Estudio Faunístico Y Ecológico De Los Anfípodos En Cuevas Submarinas Del Sur De La Península Ibérica

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Estudio Faunístico Y Ecológico De Los Anfípodos En Cuevas Submarinas Del Sur De La Península Ibérica Laboratorio de Biología Marina Universidad de Sevilla ESTUDIO FAUNÍSTICO Y ECOLÓGICO DE LOS ANFÍPODOS EN CUEVAS SUBMARINAS DEL SUR DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA FAUNISTIC AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMPHIPODS INHABITING SUBMARINE CAVES IN THE SOUTHERN IBERIAN PENINSULA Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor con mención internacional por la Universidad de Sevilla. CARLOS NAVARRO BARRANCO Sevilla, 2015 Los doctores JOSE CARLOS GARCÍA GÓMEZ, catedrático de Zoología de la Universidad de Sevilla, JOSÉ MANUEL GUERRA GARCÍA, profesor titular en el departamento de Zoología de la Universidad de Sevilla, y LUIS SÁNCHEZ TÓCINO, profesor asociado en el Departamento de Biología Animal de la Universidad de Granada, CERTIFICAN: Que la presente memoria de Tesis doctoral titulada Estudio faunístico y ecológico de los anfípodos en cuevas submarinas del sur de la Península Ibérica, ha sido realizada por CARLOS NAVARRO BARRANCO bajo su dirección en el departamento de Zoología de la Universidad de Sevilla. Asimismo, consideran que esta memoria de investigación reúne las condiciones necesarias para optar al Título de Doctor con Mención Internacional. Sevilla, a 28 de Septiembre de 2015 V°B° de los directores Fdo. Jose Carlos García Gómez José Manuel Guerra García Luis Sánchez Tocino III La presente tesis doctoral ha sido financiada gracias a una “Beca/Contrato predoctoral para Personal Investigador en Formación (PIF)”, otorgada por el Plan Propio de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla al doctorando durante el periodo de Abril de 2011 a Marzo de 2015. Durante este periodo, el doctorando también se ha beneficiado de las “Ayudas para estancias breves en el extranjero para beneficiarios de becas predoctorales” de la Universidad de Sevilla en las convocatorias de 2012, 2013 y 2014. Parte de la financiación de la tesis también ha provenido de dos proyectos públicos de investigación concedidos al Dr. José Manuel Guerra García: -Crustáceos caprélidos invasores del Mediterráneo y del Atlántico Norte: Distribución, Ecología, Taxonomía Molecular y Aplicaciones en Acuicultura (CGL2011-22474/BOS). Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. -Crustáceos cáprelidos invasores de las Costas Andaluzas: Aplicaciones en Acuicultura (Proyecto de Excelencia RNM-7041). Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa. Junta de Andalucía. V A mi familia VII I’d ask my friends to come and see An octopus’s garden with me I’d like to be, under the sea […] Resting our head, on the sea bed In an octopus’s garden, near a cave Ringo Star (The Beatles) Quizá porque mi niñez Sigue jugando en tu playa Y escondido tras las cañas duerme mi primer amor llevo tu luz y tu olor por donde quiera que vaya […] A fuerza de desventuras tu alma es profunda y oscura […] ¿Qué le voy a hacer si yo nací en el Mediterráneo? Juan Manuel Serrat IX ÍNDICE SUMMARY/RESUMEN ........................................................................... 1 1. CAPÍTULO 1. Introducción y objetivos generales .................................. 3 - La vida en cuevas submarinas ......................................................... 4 -Interés taxonómico y ecológico de los estudios en cuevas submarinas ....................................................................................... 8 - El estudio de las cuevas submarinas en el Mar Mediterráneo ....... 13 - Descripción del área de estudio ...................................................... 14 - Cueva de Cerro Gordo ..................................................................... 17 - Anfípodos: Importancia en los ecosistemas e interés de su estudio .............................................................................................. 20 - Estudios previos de anfípodos en cuevas submarinas .................... 21 - Objetivos generales ......................................................................... 23 - Estructura de la tesis doctoral ......................................................... 24 - Bibliografía ...................................................................................... 26 2. CHAPTER 2. Soft-bottom communities 2.1. Cerro Gordo cave: Gradients ........................................................... 33 - Abstract ............................................................................................ 34 - Introduction ..................................................................................... 35 - Material and Methods ..................................................................... 36 • Study area ............................................................................. 36 • Sample collection and analyses ............................................ 37 • Statistical analyses ............................................................... 37 - Results .............................................................................................. 38 - Discussion ........................................................................................ 41 - References ....................................................................................... 47 2.2. General ecological patterns .................................................................. 51 - Abstract ............................................................................................ 52 - Introduction ..................................................................................... 53 - Material and Methods ..................................................................... 55 • Study area ............................................................................. 55 • Sample collection ................................................................. 55 • Statistical analyses ................................................................ 56 - Results .............................................................................................. 58 XI • Species composition and distribution ................................... 58 • Spatial patterns of the univariate measurements ................ 62 • Relation between amphipod species and environmental variables ................................................................................. 64 - Discussion ......................................................................................... 67 • Species composition and distribution ................................... 67 • Biogeographical considerations ............................................ 68 • Spatial patterns of the univariate measurements ................ 68 • Small-scale spatial variability ................................................ 70 • Ecological quality and environmental preferences .............. 71 - References ........................................................................................ 74 3. CHAPTER 3. Hard-bottom communities 3.1. Cerro Gordo cave: Host specificity ................................................... 81 - Abstract ............................................................................................. 82 - Introduction ...................................................................................... 83 - Material and Methods ...................................................................... 84 • Study site ............................................................................... 84 • Sample collection .................................................................. 84 • Statistical analyses ................................................................ 85 - Results ............................................................................................... 87 - Discussion .......................................................................................... 89 • Amphipod composition ......................................................... 89 • Host-specificity and implications for conservation ............... 91 - References ........................................................................................ 93 3.2. General ecological patterns ................................................................... 97 - Abstract ............................................................................................. 98 - Introduction ...................................................................................... 99 - Material and Methods ...................................................................... 100 • Study site and sample collection........................................... 100 • Statistical analyses ................................................................ 101 - Results ............................................................................................... 102 - Discussion .......................................................................................... 105 • Mobile epifaunal community associated to Eudendrium sp. ............................................................................................. 105 • Differences between marine caves and open habitats ........ 105 - References ........................................................................................ 109 XII 4. CHAPTER 4. Colonization and successional patterns ........................... 115 - Abstract ............................................................................................ 116 - Introduction ..................................................................................... 117 - Material and Methods ..................................................................... 118 • Study site and experimental design ..................................... 118 • Statistical analyses
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