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Catalogo De Las Plantas Vasculares Nativas De La Tierra Del Fuego

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Catalogo De Las Plantas Vasculares Nativas De La Tierra Del Fuego ; $> 5 O ,.v. a. A NS. I Nil'. '.‘AT.. I’.inla Arenas tCliile). Vol. V, N."' 1-2, ll)74 CATALOGO DE LAS PLANT AS VASCULARES NATIVAS DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO > DAVID M. MOORE** SUMARIO Se presenta un catalog© taxonomico de las plantas vasculares conocidas como nativas de Ticrra del Fuego. Eos nombres aceptados actualmente, junto con los sinonimos apropiados incluyen a la mayona dc los nombres mencionados en la literatura botanica dc la region Se adjunta una breve indicacion sob re la distribucion de cada taxon en el archipie- lago, refiriendo su presencia a cada una d: las cuatro zonas vcgetacionales y fitogcograficas que sc pueden reconoccr. ABSTRACT A taxonomic catalogue is given of the vascular plants known to be native to Ticrra del Fuego. The currently accepted names together with appropiate synonyms, cover most of the names appearing in the botanical literature of the region. A brief indication of the distribution of each taxon within the archipelago is given by reference to its occurrence in the four principal vegetational and phytogeographical zone* which can be recognized. INTRODUCCION En consecuencia, el conocimiento de la flo­ ra fueguina es evidentemente esencial para cual- El archipielago de Ticrra del Fuego, com- quier consideracion de las grandes disyuncio- prendiendo toda la region al sur del Estrecho nes fitogcograficas que concierncn a los taxa de Magallanes, cs el territorio mas austral en anfiantarticos y de regiones frescas templada.s cl hemisferio sur al que llega una parte signi- anfitropicales (bipolares). ficativa de alguna flora continental y que des­ Se sabe que desde 1690 en que ILe reaii- de muchos ahos ha sido un centro de interes zada la primera coleccion dc plantas de Ticrra parti taxonomos y fitogeografos. del Fuego (MIDDLETON, 1909; GUNCKE^. Debido a su separacion del continentc sud- 1971), mas de 80 personas ban colectado plan­ americano por el Estrecho de Magallanes y a tas vasculares en el area al sur del Estrecho de su division en una multitud de grandes y pe- Magallanes (MOORE Y GOOD ALL, inedito) quehas islas, es un area importante para el y hay una extensa bibliograffa sobre su flora. estudio de muchos de los factorcs que afectan Existen varias listas y relates parciales publi- los procesos de ilisiribueidn dc las plantas. Ade- cados ile las plantas fiiceuinas (e.g. FRAN nia'.. licua del Tiicgo i-. una lueule imporlaiH ( III T. 188'). SIM ( iA//INI. I S')(>; A! I'.OI l , tc para las plantas dc la /.ona circtimanlarlica, 1896; DUSLN, 1900; WILDE MAN, 1906; y muchas de sus especies y gencros se cncucn- SKOTTSBERG, 1906, 1916) pero el aumen- tran tambien en las regiones frcscas templa- to de las explcraciones botanicas y de la inves- das del hemisferio norte. tigacion taxonomica en esa area geografica du­ rante los ultimos veinte ahos necesita de una * Recibido para su publicacion on agosto do 1974. * * Department of Botany, University of Reading, moderna dcscripcion de su flora vascular. La Whitcknights, Reading RG6 2AS, Inglaterra. Isla de los Estados y la parte argentina de ta 100 DAVID M. MOORE de. cstan siendo descritas por CORREA Is!a Grande, cstan siendo descritas por CO­ (1969, 1971) cn la nueva Flora Patagdnica, RREA (1969, 1971) cn la nueva Flora Paiu- mientras que el presente autor prepara un tra- gdnica, mientras que el presente aulr prepara tamiento moderno de la flora vascular de toda un tratamiento moderno de la flora vascular de Tierra del Fuego. toda Tierra del Fuego. Debido a las numerosas adiciones y cam- bios taxonomicos actualmente conocidos sobre TAXONOMIA Y NOMENCLATURA la flora parece muy util confeccionar ahora un catalogo de las especies dcstinado a aquellos Para cl orden de las familias y generos sc que trabajen en esta importante region. siguc, en general, a ENGLER, Syllabus cler Dentro de algunos grupos taxonomicos el tra­ Pflanzenfamilien, segunda cdicion (MEL­ CHIOR y WERDEMANN, 1954; MEL­ tamiento es todavia provisional y se necesitaran CHIOR, 1964). La secuencia de especies esta investigaciones posteriores antes de que la flo­ ra completa pueda ser publicada. Sin embargo, basada sobre los mas rccicntcs cstudios taxo­ nomicos utilizables, incluyendo una buena se espera que esta lista sea util para paliar la cantidad de resultados todavia ineditos. Hasta falta que se evidencia en la literatura sobre la donde ha sido posible se han incluido todos flora fueguina y que al mismo tiempo esti- los nombres citados en la literatura botanica mulara a los investigadores para indicar al au­ sobre Tierra del Fuego. tor sus omisiones e inexactitudes a fin de que puedan ser tomadas en considcracion para la realizacion de la Flora de Tierra del Fuego DISTRIBUCION DE LOS TAX A que esta ahora en preparacion. Como en cualquier parte de las regiones fres­ Al igual que cn muchas regiones frescas cas templadas de Sudamerica, el clima, y por CHILE Fig. 1.— Zonas de vsgetacion y fitogeografia dc Tierra del Fuego. 1. (gris) Llanos fuego-patagonicos - pastos y en algunas partes, arbustos. 2. (gris obscuro) Bosque caducifolio - Nothojagus pumilio, N. antarctica y pantanos de Sphagnum. 3. (negro) Bosque siempre verdo - Nothojagus betuloides, Drimys winteri, Maytenus magellanica. 4. (bianco) “Magellanic Moorland" (Tundra magallanica) - pantanos duros, con arbolitos solameme en lugares protegidos. PLANT AS VASCULARLS NAT IV AS DE TIERRA DEL 1'UEC.O 107 ende la vegciacion de Tierra del Fuego csta pre me ban propcrcionado ana hospitalidad y determinada per !a ubicacion de las montanas ayuda inestimabU.s. A1 concluir, se agradece a con relacion a los may frecucntcs vientos do- la Dra. C. Saenz do Rivas quien tradujo al Cas­ minantes del cuadrante oeste, con alta pluvio- tellano el original en idioma ingles. sidad (1.800 mm. anuales) cn el sur y en el oeste. que dan lugar a condiciones mas 4ri- das cn la parte norte de la Isla Grande, si- LIS”A DE LAS ESPECIES tuada en la zona de sombra de lluvia de la PTERIDOPHYTA cordillera. En respaesta a este gradiente climatico pue- LYCOPODIACEAE den ser reconocidas cuatro zonas principals Hupcrzia selcgo (L.) Bernh. 5. de vcgetacion (Fig. 1) y, de acuerdo con nues- Lycopocium selago L. tros conocimientos actuales, estas corrcspon- L. fuegiammi Roivaincn den asimismo a las principales divisiones fi- Lycopodium confcrtum Willd. L 2. togeograficas de Tierra del Fuego. No se pueden incluir datos geograficos deta- L. magellanicum (P. Bcauv.) Swartz 1. 2. 3. 4. llados en este catalog©, pero sin embargo se in­ L. clavalum L. var. magellanicum Hook.f. dican, por medio de numeros (Fig. 1), las zo­ ISOETACEAE nas principales en las cuales se encuentra cada taxon. Isoctes savaticri Franchet 2. 4. La zona a'pina, de importancia vegetacional y fitogeografica, no sc indica en el mapa, pero OPHIOGLOSSACEAE las cspccies restringidas a csta zona se sena- Botrychium dusenii (Christ.) Alston 1. 2. 3. lan cn cl catalog©. Solamente en el caso de B. lunuria (L.) Sw. var. dusenii Christ. cspccies de Tierra del Fuego citadas con poca Ophioglossuin crotalophoroides Walter 2. frecucncia se incluye una referencia mas de- tallada para sus localidades espccificas. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE AGRADECIMIENTOS Hymcnophyllum darwinii Hook. f. 5, 4. //. abruption Hook.f. II. skottsbergi C. Christ. Este catalogo es cl producto de mas de 10 anos de estudio de la flora de Tierra del Fue­ H. dentatum Cav. 5. H. bridgesii Hook. go. Actua'.mente cl programa csta financiado H. trichocaulon Phil. por el Natural Science Research Council de Gran Bretaha, cuya ayuda se agradece pro- H. falklandicum Baker 2, 3. 4. II. tunbridgense auct., non (Gaudich.) fundamente, lo mismo que la ayuda anterior C. Chr.-Alboff. 1896. de la Royal Society de Londres. Se agradece Trichomanes sibthorpioides auct., non Bory. en forma muy especial la asistencia de mi co- H. ferrugineum Colla 5, 4. laborador cientifico Sra. Margaret C. Doggett. //. subtilissimum Kunze Soy dcudor a un gran numero de amigos H. aeruginosum Carm. y colegas, demasiado numerosos para ser mcn- H. magellanicum Willd. 2. 3. 4. cionados por su colaboracion durante ahos, pero debo dar mis sinceras gracias especialmen- H. nahuelhuapiense Diem & Lichtenst. 22. //. tunbridgense auct., non (Gaudich.) C.Chr.- te al Ing. Agron. Edmundo Pisano V., Insti- Skottsberg, 1906. tuto de la Patagonia, Punta Arenas; al Ing. Citada de Ushuaia (Skottsberg 210) sobre ma­ Agron. O. Boclcke, Univcrsidad de Buenos terial estcril (Diem y Lichtenstein, 1959). Aires; a la Dra. M. N. Correa, I.N.T.A., Cas- II. pcciinalum Cav. 4. tclar y a la Sra. Natalie Prosser de Goodall, Citada solamente de la Isla Desolacion Estancia Harbcrton, Ushuaia, con la cual he (Dusen, 1900). realizado muy agradables y provechosas sali- H. peltatum (Poir.) Desv. 2, 3. das a terreno. Asimismo, estoy muy agradeci- do, entre otros, a los administradores de las H. plicaturn Kaulf. 4. H. dichotomum auct., non Cav.- Estancias Cameron, Cullen, Darwin, Harber- Citada solamente de la Isla Desolacion ton y Viamonte, Tierra del Fuego, que siem- (Dusen, 1900). I OS DAVID M. MOORE II. bccuiuium Hook. A: Grcv 2. 3. 4. GRAM Mi l IDACEAH //. ntiihriilficn.vc, auct., non (Gaudich) C. Chr. Alboff, 1S96. Grammilis niagcllanica Dcsv. 2, 3, 4. G. australis R. Br. H. tortuosum Hook. & Grcv. 2, 5, 4. G. nana Brack. //. nigricans auct.. non Colla - Franchet, Poly podium auslralc (R. Hr.) Mctt. ISS9: Spcgazzini, 1896. billurdicri auct., non (Wilid) C.Chr. II. plicatiim auct., non Kaulf. A/.OLLACEAE Scrpyllopsis cacspitosa (Gaudich.) C. Chr. 2, 3, 4. Hyme/iopliylluin dusenii Christ. AzoIIa filiculoidcs Lam. 4. //. cacspitosum Gaudich. Citada unicamentc dc Bahia Orange, Peninsula Trichonumes cacspitosum (Gaudich.) Hook.f. Hoste (Wildeman, 1905) basada en un ejemplar dc Wilkes. GLEICHENIACEAE GYM NOSPERM AE ■Glcichenia cryptocarpa Hook. 2, 5. CUPRESSACEAE G. quadripartita (Poir.) Moore 2, 3, 4. G. acutifolia Hook.
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