Preliminary Spectral Analysis of Furcraea Foetida

1R. SITRARASI and 2M. RAZIA

1Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor 1,2Department of Biotechnology, 1,2Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, India.

Abstract: Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. is a large monocot plant native to the Northern South America and Caribbean. The dried leaf and root powders of the plant were subjected to UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques to characterize the bioactive compounds. Both the spectroscopy techniques enable the preliminary identification of the chemical constituents and structures of compounds present in the plants. The UV-Vis spectrum of aqueous extracts of leaf and root showed different peaks ranging from 218- 269nm with high absorption. The FTIR spectrum of the root powder showed 13 peaks whereas only 7 peaks were found in the leaf powder. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aldehydes, primary amines, saturated aliphatic and aromatic compounds in both the plant powders. Both the results help in analysing the phytochemistry of the plant and confirm the fact that this plant contains important bioactive constituents.

Keywords: Furcraea foetida, FTIR, UV-Vis, spectroscopy, phytochemistry. 1. Introduction Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. is a monocot plant belonging to the sub-family Agavoideae, family Asparagaceae and the order Asparagales (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system, 2009)[1]. It is also commonly known as the giant cabuaya, Mauritius hemp, and green-aloe. This plant is native to the Northern South America and Caribbean. Many cultivars are used as ornamental plants in many parts of the world. The plant is cultivated in many countries for fibre extraction. F. foetida has been naturalised in many countries including India and are invasive species in countries like South Africa. The main objective of the present study is to identify the phytoconstituents of F. foetida by UV-Vis spectrum and FTIR profile.

2. Materials and methods 2.1. Plant Collection About 6 months old Furcraea foetida plants were collected from Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu. The leaves and roots of the plant were separated and cut into small pieces. They were washed thoroughly in tap water thrice to remove dirt and then were rinsed with distilled water. The roots and leaves of the plant were dried in a hot air oven at 45oC for 4 days. The dried samples were powdered using mechanical grinder. The resultant powder was sieved to remove fibers and was stored in air tight containers for further usage.

2.2. Preparation of extract For preparation of aqueous extract 0.10g of leaf and root powders were extracted in 20 ml of double distilled water in separate 50ml conical flasks. The flasks were shaken and then the solutions were boiled in a microwave oven for 45 seconds. The solutions were allowed to cool and then filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper. 2.3. UV-Vis analysis The aqueous extracts of leaf and root were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200-800 nm using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were recorded.

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© 2018 IJRAR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) 2.4. FTIR analysis FTIR analysis of leaf and root powders were carried out using Perkin Elmer FTIR spectroscope. Leaf and root powders were ground with KBr using a motor and pestle. The mixture was pressed to form translucent pellets which were used for spectral analysis. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. UV-VIS analysis The qualitative UV-VIS spectrum profile of leaf and root extracts of F.foetida are shown in Figs. 1 & 2. The UV-Vis spectrum of aqueous extracts of leaf and root showed different peaks ranging from 218- 269nm with high absorption (Tables 1 & 2).

5.915 6.523 2

6.000

3 4

6 7

4.000

4.000 Abs. Abs.

2.000

2.000 1

1 5

4 0.000 0.000

-0.304 -0.325 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 nm. nm. Fig. 1. UV-Vis spectrum of F.foetida leaf extract Fig. 2. UV-Vis spectrum of F.foetida root extract

Table 1. UV-VIS spectrum peak values of F.foetida leaf extract

S. No. Wavelength (nm) Absorbance 1 668.2 0.312 2 269.8 4.659 3 230.4 5.36

Table 2: UV-VIS spectrum peak values of F.foetida root extract

S.No. Wavelength (nm) Absorbance 1 489.4 0.7 2 239.2 5.953 3 235 5.514 4 218.2 5.33

3.2. FTIR analysis The FTIR spectrum was used for the identification of the functional groups of the active components in plant samples based on the peak value in the region of infrared radiation. The crude powder of leaf and root of F. foetida gave the following characteristic absorption peaks as represented in Figs. 3 & 4. The functional groups and bonds for the respective frequencies are listed in Tables 3 & 4. The FTIR spectroscopy is proved to be a reliable and sensitive method for detection of biomolecular composition [2].

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16 15

10 1734.18cm-1, 9.99%T 619.28cm-1, 10.15%T 9

%T 8

7 1414.80cm-1, 7.28%T 6 1072.43cm-1, 6.86%T

5 1634.97cm-1, 5.45%T 3902.56cm-1, 5.10%T 4 3749.19cm-1, 5.15%T 2922.14cm-1, 4.53%T

2 3421.21cm-1, 1.55%T 1 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500450 cm-1 Name Description FF LEAF Sample 048 By Administrator Date Thursday, March 02 2017 Fig. 3. FTIR spectrum of F. foetida leaf powder

8 618.74cm-1, 8.72%T %T 1734.80cm-1, 7.76%T 1515.87cm-1, 7.26%T 1378.61cm-1, 6.70%T 6 1259.56cm-1, 6.80%T

1415.89cm-1, 5.81%T 3806.09cm-1, 5.19%T 3868.53cm-1, 5.05%T 4 3750.95cm-1, 5.08%T 1105.96cm-1, 4.66%T 2851.34cm-1, 4.31%T 1635.98cm-1, 4.00%T 1058.32cm-1, 3.91%T 2920.42cm-1, 3.33%T 1035.95cm-1, 3.95%T 2

3422.64cm-1, 0.52%T 0 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500450 cm-1 Name Description FF ROOT Sample 049 By Administrator Date Thursday, March 02 2017 Fig. 4. FTIR spectrum of F. foetida root powder

Table 3. FT-IR peak values and functional groups of F.foetida leaf powder

S.No Frequency Bond Functional group 1 3421.21 O–H stretch, H–bonded Alcohols, phenols 2 2922.14 C–H stretch Alkanes 3 1734.18 C=O stretch Aldehydes, saturated aliphatic 4 1634.97 N–H bend 1° amines 5 1414.80 C–C stretch (in–ring) Aromatics 6 1072.43 C–N stretch Aliphatic amines 7 619.28 –C≡C–H: C–H bend/ C–Br stretch Alkynes/alkyl halides

Table 4. FT-IR peak values and functional groups of F.foetida root powder

S.No Frequency Bond Functional group 1 3422.64 O–H stretch, free hydroxyl/O–H Alcohols, phenols stretch, H–bonded 2 2920.42 C–H stretch Alkanes 3 2851.84 C–H stretch Alkanes 4 1734.80 C=O stretch Aldehydes, saturated aliphatic 5 1635.98 N–H bend 1° amines 6 1515.87 N–O asymmetric stretch Nitro compounds 7 1378.61 N-O stretch Nitro compounds 8 1415.89 C–C stretch (in–ring) Aromatics IJRAR1944725 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 448

© 2018 IJRAR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) 9 1259.56 C–H wag (–CH 2 X) Alkyl halides 10 1105.96 C–N stretch Aliphatic amines 11 1058.32 C–N stretch Aliphatic amines 12 1035.95 C–N stretch Aliphatic amines 13 618.74 –C≡C–H: C–H bend/ C–Br stretch Alkynes/alkyl halides

The UV-Vis spectroscopy is a simple technique to identify the main phytochemicals, discriminating between the hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules in relation to the polarity. Spectroscopic methods like UV- Vis and FTIR can be used together or separate in this sense as well as conventional methods [3]. An IR spectrum represents a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks which directly corresponds to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms which makes up the plant material [4-8]. It is because no two compounds produce the exact same infrared spectrum and thus are unique. Therefore, infrared spectroscopy can result in a positive identification of compounds. Also the size of the peaks in a spectrum is a directly proportional to the quantity of the compound [9]. 4. Conclusion Both the results help in analysing the phytochemistry of the plant and confirm the fact that this plant contains important bioactive constituents. In the present study UV-Vis spectrum and FTIR analysis showed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aldehydes, primary amines, saturated aliphatic and aromatic compounds which are responsible for various medicinal properties of test plant. The plant can be further studied by isolating compounds with different therapeutic properties.

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[8] Prasad, D., Joshi, R.K., Pant, G. and Rawat, M.S.M., 1997. Ephedrannin A from Prunus armeniaca root. Fitoterapia, 68, pp.275-276.. [9] Garhwal, S., 2011. Fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy in an-overview. Res J Med Plant, 5, pp.127-135.

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