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Russian Federation: Displaced People Still Struggling to Lead a Normal Life

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Russian Federation: Displaced People Still Struggling to Lead a Normal Life RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Russian Federation: Displaced people still struggling to lead a normal life A profile of the internal displacement situation 12 November, 2008 This Internal Displacement Profile is automatically generated from the online IDP database of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). It includes an overview of the internal displacement situation in the country prepared by the IDMC, followed by a compilation of excerpts from relevant reports by a variety of different sources. All headlines as well as the bullet point summaries at the beginning of each chapter were added by the IDMC to facilitate navigation through the Profile. Where dates in brackets are added to headlines, they indicate the publication date of the most recent source used in the respective chapter. The views expressed in the reports compiled in this Profile are not necessarily shared by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. The Profile is also available online at www.internal-displacement.org. About the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, established in 1998 by the Norwegian Refugee Council, is the leading international body monitoring conflict-induced internal displacement worldwide. Through its work, the Centre contributes to improving national and international capacities to protect and assist the millions of people around the globe who have been displaced within their own country as a result of conflicts or human rights violations. At the request of the United Nations, the Geneva-based Centre runs an online database providing comprehensive information and analysis on internal displacement in some 50 countries. Based on its monitoring and data collection activities, the Centre advocates for durable solutions to the plight of the internally displaced in line with international standards. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre also carries out training activities to enhance the capacity of local actors to respond to the needs of internally displaced people. In its work, the Centre cooperates with and provides support to local and national civil society initiatives. For more information, visit the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website and the database at www.internal-displacement.org. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7-9 1219 Geneva, Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 799 07 00 [email protected] www.internal-displacement.org 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 OVERVIEW 10 RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DISPLACED PEOPLE STILL STRUGGLING TO LEAD A NORMAL LIFE 10 РЕЗЮМЕ ПРОФИЛЯ НА РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ 18 РОССИЯ: УСИЛИЯ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА ПОМОГУТ ТОЛЬКО НЕКОТОРЫМ ВПЛ ВОССТАНОВИТЬ СВОЮ ЖИЗНЬ 18 РОССИЯ: УСИЛИЯ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА ПОМОГУТ ТОЛЬКО НЕКОТОРЫМ ВПЛ ВОССТАНОВИТЬ СВОЮ ЖИЗНЬ 18 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND 29 THE CONFLICTS IN CHECHNYA 29 DISPLACEMENT FROM CHECHNYA TO AREAS OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 29 BACKGROUND TO THE FIRST CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 30 BACKGROUND TO THE SECOND CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 32 VIOLATIONS OF HUMANITARIAN LAW BY FEDERAL TROOPS LED TO DISPLACEMENT OF CIVILIANS (1999) 33 "SPECIAL OPERATION" IN BOROZDINOVSKAYA LEFT SOME 1,000 PEOPLE DISPLACED (2007)35 HOSTILITIES CONTINUE IN CHECHNYA DESPITE "CHECHENISATION" (2007) 38 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CURRENT "COUNTERTERRORIST" OPERATION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS 41 PROSPECTS FOR PEACE (2007) 42 THE CONFLICT IN NORTH OSSETIA 44 BACKGROUND TO THE CONFLICT IN NORTH OSSETIA 44 PROSPECTS FOR RESOLUTION OF THE CONFLICT OVER PRIGORODNY DISTRICT (2007) 47 OTHER CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 48 EARTHQUAKE IN CHECHNYA (2008) 48 VIOLENCE AGAINST CHECHENS OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 48 TREATMENT OF THE REMAINING MESKHETIAN TURKS IMPROVES (2008) 51 EVICTION OF ROMA FROM THEIR HOUSES AND LAND (2008) 51 POPULATION FIGURES AND PROFILE 54 GLOBAL FIGURES 54 CURRENT ESTIMATES OF IDPS RANGE FROM 13,902 - 158,000 (2008) 54 3 NUMBER OF PEOPLE INTERNALLY DISPLACED FROM THE FIRST CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA (2001) 56 POPULATION FIGURES: DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA 57 UN ESTIMATES SOME 136,500 IDPS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2008) 57 GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES 90,500 IDPS IN SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT (2006) 58 ABOUT 12,000 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE LIVING IN INGUSHETIA (2008) 59 DISAGGREGATED DATA: DAGESTAN (2008) 60 DISAGGREGATED DATA: INGUSHETIA (2008) 61 OVER 50,000 STILL DISPLACED WITHIN CHECHNYA (2008) 62 MORE THAN 30,000 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA LIVING OUTSIDE OF CHECHNYA (2007) 64 POPULATION FIGURES: DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF THE CONFLICT IN NORTH OSSETIA 64 AT LEAST 10,000 PEOPLE REMAIN DISPLACED FROM PRIGORODNY DISTRICT (NORTH OSSETIA) (2008) 65 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT 67 GENERAL 67 IDPS LIVING OUTSIDE CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA (2008) 67 VILLAGERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS FORCED TO SEEK SAFETY ON PLAINS (2007) 68 ELDERLY IN CHECHNYA TAKEN TO OLD AGE HOME IN NORTH OSSETIA (2007) 70 PHYSICAL SECURITY & FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 71 PHYSICAL SAFETY IN CHECHNYA 71 ARMED HOSTILITIES CONTINUE IN CHECHNYA (2008) 71 LAW ENFORCEMENT FORCES AND MILITARY UNITS IN CHECHNYA (2007) 73 "KADYROVTSY" ALLEGEDLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES (2008) 76 ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES IN CHECHNYA (2008) 79 EVIDENCE OF TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT IN DETENTION IN CHECHNYA (2007) 83 WOMEN AND CHILDREN SUFFER VIOLENCE AND ABUSE (2008) 85 YOUTH AND FAMILY MEMBERS AT RISK OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES (2008) 89 CIVILIANS EXPOSED TO MINES AND UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE IN CHECHNYA (2008) 91 REPRISALS AGAINST APPLICANTS TO THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (2008) 92 RECONSTRUCTION CONTINUES IN CHECHNYA (2008) 93 PHYSICAL SAFETY IN OTHER AREAS OF NORTH CAUCASUS 95 INSECURITY RISES THROUGHOUT NORTH CAUCASUS (2008) 95 YOUTH JOINING REBELS THROUGHOUT THE NORTH CAUCASUS (2008) 98 SECURITY SITUATION IN INGUSHETIA (2008) 98 SECURITY SITUATION IN DAGESTAN (2008) 100 SECURITY SITUATION IN KABARDINO-BALKARIA (2008) 102 PHYSICAL SECURITY OF IDPS IN INGUSHETIA (2007) 103 RULE OF LAW 105 RULE OF LAW IN CHECHNYA AND RUSSIA (2008) 105 INADEQUATE INVESTIGATIONS INTO HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN CHECHNYA (2008) 108 EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CONFIRMS INADEQUATE INVESTIGATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF RUSSIA FOR ABUSES (2008) 110 IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS' JUDGMENTS (2007) 111 CONTINUED IMPUNITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN NORTH CAUCASUS (2008) 113 LACK OF POLICE PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF RACIALLY MOTIVATED ATTACKS (2008) 115 4 DISCRIMINATION 118 SOME IDPS FROM CHECHNYA LIVING OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS FEEL UNSAFE (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 118 DISCRIMINATION OF INGUSH IN NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA (2007) 118 TREATMENT OF CHECHENS OUTSIDE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (2008) 119 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 121 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND RESIDENCE CONTINUES TO BE RESTRICTED (2007) 121 SUBSISTENCE NEEDS 123 FOOD 123 MOST VULNERABLE IDPS STILL REQUIRE FOOD ASSISTANCE (2008) 123 DETAILS OF FOOD ASSISTANCE IN CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA (2008) 123 SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 125 HOUSING CONDITIONS OF IDPS FROM CHECHNYA OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 126 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA LIVING OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS STILL WITHOUT PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 127 EVICTIONS FROM TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION CENTERS OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (2006) 129 GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO CLOSE TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION CENTRES (TACS) IN GROZNY (2008) 131 NUMBER OF DORMITORIES REMAINING IN CHECHNYA (2008) 132 OPTIONS FOR THOSE LEAVING TACS IN CHECHNYA (2008) 133 PROBLEMS WITH HOUSING OFFERED TO THOSE LEAVING TACS IN CHECHNYA (2008) 135 HOUSING OF IDPS FROM MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHECHNYA (2007) 138 POOR LIVING CONDITIONS FOR IDPS IN INGUSHETIA AND DAGESTAN (2007) 142 MOST IDPS IN CHECHNYA AND INGUSHETIA STILL IN NEED OF PERMANENT SHELTER (2008) 143 ELECTRICITY AND GAS CUTS TO TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION IN INGUSHETIA AND CHECHNYA (2008) 144 IDPS IN INGUSHETIA LIVE MAINLY IN PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION (2008) 145 IDPS IN DAGESTAN NEED ASSISTANCE FOR LOCAL INTEGRATION (2008) 146 IDPS IN NORTH OSSETIA STILL LIVE IN POOR CONDITIONS (2008) 148 LIVING CONDITIONS IN NOVY, NORTH OSSETIA (2007) 149 HOUSING CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME TOO SLOW (2008) 150 HEALTH 152 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS HAVE LIMITED ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 152 HEALTH SYSTEM SLOWLY RECOVERING IN CHECHNYA (2008) 153 IDPS IN INGUSHETIA LARGELY WITHOUT ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES (2008) 155 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FOR IDPS (2008) 156 MENTAL HEALTH OF DISPLACED ADULTS AND CHILDREN IS POOR (2008) 156 WOMEN'S AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH IN CHECHNYA (2008) 159 HIV/AIDS IN CHECHNYA AND DAGESTAN (2007) 161 WATER AND SANITATION 162 ACCESS TO WATER FOR IDPS IN INGUSHETIA AND DAGESTAN IMPROVED (2008) 162 IDPS IN CHECHNYA STILL NEED BETTER ACCESS TO WATER (2008) 163 5 ACCESS TO EDUCATION 166 INGUSHETIA 166 DISPLACED CHILDREN NOW ATTEND REGULAR INGUSH SCHOOLS (2007) 166 CHECHNYA 167 CAPACITY OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM STILL LIMITED (2008) 167 SCHOOLS IN CHECHNYA (2007) 168 POOR STATE OF SCHOOLS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS (2007) 170 OTHER AREAS 172 DISPLACED CHILDREN ACCESS EDUCATION OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 172 SEPARATE SCHOOLING IN SOME VILLAGES OF PRIGORODNY DISTRICT, NORTH OSSETIA (2006) 173 SOME DISPLACED CHILDREN FACE OBSTACLES TO GOING TO SCHOOL IN DAGESTAN (2007) 173 ISSUES OF SELF-RELIANCE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 175 SELF-RELIANCE 175 IDPS FROM CHECHNYA LIVING OUTSIDE OF NORTH CAUCASUS STRUGGLE TO FIND JOBS IN OFFICIAL MARKET (SPECIAL REPORT, 2008) 175 FULL PENSIONS DIFFICULT TO SECURE FOR MOST IDPS (2008) 176 ECONOMY SLOWLY RECOVERING IN NORTH CAUCASUS (2007) 178 YOUTH IN NORTH CAUCASUS MOST
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