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Electroless Nickel Plating Custom components that drive tomorrow’s technologies. Electroless nickel plating: A general description of electroless nickel plating and its effect on Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance in reciprocating and rotary service Technical Report TR-16 (Rev. E; 7-27-15) (100-63-4) Suite 901, Chinachem 19650 Pauling Jollemanhof 16, 5th floor Century Tower Foothill Ranch, CA 1019 GW Amsterdam 178 Gloucester Road, USA 92610-2610 The Netherlands Wanchai, Hong Kong t +1 949 460 2100 t +31 20 638 6523 t +852 28681860 f +1 949 460 2300 f +31 20 625 6018 f +852 22956753 1 of 11 www.balseal.com www.balseal.nl www.balseal.com.hk Electroless nickel plating: A general description of electroless nickel plating and its effect on Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance in reciprocating and rotary service Contents 1.0 Summary .............................3 4.11 Requirements after Plating............8 2.0 Purpose of Plating ......................3 4.11.1 Stress Relieving..............8 3.0 When to Use Electroless Nickel Plating....... 3 4.11.2 Surface Finish after Plating......8 3.1 For Corrosion Resistance .............3 5.0 Properties of Boron Electroless Nickel Plating ...8 3.2 For Wear Resistance in 5.1 Variation in Hardness................8 Hard-to-Reach Areas ................4 5.1.1 As Plated . 8 3.3 Electroless Nickel vs. Chrome Plating vs. 5.1.2 Heat Treated ................8 Boron Electroless Nickel Coating: the Advantages and Disadvantages 5.2 Corrosion Resistance and of Each Method....................4 Surface Structure ..................8 3.4 Recommended Plating Thickness .......4 5.2.1 As Plated . 8 4.0 Properties of Electroless Nickel Plating........5 5.2.2 Upon Heat Treatment ..........8 4.1 Variation in Hardness................5 5.3 Friction Properties ..................9 4.1.1 As Plated . 5 5.4 Uniformity of Plating Thickness and Deposition Rate ...................9 4.1.2 Heat Treated for One Hour at 750 °F (400 °C) ............5 5.5 Adhesion of Plating and Material Being Plated ......................9 4.2 Corrosion Resistance and Surface Structure ..................5 5.6 Dimensions of Parts before and after Plating ......................5 4.2.1 As Plated . 5 5.7 Surface Finish and Plating ............9 4.2.2 Upon Heat Treatment ..........5 5.8 Boron Electroless Nickel Plating 4.3 Friction Properties ..................5 Specifications .....................9 4.4 Uniformity of Plating Thickness 5.9 Surface Cleaning and Activation and Deposition Rate ................5 Prior to Plating ....................9 4.5 Adhesion of Plating and Material 5.10 Quality Control of Boron Nickel Being Plated ......................6 Electroless Plating Process ..........10 4.6 Dimension of Parts before 5.10.1 Effects of Contamination ......10 and after Plating ...................6 5.10.2 Control of Plating 4.7 Surface Finish before and after Plating ...6 Bath Condition..............10 4.7.1 Plating Thickness from 5.11 Requirements after Plating...........10 0.0001 to 0.0006 in. (from 0.0025 to 0.0152 mm) ....6 5.11.1 Stress Relieving.............10 4.7.2 Plating Thickness >0.0006 in. 5.11.2 Surface Finish after Plating.....10 (>0.0152 mm)...............6 6.0 Sources of Supply......................10 4.8 Electroless Nickel Plating Specifications ..6 7.0 References ..........................11 4.9 Surface Cleaning and Activation Prior to Plating ....................7 4.10 Quality Control of Electroless Nickel Plating Process ...............7 4.10.1 Effects of Contamination .......7 4.10.2 Control of Plating Bath Conditions 7 The information, descriptions, recommendations and opinions set forth herein are offered solely for your consideration, inquiry, and verification and are not, in part or in whole, to be construed as constituting a warranty, expressed or implied, nor shall they form or be a part of the basis of any bargain with Bal Seal Engineering, Inc.. If any sample or model was shown to or provided by Buyer/User, such sample or model was used merely to illustrate the general description and type of goods. Such use is not to be construed as a warranty that the goods will conform to the sample or model. Furthermore, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED, ARE EXCLUDED AND SHALL NOT APPLY. This document provides product options for further investigation by Buyers/Users having technical expertise. The Buyer/User, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and for assuming that all performance, safety and warning requirements for the application are met. It is recommended that Buyers/Users run evaluation testing under actual service conditions to determine whether proposed Bal Seal Engineering products are suitable for the intended purpose. Nothing contained herein or in any of our literature shall be considered a license or recommendation for any use that may infringe patent rights. (LE-17) PATENTS: The items described in this report include products that are the subject of the following issued United States patents: 5,979,904; 5,992,856; 6,050,572; 5,984,316; 6,161,838 and others, as well as foreign patents or products where patents are pending. (LE-88G) ©Copyright 2016 Bal Seal Engineering, Inc. U.S.A. 2 of 11 Technical Report TR-16 (Rev. E; 7-27-15) (100-63-4) Electroless nickel plating: A general description of electroless nickel plating and its effect on Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance in reciprocating and rotary service 1.0 Summary This report outlines the process of electroless nickel plating, including its advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and requirements in achieving a good quality plated surface. Electroless nickel plating is used in applications where corrosion resistance is desired and with plating intricate surfaces or small or deep bores. A uniform thickness with medium to high hardness can be achieved. The process is limited to certain types of metals and requires a strict, high level of quality control. Electroless nickel plating can greatly enhance Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance by lowering friction and increasing the hardness of the dynamic mating surface to reduce seal abrasion and extend seal life. 2.0 Purpose of Plating The purpose of electroless nickel plating is to improve corrosion resistance, increase the surface hardness of the material, provide a uniform and dense coating, and in most cases, maintain the same surface finish the material had prior to plating. Electroless nickel plating consists of the deposition of a nickel-phosphorous alloy onto the metal surface by a chemical bath, not by electrodes or external electrical charges. This method permits the plating of hard-to-reach surfaces, such as small or deep bores and intricate shapes. Coating thicknesses for engineering uses vary from 0.0003 to 0.0008 in. (from 0.0076 to 0.0203 mm) with hardness from approximately 48 to 52 Rockwell C. When the plating is heat treated at approximately 750 °F (400 °C) for one hour, the obtainable hardness varies from 58 to 64 Rockwell C. Boron electroless nickel plating is another process that may be used. It produces higher hardness when required. The process allows for increasing the hardness from 60 to 62 HRC and from 70 to 72 HRC when heat treated. Electroless nickel plating provides a higher hardness, significantly improving Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance. A harder surface greatly reduces the coefficient of friction and the adhesive force, resulting in lower wear and longer Bal Seal® spring-energized seal life. 3.0 When to use Electroless Nickel Plating Electroless nickel plating can be used in the as-deposited condition or may be hardened, depending on the intended service conditions. 3.1 For Corrosion Resistance Because of its excellent corrosion resistance, nickel plating is used as deposited when the plated part is intended for a corrosive environment, such as brine, acids, etc. The plated part should not be hardened after coating, because hardening significantly reduces its corrosion resistance. 3 of 11 Technical Report TR-16 (Rev. E; 7-27-15) (100-63-4) Electroless nickel plating: A general description of electroless nickel plating and its effect on Bal Seal® spring-energized seal performance in reciprocating and rotary service 3.2 For Wear Resistance in Hard-to-Reach Areas Electroless nickel plating is used when it is difficult or impossible to produce a uniform chrome plate using electrodes, such as in small or deep bores. The coating is hardened when increased wear resistance is desired for rotary or reciprocating service. 3.3 Electroless Nickel vs. Hard Chrome Plating vs. Boron Electroless Nickel Coating: the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Method Method Advantages Disadvantages • High corrosion resistance in • Requires high standards of quality as-deposited condition control of surface preparation and • Maintains better uniform thickness Electroless nickel plating plating solution and surface finish • Softer than chrome plating • Can plate small diameters, deep • Some metal limitations bores, and intricate shapes • Harder than electroless nickel plating • Coarse surface finish after plating Hard chrome plating • Relatively easy to plate • Small bores and intricate shapes • Cost is similar to electroless nickel are difficult to plate plating, depending on parts • Can be placed on titanium; hardness is superior when • Cost-effective against hard compared with others chrome but is higher in cost when • Higher operating
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