in a certain Dr. Mollins, "a celebrity of the time, although completely opposed to the present Government." The doctor's opposition and freedom of tongue were tolerated in consideration of his merits. Cromwell was cured by him, but, when it came to parting, the physician said, "Wait a moment, I have not yet finished, because you will be ill again if you do not give me leave to treat you as you have treated the whole of England - that is to say, to upset you and turn you over in your bed three times." And so he did. Cromwell laughed, and willing to remunerate him said, "Ask what you want and you shall have it." The physician replied, "I want nothing, because I have not attended you out of love, but because I could not do otherwise. The only thing I wish is to have something to drink." He was therefore taken to the cellars to taste the wines there, and drank deeply with a toast to King Charles Stuart.
    [Show full text]
  • Open a PDF List of This Collection
    LONDON METROPOLITAN ARCHIVES Page 1 MISCELLANEOUS DEEDS CLC/522 Reference Description Dates CLC/522/001 Deeds relating to property on Monkwell 1642 - 1748 [Mugwell] Street The earlier documents refer to Windsor House. Later documents refer to Windsor Court. Included in the bundle are a copy of Fire Court decisions regarding the property, dated 1668, which lists the pre-Fire tenants and their rents. The 1717, 1719, 1739 deeds mention the rebuilding of the site after the Great Fire. The 1717 deed mentions a "Meeting House" being part of the property and in 1748 Windsor Court included "A Publick Place of Worship for Protestant Dissentors" . 1 bundle of 15 items CLC/522/002 Deed of gift of messuages in St Leonards, 1468 Nov 20 Shoreditch and relating to lands and tenements in St Botolph outside Bishopsgate, City of London Described as lying between the land of William Heryot to the north and east, land recently of William Heryot to the south, and the King's highway to the west. Conveyed by John Marny, John Say, William Tyrell de Beches, Robert Darcy, Thomas Cook, knight, John Clopton esq, John Grene, John Poynes esq, Henry Skeet, chaplain, Robert Hotoft, and Richard Chercheman, to John Gadde, sherman, John Marchall, mercer, William Heryot, sherman, and John Weldon, grocer, all of London 1 document CLC/522/003 Abstract of title to leasehold premises situtate in 1804 Liquorpond Street and Leicester Street in the Parish of Saint Andrew Holborn in the County of Middlesex Provides a summary of ownership between 1694 and 1804. In 1694 William Ward bequeathed 5 houses and various leases to his son Alexander Ward, his daughter Elizabeth Cock and her son William Cock.
    [Show full text]
  • The Body As Object and Instrument of Knowledge Charles Wolfe, Ofer Gal
    The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge Charles Wolfe, Ofer Gal To cite this version: Charles Wolfe, Ofer Gal. The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge: Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science. France. Springer, 2010, STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, 978-90-481-3686-5. hal-01238121 HAL Id: hal-01238121 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01238121 Submitted on 19 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE VOLUME 25 General Editor: S. GAUKROGER, University of Sydney Editorial Advisory Board: RACHEL ANKENY, University of Adelaide PETER ANSTEY, University of Otago STEVEN FRENCH, University of Leeds DAVID PAPINEAU, King’s College London NICHOLAS RASMUSSEN, University of New South Wales JOHN SCHUSTER, University of New South Wales RICHARD YEO, Griffith University For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5671 Charles T. Wolfe ● Ofer Gal Editors The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science Editors Charles T. Wolfe Ofer Gal Unit for History and Philosophy of Science Unit for History and Philosophy of Science University of Sydney University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Australia ISBN 978-90-481-3685-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3686-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3686-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: xxxxxxxxxx © Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    [Show full text]