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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences www.ijetmas.com January 2018, Volume 6, Issue 1, ISSN 2349-4476 Progressive Analysis of Pre-Engineered Steel Building Md. Sumon Rezaa,b*, Shammya Afrozea, Abul K. Azada* aFaculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTunku Link, Gadong BE, Brunei Darussalam bDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Pre-engineered building (PEB) system is the new concept in construction sector especially in Asia region. It has many advantages, including economy and easier fabrication, Long Span, Column free structures are the most essential in any type of industrial structures and Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) fulfils this requirement along with reduced time and cost. This methodology is versatile for its quality of pre- designing, fabrication, light weight and economical construction. The present work represents how one can developed the pre engineerd steel building with proper engineering planning and technical solution. We need to come up with new ideas and maintain the optimum level of economical solution. Keywords: Pre-Engineered Building, Steel Building, Fabrication, Erection, Tapered I Section, Staad Pro. Introduction Nowadays the rate of construction and the safety are the major concern in structural Engineering. Progress of Pre-Engineering-building structure (PEBs) accelerated the rate of construction maintaining all the safety factors reducing the erection time of the structure. PEBs are delivered as a complete finished product to the site from a single supplier with a basic structural steel framework [1]. The primary framing structure of a pre- engineered building (PEB) is an assembly of I-shaped members, often referred as I-beams. PEB system is a structure that consists of pre-designed, pre-fabricated component that are combined together and assembled structurally. In pre-engineered buildings, the I-beams used are usually formed by welding together steel plates to form the I-section. I-beams are then field-assembled (e.g. bolted connections) to form the entire frame of the pre-engineered building. Some manufacturers taper the framing members (varying in web depth) according to the local loading effects. Larger plate dimensions are used in areas of higher load effects. It is satisfying a wide range of aesthetic and structural design requirements. Now in USA, 60% of single story or low rise structure prefer PEB structure over conventional buildings [2]. Making the construction very quick is a needful step for manufacturing sector, residential and institutional sectors. As time is money, if once time is gone, no one can rewind it but money once lost money can be regained. Pre-engineered buildings (PEB) are developed in such a way that helps in efficient use of time and money [3]. Presently, large column free area is the utmost requirement for any type of industry and with the advent of computer software's it is now easily possible. Pre-engineered buildings are nothing but steel buildings in which excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections (I and H) as per the bending moment’s requirement. But it’s a fact that many people are not aware about Pre-Engineered Buildings. Pre-engineered building is steel building wherein the framing members and other components are fully fabricated in the factory after designing and brought to the site for erection, mainly by nut-bolts, thereby resulting into a steel structure of high quality and precision. With the improvement in technology, computer software’s have contributed immensely to the enhancement of quality of life through new researches. Pre-engineered building (PEB) is one of such revolution [2]. History A London carpenter, H. Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants. This was published at the time (advertisement, South Australian Record, 1837) and a few still stand in Australia. One such is the Friends Meeting House, Adelaide. The peak year for 12 Md. Sumon Reza, Shammya Afroze, Abul K. Azad International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences www.ijetmas.com January 2018, Volume 6, Issue 1, ISSN 2349-4476 the importation of portable buildings to Australia was 1853, when several hundred arrived. In 1855 during the Crimean War, after Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to The Times, Isambard Kingdom Brunel was commissioned to design a prefabricated modular hospital. The world’s first prefabricated, pre-cast panelled apartment blocks were pioneered in Liverpool in 1906. Prefabricated homes were produced during the Gold Rush in the United States, when kits were produced to enable Californian prospectors to quickly construct accommodation. Homes were available in kit form by mail order in the United States in 1908. Prefabricated housing was popular during World War II due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel. ‘Prefabs’ were built after the war as a means of quickly and cheaply providing quality housing as a replacement for the housing destroyed during the war. The proliferation of prefabricated housing across the country was a result of the Burt Committee and the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944. Under the Ministry of Works companies could bid on Council led development schemes, resulting in whole estates of prefabs constructed to provide accommodation for those made homeless by the War and ongoing slum clearance. Almost 160,000 had been built in the UK by 1948 at a cost of close to £216 million. The largest single prefab estate in Britainwas at PEBle Vale (South Liverpool) where more than 1,100 were built after World War 2. The Universal House (pictured left & lounge diner right) was given to the Chiltern Open Air Museum after 40 years temporary use. The Mark 3 was manufactured by the Universal Housing Company Ltd, Rickmansworth. The United States used prefabricated housing for troops during the war and for GIs returned home. Prefab classrooms were popular with UK schools increasing their rolls during the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s [4]. Many buildings were designed with a five-ten year life span, but have far exceeded this, with a number surviving today. In 2002, for example, the city of Bristol still had residents living in 700 examples. Many UK councils are beginning to demolish the last surviving examples of World War II prefabs in order to comply with the UK government’s Decent Homes Standard, due to come into effect by 2010. However, there has been a recent revival in prefabricated methods of construction in order to compensate for the United Kingdom’s current housing shortage [5]. Methodology In order to carry out the research, certain approaches and methodologies are required to be followed. The research was based on both exploratory and descriptive method. A random set of sample had chosen and a questionnaire was given. This study was mainly based on primary data and a questionnaire was developed that consisted mainly close-ended questions. For accomplishing this project, following points will be considered Collection of the information regarding conventional methods of building technologies and the limitations associated with it. Study various concepts of pre-engineered building and its various applications. Recent innovations and substitute techniques that are implemented for pre-engineered building will be highlighted [6]. The designs are carried out in accordance with the Standards and by the help of the structural analysis and design software STAAD pro. Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) In structural engineering, a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a PEB supplier or PEB manufacturer, to be fabricated using best suited inventory of raw materials available from all sources and manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic design requirements. Within some geographic industry sectors these buildings are also called Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings (PEMB) or, as is becoming increasingly common due to the reduced amount of pre-engineering involved in custom computer-aided designs, simply Engineered Metal Buildings (EMB). Typically, primary frames are 2D type frames (i.e. may be analyzed using two-dimensional techniques). Advances in computer-aided design technology, materials and manufacturing capabilities have assisted a 13 Md. Sumon Reza, Shammya Afroze, Abul K. Azad International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences www.ijetmas.com January 2018, Volume 6, Issue 1, ISSN 2349-4476 growth in alternate forms of pre-engineered building such as the tension fabric building and more sophisticated analysis (e.g. three-dimensional) as is required by some building codes [7]. Cold formed Z- and C-shaped members may be used as secondary structural elements to fasten and support the external cladding. Roll-formed profiled steel sheet, wood, tensioned fabric, precast concrete, masonry block, glass curtain wall or other materials may be used for the external cladding of the building [8]. PEB Why Though initially only off the shelf products were available in these configurations aided by the technological development tailor made solutions are also made using this technology in very short durations. A recent survey by the Metal Building Associations (MBMA) shows that about 60% of the non residential low rises building in USA are pre engineered buildings. Pre engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories including mezzanine floors, canopies, fascias, interior partitions etc. This is very versatile buildings systems and can be finished internally to serve any functions and accessorized externally to achieve attractive and unique designing styles. It is very advantageous over the conventional buildings and is really helpful in the low rise building design. Pre engineered buildings are generally low rise buildings however the maximum eave height can go upto 25 to 30 metres. Low rise buildings are ideal for offices, houses, showrooms, shop fronts etc. The application of pre engineered buildings concept to low rise buildings is very economical and speedy.
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