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National Integrity System Assessment LITHUANIA 2
National Integrity System Assessment LITHUANIA 2 Contents II. About the National Integrity System Study in Lithuania ...................................................... 8 III. Lithuania: Country Profile ................................................................................................. 15 IV. Corruption Profile Analysis in Lithuania .......................................................................... 23 V. Analysis of Anti-corruption Activities in Lithuania ........................................................... 26 VI. National Integrity System Assessment:Lithuania .............................................................. 28 1. Legislative ............................................................................................................................ 29 2. Executive.............................................................................................................................. 43 3. Judiciary ............................................................................................................................... 58 4. Public Sector ........................................................................................................................ 80 5. Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................................................................. 96 6. Central Electoral Commission (CEC) ................................................................................ 116 7. Seimas Ombudsmen............................................................ -
Sovietinės Represijos Prieš Lietuvos Kariuomenės Karininkus
SOVIETINĖS REPRESIJOS PRIEŠ LIETUVOS KARIUOMENĖS KARININKUS Ats. plk. Andrius Tekorius Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija Anotacija. Straipsnyje atskleistos sovietinių represijų prieš Lietuvos kariuome- nės karininkus priežastys, pobūdis ir mastas, pateikti duomenys apie represuotus Lietuvos krašto apsaugos ministrus ir karininkus. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: sovietinė okupacija, Lietuvos kariuomenė, Lietuvos ka- riuomenės karininkai, sovietinės represijos, šnipinėjimas, represuoti Lietuvos kari- ninkai ir krašto apsaugos ministrai. ĮVADAS Sovietinės okupacijos metais represijas patyrė didžioji mūsų tautos dalis. Okupantų buvo suimti, kalinti ir ištremti tūkstančiai Lietuvos gy- ventojų. Sovietinių represijų neišvengė ir Lietuvos karininkija. Ji tapo vienu pirmųjų sovietinių okupantų taikinių. Lietuvos karininkų1 sovietinių represijų tema Lietuvos istoriografi- joje nėra nauja. Šią temą įvairiais aspektais yra nagrinėję ir tyrimų re- zultatus skelbę Arvydas Anušauskas, Teresė Birutė Burauskaitė, Jonas Dobrovolskas, Stasys Knezys, Aras Lukšas, Algirdas Markūnas, Antanas Martinionis, Jonas Rudokas, Vytautas Jasulaitis, Gintautas Surgailis, Ro- mualdas Svidinskas, Antanas Tyla, Vytautas Zabielskas, Dalius Žygelis ir kiti. Sovietiniuose kalėjimuose ir lageriuose (priverčiamojo darbo stovy- klose) patirti išgyvenimai aprašyti Lietuvos kariuomenės karininkų Vik- toro Ašmensko, Antano Martinionio, Juozo Palukaičio, Jono Petruičio 1 Šiame straipsnyje Lietuvos karininkai skirstomi į tikrosios tarnybos karininkus, tar- navusius Lietuvos kariuomenėje -
Political State of the Region Report
Political State of the Region Report 2011 Political State of the Region Report Editors Bernd Henningsen and Tobias Etzold Authors Toomas Alatalu, Marcus Andersson, Marie Bengtsson, Rikard Bengtsson, Joakim Ekman, Kimmo Elo, Tobias Etzold, Michael Gilek, Peter Munk Jensen, Pertti Joenniemi, Mindaugas Jurkynas, Leonid A. Karabeshkin, Kristine Kern, Andreas Klein, Kari Liuhto, Hanna Mäkinen, Zaneta Ozolina, Lidia Puka, Toms Rostoks, Carsten Schymik, Alexander Sergunin, Silvia Stiller, Fabrizio Tassinari Published by Baltic Development Forum Nygade 3, 5th fl oor P.O. Box 56 DK-1002 Copenhagen K Denmark Telephone +45 70 20 93 94 Fax +45 70 20 93 95 [email protected] www.bdforum.org Language editing: Peter Dowdy Layout: Bitdesign / Leena Närhi, Finland Photo credits Front cover: Wind power plants, Istockphoto page 16: Nyhavn, Copenhagen, Denmark / Johannes Jansson/norden.org page 17: The Danish fl ag at Royal Navy Offi ces, Holmen island, Copenhagen, Denmark / Morten Jerichau, Wonderful Copenhagen page 21: Tallinn, Estonia / © European Union, 2011 page 24: Baltic Sea, Archipelago, Helsinki, Finland / Johannes Jansson/norden.org page 25: Helsinki, Harbor, Finland / Johannes Jansson/norden.org page 28: Dierhagen Beach / Wiki Commons page 33: Riga, Latvia / Aleksandrs Kendenkovs (Foto Banka) / The Latvian Institute page 42: Gdańsk, Poland / Wiki Commons, Tomasz Sienicki page 47: Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad, Russia / Istockphoto page 52: Visby, Gotland, Sweden / Johannes Jansson / norden.org page 53: Baltic Sea, Visby Sweden / Johannes Jansson / norden.org -
Annexation of Lithuania by USSR in Summer 1940 As Described in Diplomatic Documents and Propaganda Materials
res historica 48, 2019 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2019.48.241-273 Juliusz Dworacki (adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1943 ‘it is all the fault of Lithuanian provocateurs…’. annexation of Lithuania by Ussr in summer 1940 as Described in Diplomatic Documents and Propaganda Materials ‘Wszystkiemu winni są litewscy prowokatorzy…’. Aneksja Litwy przez ZSRR latem 1940 r. w świetle dokumentów dyplomatycznych i materiałów propagandowych abstract The research problem addressed in this paper is the issue of the process of the accession of the Republic of Lithuania to the Soviet Union in the summer of 1940 and the political context of this event. There is much historical and political controversy nowadays around the history of Kremlin politics in 1939–1941, but recently the subject of annexation of Lithuania has not been discussed, and the issue of relations and diplomatic relations between the two countries has not been described in detail in Polish historiography so far. The research question was formulated as follows: why, in spite of the October 1939 Mutual Assistance Treaty, did Moscow decide to change the status quo and directly annex the neighbouring country, disregarding the considerable number of alternative scenarios and extensive possibilities of controlling Lithuania’s policy? The research was conducted by analysing the documents of the diplomatic services of both countries (among which diplomatic correspondence occupies a special place), the then Soviet press from the point of view of the propaganda message used, as well as using memoiristic sources. As a result of the conducted research, no definite reasons for initiating the process of annexation of Lithuania by the USSR were defined, but a number of factors that may have a significant impact on the Kremlin’s move were revealed. -
Downloads of Previous Issue Since Publication (2Nd of June 2014 – 15Th of December 2014): 1,742
VOLUME 8, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 2015 FAILURE OF NETWORK INDUSTRY LIBERALISATION IN EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF ELECTRICITY LIBERALISATION IN UKRAINE Katharina ILLIUSHCHENIA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON THE BALKAN CONSTITUTIONS AND THE SPACE PROVIDED FOR THE CITIZENS Teuta VODO and Eleni STATHOPOULOU ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... FALLING BETWEEN TWO STOOLS – THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN CIVIL SERVANT REFORM OF 2013 Lars JOHANNSEN, Karin HILMER PEDERSEN and Saulius PIVORAS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... THE BACKWARD EAST? EXPLAINING DIFFERENCES IN SUPPORT FOR RADICAL RIGHT PARTIES IN WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPE Alina POLYAKOVA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... INCOME INEQUALITY AND GOVERNMENT REDISTRIBUTION: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY Vincent A. MAHLER, Kimberly LOONTJER and Sara PARANG ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... BOOK REVIEW: DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL PEACE IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES: EXPLORING CONSOCIATIONAL PARTIES Henrik JACOBSEN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS 2 EDITORIAL TEAM General Editor General Editor Miro Haček Peter Csányi ................................................................. ................................................................ University of Ljubljana Alexander Dubč ek University Trenčin Faculty of social sciences, CAAPPI Department of Political Science Kardeljeva ploščad 5 Študentská 2 1000 Ljub ljana , S lovenia 911 50 Trenčin, Slovakia [email protected] [email protected] -
The Soviet Invasion V
V The Soviet Invasion “Article 2. Accordingly, the aggressor in an international conflict shall, subject to the agreements in force between the parties to the dispute, be considered to be that State which is the first to commit any of the following actions:.... (2) Invasion by its armed forces, with or without a declaration of war, of the territory of another State.... Article 3. No political, military, economic or other considerations may serve as an excuse or justification for the aggression referred to in Article 2.” —From the Convention for the Definition of Aggression between Lithuania and the USSR, signed in London, July 5, 1933 “We are sure that disappearances of Soviet soldiers were brought about by persons under the protection of the Lithuanian authorities. These persons give them drink, involve them in criminal activities, and after that, prepare the way for their desertion or destroy them.” —From the Soviet note to the Lithuanian government, May 25, 1940 “The Soviet Union considers it necessary and urgent: … 3. That free entry into the territory of Lithuania be immediately assured for units of the army of the Soviet Union which will be stationed in the most important centers of Lithuania and which will be sufficiently numerous to assure the assure the enforcement of the Treaty of Mutual Assistance between the Soviet Union and Lithuania.... The Soviet Government will wait for the answer of the Lithuanian Government until 10 a.m. of June 15.” —Soviet ultimatum of June 14 Just before midnight on June 14, 1940, Viacheslav Molotov delivered an ultimatum to the Lithuanian foreign minister, Juozas Urbšys, who was then in Moscow for talks. -
Corruption and Land Administraton
Corruption and Land Administraton Paul VAN DER MOLEN and Arbind TULADHAR, the Netherlands Key words: corruption, transparency, land administration SUMMARY The paper addresses corruption in land administration and land management. Based on information that is published in the free press, the conclusion is drawn that all dinstinguished forms of corruption occur (abuse of discretion for personal gain, for others against payment, for family or partymembers etc.). The extension and characteristics cannot be estimated because of the hidden nature of corruption. Then the paper pays attention to possible measures how to curb corruption. International Federation of Surveyors 1/17 Article of the Month, March 2007 Paul van der Molen and Arbind Man Tuladhar Corruption and Land Administration Corruption and Land Administraton Paul VAN DER MOLEN and Arbind TULADHAR, the Netherlands 1. INTRODUCTION This paper addresses corruption in land administration. Although there is not a universally agreed definition of corruption, UN/Habitat defines corruption as 'the misuse of office for private gain' (UN/Habitat, 2004). Some common forms of corruption are − Bribery (’abuse of discretion in favour of a third party in exchange of benefits given by the third party’) − Fraud (’abuse of discretion for private gain without third parties involvement’) − Favouritism, Nepotism and Clientelism (’abuse of discretion not for self-interest but for the interest of family, clan, political party, ethnic group etc. (based on UN/Habitat, 2004) Corruption has the most devastating effects in developing countries because it hinders any advance in economic growth and democracy (UNDP, 1998) ‘Land administration is the process of determining, recording, and disseminating information about ownership, value and use of land; when implementing land management policies’ (UN/ECE 1996). -
Rising of Anticorruption Training System
Rising of Anticorruption Training System Central Anti-Corruption Bureau Rising of Anticorruption Training System „This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein” Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne Al. Ujazdowskie 9 00-583 Warszawa www.cba.gov.pl Graphic design, typesetting and printing Format Plus ul. Stroma 41, 01-100 Warszawa, Poland www.formatplus.info.pl Nakład 500 egz. „This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein” Warsaw 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 INTRODUCTION 10 SEMINARS E-LEARNING PLATFORM 18 25 COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT INTRODUCTION Harm caused by corruption in terms of loss and different programmes – all of these actions require damage associated with bribery are becoming – in the specific and often new skills. rapidly developing world – more widely understood by the public. It is becoming obvious that we should Given the above, the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau make every effort to eliminate corruption. The public (in Polish: Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne) requested authorities should support the development of skills the European Commission to award the grant as part and tools to prevent crime by ensuring training and of the programme titled Prevention of and Fight professional development for officials in agencies against Crime. The Commission decided in 2012 to and public institutions. -
Thematic Compilation of Relevant Information Submitted by Lithuania Article 5 Uncac Preventive Anti-Corruption Policies and Practices
THEMATIC COMPILATION OF RELEVANT INFORMATION SUBMITTED BY LITHUANIA ARTICLE 5 UNCAC PREVENTIVE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICIES AND PRACTICES LITHUANIA (TENTH MEETING) 1. Please describe (cite and summarize) the measures/steps your country has taken, if any, (or is planning to take, together with the related appropriate time frame) to ensure full compliance with this provision of the Convention, and in particular to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate the impact of the country‘s anti-corruption policies. a) Development and Implementation Process In the period from regaining its independence in 1990 till becoming a member of the European Union and NATO in 2004, Lithuania has succeeded in building one of the most comprehensive anti- corruption systems in Europe, based on a multi-faceted approach of preventive and repressive, legal and institutional measures. This can be attributed to a number of factors, including the political commitment of successive governments, strong outside incentives and reform requirements during the accession process to the EU and to the OECD, as well as membership in international anti- corruption monitoring mechanisms such as the Council of Europe's GRECO. The process of legislative reform in the area of corruption has also been facilitated by Lithuania's accession to major international treaties in the field of corruption and its participation in different technical co-operation and evaluation programmes. The following steps of Lithuania in developing anti-corruption policy were made: 1) In 1993, the President of the Republic established1 a steering group working to combat organized crime and corruption, which was in charge of coordinating the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime. -
0X0a I Don't Know Gregor Weichbrodt FROHMANN
0x0a I Don’t Know Gregor Weichbrodt FROHMANN I Don’t Know Gregor Weichbrodt 0x0a Contents I Don’t Know .................................................................4 About This Book .......................................................353 Imprint ........................................................................354 I Don’t Know I’m not well-versed in Literature. Sensibility – what is that? What in God’s name is An Afterword? I haven’t the faintest idea. And concerning Book design, I am fully ignorant. What is ‘A Slipcase’ supposed to mean again, and what the heck is Boriswood? The Canons of page construction – I don’t know what that is. I haven’t got a clue. How am I supposed to make sense of Traditional Chinese bookbinding, and what the hell is an Initial? Containers are a mystery to me. And what about A Post box, and what on earth is The Hollow Nickel Case? An Ammunition box – dunno. Couldn’t tell you. I’m not well-versed in Postal systems. And I don’t know what Bulk mail is or what is supposed to be special about A Catcher pouch. I don’t know what people mean by ‘Bags’. What’s the deal with The Arhuaca mochila, and what is the mystery about A Bin bag? Am I supposed to be familiar with A Carpet bag? How should I know? Cradleboard? Come again? Never heard of it. I have no idea. A Changing bag – never heard of it. I’ve never heard of Carriages. A Dogcart – what does that mean? A Ralli car? Doesn’t ring a bell. I have absolutely no idea. And what the hell is Tandem, and what is the deal with the Mail coach? 4 I don’t know the first thing about Postal system of the United Kingdom. -
Nepotism and Related Threats to Security and Sustainability of the Country: the Case of Lithuanian Organizations
sustainability Article Nepotism and Related Threats to Security and Sustainability of the Country: The Case of Lithuanian Organizations Svajone Bekesiene *, Audrone Petrauskaite and Rolanda Kazlauskaite Markeliene General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania, Silo 5a, 10322 Vilnius, Lithuania; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (R.K.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +370-68-648-000 Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of nepotism as a form of corruption on the effectiveness of organizations, determining the relationship between the manager and employees, employee relations, and taking it into account as a potential threat to secure and sustainable develop- ment of the organization and society. The data collected from private and public organizations were used to test research hypotheses. The AMOS version 26 program and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to check the models with median effects. The results of the test allowed to identify the negative aspects of nepotism in the relationship between the manager’s behavior and organizational performance. Nepotism causes internal conflicts and an atmosphere of mistrust in both public and private organizations, which leads to poor company performance and quality of services provided, and the potential loss of professionals. The results of the research show that the problem of nepotism is still relevant in Lithuanian society. The research results allow envisaging both systematic and ideological measures to prevent corruption in Lithuania. Models for the prevention of this form of corruption can be constructed on the basis of this research. Citation: Bekesiene, S.; Petrauskaite, Keywords: nepotism; corruption; public organizations; sustainable development; national secu- A.; Kazlauskaite Markeliene, R. -
Business Guide to Anti-Corruption Laws 2017 a Guide to the FCPA and the UK Bribery Act
Business Guide to Anti-Corruption Laws 2017 A Guide to the FCPA and the UK Bribery Act CHICAGO | LONDON | LOS ANGELES | NEW YORK | WASHINGTON, DC | JENNER.COM Several significant developments in 2016 will shape anti-corruption enforcement and compliance efforts in 2017. 2016 was a year of increasing enforcement activity and, at the same time, five cases in which the Department of Justice (DOJ) declined to bring charges despite a finding of wrongdoing. There was a significant increase in the number of cases resolved by the DOJ and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), nearly doubling 2015’s total. Two major settlements reflected the dizzying heights that FCPA monetary penalties can reach, with Odebrecht agreeing to a global resolution of approximately $2.6 billion and VimpleCom agreeing to monetary payments totaling $795 million. The DOJ also announced a one-year pilot program describing its expectations for self-disclosure, cooperation, and remediation from corporations facing an FCPA investigation. Pursuant to this pilot program, the DOJ has expressly described how those factors drove many of its 2016 FCPA resolutions, including the five declinations. These developments reflect a dual approach by the DOJ in which it holds out a carrot of promised benefits for disclosure and cooperation and yet continues to burnish the stick of aggressive enforcement activity, including seeking extraordinarily large monetary penalties. In the United Kingdom, the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) pursued corporate violations of the UK Bribery Act (UKBA). Although UKBA monetary penalties have not reached the levels seen under the FCPA, last year the SFO showed its will to impose substantial penalties, including penalties potentially sufficient to push a defendant corporation into insolvency.