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Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 172/Tuesday, September 6, 2011

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Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 172/Tuesday, September 6, 2011 55170 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 172 / Tuesday, September 6, 2011 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Species Information Loyal Mehrhoff, Field Supervisor, Overview of the Genus Hylaeus Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES); by telephone at 808– The seven species of bees described in 50 CFR Part 17 792–9400; or by facsimile at 808–792– this finding belong to the genus Hylaeus. Hylaeus is a large, globally [Docket No. FWS–R1–ES–2010–0012; MO 9581. If you use a telecommunications 92210–0–008] device for the deaf (TTD) please call the distributed genus comprised of over 500 Federal Information Relay Service species worldwide. In the Hawaiian Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. Islands, the genus Hylaeus is widespread and very diverse, with 60 and Plants; 12-Month Finding on Five SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Petitions To List Seven Species of native species, including 20 endemic to Hawaiian Yellow-faced Bees as Background single islands (Magnacca 2007a, p. 174). All 60 Hawaiian species are in the Endangered Section 4(b)(3)(B) of the Act (16 subgenus Nesoprosopis (Magnacca and U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) requires that, for AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Danforth 2006, p. 393). The Hawaiian any petition to revise the Federal Lists Interior. Hylaeus genus belongs to the Colletidae of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife ACTION: Notice of 12-month petition family of bees, also known as plasterer and Plants that contains substantial finding. bees due to their habit of lining their scientific or commercial information nests with salival secretions. The family SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and that listing a species may be warranted, is comprised of over 2,000 species, all Wildlife Service (Service), announce a we make a finding within 12 months of of which are solitary nesting (unlike 12-month finding on five petitions to the date of receipt of the petition. In this social wasps and bees), although a few list seven species of Hawaiian yellow- finding, we determine whether the do nest in close vicinity to each other. faced bees (Hylaeus anthracinus, H. petitioned action is: (a) Not warranted, The species of Hylaeus are commonly assimulans, H. facilis, H. hilaris, H. (b) warranted, or (c) warranted, but known as yellow-faced bees or masked kuakea, H. longiceps, and H. mana) as immediate proposal of a regulation bees for their yellow-to-white facial endangered and to designate critical implementing the petitioned action is markings. All of the Hylaeus species habitat under the Endangered Species precluded by other pending proposals to roughly resemble small wasps in Act of 1973, as amended (Act). After determine whether species are appearance, due to their slender bodies review of all available scientific and endangered or threatened, and and their seeming lack of setae (sensory commercial information, we find that expeditious progress is being made to hairs). However, Hylaeus bees have listing these seven species of Hawaiian add or remove qualified species from plumose (branched) hairs on the body yellow-faced bees is warranted. the Federal Lists of Endangered and that are longest on the sides of the Currently, however, listing these seven Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Section thorax. To a discerning eye, it is these species of Hawaiian yellow-faced bees is 4(b)(3)(C) of the Act requires that we plumose setae that readily distinguish precluded by higher priority actions to treat a petition for which the requested them from wasps (Michener 2000, p. amend the Lists of Endangered and action is found to be warranted but 55). Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Upon precluded as though resubmitted on the A great deal of our knowledge on publication of this 12-month petition date of such finding, that is, requiring a Hawaiian Hylaeus bees is based upon finding, we will add these seven species subsequent finding to be made within surveys by Robert Cyril Layton Perkins, of Hawaiian yellow-faced bees to our 12 months. We must publish these 12- a distinguished British entomologist and candidate species list. We will develop month findings in the Federal Register. naturalist renowned for his pioneering a proposed rule to list these seven Previous Federal Actions work on the insects of the Hawaiian species of Hawaiian yellow-faced bees Islands, particularly the Hymenoptera as our priorities allow. We will make On March 23, 2009, we received five (sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants), in the any determinations on critical habitat petitions dated March 23, 2009, from early 20th Century. His surveys were during development of the proposed Scott Hoffman Black, Executive Director conducted between 1892 and 1906, and listing rule. In any interim period we of the Xerces Society, requesting that form the basis for most of the historical will address the status of the candidate seven species of Hawaiian yellow-faced records of Hylaeus in the Hawaiian taxa through our annual Candidate bees be listed as endangered under the Islands. According to Perkins, Hylaeus Notice of Review (CNOR). Act and critical habitat be designated. species were ‘‘almost the most DATES: The finding announced in this Each petition contained information ubiquitous of any Hawaiian insects’’ document was made on September 6, regarding the species’ taxonomy and (Perkins 1913, p. lxxxi). However, there 2011. ecology, historical and current are about 90 years between Perkins’ ADDRESSES: This finding is available on distribution, present status, and current surveys and the most recent surveys the Internet at http:// and potential threats. We acknowledged conducted in the late 1990s for Hylaeus www.regulations.gov at Docket Number the receipt of the petitions in a letter to bees in the Hawaiian Islands. FWS–R1–ES–2010–0012. Supporting Mr. Black, dated May 8, 2009. In that Surveys in more recent years (1998– documentation we used in preparing letter we also stated that issuing an 2010) for Hylaeus spp. in the Hawaiian this finding is available for public emergency regulation temporarily Islands have largely involved targeted inspection, by appointment, during listing the species under section 4(b)(7) collecting on specific flowering plants normal business hours at the U.S. Fish of the Act was not warranted at that (Daly and Magnacca 2003, pp. 217–233; and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands time. We published the 90-day finding Magnacca in litt. 2011, p. 5), rather than Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana in the Federal Register on June 16, 2010 survey methods such as pan trapping or Boulevard, Room 3–122, Honolulu, HI (75 FR 34077). This notice constitutes Pollard walks (see below). While this 96850. Please submit any new the 12-month finding on the March 23, means the numbers of individuals and information, materials, comments, or 2009, petitions to list the seven species species observed are not strictly questions concerning this finding to the of Hawaiian yellow-faced bees as quantifiable by effort, the probability of above street address. endangered. collecting species actually present is VerDate Mar<15>2010 15:35 Sep 02, 2011 Jkt 223001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\06SEP2.SGM 06SEP2 erowe on DSK5CLS3C1PROD with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 172 / Tuesday, September 6, 2011 / Proposed Rules 55171 higher (Magnacca in litt. 2011, p. 5). underground. Like other Hylaeus, elevation from approximately 2,900 to Because the number and diversity of Hawaiian Hylaeus lack strong 7,900 feet (ft) (approximately 880 to Hylaeus spp. tend to be locally mandibles and other adaptations for 2,400 meters (m)). The study also found concentrated rather than widely digging and often use nest burrows the proportion of native pollinators distributed, randomized and more abandoned by other insect species (Daly changed along the elevation gradient; at quantifiable surveys such as pan and Magnacca 2003, p. 9). The female least 40 to 50 percent of visits were from trapping and Pollard walks are actually Hylaeus bee lays eggs in brood cells she nonnative pollinators at low elevation, less effective means of locating Hylaeus constructs in the nest and lines with a as opposed to 4 to 20 percent of visits spp. (Magnacca in litt. 2011, p. 5). Pan self-secreted, cellophane-like material. by nonnative pollinators at mid to high trapping involves the use of shallow Prior to sealing the nest, the female elevations. Hylaeus bees were less pans of fluid, and relies on the organism provides her young with a mass of abundant at lower elevations, and there falling or flying into the fluid semiliquid nectar and pollen left were lower visitation rates of any preservative. Pollard walks involve alongside her eggs. Upon hatching, the pollinators to native plants at lower observers walking along a fixed transect grub-like larvae eat the provisions left elevations, which suggest Hylaeus may route and recording the insects for them, pupate, and eventually emerge not be easily replaceable by nonnative observed. as adults (Michener 2000, p. 24). The pollinators (Sahli et al. 2008, p. 1). The recent Hylaeus spp. survey efforts adult male and female bees feed upon For some of the seven Hawaiian are not easily comparable to Perkins’ flower nectar for nourishment. Many yellow-faced bees addressed in this collections, which are considered now species, including the Hawaiian finding, we have information about the to have been conducted Hylaeus, lack an external structure for specific host plants they visit for nectar opportunistically. For example, Perkins carrying pollen, called a scopa, and and pollen. For some species, we have collected higher numbers of individuals instead internally transport collected also identified primary host plants and species in certain areas, including pollen, often mixed with nectar, within visited (see description of the species coastal areas that were much less their crop (stomach).
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