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Opportunities for Fine Coal Utilisation

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Opportunities for Fine Coal Utilisation Opportunities for fine coal utilisation Mark Lewitt CCC/185 ISBN 978-92-9029-505-1 August 2011 copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre Abstract Coal is prepared to meet end -user requirements such as limits on the proportion of fine coal and ash forming minerals in the product. Preparation methods leave residues of fine material which can have a wide range of compositions from a good coal product to very high ash, surface moisture and sulphur contents. Regardless of composition, at the time of generation of these residues no market for them existed and so large amounts (estimated as about 58 Gt) have been deposited around the world in heaps or in slurry impoundments. Changes to the value of coal and developments in coal preparation and utilisation technologies have enabled increasing amounts of these materials to be recovered and used. The report provides an overview of the resource and opportunities for utilisation. Abbreviations AC alternating current AMIS Canadian Abandoned Mines Information System AMLIS Abandoned Mine Land Inventory System ar as received BFBC bubbling fluidised bed combustion BHEC Beijing Huaya Engineering Co BOM build, own, maintain BSI British Standards Institute CCRI China Coal Research Institute CFBC circulating fluidised bed combustion CIMFR Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (formerly Central Fuel Research Institute, CFRI) CIL Coal India Limited CLM coal liquid mixture CMM coal mine methane CPP coal preparation plant CSD coal slurry deposits CSIRO Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organisation CV calorific value CWM coal water mixtures db dry basis DC direct current DMC dense medium cyclones DMS dense medium separator ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EJ exajoules (10 18 J) EPCAMR Eastern PA Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation EPRI Electric Power Research Institute ESP electrostatic precipitator FBC fludised bed combustion GESI Global Environmental Solutions Inc GOB garbage of bituminous GOI Government of India GT gas turbine HCGT hybrid coal gas turbine HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance HRSG heat recovery steam generator ICE internal combustion engine ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams IDGCC integrated drying and gasification combined cycle IDNR Illinois Department of Natural Resources IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle IPGCC integrated plasma gasification combined cycle LHV lower heating value LRC Legislative Research Commission (Kentucky) maf moisture and ash free MDC Mineral Development Corporation MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration of the US Department of Labor MSW municipal solid waste MWD Mining Waste Directive 2 IEA CLEAN COAL CENTRE Abbreviations NAOMI National Orphaned/Abandoned Mines Initiative NCB National Coal Board, UK NSW New South Wales, Australia OSM Office of Surface Mining – Reclamation and Enforcement PC pulverised coal PCFBC pressurised circulating fluidised bed combustion PADEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection PGVA plasma gasification vitrification of ash POC proof of concept PRB Powder River Basin QLD Queensland, Australia RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RDF refuse derived fuel RF radio frequency ROM run-of-mine SCLCI Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories SMCRA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction US DOE US Department of Energy US EPA US Environment Protection Agency VAM ventillation air methane WPCAMR Western Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation Opportunities for fine coal utilisation 3 Contents Abbreviations . 2 Contents . 4 1 Introduction . 7 2 Context . 8 2.1 Terminology . 8 2.2 Coal preparation development – causes and effects . 9 2.3 Coal preparation residues – production and storage . 11 2.4 Factors affecting quantification of resource . 14 2.4.1 ROM coal properties . 14 2.4.2 Deposition effects and post-deposition changes . 14 2.5 Scale of the resource – a global estimate . 15 2.5.1 Quantity . 15 2.5.2 Quality . 15 3 Drivers . 18 3.1 Environmental and safety . 18 3.2 Commercial . 19 3.3 Regulatory . 19 4 Barriers . 21 4.1 Residue properties . 21 4.2 Location of material and method of storage . 22 4.3 Regulatory issues . 22 4.4 Capacity issues . 24 5 Opportunities . 25 5.1 Identification and assessment of resources . 25 5.1.1 Preliminary identification . 26 5.1.2 Investigation . 27 5.1.3 Decisions . 29 5.2 Recovery and reprocessing . 29 5.2.1 Recovery from storage . 32 5.2.2 Separation of coal from recovered material . 33 5.3 Manufactured fuel . 37 5.3 1 Coal water mixtures . 37 5.3.2 Solid fuels . 39 5.4 Coal conversion . 41 5.4.1 Liquefaction . 41 5.4.2 Conventional gasification technologies . 42 5.4.3 Gasification drying technologies . 43 5.4.4 Plasma gasification . 43 5.5 Combustion . 45 5.5.1 Conventional technologies . 45 5.5.2 Hybrid coal gas turbine . 48 4 IEA CLEAN COAL CENTRE Contents 6 Country summaries . 50 6.1 The Americas . 50 6.1.1 Brazil . 50 6.1.2 Canada . 51 6.1.3 Colombia . 52 6.1.4 USA . 52 6.2 Europe and Eurasia . 58 6.2.1 Albania . 58 6.2.2 Belgium . 58 6.2.3 Bulgaria . 60 6.2.4 Czech Republic . 60 6.2.5 France . 61 6.2.6 Germany . 61 6.2.7 Kazakhstan . 62 6.2.8 The Netherlands . 62 6.2.9 Poland . 62 6.2.10 Romania . 63 6.2.11 Russia . 63 6.2.12 Spain . 64 6.2.13 Turkey . 64 6.2.14 Ukraine . 65 6.2.15 UK . ..
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